SESs&aamass&b&e&a smsmsss," -I f 7Si J" 'rfKTEV i?W l -X,l jn T W"T' CFV -.- . . ? 6 -' f ,iv-y. f 12 THE PITTSBURG DISPATCH, WEDNESDAY, JULY 27, l89a ' RIOTING IN RUSSIA. Patienls Buried Alive bj the Over zealons Authorities. DOCTOKS KILLED BY :THE HOB. Ignorant People Accuse Ihem of Causing the Dread Disease IK THE CBOLEBA STRICKEN DISTRICT. Bostox, July 26. Private advices just received in Boston from the city of Astrak han, Russia, tell the story of a popular out break that scarcely finds a parallel in mod ern history smce the plague riots of the Middle Ages, and is only to be paralleled in Russian annals by such risings as those of . Stcnko Eazin, the brigand, and Pugacheff, the political pretender. The first news of the disturbance came about the beginning of the present month in the form of a telegram stating that n number ot workmen fleeing from the cholera had been killed in a riot, dne to tjjp attempt of the military to hold them to the performance of their contracts. Still later intelligence ascribed the disturbances to a revolt on the part of the ignorant populace against the sanitary measures taken to pre vent the spread of "the plague. The detailed account just received, while it pictures the icnorance, the superstitious hallucinations and the murderous violence ot the mob in the most lurid colors, repre sents the outbreak as having been precipi tated In the first instance by the discovery that the sanitary authorities, in their over zeal to .stamp out the dread disease, liftd been putting cholera patients into their cof fins alive. Story of the Astrakhan Riot. The Astrakhan riot, with all its shock ing features, is now seen to be one of the incidents of that double scourge of famine and plague from which Itussia is suffering so direly to-day. The story ot it reallybe gins with the cholera outbreak, since there is no evidence to show that, in the absence of disease, there would have been any con flict with the authorities. Situated on the Loner Volga, at the entrance to the Cas pian, the city is connected by steamship lines with ali the ports of that inland sea, receives ior European transporta tion almost the entire commerce with Persia and Transcaucasia, and holds annually markets and bazaars that attract thousands of merchants from all parts ot Asia and Europe. Its complete communications with the East, in fact, have made it the much-dreaded gateway through which, despite the sanitary precautions of the llussian Government, Asiatic cholera so frequently gains admission to the western orld. The latest visitation of the disease, due to a -temporary relaxation of sanitary vigi lance at the Caspian ports, began toward the latter part of June, and cholera was r.igins in the city tor about a week before the official announcement of its presence vns made on the lt of July. The normal population of Astrakhan at the present time is about 80,000 persons, made up of J!u-sian:, Armenians, Tartars and Persians, the Kusiaus dominating; the industries carried on include shipbuilding, dyeing, silk-makine, tallow melting, oil refining, snap making, fruit raising and fishing. But this year, owing to the migration ot large numbers ot peasants and artisans from the the iamine-stricken districts m search of v ork. Astrakhan is overcrowded, and the Government early ioundit necessary to start public works ot various kinds in order to gne occupation to the surplus population. Mrasurec to Prevent the Spread. As soon as the presence of the disease had been definitely ascertained the authori ties took prompt measures to prevent its spread. One of the first of these was the quarantining of all vessels coming from the Caspian ports, and this measure has been carried out so rigorouslv that at the time of writing (July 4) some 7,000 persons were detained in the roadstead, where, owing to lack of provisions, they were for many days restricted to a diet of half a pound ot bread a dav. Quarantines were also established for the Volga steamers, with the result of practically cutting oil Astrakhan from the rest of the world. The city itself was divided for sanitary purposes into 16 dis tricts and a new hosnital, furnishing accommodation ior 200 patients, was opened. At the time the sanitary regulations were issued cholera patients were being conveyed to hospitals at the rate of about ten a day. It was ordained, among other things, that corpses should be wrapped in sheets covered with quicklime, put quickly into coffins, nailed up, and then, without religious ceremonies of any kind, conveyed directly to a special cholera cemetery in the steppe, and there luterred. The first signs of popular discontent man ifested themselves alter the issne ot the san itary regulations. The Russian peasants, artisans and common people generally, being of the orthodox Greek faith, strongly recent the idea of interring dead people without a preliminary religious ceremony, since they recard such neglect not only as unnecessary, but as a slight upon the dead, and as imperiling their interests in the world to come. Another source of discon tent was the widespread belief among the population that the cholera was being man ufactured by the doctors, many declaring that Anglichanka (the "English woman," meaning England) had sent8, 000,000 roubles to bribe the physicians. Noises Heard In the Coffins. ' Ston after the cholera broke out the driv ers of teams who used to convey corpses to the cemetery began to talk about noises which they had heard in the coffins, and it whs soon rumored about the town that the doctors were burying people alive. The excitement culminated on July 3. It was Sunday, and special morning prayers against cholera had been offered up at the cathedral. At about 12 o'clock in the day some officers or" the sanitary corps were en gaged, iu the poorerpart of the city, remov ing some women who had been attacked by cholera. The men had ambulance wagons with them, and the removals were effected by means of long poles each armed at the end with a hook. As the women had to be lifted into the wagons by their clothing, some of them got lnghtened and clamored so loudly that a crowd of people came to their assist ance. The sanitary officials, together with the lew police accompanying them, were se Terely beaten by the populace. In its rage the mob threw one of the ambulance wag ons into the adjacent canal, and having made a bonCre of the other, deliberately killed an assistant physician who had tried to do his duty. Meanwhile a similar scene was being en acted in Selenia, the commercial quarter of the citfr, where the crowd not only mal treated the police, but mistaking a passer by for a doctor beat him to death. At 5 o'clock in the evening a mob of from 20,000 to 30,000 people proceeded to the cholera hospital in the Yangurchefi dis trict and there began to break the windows with stones. Having secured au entrance, they severely beat the doctors whom they found inside. The Tory ot the Slob. The mob killed several teldshers before they left the building, and. mistaking Feldsher Ponoflf for a doctor, threw him alive on a bonfire, where he was quickly burned to a cinder. During the attack on the hospital the Governor of the province of Astrakhan, who has his official residence in the city of Astrakhan, came upon the cene, accompanied by the local authorities and a body of Cossacks, but the military were as powerless to check the riot as were the appeals for order made by the Governor himself. The people were wild with rage, and did just as they liked. From the mined hospital the rioters pro ceeded to the cholera cemetery, and there began to draw coffins from the earth and open them. Here a discovery was made which, whatever explanation of it be forth coming, is alleged to be altogether beyond question, since it was observed by hun dreds of eye-witnesses, many of whom had no part in the proceedings of the rioters, but were present simply as spectators. Of the large number of coffins examined, four were found to contain bodies not yet dead cholera patients, in fact, who iu the haste of the moment had been prematurely buried. The people, horrified at the dis covery, first set to work to resuscitate the pseudo corpses, and having done this by taking the lime from their months and feeding them with milk and stimulants, conducted them to their homes. One of the buried men was a Tartar, who, though not of the orthodox Greek laith, devoutly made the sicn of the cross as soon as he was rescued, declaring that the doctors would j never catch him again. Baca .Against the Doctors. The. mob left the cholera cemetery with its wild rage against doctors and sanitary measures increased tenfold. For several hours it surged through the streets, beating or killing everyone who could be suspected of belonging to the hated profession. When the enraged people reached a hospital they would enter it and carry all the patients out into tne steppe ior -sarety; wen, re turning to the buildings, they would confis cate all the disinfecting material that could be found and scatter it to the four winds; all the lime preparations were in this way distributed over the steppe. In one part of the city the mob fired and burned to the ground the enormous brick building which the authorities had converted into a hospi tal, at the same time breaking up the am bulance wagons and making bonfires of the debris. The police who tried to dissuade the rioters were received with volleys of stones and dirt or beaten with clubs. The rioting was witnessed by the Governor and the Cossacks, but nothing was done at this stage of the proceedings to suppress the mob. "Why the military did not use their rifles is not known. It is claimed on the one hand that the Governor, who is a humane man, did not care to give the order to fire, ior fear that hundreds ot law-abiding peo ple, present only as spectators, would be in volved in the slaughter; on the other hand, it is stated that the soldiers were without cartridges. How utterly the rioters had their own way is shown by the fact that, while the brick hospital was burning, a fire engine company, which had driven up to put out the flames, were prevented from using their hose, and bad to stand idly by and watch the building burn to the ground. Stations Wrecked and Officers Beaten. Having destroyed the brick hospital, the mob went about burning police stations and beating police captains wherever these could be found. An attempt was finally made to set fire to the remaining hospitals in the city, bnt the lateness ot the hour and the activity of the soldiers dissuaded the peo ple from further rioting for that evening. Fatigued with their work the rioters sep arated to their homes, shouting as they did so that on the morrow they would kill all the doctors, and burn their houses to the ground. A panic reigned throughout the city, and the wakeful population spent the night in terror. Day had no sooner dawned on the Fourth of July than the mob again gathered, this time more numerous and formidable than ever. The first art of their reawakened frenzy was to smash and utterly destroy some free tea rooms which philanthropic persons had established and were conduct ing in the interest of workingmen,' the rioters declaring that the tea supplied in tbese rooms had been poisoned by the doc tors. By this time - the city seemed to be wholly surrendered to the mob, for the stores were closed and barricaded, and the police, to save their lives, were going about in plain clothes and savins nothing. Em boldened by their success of the previous day, the rioters proceeded to the Governor's house, and there called on the official head of the province to come out And explain to the people who it was that had ordered cholera patients to be buried alive. Mingled with these demands were cries that the doctors should be handed over to the riot ers, and that money and bread should be given to the people to enable those who wished to leave the city. Threats to smash the official building to pieces were freely used. . No Quarter Given to the Slob. The Governor's house is a large brick building of three stories, the basement of which is occupied by shops. On the one side it stands on Moscow street, and on the other faces a large open square in the center of which is a statue of Alexander II. These approaches to the building were quickly filled with an excited, gesticulating mob, whose deafening cries rendered any attempt to parley with them impossible. It was here that the Governor determined to make his stand. The man who had been forced to remain inactive while hospitals were being burned, doctors murdered and policemen beaten, now found himself able to draw the line at the smashing of his official residence. At the first signs of the attack he had in troduced a detachment of Cossacks into the building, and the precaution was not taken a moment tod soon. With a wild "hurrah!" the mob began to bombard the structure with boulders and paving stones taken from the street. But its first volley was its last. From the upper windows of the two sides of the building the soldiers fired down upon the closely packed crowd, and at once the cries of the dead and dying filled the air, among the killed being many of the rioters and a number of incautious spectators at tracted to the place out of curiosity. Most of the crowd now dispersed, and from the thinned ranks of the rioters, who bad re fused to believe that the Cossacks would fire on them, arose the cry: "Shoot onl It's better for us to die at once than to be buried alive!" Not a Doctor to Be Found. The soldiers fired two more volleys with blank cartridges to intimidate the mob, and then removed the dead and wounded to the Kremlin nearby. At 1 o'clock in the day, Moscow street, with 'its 'brain-bespattered aud blood-smeared pavements, had been cleared of the crowd, and order had also been restored in the adjacent thoroughfares. Patrols ot Cossacks were at once established in the principal streets, and the city is now under the mo.st rigorous martial law. At the last writing military reinforcements were hourly expected from Saratoft - The disturbance thus apparently quelled by the action of the Governor has, tor the time being, ruined the important business interests of Astrakhan. It effect on the sanitary measures taken to prevent the spread of cholera and on the general health ot the population is still more serious. "All the apothecary stores." writes a resident, "are closed, and there is not a doctor to be found in the whole city. The physicians, in fact, are in hiding. The sick people in the hospitals are totally without medical assistance, while even for ordinary ailments, to say nothing of cholera, there is no professional or medical aid to be ob tained anywhere." Nearly every household uses a, stimulant of some kind. None better known or more highly recommended than Klein's "Silver Age" and Duquesne Bye whiskies. Physi cians of hitch standing have vouched for the truth ot this over their signatures. These testimonials are shown In Max Klein's win dow, Federal street, Allegheny. Send to him for catalogue and price Use of all kinds of liquors. xwr It Is Cheaper to Go to the Seashore Than to Stay at Bom. This can he done by taking advantage of Pennsylvania Railroad seashore excursion Thursday, August 4. Special tratn leaves Union station at 8.50 a. m. Tickets good on regular trains same date at 4:80, 7:10 aud 8:10 r. it. Bate is SIO. Tickets good IS days, with privilege of stop off at Philadelphia on re tura trip. EXCURSION TO ATLANTIC CTTT ' TIa the U. & O. K. K., On next Thursday, July 28. Bate $10 the round trip, and tickets good for 12 days. Special trains leave depot at 8 a. x. and fho r. m. Secure jour parlor and sleeping car accommodations early. Boom Renters and Boarding; Houses Who Have Used The Dispatch's Cent-a-Word advertis ing columns under Wanted Boarders and Booms To Let find it the best. PREMIERS OF AMERICA. in Interesting Historical Sketch of the Secretaries of State. THE MENTAL CAPACITY OP MANY Far OTershadowedThat of Their EespectiTe Presidents! Chiefs. LIGHTS OJf THE POLITICAL FIRMAMENT ' John W. Foster is the thirty-second on the list of Secretaries' of State, while Ben jamin Harrison, iu whose Cabinet he serves, is only the twenty-third man who has fig ured on the roll of Presidents. Heads of the State Department have exceeded the Presidents in number; so also, in the gen eral average, have they surpassed them in ability. This official is the most important member of the President's Ministerial Council. His office takes precedence of all others in the Cabinet. At the beginning of the Government he was sometimes called the Secretary of Foreign Affairs, a title by which the corresponding officer in the leading European governments is known. Their is a certain propriety in this title, ior through the State Department all intercourse between our Government and the other nations of the world takes place, says Frederick S. Schilling in the St. Louis Olobe-DanoeraL Presidents and Premiers on the Same Level. .In the first two or three administrations the balanoe in ability and public experi ence may be considered to have been fairly level as between the Presidents and the Premiers. Jefferson, the first Secretary of State, served in the Legislature of Virginia, as Uovernor ot tnat state, in the uonti nental Congress and as Minister to France under the confederation before going into Washington's Cabinet, yet this record, per haps, can be fairly onset by Washington's service as commander in chief of the army during eight years of war, and in the con vention which framed the Constitution, over which body he presided. At theaime when Jefferson obtained the portfolio of State he was famed chiefly for his authorship of the Declaration of Independence, and for his tendencies toward political and social radicalism. He was succeeded in the State Department by Edmund Bandolph, who had been Attorney General in the same Cabinet previously, and who before that time had held several offices in Virginia, and had been a member of the Continental Congress and of the convention which framed the Federal Constitution. Timothy Pickering stepped into Ran dolph's place on the latter's retirement. Pickering had previously been a Postmaster General and a Secretary of War under Washington, and, before the foundation of the Government under the Constitution he had filled several offices in Massachusetts. Like Jefferson and Bandolph, Pickering was one of the best known men of his time. This comprises the list of men who held the portfolio of State in the eight years' service of Washington in the Presidency. Two Secretaries In One Term. In the four years of the first Adams' ser vice as President there were two Secretar ies of State Timothy Pickering and John Marshall. Pickering had come over from Washington's administration. Presidents in those days sometimes kept some of their predecessor's Cabinet in office. Adams held on to nearly all of Washington's. Marshall succeeded Pickering near th; end of Adams' administration. This was the reat John Marshall, who had previously een a soldier in the war for independence, a member ot tne Continental Congress, an envoy to France, and a member of Congress under the Constitution, and subsequently was Chief Justice of the United States Su preme Court for dver 34 years, serving longer in that tribunal than any man who sat in it before or since his time. John Adams was President when Marshall went to the head ot the court, and on his death in that office Andrew Jackson was in the White House. He pronounced more opin ions on constitutional law than any man who ever sat in the great Federal tribunal. He himselt is reported to have said that if he were to be considered in the future worthy of remembrance, his best biography would be found iu his decisions in the Su preme Court. The Stepping Stone to the Presidency. James Madison was the Secretary of State under Jefferson, Bobert Smith and James Monroe under Madison and John Quincy Adams under Monroe. Thus this post came to be known as a stepping stone to the Pres idency. Madison, Monroe and John Quincy Adams went direct from the chief office of the Cabinet to the highest post under ihe Government, while Jefferson had also held the office of Secretary ot State before going to the post ot Executive, but he did not step at once from the lower office to the higher, for the Vice Presidency came to him in the interval. Smith is not well remembered, but Madison, Monroe and Adams were, even before their eleva- tion to the White House, among the first citizens of the land. Madison and Monroe, who belonged to the Virginia dynasty, were distinguished men in their State before the Government under the Constitntion was founded. Both had been members of the State Legislature and of the Continental Congress. Madison was one of the framers of the Federal Constitution, and from his activity and influence in this work he has been called the "Father of the Constitu tion." Monroe had been a soldier in the war for independence, and each also served in Congress under the Constitution before reaching the' post ot Secretary of State. Madison was the last to die ot all the men who signed the Constitution, while Monroe was the last of the men' who figured in the army or in politics at the time of the lie vo lution to reach the Presidency. Adams, who was the next Secretary of State to Monroe, and who also succeeded Monroe in the Presidency, was only eight years old wnen tne "emnattied tarmers at Concord "fired the shot heard round the world." He was, perhaps, the ablest of all the men who, held the post of Secretary of State up to his time, with the exception of Jefferson. He had, in the latter years of the eighteenth century, been Minister to the Netherlands and to Prussia, served in the Legislature of his State and in the United States Senate in the first decade of the nineteenth century, and was later on Minister to Russia, before going to the head of Monroe's Cabinet. Jlenry Clay the Ninth Premier. Henry Clay was the Secretary of State during the second Adams' Presidency. He was the ninth man on the list of Premiers, wbile Adams was the sixth President." The great Kentuckian at this time was at the height of his fame and in the full vigor of his mental and physical powers. He had served in the Legislature of his State, in the United States Senate, and in the House of Representatives, and had been Speaker of tne latter ooay iorauoutten years, a period never equaled in aurauon oeiore or since by any incumbent of that post. In the year preceding his entrance into the Cabinet he nod been a candidate for the Presidency. This was in the celebrated scrub race of 1824, when feur men Adams, Clay, Jack son and William H. Crawford received electoral votes. None of the four ob- taining a majority, the election went to the House ot Bepresentatives, where Clay threw his support to Adams and elected him. Van Buren Was an Expert Politician. Ihe man who succeeded Clay in the office of Secretary of State was Martin Van Buren, who later on went to the Presidency. Van Buren had had considerable political experience before he went to the head of Jackson's Cabinet, He tilled several offices in his State, including that of Governor, served eight years in the United States Senate, and, as founder and director of the celebrated "Albany Begenoy," he had a National reputation as a party organizer and leader. His services as Secretary of State was only about two years, when he resigned. Then, in succession, Edward Livingston, of Louisiana, John McLane, of Delaware, and "John Forsyth, of Georgia, were at the head of the State Department under Jackson." None of these men are re membered now by the general reader, although they were prominent figures in their time. Livingstone was a New Yorker by birth, being a conspicuous member of the well known family of that name in that State. He represented a New York district in Con gress six or eight years, and was then Mayor of New York City, after which he removed to New Orleans. He was on General Jackson's staff at the battle with the British near that city, and afterward represented the Creole State in both branches of Congress before going into the Cabinet. McLane, his successor as Secretary of State, served in both branches of Congress, as Minister to England and as Secretary ot the' Treasury under Jackson, before he was made Premier. Forsyth, who took the post alter MCiane s retirement, and wno neia it through the remainder of Jackson's service in the Presidency and through all of Van Buren's, also served in both branches of Congress before going to the Cabinet, and was Minister to Spain. Webster V as Greater Than Harrison. Along to this time a balance in point of ability and experience was maintained pretty fairly between the Presidents and the Premiers. Comparisons are odious, but the fact will be patent to anybody who glances over the roll of Presidents and Sec retaries of Slate since Jackson's days that the latter officials, as a whole, have sur passed the former in administrative capac ity and in knowledge of political issues. Webster, of course, wno was at the head of the State Department under William H. Harrison, and who held the post during about half of Tyler's service in the Presi dency, was immeasurably superior to eitherin intellectual power. He also eclipsed Fillmore, iu whose Cabinet he served subsequently. The contrast between the first Harrison and his Premier, was especi ally striking. So far as we are able to judge from his political record before going to the Presidency, and especially from his utterances and acts during the month in which he served in that office, Harrison would have been a conspicuous failure as an executive, yet his chief subordinate, the head ot his official family, was one ot the greatest of all America's statesmen and the greatest, without any exception, of all America's orators. It could be Said of Webster with much more truth than it was said of Shakspeare's Henry V., that Turn liim to any cause of policy, The Gordlan knot of It lie will unloose. The Secession of the South. And he outshone Tyler and Fillmore al most as completely as he had done Harri son. Although these three men are en rolled on the lists of Presidents their re cords have long since been forgotten by the mass ot intelligent readers. They are mere names, while Webster's service forms an epoch in this history of the nation, and some of his act, notably his reply to Hayne, which aroused the love of the Union throughout the North and revealed the ruin which would come from "States dissevered, discordant, belligerent," and "a land reut with civil feuds, or drenched in fraternal blood," stands as a landmark in the nation's annals. That utterance, which was made in 1830, defeated, in the opin ion of a prominent Southern authority, the desire ot the South a third of a century later to secede. Secession had previouslv been talked about in the North as well as in the South as a probable outcome of sectional disputes which had previously arisen, but which threatened to reach more alarming propor tions in the future. Had this speech of Webster's never been delivered many of the country's statesmen and writers of thirty or forty years ago believed that no serious at tempt would have been made in 1861 by the Government to prevent the Southern States from going out of the Union. Secretaries Superior to the Presidents. Hugh S. Legare, Abel P. Upshur and jonn ia uainoun, louowea weostenn this order in the post of Secretary of State in the ' Tyler administration, and Edward Everett succeeded him in the Fillmore re gime. All of these men, with the excep tion perhaps of Upshur, were the intel lectual superiors of the Presidents they served under. Leeare was a highly nronii- nent man in his day, although his name is seldom seen now, while Calhoun was the greatest of all Southern public men except Clay, and formed one of the big triumvi rate of statesmen, the others being Web ster and Clay, which dominated politics for nearly a generation before 1850. Everett had previously served many years in Con gress, and several terms as Governor of Massachusetts, and was one of the most learned of all our statesmen, and one of the most brilliant of all our orators. James Buchanan, who was Secretary of State under Polk; John M. Clayton, who held the same office under Taylor, and William L. Marcy, who was in "that post in Pierce's administration, were greater men intellectually than their superiors. Buchanan at that time was in the height of his powers and usefulness. He had been in public life a quarter of a century, serving in both branches of Congress and as Minis ter to Kussia beiore going to Polk's Cabi net, and received votes for President in the convention which nominated Polk before the latter was mentioned or thought of in connection with the candidacy. Clayton was a prominent member of the Senate be fore anybody ever dreamed that any con vention would ever put up Taylor for the Presidency or any other political office, while Marcy was a conspicuous figure in the nation at large before Pierce was heard ot outside ot New Hampshire. print's Xams Was Furely Military. When Buchanan went to the Presidency he found himself somewhat overshabowed by his Secretary of State, Lewis Cass. Buchanan had before this time lost nearly all ambition to become President, had ceased to Beek the office, and had voluntarily re tired to private life, .with the intention of keeping out of politics for the rest of his day. He was the oldest man, next to W. H. Harrison, ever elected President, being C6 years of age at the time. Cass was older, however, than his official superior, but years sat on him more lightly and political ambition remained with him later. Jeremiah S. Black, who succeeded Cass near the end of the Buchanan administration, was pre viously Attorney General in the same Cab inet, and was one of the best known and most accomplished jurists in the country. The remaining Secretaries of State, down to the accession of the present ineumbent, were William H. Seward, Elihu B. Wash burne, Hamilton Fish, William M. Evarts, James G. Blaine, Frederick T. Frelinghuy sen and Thomas F. Bayard, all of whom were national figures before going to the chief place in the Presidental Ministerial Council. Seward served under Lincoln and Johnson, Washbnrne and Fish under Grant, Evarts under Hayes, Blaine under Garfield and Harrison, Frehnghuysen un der Arthur and Bayard under Cleveland. Each of these men was a bigger figure on the national stage than was the President who appointed him at the time of the lat ter's'nomiuation to the Presidency (or the yicepresidency in the case of Arthur), un less we make an exception in favor of Grant. Grant's fame, however, at the time of his nomination was military solel v. The present Secretary of State has had less poli tical experience than did any of his prede cessors. In this instance, at any rate, the President overshadows his chief official ad viser. The EklU and Knowledge Essential to the production of the molt per fect and popular laxative remedy known, have enabled the California Fig Syrup Co. to achieve a gi eat success in the reputation of Its remedy, Syrup of rigs, as it is con ceded to be the universal laxative.. Tor sale by all druggists. Have Ion a Vacant Boom And wish a tenant for it? Then do as hundreds of others have done advertise Itln the To Let Booms Cent-a-Word advertising columns of The Dispatch. A GROWING INDUSTRY Is the Making of Pearl Buttons in Newark, Now It Is Protected. THE TARIFF HAS DOUBLED WAGES. Manufacturer Kicks Since It Lowers 'Prices hy Competition. FACTS FOB FEEE TRADERS TO PONDER New York. July 2G. The Republicans of Newark are already making an active canvass in behalf of Harrison and Beid, and they find much encouragement in the attitude of manufacturers on the subject of protection, as there is a general feeling among the latter class that the McKinley act has been a decided benefit, not only to the manufacturers, but to employes as well. Vhen the Bepublicans desire a striking illustration of the benefits of a protective tariff in building up an industry, they point to the pearl-button trade, which, under the eilectsofthe McKinley law, has increased from a small and unimportant industry, which had a hard struggle for existence, to a large and flourishing business, engaging the efforts of more than a score of firms with large capital and valuable machinery, and giving employment to several thousand persons. Three years ago there were only about half a dozen firms in the city of Newark that were engaged in the manufacture of pearl buttons or pearl goods of any kind, and even then they often had a bard time to keep their factories running, in consequence of the fact that the duty on pearl buttons was only 25 per cent ad valorem. W hat the McKinley Lair Has Done. Under the McKinley low a duty of 2f cents a line was imposed, in addition to the 25 per cent duty. Under this law there is a chance for American manufacturers to show what they can do, and the pearl but ton makers of Newark are taking advantage of the benefits afforded them under the Mc Kinley bill to the fullest extent, and, al though this is now usually a dull season in this trade, every firm in this line of busi ness is now running its factory on full time and to its utmost capacity. A reporter, who made a tour of the Newark pearl button factories the other day, was unable to find more than one manufacturer who was not heartily in favor of the McKinley bill, and he frankly admitted that he was a free-trader, and he also admitted that a protective tariff was an excellent thing for the workingman, and had stimulated trade, but he declared that it was not a good thing for the manu facturer, as it caused too much competition and kept the price of manufactured goods down too low. He said: "If you won't publish my name, I will talk to you, but I don't want my name published, as I don't care to get into a con troversy over this matter. I am not in favor of the MeKinley bill, because lam a free trader, and then, too, I don't think it has been a good thing for the manufacturers. It Makes Loner Prices and Competition. "There have been, of course, a good many people going into the business, and this has created such a lively competition among the manufacturers that we have to sell our goods at very low rates, and there is little profit in the business for us. At the same time we are obliged to pay our hands higher wages than we did belore the McKinley bill was passed, as there is now more de mand far labor. "At the same time we are selling our man ufactured goods at a much lower rate than we did before the bill became a law, for the reason that a large number of new factories that have sprung up under its operation have caused a competition that has com pelled us to lower our prices to such an ex tent that even with the present high tariff shutting ont foreign competition, buttons are sold cheaper to-day than they ever were before. The effect of the Republican pro tective tariff has been greatly to increase the wages of the workingman, and also to prevent the concentration of the trade in the hands of a few manufacturers, as it was three years ago, when five or six firms con trolled the whole trade in this city, and as I regard the competition as ruinou3. 1 shall support Cleveland and Stevenson." One of the most enthusiastic advocates of the benefits of the McKinley bill to the pearl button industry is Thomas A. Webb, who is one ot the pioneers in that trade. The Story of a Business Enterprise, Mr. Webb started in business in the Nassau Works, Newark, a few years ago, and since the passage of the McKinley bill his business has increased to such an ex tent that he has been compelled to make arrangements for the erection of a building 100 feet long, 32 feet wide, and three stories high in which to carry on his factory. "My business," said Mr. Webb, "began with eight employes. To-day I employ over 100. When my new. factory is com pleted I shall have between 250 and 300 hands at work. My orders now amount to between 5150,000 and 5170,000 a year. Be fore the passage of the McKinley bill I was forced to be content with 52,500. The reason for this improvement is that there are large factories in Bohemia which used to supply our market through the jobbers and middlemen of New York; The Bohemian workmen were employed at starvation wages, such as no American operative could exist upon, and conse quently the manufacturers in that country could make up the goods there, ship them to this country, pay the duty upon them and still undersell their American compe titors. To-day all this is changed. Many of the Bohemian shops stand idle wbile the American factories are doing a large trade which is constantly increasing. There is no industry in the country which has prospered so rapidly as the pearl button business has under the McKinly bill." All Connected With the Industry Benefited. A member of the Newark Pearl Novelty Company whose factory is at No. 272 Mar ket street, said he would indorse all that Mr. Webb had said, and addd "that an in spection of the books of the company would show that the McKinley bill benefits every body connected with the industrv." Mr. Greissing, of the firm of Greising & Knorles, of Elm street, said: "The Mc Kinley bill is the best thing in the world for the pearl goods industry both for the employers and the employed. Before the passage of that law nearly all the pearl buttons were made abroad. To-day nearly 3,000 persons are employed in this trade in Newark alone, and the indications are that the number will be constantly increasing. There are 25 factories to-day in this city, where before the passage of "the McKinley bill there were only five, and often those five did not work all the time. Now all the pearl goods factories are running on full time and the operatives are making good wages. Under the old tariff, pearl buttons came in under a duty of 25 per cent. The McKinley bill imposes a duty of 2J cents a line in addition to the 25 per cent duty." The reporter suggested to Mr. Greissing tnat tne general public did not understand what a "line" meant, and Mr. Greissing continued: A Trchnleal Term Exp'alnrd. "I will explain this to you. A line is one-fortieth of an inch. Here is a card con taining 24 shirt buttons. That is what we call a 22-line button. Before the passage of the McKinley bill there was only an ad valorem duty of 25 per cent on these goods. Under the wretched system of wages paid in Austria and Bohemia it was possible to manufacture these buttons in these coun tries, ship them to America, pay the duty on them and undersell oar manufacturers, who were compelled to pay their operatives living wages. Now, how ever, under the McKinley bill these pauper made foreign goods are shut out'of the market, for the duty on tbem is too high to make it profitable to bring them here. v Before the McKinley bill wu passed these buttons that I have showed yon could be imported and sold to jobbers at 10 cents a gross. Now the line duty is 16 and 20 cents. In Austria or Bohemia these goods are often made in garrets or cellars, the whole family working on them and each person receiving only a few cents a day. Here our operatives work in pleasant, well lighted, well ventilated rooms, and receive wages varying from 15 to $24 a week, and another thing to be borne in mind is that we make better buttons here than are made abroad. Our operatives are neatly dressed and have comfortable home. A member of the firm of W-haton Brothers said: "Before the McKinley bill was passed the average wages of pearl button makers were 8 50 and 512. To-day they are 18 and 524. Buttons are cheaper now than they were before the McKinley bill was passed. The only complaint I have to make Is tnat tne duty is not high enough. Wages are so low in the old country that they can still make the smaller grades and undersell us in spite of the high duty." HEAVY OCEAN TEAVEL. Steamship Companies Aiming to Make the Journey Across in B 1-3 Dars. Captain J. J. McCormick, the steamship agent, sat in his office yesterday mopping his brow, but attending to business and not saying a word about the heat He remarked that the travel to Europe this summer was ahead of anything in the history of the business. He has 30 first cabin pas sengers booked to leave from Pittsburg on the City of Paris Angust 3. He declined to give their names. The captain estimates that over 1,500 fi'st and second cabin tickets have been pur chased in his office this summer, and the number of steerage is legion. Ocean travel is increasing so rapidly that some of the lines are ordering new boats. The Cunard and White Star are having two each built, and the Inman recently let a contract tor four. All of these vessels, when finished, will be larger and faster than any steamer afloat The aim is to mke an average of 54 days to England. LATE NEWS IN BRIEF.. The Garza forces are said to be reorgan izing. The Idaho militia has been withdrawn from Cceur d'Alene. A. hail storm devastated whole farms near Lakefleld, Minn. A Cuban revolutionary club has been formed at Jacksonville, Fia. Sioux Indian are preparing to exhibit a village at the World's Fair. Sin Francisco felt a little earthquake tremor early yesterday morning. Wisconsin towns have been sending aid to the Are sufferers of Iron river. President Diaz says the decline in the price of silver Is hurting Mexico. Bev. Father Sylvester Malone, of Brook lyn, has declared for Harrison and Beid. Three cases of smallpox have been dis covered among Japanese at Boise, Idaho. W. Jj. Wilson has been renominated for Congress by the Democrats of Grafton, W. Va. A iTew Tork electrician ha Invented a switch board that does away with the tele phone gtrl. United States authorities In Idaho have arrested 25 more prisoners in connection with the mining troubles. The United States revenue cutter Wal cott has seized the schooner Sybil, of Van couver, for smuggling Chinese. The British Columbians are ready to give $125 000 bonds for the release of the Coquit land and her cargo of sealskins. James Shelper was sentenced at Spring field, 111, to 18 rears' imprisonment for im personating a United States officer. Ex-President Bogran, of Hondnraa, has fled to the United States, and President Leiva is anxious for peace at any price. The TFilneuand the Herald, of Montreal, urges the Dominion Government to concili ate the United States on the oanal question. Beaver Falls Amalgamated men will hold a demonstration Fridav evening. Huiu. O'Donnell and Burgess McLuckle have been invited. Henry F. Hardy, a notorious bank rob ber, has been captured in Germany, where he has been plying bis profession and living at a high rate or speed. Bertman, the Anarchist, Is said to have spent three years in Kansas and Colorado, where he occasionally broke out In violent and unaccountable ireaks. Local Union No. 8, of the United Brother hood of Carpenters and Joiners, has not de termined to remove the office of the Genera) Secretary from Philadelphia. Ford Fulkerson, a New Castle young man, found and removed an obstruction on the E. & P. track on a bridge a heavy piece of timber spiked to the end. of the bridge. A quarrel between a civilian and a sol dier at Alameda, Spain, Monday blossomed ont Into a riot. The troops fired upon the mob, killing two and' wounding nine of them. r, The corpse of Felix SeeJ. a blacksmith, was found in the ruins of (be Bohrbaoker block In Akron, which burned Sunday. He left currency and bank certificates in his room amounting to $10,400. The image of the Virgin Is claimed to have been miraculously discovered in the foundation of a church which Is being built In St Petersburg on the spot where Czar Alexander XIL was murdered. The Mexican Supreme Military Court has confirmed the death sentence against Colonel Nieves Hernandez. The sentence will un doubtedly be commuted by President Diaz, in view of the Colonel's past services. At Fort McKlnney, Wyo., Kaiser, a sol dier under arrest, confessed that he was hired to plow up the buildings In which the stockmen were confined when brought from the T. A. ranch. Acting on his confession, the building was searched and a bomb was found under the floor. During a performance by an itinerant theatrical company at Bneil, near Versailles, France, Monday night, a row of benches, on which over 800 spectators were seated, gave way, precipitating the occupants to the ground. Eighty were more or less injured. Inquiry into the affair showed all the iron bolts holding the building together had been wilfully loosened. Joseph Cook took occasion In a lecture at Waseca, Minn., Monday to say this: "The shooting of Mr. Frick la a severe blow to the Amalgamated Association, and will result In ending the strike. My sympathies have always been with the workmen, but without the defiance of law. The strikers' great mis take was their tyranny against non-union men. The opposition to right of private contract is unfair, and this action of the strikers toward the non-union men Is a tyranny worse than King George ever ap plied to this country." A complicated suit has been tried in London. A money lender has brouzht suit azalnst Colonel Fltz-George, son of the Duke ot tamoriage, on a aisnonorea Din ior xwo, ana uoionei ruz-ueorge had In. turn insti tuted proceedings against one B. E. Link, a company promoter, who he sought to com- Fel to indemnify him in the amount named, t seems that on Link's assurance a large bonus and dividend would be' paid Colonel Fltz-George he Invested in a Bussian fietrolenm company, signing a note for JE500. le never, howover, received any shares of the company's stock. Justice Bruce ordered that Colonel Fltz-George pay the money lender the amount claimed, and that Link should indemnify him. Ifo Person In town, suffering from piles, but what would prefer the easiest method of being ucred. No knife, no pain, but a sure cure for piles by using Hill's Pile Pomade. A printed guarantee with each package. .By mall $1, six for 5. Try It to-night. Tor "ale by Jos. Fleming ft Son, 112 Market street- Death Creeps on TJ Unawares. We all have to meet the grim reaper tome time or other. You will have to meet him. Perhaps to-moirow. Perhaps not for 59 years. Be prepared for either by insuring in the Equitable Life Assurance Society. If you die your family is sale. It you live '.'0 years you getyour moneyback with interest. Epward A. Woods, Manager, 616 Market street, Pittsburg. Boom Beaters and Boarding House Who Have Used The Dispatch's Cent-a-Word advertis ing columns under Wanted Boarders and Booms To Let find it the best Dx Witt's Little Early Bisers. Best pill for biliousness, sick headache, malaria. WAiKia'fl Family SojlT contains no free alkali, and will not irritate and redden the skin. jtwt Wx paok and store furniture. Hauqb ft Kzmur, 33 Wafer street wsu TURN M GUAM. )Jc VULJl sflH sssssskflCVlallV l oryr. WE ARE TURNING OUT CLQTHilS Better and better every day. None can excel or duplicate our make. All the resources of Jine workmanship have been brmlght to bear on our fine suits. We have given people some splendid bargains, but the line of suits we have reduced to $8, $10 and $12 surpass all our former efforts. To satisfy yourself of the truth of this statement, one glance at our show window will convince you beyond doubt that they are bargains with the bigB. Should you not be in want of a suit or only a pair of trousers, ask for our Favorite $2.25 Trousers. You've never seen such values before. We're turning them out to our cus tomers very fast. So don't be too late if you want a pair of our All-wool Favorites at $2.25. 954 AND 956 LIBERTY ST. jy24-73-mr Midsummer is the cheapest time to make advertising contracts, either transient or an nual. The advts. privi leged to start any time up to October 1. All classes of pa pers. REMINGTON BROS., Pittsburg, Pa, Telephone No. 1484. jyU-w WHAT TO EAT is a difficult problem with many people because but few articles of food agree with them. The doctor say AVOID GREASE and the result is unpalata ble food. The reason the physician objects to grease is because lard is the article most used, and every phy sician knows that hog lard in any shape is unhealthy and indigestible. Every one interested in pure and healthful food hails with joy the new product GOTTOLENE which is composed of pure cottonseed oil and pure beef suet nothing else not even salt. It is better than either lard or butter for all cooking jjoses, and one pound of Cottolene will do as much as two pounds of lard or butter, and it costs less than either. ' Every housekeeper that 4 tries Cottolene will find in it just what she wants. Beware of imitations get the geniune of your grocer N.K. FAIRBANKS CO., CHICAGO. PITTSBURQH AGENTS: " F. SELLERS & CO. f-crmL ARTIST AND PHOTOGRAPHS 18SIHH STBEET. Cabinet, SS tn'SM per doxee; vetltes, St toastn. Teleraone 1TSU ar&ft-xwTM BSSSsS toP m
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers