firee Soil, Free Speech, Free Siete Prosiest far Erea rerrtiory. E. 0. GOODRICH, CDITOR. Towanda, Saturday, December 13,185.(. Terme of The' Reptort er. SO $0 per annum—if paid Wotan the year 50 erns wilt be ded ucted—for eash paid actually iwadvance $I 00 will be deducted. NO paper Dent over two years. unless paid for. A assertstenrcrs. per square of 'ten liars, ISO cents for the aria. and'lll Cents for each entesequedt.iiisertion. 13:r Moe in the “ Vision Block." nonb side ol the Public Naar., next door to the Bradford Hotel. Entrance beiween Messrs. Adams' and Elwelr's law offices. • The Pr esideney. v The newspa ers, all over the country , have fal len into a great orror, in regard to the Bocuiat and Bict.ea ticket. It '8 announced from Maine to Flori. da,,and for what w know ; fro& Georgia to Cali fomia, that the Bradford Reporter has nominated the aforesaid ticket. Now, we stated distinctly in oar article, that we did not wish to be understood as plslging oneself to any course in the futiire.- - - We fall make no pledges—nor commit ourselves to any course hereafter—it will be plenty of time, when the ball is fairly opened, and the music com menced. We shalt then endeavor to do oar duty `as a Democrat, and stilt more as a pat-lot, and sin cere lover of liberty and one Country acting as a Freeman should act, " regardless of denunciation from any quarter." We stated that same one had proposed RULER and .BIGLER anal said it would be a first rate ticket. So it would be—and, let those distinguished persons be'nominatect and presented to the support'of the Democracy, standing upon the platform qt the Re publican party, unfettered by any narivw and sec tional pledges i and they would win the Presiden tial race, with ease. What other ticket can be proposed, *filch would be morally certain of carry ing either Pennsylvania, New York or Ohio?-- And what Democrats can succeed without carrying one . of these three great states? Yet we had no desire-to afford these gentlemen arty "aid or com fort," or to encumber them with the " deep dam nation of our praise." So we beg oar cotempo. rallies to unsay what they have said. We take no part in the struggle. pt or do tie pledge' ourself to support any ticket. The future must determine what part we shall take in the contest o 1852. Is this uraterstood ? fltr, When RicnARD BROIMEAD sr., Was elected U. S. Senator from Penn.ylvania, we espies:sett our regret at the election The Easton Argue pftd the Pem4lttanien, crowed over the ergot most lustily, and puffed the new Senatoradnauseurn. They both announced that the result was well received by the papers of the State " trith one or Iwo unworthy cr orphans." This fall, the editor of the Argo s was a candidate for Representative from Northampton county, and Mr.' BROMIEAD defeated him. lie be comes in the estimation of our friend ffirrrsa, (whose defeat we sincerely lament) no longer an angel of but a fiend incarnate, and the batte ries. ot the Argus open upon him with a terrific bleadside. Soon it becomes manliest that Mr Sammie is Odt in favor of Ohl Bum for the Presidency, and the Pennsylvanian is down upon him. Of course, in return, BRODISEAii is not particularly, anxious for Foatecfs election as Clerk, and after that aflair has been consummated, Foaacv Mb him the compli ments contained in the following article, which ice take from the Penneyloanian of the s:h : a In the midst a the rejoicings of the trne.Demoe racy of the *hole country over the 'election .of Mr. FOIINST to the Clerkship of the National house of Representatives. the conduct of Baonasen—the la test indiction of mediecrity, Malignity and menntoess upon the H. 8. Senate is everywhere laughed at and despised. He burrowed into every nook and Corner. retailing the mom shameless slanders againstldr, Fosarar 4 and though rebuffed in all goarters,by geti. denten who knew his calumnies to be falsehoods,,be persevered in his wretched task to the end ; and then, like a whipped spaniel, whined over his failure. Contrasted with his sing:e serpent voice of slander, were thOrarm, earnest and enthusiastic efforts of a host of Democrats, among thi most purest and gift ed men in the Union, and , the Congress that elected rummy, repudiated and rebuked liitonasso. There f. if that isn't a tall specimen of vindictive sanitation, we are no judge. We have a mind to retort opon these papers their own linguagi.. The facility with which'the Penn ryhatnian changes its opinion men , is truly mar. vetoes. The touch-stone of merit just now is friend ship to Mr. BCCIUNAN to secure the approbation of that paper, it is only necessary to form his pre tentions to the Preside' cy, and 'straightway the in. , dividual becomes celebm'ed by a pull, wherein he is prOciaimed as the neplasultnrof enlightened and ertistent Democrats- But if he charce to prefer another, and if that paderence is in anyway ever abed, No denunciations of the Frunayfamtion over take him, or hang suspended over his 'head, like the sword of Damocles. We ire not sure but the `matter has been ,cartied so far, that it is literally urun into the greand," and men.have become in different to the attacks of the Pennsylvanian, and only tear to be bespattered by ate praise. We grumbled at Baonneartit, eleaticin...blit now that the Pennsylvanian has fell to abusing him, we are not certain but be is beuer than we bad svppos. One eiidence of that fact has already been elieited, and if the Pennayloanirmcontinies to show reasons why . ye should applaud him, we will take back what we said. ' , ' - , Townsl'iptlasan Pal(atux —We inadvertantly omitted last Week, to notice the Panorama which luta been eahibit ng in this place. to the great palls- Cannon of those who visited it. The display was a magnificent and pleasing one, and amid the host of ritilisirels and harribngs which are priambulating the country, this Panorama' is really worthy of at , tendon'. It will richly repay the visitor for the time and money spent. The following notice is from the Oxford Zinn k!OrtWira`s Mattes,* PAnosta;. a'. was exhibited at this place:on Friday and Saturday evenimigi'-hst.— If Warr 'attended by a large -audience. whe_seetned weltideased with the covet views presented..., Tht eatertaiamenv is pleasing, and wholly anobjectittek and is rather lastructive." Talc hinresrosin• Wino is the title of Thad Ste t "me new paper at, Lacauter, being a continuation of the (bairn& - and 7fettratr ander a% 'new title: 01 viers !t 'does norparticuiady eo:tou to the National Admin'siration. zr Canal:Ca' • The selection of_a candidate.,lo Canal_ Commis !l 00 is fi irate PI acer,bl \idreadiexciting put4MuMticm.f ftVe trusisAatio: the notnination the claims al the timetirade/40;h vitl not be avellool4 lifer clinntie‘htifebeen . de, ferrl froni r 'Convention tcV eonventicit, Moir the time has come wheat she will demand that respect sheakt be pad .to those democrats whose . unitinnyand ever ready majorities are alwaytiteolc= ed to, in time of needs There is no man in'thet,North better qualified for this important puit y than COLGOBDON F. MASONS of Bradford, tvluitie name rill be 'presepted to the nest Democratic Convention by the North East with great unanimity. Cut. hlssos, does not need our recommendation to make him lavorably known over the Commonwealth. He represented thii District three years in the Senate of Pennsylvania, with usefulness and fidelity,' and gained for himself a high reputation throughout the State. Regarding the interests of the State, as being abuse tue mere matter of the elevation of men, we should rejoice to see him occupy the -Position for which he has been named, for we know him to be abundantly qualified to discharge its duties rind Smolt° its re. sponsibilities. We know him to be podsessed of that firmness and unbending honesty, blendeewith practical good sense and useful knowledge, acquit.. cif by a life of industry, which applied to the man. egement of our public works, would be of an far mense benefit to the Commonwealth. Oar object, hoirever, is not to bring him forward as a candidate; that has already been &nit) in vari ous sections of the State; but to introduce tome ex tracts from papers showing the laudable feeling which is manifested to do justice to the North, and the favor with which Col. blsson's name is receiv. ed, abroad. The first is tram the Lackaunnna Citi um--4he second, a communication in the Easton Argers:i- "Casst.Comstissiowatt.—That the-next Democrat. ic Candidate for Canal Commissioner should be furnished by the North is so evident, that it seems to be generally acguiescedidn. It may be consider ed as conceded. A correspondent of the Pennsylva nian signing himself "North ylvaniaa." recommends the nomination 'or.. L. L. Tres of the Columbia Democrat. Now in anything that re lates to the success and promotion of our brethren of the- Democratic press, we may justly be expected to sympathize. In this case however, white wishing all manner of good. whether of honor or profit to our friend of the Columbia Democrat, We 'have another preference for Canal Commissioner.' That prefer• ence is for Cox. Goaoos F. Masai of Bradford County. We have not room to-day to give at length our reasons, and state why we believe he should be the candidate presented and urged the North.— Hut we may say That these reasons are many. and to us very conclusive, and also, that there is an im mense feeling in his favor throughout this Notthera Demdcratic region." (From the Etetop Argun► Ma. Burros a—As the- time approaches for the nomination of • candidate for Canal Commissioner, to be supported by the Democratic party at the-nett election, I percetse that the several sections of the Commonwealth are putting forth their men and ur ging their claims upon the consideration of the par• ty. and the convention which will assemble on the 4th of March next. Already there ate ~many good men named for this important post—men whose ca pacity is of the first order, and whose democracy is above all doubt of reproach, so that in any eventthe Convention Trill have presented to it material froze whiehlo select a candidate who shall do honor to the Commonwealth, when elected. I desire, Mr•. Editor, to add to the catalogue of worthy names, still another, not inferior to any now before the put. tic ope that has done much ana good service in the, democratic cause, who is abundantly capable to discharge the duties of the office with honor and credit to both himself and his constituents, whose integrity and firmness are above the each of eon- tamely, and offer the most sanguine assurance of a watchful guardianship over the interests of the State. and a certain guarantee of a faithful discharge of official duty. That man is Col. Cosmos F. MASON, of Bradford Co. Col. Mason, although compara tively a young man, has been long and actively em ployed in public life. Having represented his dis trict for three years in the State Senate, where he ex itibiterr-by his industry and research, a most !bor. ough acquaintance, with. the condition and interests of the State, and especially that portion of the great ness of fiat Commonwealth from which she derives the maximum Pf her revenue—her gigantic public improvements—he is peculiarly fitted for the office of Canal,. Commissioner. In addition to this, the eleetipp next fall will be fora successor to.M - r,Gsat• scs, the only member of the Board from the North Eastern half of the State -. 4 po,lion of democratic heritage which covered themselveS with glory in the late election by their majorities for the demo cratic nominees. Col. Mason is a true, 4lied and faithful democrat, au ardent friend of our 1 0 0 ;tous Union, and a firm supporter of the Compromise.-- His nomination by the Democratic party, would en sure a triumph at the polls, and his election would shed new lustre on the purity and permanency of Democratic principles. Tousaoc ass . Slate Treitsurer. The papers announce that Gen. McKim will be a candidate for re-election to the office of State Treasu. rer. We presume there will be no opposing can didate among the Democrats. Of course, his re elebilon is certain. This is a teach which will be of great benefit to the Commonwealth, for she bas never had a better or mom efficient officer. Can. 8., has guarded the interests of the State with zeal ous care, and by energy and promptitude has plac ed the credit of the State upon a Secure foundation. We are assured that be has ferreted oat anti reme died many abuses since be assumed the duties of the office ; preserved the fondant the State from peculation, end pin estop to the thieving propensi ties which some of the agents of the State have a evident inclination 'Io. We owe Gan. B. a debt of gratitude, in the Nottb,for thiinterest be has nianilested intim prose cution•olthe North Branch Canal. •He has labored essidnously r when the Treasury was almost empty, to procure the funds necessary to keep the work in Operation, and with success. -His election will be particularly well received Whew those exertions are known. Ote' Cot. JOHN W Foes sr, having been elected Clerk of the House of Representatives at Washing ton, heti .aired from the editorial control of the Palmy:minims; Mr. BVlCese 'being promoted to the Editorial chair, while nut quondam Mend, Wigs Fours, late of the " North Pennsylvanian," ap pears as Associate Editor. We congratulate Wise upon his =elision, and trust that he will and his labors more pleasant, than endeavoring to instil his principles lute our benighted and obstinate Democ racy. Still we believe he•haelearned something bY his short &tom! in . Drtullord; - sillich wilt beose• ful to him hereafter; and if le will acknowledge UM we told bin s , but the truth, on tbe cc carrion of that rid. bom Waverly, we will be good frleadsvith him, and acknowledge the many &oil traits he really possesses: What say lon Wisel N. :D. No change isexpecied to take_ place in the ptditical 'come of the. Perepyhanticis. If we might volunteer a word of advice, it *oat be to curtail the nine! uumber of Nils, by tnic-half. , .... , The ranenis el' the,DOWN/Odic Etleldl!! , Or ffeinill44 gite#iiiiiiiiter dersing theDempreteltatif *pen sTetstafile. -. Tlin'tlestilt was con* idnetiottlit' theleleetion o(offieierand a harmeidope inejerikt Ic t ri in ihafitedy,f7 10 41 hopethat t hi nnign4.3fil to engraft thitoni - i ' .. 1"3 upon oar .eleit4, . inintild, heiiiiifficiiiit wit - ride to those disiontetikiihoitie endeavoring to break up the Dentectatict party. 7 But hangmartFcionsOrho baddona re Ore 4 ,9 produce' the disunion feeling than any Man in the country, ii now endeavoring with Coal of Georgia to 'organize a Union party, which shall absorb the ...two great parties at the South, and the prime object of which is the elevation of Foote to the rice•Pietkidene.— Not content that the countryia'quintly . . end peace fully Settling down into an observance of thediffer. ent nieasurers comprising the tompromlse, he has introduced into the Senate-, a new firebrand,jri the shape of resolutions reaffirming these measures.-4- Not content that they are now. laws, and in no dan ger of being disturbed; he insists that the North shall re-affirm diem, and those men who„failed to favor their passage, must come op to the mark, or be no longer considered Democrats. It is asserted plain' ly thatenly'eyon such a.platfornx can the Democ racy North and South be united. We are gratified that it was left for Mr. FOOTE to open afresh the exciting tliscuselons which have en :raged the attention of the andhad partially, if not entirely subsided, before the amateur hang man introduced them into the councils of the Nation. The very men who have been the loudest in de pouncing 't Agitation"—Sueh men as Foora—are the men who have least desired the questions to be settled. They will not now allow them to remain settled Demagogneti—low panderers to sectional feeling—with more impudence than talent, as long as they can keep the feeling of the South aroused, they are enabled to ride upon the crest of the wave —but once depending upon their own talent. anti merits they sink into obscurity. If Foora mold succeed in his scheme of a Union party he is vain enough to imagine that he may reach the Vice Presi dency, which position, God forbid, he should ever disgrace. ' The action of the Democratic caucus should teach the Democratic patty a lesson. Upon the ancient platform of our patty, it is possible for as. to be unit ed, and to achieve a glonous victory in 1852. Any attempt at interpolation upon that 'creed—any at tempt to make the Compromise a shibboleth—will be suicidal—fraught with danger and pregnant with disaster. Why may not the Dernocraey be allowed to differ upon this, as oponthe Tariff—as upon Har bor and River Improvements--and upon ether ques tions I As tong as any portionare.willing to respect and carry out the guarantees of the Constitution, who shall proscribe how those guarantees shall be respected. 1 If the National Convention requires implicit faith in the justice of the Compromise measures—if it attempts to make them part and parcel of the Demo cratic.treed—if it, in short, endorsee the prominent features of the Fillmore administration--and will not allow Demomatsto think and judge for them selves, it requires me prophet's keuto see what will inevitably follow. The great Democratic party of the North, wilf never accept of Poore as a leader. They are not debased and degraded, so lost to every generous sentiment of honor,--os that. Let Site Na, tional Convention when it eons 'nes, select good and pure Democrats as jts candidatee, who.are dis tinguished only by their ability and patriotism, and renowned for their suppcit of Republican principles. Let it iktscriAupont its banners, the principles of Jet tenon and Jackson and Van Boren. Let it signally and promptly rebate those mischievous and ambi tious persons who would eradicate the ancient land marks, and obliterate the ancient watch-wcrds, and then will await it an honorable and glorious victory. If other counsels prevail, distraction wilt - overtake its ranks, and defeat is certain. There are breakers ahead in 1852, to avert which prudent and cautious action is necessary. Our only hope is, that the leaders are so anxiqps for the spoils, that they writ play to win, and conseqgently take the only course which will ensure success. No-thanks to them, that that eonrsiais the right one, If any body thinks that there is not yet to be a gale, they are reposing in unfounded security. There, is rough water ahead, and the breakers look dangerous. The only true way is to adopt Davy Crockett's mollo—Ji Be aura rs're right and then go acad." We ask now, to b e excused from following Mr. Foam's lead. If we eve: :.‘Ye to come that, it will be after a season of tasting tad prayer. A R Turr's Um ! , or arizaNNATL—The first annual drawing of this institution w:11 take place on the first day of January next. Tho.” , wishing to avail themselves of the chance of prom:m . .7j a painting of the highest order cf artistic merit, shoat! no longer delay. This Union is ceMposed entirely ofAnists, and the paintings oft exhibition are unusually va:.no• hie Every subscriber not only nrceives two magnifi cent Engravings, worth nearly the full amount of his subscription, but also may obtain one of the most splendid and valuable Original Paintings of the American School of Art." Members who subscribe for more than one share in the "tribution, are, for every five dolltus sub. scribed, presented with an additional engraving, worth nearly that amount. Each member will , also be entitled; from the date of this subscription, to this numbers of the 11 Western Artists Journal," a monthly, public:Ann devoted ti Literature and the Fine Arm Subscribers for 1831 will receive a copy of Mount's celebrated pittrfre of "Catching Rabbits," and a beautiful print of " Washington," after Stn arq cold:4lite r ' Portrait, which is admitted to be the most correct and life-like representation of the Fa. Cher of big count% now in existence. Theengravings for 1851 may be seen at this of. See, and we consider them as far ahead of any similar production we have ever seen. The agent for this , place, is Ww. H. PERKINS who will receive and , 'refnit subscriptions for 1831, il immediately made. Otyl : When and where is Dr. Sursauav 'a address to appearl How long before we are , to be enlight. erred by the profundity of his wisdom I Let us not burst in ignorance ; ! Will the gentlemen who are to stand as sponsors, hurry it forth An awfairorisis is at band, -when the good and the wise and'the patrionishould not-permit their modesty to. deprive the country of the breatittiable benefits of theittounsels, Nor shall we allciw the .Dector to be &prived of a single iota of the glory which the !prOductionentisr be' the means of bringing upon forrieborly.. We' will see 1110 he has fair play, and due credit for the labor and pains he has taker. • - " %---Vie trial of CAlMlf t ial . /41Airlit bekle the U. St D$ ict.Ca of FI* 4 :444pw (rpal?ly c?n -°144 o ,oo # , - *PrioneivaAs -hlOlO4. for qtiostaniOic is SerelaW A grey* CuMber of,iontupsshave iitiminetl,' arid the frvidence oticited :hits of showing complichi of Runaway in the matter. It appears that the alarm *as given on the morning o \ rthe'dijr Cif the unfortunate occurrence; that kid hapPers were in the neighborhood, and as a negro had but lately Win kidnapped in that region, the colored population immediately congregated armed with weapons, to defend one ot , their number from the danger they sup Posed him to be in. . There is Antal lack of_ evidence to show any , thing like organized or premeditated resistance to theraetniunts of Congress. A band of ignotant negroes congregated together ender a sudden alarm, in fear of being kidnapped, and excited and furious, did not stop to enquire whether the action of 'the slave catcher, is under authority of law, or not.— They should be punished.for the outrage committed upon the laws, and dealt with as justice requires, but to say that they are guilty or the misdemeanor of high treason, is a stretch of law which him no parallel in these days of humanity and intelligence. (t:r. The Danvilk Iddligenar, Fam Bzar's pa per—(need anything mere be said T)—accuses us of sinster motives in applauding Goy. Biones's nomination lot the Vice Presidency. It also accu ses, the Reporter of having deserted and denoenced • Gov. PORTER in limes gone by. In this latter charge, we are not concerned, farther than to g , vindicate the truth of history." The Reporter was a fast and true friend to Gov. Porter, and defended him until the last moment—mach longer, in our estimation, than he deserved. That this steadfastness, was ever ad vantageous to its editor, or ever given as a reason why it should be, we have yet to learn. The former charge concerns as more intimately, and we pronounce the insinuation intended to be conveyed as false and malicious. There is no per ton responsible for the course of the Reporter, other than its editor whose name is at the head of itsedi tonal co'omns. It is 'onktst to make any other per son answerable for what it may say. And solar as concerns Ccd. Ilicar.n, we have no favors to ask of him, nor do we expect any. We shall be satisfied, if he fulfils our expectations in administering the Government upon those principles of Democracy which we know he has at heart. We have every confidence in his integrity and firmness—we be. Hove he will be the Executive himself, and not permit the interested councils of I , outriders" to warp his judgment, or lead him from the Republi can path he has marked out, and already entered upon. President's Message. (mom FOUR= PAGt.) nitres within our border, has claimed my cornea and constant attention. Congress having failed, at the last session, ‘to adopt my recommendation that an additional regiment of mounted men specially adapted to that service should be raised, alt that re mained to be clone was to make the best use of the means at my disposal. Accordingly, all the troops adapted lethal service that could properly be spar ed from other quarters have been concentrated on that frontier, and officers of hie] reputation selected to command them. A new arranaernent of the mil itary posts haa•aliso been made, whereby the troops are brought near to the Mexieati frontier and to the tribes they are intended to overawe. Sufficient time has not yet elapsed to realize all the b4nefits that are expected to result from these rraements, but I have every reason to hope that they will effectually check their marauding expe alone. The nature of the country, which furnish es little for the support of an army and abounds in places of refuge and concealment, is remarkably well adapted to ens predatory warfare; and we can scarcely hope that any military force, combined with the greatest vigilance, can entirely suppress it By the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, we are bound to protect the territory of Mexico against the incursions of the savage tribes within onr bor der " with equal diligence and energy; " as if the nixie' were made within our territory or aga . n - our citizens. f have endeavored to comply, us fat as possible w.th this provision of treaty. Order• have been given to the officers commanding on that frontier to consider the Mexican territory and its inhabitants as equally with our own entitled to their protection ; and to make alt their plans and arrangements with a view to the attainment of Ibis: object. Instructions have also ,been given to the Indian commissioners and agents among the tribes. in all treaties, to make the clauses designed for protection of our own citizens apply also to those of Mexico , . 1 have no reason to doubt that these in: stractions have been carried into effect. Neverthe• less it is probable that, in spite otf all our efforts some of the, states of Mezieo may have suffered, a s our own have, from depredations by the Indians. To the difficulties of defending our own territory as above mentioned are superadded, in defending that ofeMexico those thatarise from its remoteness from tee- fact that we have no right to station our troops within her limits and that there is no effi cient pilitary force on the Mexican side to . co-oper , ate with our own, tio long as this shall contin ue to be the case, the number and activity of our troops will rather increase than diminish the eni! a s jbe Indians will naturally turn towards that coun try wiiere they uncounter the least resistance, Ye, these troops Are necessary to subdue them and to compel them to make and observe treaties. Until :bis shall have been done neither country will en j o y an i securns in ity fr California, whom their attacks. •rh e c,liao had previously a ars , s do f peaceable character. and disposed to culti ppe vate the frieettAlP of the whites, have recent ly ciimmitted „ ma ; :cts of hostility. As a large portion of the reinforcemei7ts sent to the Mexican frontier were drawn from MI: Pee, Hies, the malty, force now stationed there is corisi;glen entirely in adequate toils defence, It cannot ;.." Ineren, sed. however, Without air increase of the arm; , and I again reccommend that measure as indispensaii:e the protection of the frontier. I invite your attention to the sugestions on this subject, and on others connected with his depart ment, in the report of the secretary of war. The appropriations for the support of the army, during the current and fiscal year ending 30th lone next, were reduced far below thq estimate submit ted,by the department. The consequence of this reduction is a considerable deficiency, to Which I invite your early lineation. The expenditures of that department for the year ending 90th June last,were $9,080468 58, The es timates for the year commencing. Ist July next, and ending !tine 30th 1853, are $7,898,775 83 ; showing a reduction of $1.191,492 75. The Board of Commissioners to whom the man agement of the titriirs of the Military Asylum Crew tet by the act of 3d March last was 'entrusted have selected a site for the establishment of an Asylum in the vi:initv of this city which has been approved by me subject to the production of a satisfactory title. The report of the Secretary of the Navy wilt ex hibit the condition of the public service under the supervisirn of that department. Our naval force afloat duringthe present year bas been actively and' useful employed, to giving protection to our 'ride iyt extended and increasing commerce and ititerests in the various quarters of the globe. and our flag everywhere afforded the security and received ttie respect inspired by the justice and liberality of our intercourse, and the dignity and power of the nation. The expedition commanded b Lieutenant De Ifieetr,despachedin smelt or the-Britisb cayman. der. Sir John Presidio. and his companions in the , Aectip . t3eas, retarned,,to New Iferk itattinioonth of Deiither;after2; having undergone great pent and :earning frotnta. Unknown and dangeroussta,vig* *di maths rigore'of a 'northern clithate whinesAs afeetiefactory information of the objects _Of tett . Buick tint with new contributions to science and navigation from the-unfrequented . pOtti . regions. The officers and mini Of the expeditior, having been all volunteers Tor this service, and hating so con ducted it is as to meet the'entire approbation of the government, iris siffteated,Wit an Bet of grater and generosity, that the same allowances of extra pay 'and emoluments be extended to them that were made to the exploring expedition to the South Seas. I earnestly reecummend to your attention the necessity of reorganizing the Naval Establishment, apportioning andfizing the number of officers in each grade providing some mode of promotion to the higher grades of the navy ,having reference to merit and capacity, rather than seniority or date of entry into theservire, and for retiring from the effect- ive list upon reduced pay those who may be compe tent to the performance of active duty. As a meas ure of economy as well as of efficiency in this arm of the service, the provision last mentioned is emi nently worthy of your consideration. The determination of the questions of relative rank between the sea officers and civil officers ofthe navy, and between officers of the army and navy; in the various grades of each, will also merit your at tention. The failure to provide -any substitute, when corporal punishment was'abolished for offen ces in the navy, has occasioned the convening df numerous colon martial upon the arrival of vessels in port, and is believed to have au injurious effect upon the discipline and efficiency of the service. To moderate punishment from one grade to an other is among the humane reforms of the age; but to abolish one of the severity, which applied so generally to offences on shipboard, and provide nothing in its stead, it is to suppose, a progress of improvement in every individual among seamen which is not assumed by the Legislature in respect to any other class of men. ft is hoped thit Congress. in the ample opportu nity afforded by the present session, wi:l thorough ly investigate this important subject and establish such modes ofdetermining guilt and such grada tions of punishment as are consistent with humani ty and the personal rights of individuals, and at the same time shall ensure the most energetic and effi cient performance of duty and the suppression of crime in our ships of war. The one dock in the navy yard at New York, which was ten years in process of construction, has been so far finished to be surrendered up to the au thoritities of the yard. The dry dock at Philadel phia is reported as completed, and is expected soon to be tested and delivered over to the agetha of lhe goverment.. That at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, is also nearly ready for delivery ; and a contract has beeneoncluded, agreeably to the act of Con gress as its last session; for a floating sectional dock on the Bay of Francisco. I envite y_cor at tention to the recommendation of the Department touching the establishment of a navy yard in con. junction with this' dock on the Pacific- Such a station is highly 'necessary to the convenience and effectiveness of our fleet in that ocean, which must be expected to increase with the groWth of commerce and the rapid extension of our whale fisheries over its waters. The Naval Aeatfemy at Annapolis, under a revis ed and improved system of regulations, now affords opportunities of education and instruction to the pu pils quire equal, it is believed, for professional im provement, to those enjoyed by the cadets in the ?Military Academy. A. large class of acting mid shipmen was received at the commencement of the last academic term and a practice-ship has been attached to the institution, to afford the amplest means for regular instruction in seamanship, as well as for cruises during the vacations of three or tour months in each year. The advantages of science in nautical affairs have rarely been more strikingly illustrated than in the fact stated in the report of the Navy Department, that by means of the wind and the current charts, projected and prepared by Lieutenant Maury, the Superintendant of the Naval Observatory, the pas sage from the Atlantic to the pacific ports of our country has been shortened by about forty-two days. The estimates for the support of the Navy and Marine Corps the ensuing tiscal year will be found to be $5,856,472 19, the- estimates for the current year being $5,900,621. The estates fur special objects under the control of this department amount to $2,681,220 89. ag ainst $2,210,980 for the present year, the increase being occasioned by the additional mail service on the Pacific coast and the construction of the dock in California, authorized at the last session of Con gress and some slight additions nailer the head of improvements and repairs in navy ) ards, building and machinery-. I deem it of mach importance to a just economy and a correct understanding of naval • expenditures, that there, should be an entire separation of the ap propriations for the support of the naval service proper from those for permanent improvement.st navy yards and stations, and from ocean steam mail service, and other special objects assigned to the supervision of this Department. The report of the Postmaster General, herewith communicated, presents an interesting view of the progress, operations, and condition of his Depart ment. At the close of the last fiscal year, the length of mail routes within the United states was 196,290 miles; the annual transportation thereon' 52,572- 252 miles ; and the annual cost of such transporta tion 0,421,754. The length of the foreign mail routes is estimated at 18,346 miles; and the annual transportation there on at 615,208 miles. The annual cost of this ser vice is $1,472,187, of which $448,947 is paid by the Post Office department and $1,023,250 is paid through the Navy Department The annual transportation within the United States (excluding the service in California and Ore gon which is now, for the first time, repoited and embraced in the tabular statements of the Depart. ment) exceeds that of the preceding year 6,162,- 855 miles, at an increased cost of $547,110. The whole number of post offices iri the United States, on the 39:h day of Suite last, was 19,796. There were'l,69B post offices establ.shed, and 256 discontinued, during the year. • The gross revenues of the Department for the fis cal year, including the appropriations for the franked matter of Congress, of the Departments, and offi cers of government, and excluding the foreign post age., collected for and payable to the British post office, amounted to $6,727,866 75._ The expenditures fur the same period (exclu ding $20,599 49 paid under an award of the Audi tor, in pursuance of a resolution of the lastGongreas for mail service on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers in 1832, and-1833, and the amount paid to the Brit. tish post office foe foreign postages collected for and -livable to that office) amounted to $6,024,565,79 ; 1 ,.-2ving a balance of revenue over the-. proper ex penbit,:res of the year of $703,290 99. postage during the year (exclu- The remit:2 f"r ding the foreign collected for and payable, to the ,British post office) nnounled l oB997,6lo 79 or 18.64400 percent, over tiie like receipts for the preceding year. The reduction of postage. under the Sit of March last, did not take effect until the commencemd%t of the present fiscal year. The accounts for the first quarter, under the operation of the reduced rates will not be settled before January next; and no re liable estimate of the receipts for the present year can yet be made. It is believed, however, that they will fall far short of those of the last year, The sur plus of the revenues now on hand is, however. so large tht po further appropriation from the treasu ry in aid of the revenues of the department, is re quired tor the current fiscalyear but-an additional appropriation for the year ending Jane 30. 1 853.wi1l probably be found necessary when the receipts of the first two quarters of the fiscal year are fully as certained. In his last annual report the Postmaster General recommended- a reduction of . postag e to rates which be deemed as 10 - w as could be prudently adopted onleseCon:ress was prepared to apps prude from the treasury, for the supportof the De partment, a sum more that rq uivalant to the mail services performed by it roc the Government. The recCommendatwaorthe Postmaster General, in re spect. to letter postage, except on letters fromand to California anu, Oregon, were :substantially adopted, hy'the 'fiat Congress. Denote recom adb e ., mere to the present letter rstes.atin advises against a further , redaction until justified by tharevenue of 'the Department ! :Re ,rectmunends that the rites of post age 4:4 ted,litatter bbe revised uto render them more shit* aramoret uniforrit its their operation upon at classes aprented matter. , Vsebtnit the restos. datiout of the repart.to your , Tavorabfe' consider*. •tion. - - _ Thi% public statues of the Vrtited States bays new been accumulated for', more than sixty years, and interepereedmith - private tete, ate scattered thmed, ; numerous volumes, and, from the cost of the whole have become almost inaccessible to the eat maidp of the community. They also exhibit much Of the incongruity and imperfection of hasty fegistation.- - .: As it seems to be generally conceded that there le no "common law" of the United States to suppl y the defects of their legislation, it is moat important that .the legislation should - be as perfect as possible; defining every power intended to be conferred, ev. ery crime intended to be made punishable, an,r precribing the punishment to be inflicted: In ,addi tion to some particular eases spoken of more sr lerrgilr, the whole criminal code isrinvir temente* defective. Some offences are imperfectly descriti. ed, and others are entirely omitted; era th at flagrant crimeti intry . .be commited with ; .The scale of - punishment it not in alreasesgratlaatedac cording to the degree and nature of the offence, and is olten rendered more unequal by the different modes of imprisonment, or penitentiary confine. ment in the different States. Mtiny laws of permanent charaelet have been in troduced into appropriation bills, and it is often (lit. ficult to determine whether the particular clause expires with the temporary act of which it is, apart, or, continues in force. It has also freqnently hap. pencil that eactments and provisions of law hare been introduced into bills, with the title or general ibbject of which they have tittle or noconnexion or relation. Tin this mole of legislation so many e n . =talents has - clew' heaped' upon each other, arid 'often with but little consideration, that in many i n . stances, it is difficult to search out aril deterrninze what is the law. The Government of the United States is emph al , icly a government of written lawa.' The statwev AIDA!, therefore ; as far as practicable, not only be made.a.ccessible to all, but be etpressed in lanu agi , so plain-and simple as to be understood by all, amf arranged in snob - method as to give perspicuity 11 every subject. Many of the States have rensej their public acts with. great and manifest benefit, and I recommend that provis i on be made by l a p for the appointment of a commision to revise the public statutes of the United States, arranging, tha n in order, sopplving deficiencies, correcting mem gruities, simplifying their fangnage and teponc,l them to Congress for its action. An act of - Cengrese approved- 30th Sepre m b er, 1850, contained a' provision for the exlerom s 11( the Capitol, according' to such plan as might proved by the President, and appropriated on: hart. dyed thousand dollars to be expended tinder WI, rection, by such architect 25 he shoal appoint execute the same. On examining the var i ou s pl an , which have been submitted by different architect, in pursuance of act ad vertisment by a committien; the Senate, no one was fond to be entirely 5111.. factory, and it was theretore deemed ail st.aNe • combine and adopt the at vantages of several. The great object to be accomplished was to nu such an addition as would afford ample and rm• venient halts for the deliberations of the two Half es of Congress, with sufficient accOnindations spectators, and suitable apartment for the coat tees and officers'of the two branches arida) Leip tore, It was also desirable not to mar the harm and beauty of the present structure, which, at specimen of architecture, is so universally admit Keeping these objects in view, I conenhled tom the additibn by wings, detached from the prr building, yet connected with it by•cturidorri mode of enlargement wildleave the present Ca; uninjured, and afford great advantages for ter Lion and the admission of light, arid will enalil work to progress without interrupting •the deli Lions of Congress. To carry this plan into of have appointed an experienced and competent itect. The corner stone was laid on the 4th di July last, with suitable ceremonies, since w) time the work had advanced with commeatlaN palitv, and the foundational of both wings are nearly completed. I again commend to your faithful retard terest of the Dtstrict of Columbia, and deem It necessary to remind yon, that although its inhati Crave no voice in the choice of representatur Congreas, they ace not the less - entitled to a jt liberable condition in out. legislation.. Idy op on this subject were more fully expressed last annual communication. - Other siihjects were brought to the anent Congress in my last annual message to would respectlally refer. Bet there was one than ordinary interest to-which I again in , spcial attention. tallude to the recomn for the appointment of a dommission to snit claims against the . United States Justice victuals as well as to the government, imp demands that some more convenient & eu mode than an appeal to Congress '4boob! ed . It is deeply to be regretted that in sever ces officers of the government, in atternira ecute the law fur the return of Mgitive. have been openly resisted, and their eili.rs aced and defeated by lawless and violmAtnr!..i in one ease suun resistance resulted in the J? an estimable citizen, and in other serious Ili sued to those, oflicers and to individuals Ithe using their endeavors to sustain the laws titans have been instituted against the idle; tiers, so far as they could be identified, still pending.. 1 have regarded it,as my these cases, to give all aid legally - 1n my the enforcement of the laws, and I shall cat do so wherever and whenever their execut be resisted. The act of Congress for the return of horn labor is one required and demanded express words of the Constitution The Constitution declares, " That none to service or labor hyena State, under the of escaping into another, shall, in cossr any, law or regulation therein. be disc!, such service or labor, but slot% be delivei claim of the party to whom such servici may be due." This constitutional provision ly obligatory upon Legislative, the Erna! Judicial Departments of the Governmeul, l every citizen of the United States. Congress, however; must, from necessi .upon the subject, by prescribing the -1 necessary to ascertain that the person 15 , and the means to be used for his resteret", eliamant. This was done by an act passee the fiest (elm of President Washington, al amended by that enacted by the last Cer it now remains for the Execufive and 'l ll4 partments to take care that these laws be executed. This injunction of the Constin permplory and as funding as any oilier; exactly on the same foundation as that oh provides, for the return of fugitives from; that which declares that no bill of attain( post facto lawshall be passed, or that wind to an equally of taxation, according to 11 or the Clause declaring that alt dunes shr form through the United,States, or the provision that the trial of all crimes shall le, These several — articles and clauses of the f lion, alt resting on the carne authority, T r Or fall together. Some objections hare against the details of the - act for the retUl from labor; but it is worthyrif remark ilti opposition is aimed at the Constilutto pioceeds horn persons and Oases of pet of whom declare their wish in t.ee that °renamed. They avow their hostility t ( which shall give full and practical !del quirement of the 'Constitution. Fnrtut !cumber of thew persons is co mparative and is believed to be daily sue which they present is one which tar , supremacy and. even the existence oldie lion. Cases have heretofore tinsel' in which s a: , etre/lave denied the binding anthem!) . Congress, and even states have Toilette
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