iiiii w T ( 1HE PITTSBTJKGr DISPATCH, WEDNESDAY, JTTLT 6. 1893. t Bigpftlj. m ESTABLISHED FEBRUARY 8, 186 Vrl. 47. Ko. ia ,-Entered at Pittsburg Postoffice November, 1SS7, as second-class matter. Business Office Corner Smithfield and Diamond Streets. News Rooms and Publishing House 78 and 80 Diamond Street, in New Dispatch Building. EAFTFHTf AIWFRTISINO OFFin?, ROOM 78. TRIBUNE BUILDING. Kir TORE, -where com pWe flies of THE DISPATCH can always be lonnd. Foreign adTertlsers appreciate the convenience. Home advertisers and friends of THE DISPATCH. hlle In New York, are also made -welcome. THE DISPATCH it reoitlarly m talent Brtntana't. tlVMcri Sqvar. few lor, and 17 Ave deVOpera. ran. trance, ehre anyone who has been disap pointed at a hotel news stand can obtain it. TERMS OF THE UISPATCH. POSTAGE ntEK IN THE C1TITB.D BTATIS. OAII.T HisrATCH. One Year I R Daily Dispatch, Vcr Qnartcr 100 Dailt Dispatch, OneMonth 70 Dailt Dispatch. Including Snnaay. 1 year.. 10 00 Daily Dispatch, Including Snndav. Sin'ths. I B0 JJailt Dispatch, Including Sunday, 1 m'th.. 90 BtrsDAT DiSPATcn. One Year 550 W'eeklt Dispatch. One Year 155 The Daily Disfatch Is delivered by carriers at tt ccnlc per week, or, including Sunday Edition, at If cent per -week. riTTSBUKG. WEDNESDAY. JULY 6.1312. TWELVE PAGES JHE SHYER FIGHT. The silver battle was renewed in the House yesterday by a fight over the re ference of the Senate bill which threatens to arrest business indefinitely. The lead ers in the struggle, which was most ef fective in breaking a quorum on the votes for reference, were the anti-silver Demo crats from the East, who are using every means to prevent the fastening on their party of the burden of free silver coinage. So far as the Republicans are concerned they are quite justified in keeping out of the fight They can well afford to let the bill pass both branches, and be vetoed by the President, thus making the stand of the Republican party on that question clear and indisputable. As this will probably be the result of the struggle in any event, it seems as if the desperate fight of the anti-silver Democrats is wasted energy. The most salient aspect of such a fight Is its illustration of the inefficiency of po litical methods existing when a measure favored by an overwhelming majority of the members, cannot command a quorum even on the vote to refer it to a commit tee. THE OUTLOOK LN ENGLAND. The returns from the boroughs in the English elections so far as received show Liberal gains, though not all that the san guine among that party have hoped for. In the 101 elections reported up to yester day afternoon the Liberals had gained 11 seats, the Conservatives 2, and the Liberal Unionists 1. The net Liberal gain there fore is 8, without any of the elections of this week included in the returns. The Tory organs discover in these re turns the fact that the same ratio of gain will not give the Liberals a majority, while the Liberals declare that they only leave the question as to what the majority shall be. It is true that a gain of but 8 per cent on the total would not give Home Rule a majority in the House of Com mons; but against that is tho fact that the boroughs reported constitute in most cases the strength of the Conservative party. Of the 104, only 30 elected Liber al members in 1880. A more reliable basis of calculation is afforded by the vote as majorities. These show that the Liberal majorities have beev, restored about" as they existed in 1885, when Gladstone se cured a control in the House of Commons that was only broken by the defection as the Liberal-Unionists. It is probable that the actual result will be somewhere betweeen the presentations of the Tories and the Liberals, or a fair working majority, but not a very large one, for the friends of Home Rule. GOVERNMENTAL PATRONAGE. The French newspapers are disclosing a troublesome feature In French politics, closely akin to one which is prominent in our own nation.bv their cynical comments on the interpellation of a Deputy against the "abuse of solicitations for office re ceived from the electors by the Deputies and transmitted hy them to the Minis ters." Figaro, which journal is by no means friendly to the republic, asks what chance of re-election the Deputy would have who should refuse to recommend a constituent to office on the ground that he was uufit for it, and asserts that the elec tor considers the Deputy in debt for an of fice and the republic to be a government for the people in the sense that it is to fur nish offices for as many of them as pos sible. While there is undoubtedly too much foundation for these assertions that spoils politics prevail in the French republic as in our own, the reproach of an organ affected to ward the monarchical system on this score is peculiarly insincere. The trading in offices by deputies as the price of their loyalty to the Government, the distribution of patronage solely on ac count of political support, and the general corruption and servility of political mo tives that accompanies such a system were ' ten fold worse under the Empire and monarchy than under the Republic. The rule of Louis Napoleon was prob ably the most corrupt that France has known in the present century; yet the portrayal of political lire under the Bour bon and Orleans dynasties, by Balzac, who was a royalist by political faith, proves how utterly such systems are swayed by the motives of favoritism and servility. While the two republics of the world make open complaint of their spoilsmen, it is the fact that the use of governmental patronage for reward or punishment is worse in every monarchy of the world than under republican govern ment. The exception of England does not count against the rule, for England is, except for the empty title, as clearly self governed as the United States or France. The republics should strive to abolish the evils of spoils politics for their own sake, and for the elevation of their politi cal system. But monarchists who sneer at republican government for this evil, do so in spite of the fact that monarchy is worse in that respect, as in many others. PATTISON AND THE NOMINATION. Our esteemed Democratic cotemporary, the Harrisburg Patriot, which is not understood to be inspired with an uncon trollable fund of love for the Pattison ad ministration, devotes considerable space in the interest of political history, to set ting forth what it regards as the truth about Governor Pattison's chances for the Presidental nomination at Chicago, and the relations of the Pattison wing of the Democracy toward Mr. Cleveland. Its .feH 'jt&3NkJJskci statement of the case starts out with the denial of two assertions from Pattison circles, namely, that Pattison's name was not -presented, first, on account of the loyalty of Pattison to Cleveland, and second, because Pattison's nomination could only have come from the Cleve land men. It combats this attitude by amplifying in detail the as sertions tliat Pattison thought only of his own chances; that the anti-Pattison people skillfully drew Mr. Harrity into such pledges to Cleveland that he could not go back on them; that there was opportunity to have brought Pattison into the field by a combination with the anti-Cleveland forces, and to have secured large neutral elements; and finally that a magnificent chance for Pennsylvania was thrown away by the failure to improve the opportunities to put the Governor in the field. Somehow when these assertions are put in bold juxtaposition, instead of being amplified in a column's space, they sug gest slight inconsistencies except as em phasizing the fact that the Pattison men did stick to Cleveland in spite of all tempta tions. But such inconsistencies are noth ing to the active element which before the State convention raised the alarm that the Pattison forces could not be trusted to stick to Cleveland, and at the National convention indulged in vociferous kicks because they did so. ALL IN THE SAME BOAT. Those who have daily sight of the thriv ing towns built up through Pennsylvania and adjacent States under the protective system need no further argument in sup port of Its benefits. Had foreign manu facturers been allowed to ship their steel, their iron, their glass and other wares to the Americau markets free of duty, these hives of industry with which Pennsylva nia, Ohio and West Virginia are dotted could not have come into existence. The farmer would still be plowing the fields where now stand Braddock, Jeannettc, Ford City, Charleroi and fifty other thriv ing towns which have sprung up around us within the past twentyyears. If the foreign manufacturer is tohe allowed now to invade the American market with the products of the cheaper Labor of Europe, the effect upon the interests of the three States named upon the invested capital of the manufacturer, the wages of the worKingman, toe business ot the mer chant, the rental of the real estate owner can be so well understood beforehand that no one can profess indifference to it The principle of keeping our industries alive in place of buying from foreigners is so essentially the life-principle of business in this part of the world that there can be no pretense of a split about it, even among partisans. So long as the immedi ate interests of the Democratic manufact urer, or Democratic workingman, or Democratic merchant of Pennsylvania are threatened, equally with those of the Re publican manufacturer, Republican work ingman or Republican merchant, he has as much at stake as his neighbor, and can afford to regard with no greater compla cency the adoption of the free trade folly by his party. Of course the argument will be heard in some quarters that the Democratic party leaders, if they get into power, will go slow and not abandon the protective system anyhow. This is a pleasant sort of optimism, but we see no foundation for it When year after year, In the face of suc cessive defeats, such men as Carlisle, Watterson, Morrison and Cleveland not only stick to their free trade hobby, but become bolder than ever in declaring it, .why should they be expected to abandon "it if they win next November? Will 'a popular indorsement render them less strong or less disposed to carry out their ideas? With a direct, square issue such as is now made between the protective system ana iree traae, wnat wouia a Democratic victory for President and Con gress in November mean, if not the intro duction and passage of free trade meas ures? It is not, however, merely Pennsylvania, Ohio, the New England and some of the Southern manufacturing States which would suffer from a withdrawal of this protective policy, but the whole country. Everyone can remember how the collapse of the manufacturing industries in 73 was followed by years of universal depression, during which tramps and paupers multi plied in every direction, and every trade and calling suffered. There were farms to be had then as now and upon cheaper terms than now, but they did not draw the thou sands of unemployed from the cities in which they continued at times in bitter distress and misery. The convulsion was disastrous to all classes. And, as it was the collapse of the great manufacturing industries, for want of demand for their products, which initiated the long period of distress from 73, so on the other hand it was the revival of the iron and steel industry in 79 which ushered in the era of prosperity and enormous growth which the country, with but slight interruptions, has enjoyed since. These are simple facts, recent enough to be remembered, yet they are worth carrying in mind when the idea of knock ing out the protective system and opening American markets to foreign wares is so glibly and cheerfully put forward by pol iticians who give no evidence of any deeper consideration or knowledge of the practical bearings of the change than springs from a fancied compulsion upon them to oppose protection because an tagonistic politicians favor it The pro posal to hand over the vast industries of the country to experiments, whose doom is forshadowed by all previous experi ence, is midsummer madness which will not be entertained when people come to think seriously over it between now and November. BELLAMYISM AT OMAHA. The nomination of General Weaver by the People's party gives that organization the status of a revival of the Greenback Labor party of the later 70's with the ad dition of a weak infusion of Bellamy na tionalism. The character, as well as fate, of the soft-money political movement was suffi ciently determined in 1876 and 1878. The status of Bellamyism as a new principle on which to appeal for popular approval is a newer thing. Owing to tbe extremely hazy nature of its propositions there might be some question as to the public estimate of it, if its enthusiastic supporters of these principles had not furnished a character ization which gives full ground for a pop ular judgment At a meeting of the especial admirers of the Bellamy cult at Omaha on Sunday, prior to the action of the convention, there was a general glorification of So cialism as the coming political power. Not satisfied with this, the meeting fur nished the following indication of the character of Bellamyism: Mr. Cox, of Illinois, said that In 1879 the Nationalists wore known as Anarchists. Now the movement had become known by a different name, but tbe only difference was that the two organizations did not dot their "I's" and cross their 'Ts" in exaotly the same style. The principle taught by the niiiiiaii.i yifiBtfifi ,r 'HfoTutto,';rfm Haymarket rioters hid sprang up in the united labor organizations, until the Na tionalists bad cast 30,000 votes for their candidate for Mayor. If an opponent of Bellamyisn had as serted that It was Identical with the move ment of the insane revolutionists who are possessed with the idea of destroying pop ular government by law, through the methods of arson and assassination, we should have denounced it as a slander. Without any sympathy for Bellamy's dream of amateur and abstract commun ism, we should out of respect for what was supposed to be the truth insisted on the ne cessity of distinguishing it from the aposto late of wholesale murder and destruction. But when they are declared to be the same by a supporter of Bellamy's, in a meeting held for the purpose of exalting his ideas, what can be done but to bow to the authority? It is a strange commendation of a party to the support of American citizens that it contains a concession of the men who propose to use violence for the destruction of all property rights. The People's party men may not see this; but the American people will. POINTS OF THE RAILWAY SITUATION. It is interesting to observe that railway passenger rates have gone to pieces in the last few days. A dispatch from Chicago, evidently giving information obtained from official railway sources, says reductions are being made so rapidly that it is diffi cult to keep track of them, " and it is pos sible now to travel in both directions be tween nearly all important stations from Portland and San Francisco in the West and Boston in the East for half rates or less."' This Is not unwelcome news for the traveling publio if it should last But there are soms other features of the situa tion which deserve attention as bearing on the subject of railway regulations. Of course in the fullness of time these cut rates will be attributed to competition and the necessity of pooling will be ar gued. But at present the railway re porters, in discussing the situation, do not deem it worth while to conceal the fact that there was a pool already. " The pool works fairly well for the members," it is asserted, " but non-members are making a harvest from the members maintaining rates." Consequently a new pool must be formed taking in the non-members and a blind pool is well under way through the well-known direction of Messrs. Walker Midgley and Fairthow. Three points appeal in connection with this frank statement of the situation. First, the outside lines "reaped a harvest" from cutting the pool rates a clear admis sion that less than the pool rates were profitable. Second, that the new pool having been decided upon the first step to drive the outside lines into becoming members was to cut the rates in two. If the reduction of rates Is alleged to have reached an unprofitable level, therefore it is due to the steps taken to force every body into a new pool and is no more a feature of legitimate competition than the rates when the pool is in existence. Finally, the most striking point of this open statement about the pool that is go ing to pieces and the new one that Is to be formed is its demonstration of the fact that the railway world no longer deems it wdrth while to make the slightest conceal ment of their violation of a certain enact ment known as the inter-State commerce act Of course it is right and proper enough that Russia should come to America to learn bow to cultivate cotton. But it does sound todd that a man of Peck's prominence in tbe People's party should be selectod by tbe Czar to instruct his officers in the matter. Here are autocracy and democracy demon strating tho truth of the old adage that ex tremes meet. And it is noticeable that it is the autocrat that needs assistance and en lightmcnt from democracy. PiTTSBtrKo's ball players would be In clover if there were only the Washington and Baltimore teams to compete with in the League. As things stand now the nation has be fore it as candidates for the Presidency and Vice Presidency, Harrison and Reid, or pro tection and prosperity; Cleveland and Ste venson, or free trade and foreign labor; IHdwelt and Crunflll, or cold water and crotchets, and Weaver and Field, or soft money an slipshod maternalism. Weaver could hardly be described as a dark horse, but the Field secured the Vice Presidental nomination of the People's party. The report of the Congressional Commit tee recently engaged in investigating the Pension Bureau, is said to include language about Eaum that would compare well in forcibility with Dixon's or Parkhurst's crit icism of Tammany officials. Some enterprising soap manufacturer should make use of tho cholera epidemic for advertising purposes. Now that the list of Fourth of July cas ualities bas been returned, one is tempted to believe that Patriotism has some connection with efforts to keep down the population and that celebrationis inseparable from am putation. These are two Generals on the third party ticket, and the platform, is filled wltn glittering generalities. Senator Mandebson's bill to create a National Highway Commission to investi gate the needs of the country in regard to highways is a recognition of an urgent nec essity which should meet with a ready re sponse. Fkee fights threaten to knock out speech in British political campaigns. free Quorums are in great demand In the Bouse, and owing to tbe nbsence of any keen sense of duty, tbe supply is entirely in adequate. CELEBRITIES IN CL0YER. Marshall P. Wilder, who has had a highly successful season in England, is due at Gotham on tbe City of New Yoik this week. The biggest man in Congress is Repre sentative Stone, of the Twenty-third Penn sylvania district. He is 6 feet 6 inches tall and proportionately stout. jr. Bibot, the French Minister of For eign Affairs, is one of the best speakers and tallest men in the 'House of Deputies. He possesses great personal magnetism. Chauncey H. Depew has leased the place of Daniel Lindloy, near Dobbs' ' Ferry, on tbe Hudson. It is one of tho mansions built by Cvrns W. Field and his sen Edwin, and is handsomely furnished. The President to-day sent to the Senate tbe following nominations: Wm. Kapus, of Oregon, United States Consul at Sydney, New South Wales; E. G. Timme, of Wiscon 'sln, Fifth Auditor of -tbe Treasury, i Mr. Whaeton, Assistant Secretary of State, indicates an intention of retaining his present office until fall, if not until next March. There is also talk of nominating him for Congressman from tbe Eighth dis trict of Massachusetts. The condition of the mad King Otto of Bavaria has become more deplorable than ever. Ho is quite unable to recognize any of -his attendants and can'wlth difficulty be persuaded to take food. His medical at tendants are ia oany expectation or bis death. PERFECT PHOTOGRAPHY. LIppmnnn's Ducnvery as to Colors Com pletes the Art A Franch Writer's Opin ions on the Advancement Made by His Countrymen. Alphonse Berget bas written an article on Llnpmann's great discovery whicti has been translated for Current Lit erature. In It he v says that the remarkable thing about Dr. Lipp mann's discovery Is, flrot of all, the result obtained which. Alls the gap which re mained to be filled in, the art of photog raphy. Indeed, he has given his attention to a scientific principle of the utmost nicety in arriving at the end he had in view. Let me attempt in a few words to give the es sence of this discovery. His method Is simplicity itself. Take., a plate -with any kind of a sensitized film. This film need only be transparent and free from granula tions and imperfections. Expose it as usual in the camera obscura, turning the sensi tized side of the plate away from the lens, but taking care to place against this plate a mirror of perfect polish. This mirror is made of a thin coating of mercury held between the sensitized glass and another gloss at the back of It. Then follows the fuse as Usual, the negative is fixed, and when dry., it shows, without any manipulation, the colors of the object pho tographed. They are in this state durable and permanently fixed. Neither pigment nor coloring matter of any kind has been used. Furthermore, the sensitized film re mains transparent as before, and is not in itsolf colored. The reproduction of the color is therefore not artificial, bnt is dne to a natural phenomenon, of which I will try to explain the mechanism. The experi ments of physicists have made it possible to explain with precision the nature of light. It is the result of a vibratory motion, like sound; and, like sound, is propagated by waves. Similarity or Light and Sound. While sound only travels at the rate of 830 metres a second, light In the tame time traverses 800 000 Jcjlometros. And while sonorous bodies, snob as tho strinKS of vio lins, only make a few hundred vibrations, the molecules of the ether which transmit Ilsht execute trillions. Light is therefore like sound, but it is measured by greater numbers. If it is thus with sound and light, how about colors? The answer Is simple. Colors are but notes in the light scale, the successive steps in tho ladder of sound; and Just as two chords of different vibrations give different sounds, so colors are differ entiated by the number of pulsations of the ether. For this reason the rainbow bas been called the color scale. White light, furthermore, Is the result of an infinity of colors succeeding eaoh other by grada tions from red to purple on tbe prismatic scale. This is shown when a ray ot light enters a prism perfeotly white and emerges broken up into all the elementary colors of the. rainbow. We know, therefore, that color comes of a vibratory motion. What. then, would be the result if two such motions weie to meet? Precisely the same thing happens when tworunnoi-3 meet. If they are going in the same direotion, their energies can be joined to pull a burden; but if they meet in opposite directions, they simply stop each other's progress. So with waves of sound and light. Thus we see that it is possible for one sound added to another to produce silence; and one lisht added to another, surprising as it seems, mar make darkness. Now let us see what happens when light is-ieflected in a mirror. The direot light will meet in its journey the light which has been thrown back Just before its arrival; so that whenev'or the two motions are in the same direction the intersity will be doubled, but when thev oppose each other the light rays will be extinguished. The space, therefore, in front o( a mirror will be divided into choe&s (tranches) or consecutive stratifications. In some of these light will be at the brightest, but in others there will be no light at all. Let me hasten to say that, the size of these cheeks being only the one-four-millionth part of a millimetre, thev are not observable to the eye, but show simply a uniformly lighted surface. The Reproduction of Colors. But where the eye falls the photographic plate does not; and if the front of the mirror Is curved with a film sensitive to light, the stratifications mentioned are reproduced iu this sensitive film. It follows that the lu minous impression will be made only in the cheeks where the light is at its maximum, whereas there will be no action where tbe film is obscure. If you develop such a plate, its thickness will be filled with a series of layers of photo graphic film, one separated from the other bv infinitely small distances, and which differ from one another according to the color which bas impinged tbe plate at the point in question. What is tbe use of these layers of silver deposited under the oheml cal action of light? This only remains to be told. These layers are tho organ for the re production of colors, without need of being colored themselves. Letme explain. Every time that' a tiansparent body is placed nnder a very thin lamella or plate, it appears with irridescent coloring, though made of a colorless substance. Soap bubbles are an example. This colrifization is due to tne lace mat tne ugnc renectea on tne two faces of the very thin plates (lamellse) has not gone over the same course. Physicists call this the phenomenon of Interference. It Is furthermore known that colors differ according to tne thickness of the lamellae. Thus, when a soap bubble first appears at the end of a straw it first reflects violet, then blue, then green, then yellow, then red, until it has grown so attenuated that it bursts. It is easy to seevhow lmportnnt are these silver layei sin the bodv of the sen sitive film. Each one acts like the liquid lamella? of soap bubble, and sends to tho eye the color of tho light which gave it birth. The problem in photography is solved by precisely similar causes. Such is a brief sketch of this magnificent discovery, worthy in every way of French science. Let me add a few practical details to give a general idea of the question. Since it is these lamella: which by reflection reproduce the color, no obstacle of any kind must be per mitted to prevent tnem irom loaging in tno photographic film. Therefore tins film must nave no granulations to ousiruct oy tneir relative enormous size the reflecting layer. This excludes at onco plates with bromide of silver, such as are used in commerce, and will not prevent the use of collodion, or, more properly speaking, of albumen sensi tized in a bath. This is a good deal, of course, to lose. To-day we are used to instantaneous effects, but in old times wo were content to await results, and the re sults in this case are, in their beauty, well wortby of tbe trouble. CLAKKS0N ON CABNEGIE. The Ex-Chairman Thinks tho Homestead Men Must Have the Right of It. New York, July 5. Ex-Chairman Clarkson did not care to-day to express any opinion of party prospects, but did have something to say about the troubles between the Car negie firm and tbe steel-workers at Home stead, Fa. He said Carnegie's vast lortune had been made by his workmen, and he had written much about the responsibilities of wealth. Now was his opportunity to sus tain his reputation as a philanthropist. His workmen must be right in their contentions. There bad been no such convulsions in bus iness as could possibly make these reduc tions necessary. Mr. Carnegie should set-, tie the difficulties at once and be generous to those men. He had discussed the bean ties of co-operation in magazine articles, and he should now put his theories into practice. General Clarkson leaves for Long Branch to-day. His family will occupy a cottage there duilng the summer. MOVING FOB BETTEB BOADB. , . A Bill in the Senate to Provide for a High way Commission. WasWuqtoit, July 6. Senator Manderson to-day Introduced a bill to create a National Highway Commission, to consist of two Senators, five Representatives, the Secre taries ot War, Agriculture and Interior, the Postmaster General, the Attorney General and an associate member from each State and Territory. Meetings are to be held In Washington during the sessions of Congress, in Chicago during the World's Fair and at such other places and times as the majority may eleot. .The commission is to investigate the needs of the country in regards to highways and report to Congress. " No Place for Anarchists. New York Press. Pittsburg authorities know what to do with Anarchists. Herr Most has been labor ing in the vicinity of that city to excite riots for four weeks and was advertised to speak at a ball in one of Its suburbs. The police interfered and notified Most that If he was found In the Hmlts of the oity again he would be sent ta the workhouse as a shspl- Alnm AlinrftntAi MiBfc vanished batwaen two days. OUR MAIL POUCH. Fresbyterlanism More 'Ancient Than Epis copacy or the Reformation. To the Editor of The Dispatch: In The Dispatch recently a pleasantly written article upon the Episcopal Churoh appeared. If the writer had confined his re marks to the principle expressed in his own words, that "if the Episcopal Churoh was doing a good work tne question of Its origin was of no great importance," we should have enjoyed his disquisition. It Is only when he assumos to express the theories of other churches and state their claims that we take exception. Then we feel inclined to say: "Speak for yonrself, John I" He has certainly misunderstood and misstated the position of the Presbyterian Church when he announces that it onlv claims to nava originated at tho Eeforraation. It may surprise him though It should not If he has read history to learn that the Presbyterian Church claims for its nrincl- ples of polity and government a priority of origin, and that tho original church was es sentially Presbyterian. It also claims that this original government, which wa repub lican and elevating, was swept away by the ambitions and passions ot men who formed the Bomlgh hierarcy, whose prlnoiple is monarchical, and that when the Reforma tion came a large portion of the Church nut off these errors and returned to the princi ples or 'the primitive church, of which the parity of the clergy was the rule. That this position of the Presbyterian Church is well founded could be easily es tablished by an appeal to the great mass of church historians. But it will suffice to quote only from those writers and historians who are connected with the Episcopal Chnrch, and whose opinions will surelv not be regarded as biased in favor of Presbvte rianlsm. If they do not regard Episcopacy as the original system it will be hard to con vince us that this modern claim requires sorions consideration. Thus, says Dean Stanley, whose historical competency our friend will not deny: "It is as sure that nothing like modern Epis copacy existed before the close of tho first century as it is that nothing like modern Presbyterianlsm existed after the begin ning of the second. It is certain that throughout the first century, and for the first years of the second, bishop and pres byter were convertible terms. It is certain that as tbe necessities of the time demanded, first at Jerusalem, then in Asia Minor, the elevation of one presbyter above tho rest by the almost universal law, which even in republics engenders a monarchical ele ment, the word 'b'sbop' gradually changed Its meaning, and by the middle of the sec ond century became restricted to tbe chief presbyter of the locality. It is certain that in no instance were the apostles called 'bishops' in any other sense than they were equally oalled 'presbyters' and 'deacons.' " Again he says: "Tbe Christian clergy ex isted before the Institution of Christian bishops. In the first age there was no such marked distinction as we now find between the different orders of the clergy. It was only by slow degrees that the name of bishop became appropriated to one chief pastor raised high in rank and station above the mass ot the clergy." All this is stated with great force by Bishop Llghtfoot, of England, in his essav on the Christian min istry, and also by the Eev. Edwin Hatch in his Hampton Lectures. Their position in the Established Church of England makes these concessions very significant. Bishop Tomline says: "1 readily acknowledge that there is no precept in the New Testament -n hteh commands that every church shall be governed by bishops." Bishop Beverldge also says: "Nothing can be determined, frcm what the apostles did did in their early proceedings in preaching the gospel, as to the establishment of any certain form of church government for per petual duration." There is no more strik ing proof of later origin of the Episcopal idea of bishop than that even such a prel atist as Bishop Onderdonk confessed, "when we find in the New Testament the name "bishop' we must regard it as meaning the bishop of a parish or a presbyter; but tbe bishop of a diocese, we must there seek not under that name, and independently of any name at all." Truly this concedes every thing asserted by non-Episcopal advocates, For optics sharp he needs, I ween. Who sees what is not to be seen. It is thus clear that Presbyterianism bas the strongest reason for Its claim of an tiquity in its preserving a government fonnded on Presbytery, and especially In asserting the parity of the clergy in all things ecclesiastical; and that tbe assertion of Episcopal writers for their own as tbe mother church, is like what Dean MUman styled the theory of the Apostolic succession, "a fiction of ecclesiastical vanity." It may appear strange to some that the Presbyterian Chnrch does not emphasize more her historical supeitorlty. But this church believes Us great work is to preach tbe gospel, not to stimulate ecclesiastical pilde. Without invidious comparison, it leels it has a special work to do as the con servator of the great truths or Scripture, as a church in which the highest learning and deepest culture unite with a hearty faith iu rescuing the world; and that with kindly sympathy toward other branches of the church, it bas its own mission, nobler tban proselytizing, more important than posing as tne most marked ohannel of divine grace, worthier than boasts of a dead past, the teaching of principles which society needs, and a creed which it believes Is founded on God's word. With the confidence which a good origin and a high descent create, it does not point to itseii Due to ennst, nor spend its energies in magnifying Its forms at the expense of others. S. J. F. Swissvale, July 2. A Soldier's Wire's Plea. To the Editor of The Dispatch: I find the following in a recent paper: "Philip Bullion, an old and impecunious sol dier, has been for more than two years in jail for debt in Elkhart, Ind. Tne debt for which ho is imprisoned originated in a store bill contracted by his wife, to pay which he borrowed money nnd gave his note. He is sentenced to remain in prison until the debt ispaid." If itis true it is a disgrace to the American people. Talk about Andersonville and Castle Thunder and then think of an old sol dier two years in Jail for debt. If the poor old man w as only dead be might to-day have some posies on his grave, or a big costly monument which the Presi dent, bis fellow citizen, would make a long Jonruev to dedicate. Till that old man Is released from iail let nobody have the cheek to say "old soldier" or talk abont his virtues. All this talk of love and sympathy for the war-worn vet eran should be hushed while one of them languishes In prison lor debt. A Soldier's Witk. Alleghekt, July 4. A Flue Stretch or Road. To the Editor of The Dispatch: As a Pittsburger, and knowing The Dis patch to be interested in the subject or good country roads, I would like every Super visor and County Commissioner in the United States to see two pieces or macadam ized load near this place, one a pice of na tional road one iniln in length, leading from vAntietam station on the Norfolk and West ern itauroaa (lately improveu Dy me uov ernment) through Sharpsburg to the Na tional Cemetery. The other is five miles in length, from this town nortwestwardly, built entirely by a wealthy private citizen. I think it would be .decided by anyone seeing these roads that it Is not necessary to go to England to learn how to make good roads. W. Shephebdstowit, W. Va., July 2. HOW HOT TO GBOW OLD. Women at Chautauqua Listen to Some thing They All Want to Know. Chautauqua, N. Y., July 5. fipecfaf. To dav's leading reature was for the ladles, as they are supposed to be especially interested in "How Not to. Grow Old." Mrs. C. E. Bishop was the oracle-who proposed to show the fountain of youth in which .posterity may bathe and never raise wrinkles. It was decidedly Interesting as a possibility, and Mis. Bishop is certainly a good example of the working of her method, though she would probably act very womanish if any one were to Insinuate that her youth is entirely in her looks. "When a young per son says she dreads old age," said Mrs. Bishop, "she docs not mean that she dreads the love friends and experience which comes with years, but that she dreads the infirmity of age. One causo'of old age is the constant tension in which the body is held. Relaxation is one or the things needed to be learned in this rge. If we completely relax one of two things happen either our highest' and best thoughts will come, or we will go to sleep most likely the latter, as we are a tired-out people." This afternoon tbe second of tbe lecture course was given bp Prof. Gilmore on Long fellow and Whittier. This morning Mr. Flagler gave an organ recital, and this even ing there was a literary and musical enter tainment given by Prof, A, H. Merrill and Miss Goetz. All 'the entertainments to-day wore well attended. Largo numbers of peo ple are arriving daily. Another Consul Coming Home. Wa8hiwotojt, July 5. Harold M. Sewall, of Maine, Consul General at Samoa, has ten dered his resignation, and this has been ac cepted by the President In a letter express ing the highest appreciation of his excellent eorvioe. - s A CHURCH EVENT. - The Shaajflde Presbyterian Congregation Will Celebrate Its Twenty-firth Anni versaryLawn TennU on Saturdays Something In a Ihme Society Gossip. Shadyside Presbyterian Church will commemorate tbe completion of a quarter of a century's existence by special services on this coining Friday and next Sunday, partaking particularly on tbe second occa sion of a peculiar interest since the newly completed Sunday school building will then be occupied for the first time. This build ing should have been ready a good while sooner, in fact it was promised three months ago, but as it is considered to be most com plete in every way, the delay doubtless wflt not be grudged. Shadyside Church is well known as one of the prettiest sacred edifices in the East End. Fashionable young women have been mar ried there in numbers during the two past seasons, and it Is said that its beautiful in terior bad much to do with the revival of church weddings In such numbers as have ocenrred lately in Pittsburg. The anniversary thus is seen to be of social as well as of church interest. The little party of tennis players who have tbe "open sesame" to Gnyasuta, is doubtless delighted to learn that the Dar lington's Willi keep open house on Satur days as heretofore during tbe entire sum mer. Within the last few years since tennis became part of the American girl's education, Gnyasuta has always been noted for its clever players, and its beautiful grounds have on several occasions been the scene of some crack amateur games. And the young people at Gnyasuta have seldom been outmatched by tbeir visitors. Miss Minnie Darlington and bor brother being accounted players of very fine games. Miss Edith Darlington, now Mrs. Amnion, also has achieved a reputation rather more than local as a tennis nlaver. Saturdays have been set apart for tennis from time immemorial that is, this day dates back as lar as the first tennis playing at Gnyasuta. Tbe girls usually go up the night before or early Saturday morning, and In the afternoon are joined by the men Irom Pittsburg. Another agreeable phase of life at Gnya suta ia tbe numerous sketching parties organized by Miss Darlington of tho set in which she moved at the School of Design, when there a pupil. Miss Darlington's hos pitality, almost similiar in kind to that of the old English country house, bas gathered around her a little coterie of friends, who desire nothing better than a few days visit to her lovely home on the banks of the Allegheny. People living on Forbes avenue probably don't know that after a temporary respite they have been elevated to the dignity of living again on a street. It has returned to plain Forbes street. It is said that one man was constrained to appeal to Coun cils for the recovery of its just, proper and original namo from hearing some poor sonl refer to It as For-bes avenue. He, when Highland avenue, after being Hiland avenue, becamo as it is to-day, a spirited discussion arose, and villificatlon heape d on the vandals who were DIotting out historical associations. Asa matter or fact, it never should havbeen Hiland, and the name was always a mortification to Its engineer, Henry Hiland, who was afraid the people would think be desired to hand bis name down to posterity. It was intended to be called Highland becauso it was on high land. And people will remember that Highland Park bore that name ever since it was a park. There are a few people who cling to the familiar romantic Shady Lane, probably because they either knew It when it was a lane and a narrow lane too, with the taw thorn trees lining eaoh side and their branches mlnaling and forming an arch above, or because they love the old memories for the sake of a generation gone by. Bnt the new residents like Shady avenue, simply because they came in with the chauged order of things, and the lane and its associations recall no past and tell no story to them. Social Chatter. ASRAiraEjiEirrs have been completed for the marriage on next Monday evening of Misa Katherine Fleming Bowand and Ed ward Godfrey Miller in Trinity Church by the rector, the Rev. Alfred Arundel. Mr. C. C. Blellor has promised to preside at the organ, and the music will be more elaborate and beautiful than usual. The bride will be unattended. Mr. H. GJtlyler will be best man. -anil the"""nh"ers "choen ar6:-Mf.-F. E. Stewart, Mr. J. N. Cook, Mr. T. D. Meiksell, Mr. B. M. Daln, Mr. C. F. Foster and Mr. Harry Rowand. Miss Emily Grbes, who with her brother and sister has been residing In Pittsburg for some time past, has broken up their estab lishment here ana gone to Prinow Edward Island for the summer, prior to removing permanently to Washington State. Miss Green is an attractive Canadian girl, and her departure has brought about a good ileal of regret from those she is leaving. It is said that her sister will, in a short time, be mar ried to a pittsDurger ana resiae nere. Aceremost performed with little osten tations united in marriage yesterday after noon Miss Rose Weinberg and Mr. Abraham Kaufman, of New York. The wedding took place at the bouse of the bride's parents, in Oakland square, the Rev. Dr. Salllnger pre siding. Mr. and Mrs. Kaufman will reside In New York, for which place they left last night. The name "Alinda," of the new Unlversltv preparatory school to be opened in Oakland in the autumn, is the subject of a good deal or discussion. Some think it pretty, others think It is not long enough nor Imposing enough, and a few wish to know if it has a concealed meaning, conveying an allusion only to the initiated. Mr. ahd Mrs. Paesavakt, son-in-law and daughter or Mr. Wilson, of the Kenmawr, in tend setting up a permanent establishment in Pittsburg, and are living here at the pres ent time. Mrs. George Wilson will Join her relatives at Lake-wood in a few days, with the intention of spending the summer there. The muslcale at the Kenmawr, which was deferred from Saturday lasc, is annonnced to take place on this Thursday evening, the nrocramme and the performers remaining unchanged. It is to he sincerely hoped that the god of the weather will be good na- tured. Mrs. William McCreert, Miss McCreery, Miss Eliza McCreery, of Lincoln avenue, and Mrs. L. J. Kame, or Union town, left last night for the East In New York they willjoina party or friends and proceed to the Adirondacks for the summer. Eev. Mr. Matthews, curate of Calvary Chnrch, will In a short time take up his resi dence on Marcband street, occupying tbe house formerly lived in by Mrs. Fudan. Mr. and Mrs. Matthews are temporarily at the Kenmawr Hotel. The Behvekue Teitui3 Club contemplates a trip to Cincinnati via the Iron Queen about the beginning of August. When tennis days are over the club expects to reorganize for the winter as an amateur dramatic organi zation. . Mr. T. W. Pierpoikt and Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Sivlter and Miss Frances Siviter lert last night for the East to visit Cadet Frank Pierpoint at West Point. Young Mr. Pier point bas just completed his freshman year. Mr. D. Bruce Kennedy, who spent the nation's birthday and two previous days oa a fishing excursion, returned to Pittsourg last night. Mr. and Mrs. Coles and their little daugh ter, of Walnut street, East End, left this week for Virginia to spend the summer. No Cause for Fear. New York Press.J It will never do to elect any gentleman of the name of Adlal Vice President of the United States. American parents sometimes name their offspring after victorious candi dates for President and Vice President. Imagine this country swarming with infant Adlais! Perish the thought. The Proper Way to Act, Minneapolis Tribune. The Republicans of Iowa mean business this trip. They have relegated local ques tions to the rear and will flghttbe campaign on National issues. On those lines Republi canism is always triumphant in Iowa. DEATHS HERE AND ELSEWHERE. Andrew J. Chambers. . Andrew J. Chambers, an Allegheny painter and ex-councilman, died at his home, 773 Qnio street, Monday night. His death was doe to heart disease. , Obltnary Notes. Jacob Roiiek. a highly respected citizen ofMo nongaliela City, died on Monday, aged 70 rears. John Voiut. a prominent young married man and musician, died yesterday morning from con sumption atMIsslllon, O. John W. Messick died at EvansviUe, Ind.. yesterday after a brief illness. He was probably the youngest person who enllited in the Union army during: tbe rebellion, joining Company A. jrony-secona xoaians mxaniry si ine age of 8 vears and serving three ve drummer boy. when he was honorably discharged. CURIOUS CONDENSATIONS. Bees have an antipathy for dark colon. There are now 25,000 homeopathic phy sicians in America. Eupsians are said to eat up the candlei before they retire. Envelopes were first used in France la the time of Louis XIV. A busy doctor eives away at least a quarter of his services. One man out of every 25 occupies hit own house in England. The number of dwellings in the United States in 1831 was 8,955,812. A hive of 5,000 bee3 will produce about SO pounds of honey annually. The average daily amount of snnshins Is little more tban three hours. ; Seventeen young men of Harvard "Var sity failed to graduate this year. Tbe latest fad In souvenir spoons fa one representing the Cleveland family. Ordinary chewing gum Is made of gum chicle, sugar and a variety of flavors. Women of every rank go bare-headed in Mexico and the fashions never change. Fashion dictates now to hang lacs enrtains straight, so as to show their full design. Weak pearlash water Is said to be good to remove stains caused bv adds or scarlet -woolen goods. The South American native children will drag huge centipedes out of their hole3 and crunch them up. Sipping half a wineglass of water is declared to have raised a man's pulse from. It is calculated that 1,000 thrifty coffee trees will yield a fair average of 3,200 pounds of coffee per annum. A lobster was caught in Maine last week measuring 34 inches In length and weighing 19J pounds. Maine supplies most of the Christmas trees used in New York City, and exports many to South America. The new battleship Texas will hava cost Uncle Sam $3,000,000 after her guns shall have been put on board. The imperial diamond, owned by the Prince of Wales, weighs 1S3 carats and la valued at 17,000,000 francs. The longest wire rope was manufac tured In Cardiff, Wales, recently, which is irwu mues ana ius varus long. During the past year there graduated from the medical colleges of the United S tates about 5,000 young doctors. During last year the takings at the Parisian theaters amounted to $l,62O,00O-, or nearly $125,000 more than in 1890. The original portrait of Pocahontas, painted in 1612, now the property or a Lon doner, will be exhibited at the World's Fair. Four thousand two hundred and seven ships, only 26 or which carried the American flag, passed through the Suez Canal in 189L The Sampson well at Waco, Texa3, is the larnest one in the United States. It throws np 1,500,000 gallons or pure hot water daily. The great cantilever bridge at Niagara Falls is entirely composed or steel. It Is 810 feet in length, weighs 3,000 tons and cost $900,000. There are now 70 schools for the deaf and dumb in the United States, and there is also a college for them located at Washing ton, D. C. A Paris policeman begins service with 77 cents a day, and after 12 years he gets 83 cents a day. Tho police have asked for$l a day as the minimum. In England they do not chew gum, looking at the habit as vulgar and low, but the Australians have already taken kindly .v i. .win uiu juuujgiug ireeiy. The Ohio State Archieological and His torical Society will exhibit at the Colnjb! Exposition a collection of specinjans oro. Colonial and State bank money,. .- A bill is to bc ip.trodaced into the text session or thb Pennsylvania Legislature for the creation of forest reservations a the headwaters of principal rivers. Scientists estimate that jevery year a layer equal to-14 feet deep of tho erfaco of all oceans and other bodies of water is taken up into the atmosphere as vapor. The largest whale ever captured was run down by the New London, Conn., whaler Lizzie Simmons in 1881. It yielded 163 bar rels of oil and 250 pounds of whalebone. The tortoise is the longest lived of all animals. Many have attained the ae or 250 years, while one Is known to have reached the unparalleled age of 450 years. A Bnssian physician now asserts that the pain of neuralgia, if superficial, can be relieved at once by throwing a beam ot light from a bright arc light upon the affected part. The cartridges of Germany, Austria and Belgium have a groove at the end instead of an enlargement at the base, the advantage of which is that the cartridge is packedmqre easily. A solid gold brick, weighing 500 pounds, and worth $150,000, will be exhibited In the Mines and Mining Building at the ; World's Fair by a Helena, Mont., mlne owner. "Prince Michael," the long-haired leader of theDetroiC fanatics who has Jnst been s ent to the State prison, has sold his hair an d whiskers to a dime museum man for $750. A company was organized at Phoenix, Ariz., recently for the construction of what is claimed will be tbe largest reservoir in tbe world. It will be 16 miles long and contain 103,053,040,800 cubic feet of water. The stockmen of South Dakota have re cently imported from Tennessee a number of Russian wolf hounds to help in tbe ex termination or wolves, which have or late been killing a number or calves and colts. It i3 called "commencement" not because the graduate then begins to learn his first real knowledge or life, but becauso in the old days the graduating exercises were held at tbe beginning of the college year. METER AND MIRTH. Sharpe I saved a girl's life this morning. Wooden Why. bow was that? Sharpe Well, I was smoking on the hotel ve randa and she said: "Pardon me sir. bat that cig arette Is killing me." Sol threw it away anal smoked another. Boston Courier, TUB DAT APTEK THI FOURTH. This is the mother's busy day, All callers she refuses, For she is rnbblng arnica On Johnnie's wounds and bruises. New Yorkpmi. "What has become of your niece?" asked Miss Donohue of Mrs. O'Eafferty. "Och, sure, an' she's done well wid hersilf. She married a lord." "Whv. yoa don't tell me! An English lord?" "No; I don't think he's an English lord. He's a landlord. He kspes a summer hotel out in New Jersey." Texas Slftinss. LCCK A3TD JUDOmUT. Two solemn men walked sadly home, With long and dismal faces: Two men who'd lost their next week's pay. By betting on the races. Two happy men disdained to walk, Bat rode, with smiling faces; They'd staid In town and won a lot By betting on their aces. Indianapolis Journal, "What a horrid noise yon are makingf exclaimed Susie Shattnck to her little brother, "banging your torpedoes and lire crackers all ore the place." "Why shouldn't I," retortea Freddy. "You tar rtnlfre in banging your hair all the year around.' Detroit Free Press. A 6LIGHT CHAITOr. While wealth and beanty congregate Where cool and salty waves abound. The cfty small boy has to wait Dntll the sprinkling cart comes round. Washington SJori "I hear there's trouble between you and MIssDeTrop." "Yes; everything is declared off." 'What was the matter." "We went into a restaurant the other evening and I ordered lemonade for two. The stupid clerk served it in such a manner that she got hold of ray glass." Chicago Ffxs-Bccord. 1 V s
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers