17 THE PITTSBURG DISPATCH. SUNDAY, JUNE 5. 1892. TWO RULING CZARS, A Great Conspiracy in Enssia "Whose Chief Is as Strong as Alexander. HIDES BEHIND NIHILISM And Commits Crime in Its Name to Dethrone the Romanoffs. IGXATIEW'S REMARKABLE CAREER The Wrecking of Imperial Trains and Riots fcy the Peasants. TARTS OF ni5 SCHEME OP AMBITION The author of this remarkable and startling presentation of the political situa tion in Russia formerly practiced law in St. Petersburg and attained no little celebrity as a writer. The expression of his political opinions made it inconrenient for him to remain in his satire country, and he now lives in London, his address being 29 Bol ton Gardens, Chiswick. Recently he pub lished a book here, "Poland, Siberia and America," in the Russian language, in which he treats in detail the gigantic con spiracy which is outlined in this article. He speaks and writes in this letter to The Dispatch as one perfectly assured of his facts, and there can be no question that be has had ample opportunity to gain com mand of many facts that will be new to students of cotemporary history. him his body servant and eventually se cured him several promotions. During the great insurrection of 1823 Paul Ignatiew, by a happy chance, was appointed chief of the Senate guard, and in this capacity ren dered considerable servloe to Czar Nicolas, for he prevented the soldiers under his command from holding any communication with the insurgents, and thus made it im possible for rebellious subjects to enter the Senate House. For this important service the Czar Nicholas made Ignaliew his aide-de-camp, and afterward pro moted him so rapidly that at the be ginning of the reien of Alexander II., Paul Ignatiew was Governor General of St. Petersburg, and his eldest son, Nicolas, with whom we now have to do, had attained the rank of General of the Imperial suite, and was dispatched to Bokhara at the h.?d of an extrordinary Russian mission. I may add that Paul Ienaticw, in common with other Russian dignitaries, had paid due at tention to filling his pockets, and had ac cordingly hecome a. weaitny man. The Acquisition or Amoor. The mission to Bokhara met wRhcom- flete success, and, as a reward, Nicolas gnatiew was appointed Ambassador to China. There a happy chance, combined with conduct on the part of Ignatiew and There are at present two Czars in Russia. One wears the crown and is recognized by the Governments of the world. The other is as yet uncrowned, although he hopes some day to possess that final mark of the power he already wields. One nods his head and the Russian Empire seems to thake; the other hides his head and unseen brings about such a relation of circum stances that the man with the title is com pelled to shape his ways according to the unsuspected wilL One sits upon the throne; the other is not only the power behind the throne, but his power is exercised unknown to the throne itself. One is Czar Alexander IIL; the other is Nicholas Ignatiew. Ho Rose From the Peasantry. How comes it that Ignatiew, a wealthy banker of St Petersburg, a man who has held no official sedition of consequence, if any, for ten years, has attained this ex traordinary and peculiar eminence? lie is the son of an ordinary peasant, whose career shows that a country need not be democratic in order to offer advantageous opportunities tor promotion to station and wealth to those most lowly born. Paul Ignatiew, the lather of the uncrowned Czar, was sent by the lord of his province into the army as a recruit. Once enrolled, he was assigned to the Imperial Guard because of his unusual stature. With this advantage he combined exceptional alert ness of mind, and he soon attracted the tttention ot a powerlnl General, who made Alexander HZ of Jluuia. hifi fripndq nfc nnnrt. thf ntirwin Ta Mnanl.J as strictly honorable, brought great distinc tion to the diplomatist. At that time the Governor General of Eastern Siberia was Mouraviefl, who was a man of good Charac ter. No public or private moneys clung to his fingers. Unhappily, as is too well known, Russian officialdom is honey combed with corruption, and by reason of his probity Mouraviefl stood head and shoul ders above his colleagues. He saw that the country could neter be properly developed without a more southerly approach to the tea, either Bering or Okotsk; that such an approach could be secured by the annexa tion of Amoor; and that unless Russia could secure possession of that province her interests would be in constant danger from Chinese agression. Jlouravieff laid this Bcheme before the Czar and the Govern ment at St. Petersburg, and repeatedly urged its acceptance, but without positive result. Then there was an unexpected and terrible massacre of Christians in China, and Western Europe was aroused to the point of a conjoint attack upon China in reparation. Up to this time the Chinese had been intoxicated with the false notion of inaccessibility of their country and the inflexibility of their army. The truth ap peared to them like a flash; they sawthat a combined attack by European powers must be crowned by success, and vain confidence gave way to fright. lenatlew Claimed all the Credit. Ignatiew saw how to make use of this mo ment of terror. He had never broached to the Pekin Government the subject of the cession of Amoor, but now he suddenly de manded this, threatening war in the event Of rpfllfl1. And Ha nrnmtiail thn f-tmA.U! and support of Russia against Europe i I case the demand wore granted. The Chinese yielded. Amoor became Russian territory, and Ignatiew, regardless of Mouravlefrs preliminary work, without whloh the an nexation would not have been possible or thought of, hastened to acquaint St. Peters burg with what he had done, claiming all the merit of the affair for himself. This achievement gave Ignatiew great, if unmerited, distinction in Russia and Eu rope generally as a diplomatist, and it brought about another promotion; he was appointed Ambassador at Constantinople. It is well known that the art of diplomaoy, as practiced in the Orient, is colored very greatly by intrigue, and Czar Alexander was soon convinced that he had only to push the Russian lorces to the banks of the Danube, and all Turkey, like Jericho of old at the sound of the trumpet, would fall before him. Igna tiew rejoiced that he bad so easllv hood winked his monarch, and of the millions sent to him expended but a small portion for the purpose of corruption. The re mainder, after the manner of the tvpical Russian statesman, he pocketed. He owns lands to the value of many millions in var ious provinces, and has millions in ready money at St. Petersburg, which he loans at usurious interest. He enriched not only himself, but his family and his wife's family also. His wife was a poverty stricken princess of Tartar extraction. His Brother a Mannfe ctarlng Magnate. As intrigue succeeded intrigue at Constan tinople, as each brought its profit to Ignatiew, Mme.Ignatiew's brother established factory after factory on his property in the Province of Riazan, where as last he nearly, if not quite, controls the industries of car pet, cloth, class making, etc. So matters on until 1876, a year that marks an epoch in Russian history. At this time, side by side with other conspiracies more or less insig nificant, conspiracies by different organiza tions, socialistic, anarchistic, nihilistic, and so on nine out of ten of which were made up by the police side by side with all these lesser conspiracies there arose one of enor mous proportions, one that possessed and still possesses international importance. To a great part ot the operations of this conspiracy I was an ocular witness, and many of the leaders were personally known to me. It originated as long ago as 1856 in St Petersburg. There was nothing whatever of liberalism in its programme, no patriotio aim to curtail the power of the throne and give to Russia a constitutional or parlia mentary government, no design of effecting needed reforms. Its object was nothing more or less than to overturn the Czar and set up a new dynasty on the same lines. Such an event had happened before in Rus sian history, and the originators of the con spiracy saw no reason why it should not happen again. This conspiracy is in exist ence to-day. A Conspiracy Involving Great Names. To this conspiracy have belonged many Ministers, Walupew, Reitern, Tolstoi (not the celebrated author, but a relative), and several members of the royal family; for example, he who died recently, Prince Con stantine, brother of Alexander IL, and Prince Peter of Oldenburg. Some time after the inception of this conspiracy the leadership passed into the hands of a man renowned lor energy and activity, Ivan Aksakow, of Moscow. He began to aspire to the Russian crown. Following the sug gestions of those of the conspirators who were in the Russian army, Aksakow gained the aid ot Servia, or, to speak more precisely, Russian agents were sent into Servia, who eventually inflamed publio sentiment there to such an extent that the 'unequal war of little Servia against Turkey was instigated, and this pro voked the declaration ot war by Russia against the Ottoman Empire. Trusting to the assurances of Ignatiew, Czar Alexander IL was not sufficiently prepared when he threw himself against Turkey. Near Biela, in Bulgaria, he was surrounded by the Turks, and at Plevna the brave Osman Pacha checked the Russian advance. Then at last Alexander IX saw that Ignatiew had deceived him, and when, reproached by the Czar, the former ambassador to Turkey be gan to explain matters in an impertinent fashion, the Czar lost all control of his tem per and struck his faithless servant several times. It goes without saving that Igna tiew saw in this an end to his official career. hand all that was lelt for him was to deolde how he could revenge himself most effect ively for his fall and disgrace. Beoomos Head of the Conspiracy. Admiral Nicholas Tchichatchow, of Odessa (he is now Minister of Marine), an old friend of Ignatiew's, aided him in this matter. He showed Ignatiew how he might take the plaoe of Aksakow, and then the Czar would be in his hands. Ignatiew fol lowed Tchichatchow's plan, and made a proposition to Aksakow to the effect that they should co-operate. Aksakow knew that such an alliance threatened him with certain peril, but at the same time he recog nized the character of Ignatiew and the methods he employed; there was nothing but to accept Two mortal enemies to the Russian throne and to each other became ostensibly allies, each meanwhile making attacks upon the other. Such a state of things could not endure long. At last Aksakow himself was poi soned. Thanks to Ignatiew's far-reaching Oeneral Ignatiew. power there was no effective search for the assassins and for the same reason nothing had been done about the murder of two men a little previous to this time officers of gendarmes at Kiew, Baron Von Keiking and the solicitor to the military tribunal, General Steluikow, shot at Odessa. Both these men were grave obstacles in the way ot Ignatiew's designs. At this point, if he had not done so be fore, the reader will probably exclaim: But where are the proofs for these astound ing statements? There Is Ample Proof of It. . The question is fair and demands atten tion, but I trust the reader will see the dif ficulty, if not the impossibility of returning a categorical answer. I have said that many of the operations of the great conspiracy came under my personal observation and that many of the actors are personally known to me. Fifty busy years spent in Russia (I have been but a few months in England) fit me, I may ventnre to presume, to speak with Borne confidence on Russian affairs. Moreover, I speak not from my own knowledge and observation alone. I have the word of many honorable men in substantiation and corroboration of my state ment; but if I were to mention names and ad dresses, or quote from correspondence and other documents, is it not clear that many people would be brought to undeserved dis tress? One or other of the two Czars would surely visit the most terrible punishment upon those who were known to be unduly cognizant of the secret workings either of the Government that is or the Government that hopes to be. I must, therefore, beg a ' considerable measure of trust for my own word. In bis capacity of secret but real Gover nor ot tho so-called empire of the Czars, Nicolas Ignatiew always arranged that the acknowledged Czar, Alexander IIL, shall never approach the Russian people, and that the people shall see in the Czar, not their protector, but the friend of the nobili ty and the officials. . This policy, so peril ous to the Russian throne, Ignatiew main tains systematically and with an iron hand. It should be understood that the Czar is not only devoid of civic ability, but that an im portant element in his character is cow ardice. Death for a Cigarette. Everybody will recall the death of De Reitern, aide de camp to the Czar, whose father was Minister ot Finance and Presi dent of the Ministerial Council, and a mem ber, therefore, of the most powerful olass of Russian officials. One day when young De Reitern, who was personally liked by Alex ander IIL, was on duty in the Czar's apart ments, he ventured to smoke a cigarette in the reception room. Suddenly the Czar en tered. In order to conceal the smoke De Reitern promptly put the cigarette in the skirt pocket ot his uniform. The Czar saw the act and this, with De Rei tern's ev ident consternation, was sufficient proof to him that De Reitern meant to kill him, and that he had put his hand into his pocket in order to draw a pistol. Without further thought the Czar, who has tremendous physical strength, especially in the arms and fists, struck De Reitern upon the temple with such violence that the aide de camp fell dead. Then they showed him how a simple cigarette had frightened the monarch of Russia, of a country containing 100,000 of. inhabitants. Ignatiew plays skillfully upon this per sonal cowardice of Alexander IIL When the Czar was about to be crowned at Mos cow on May 15, 1883, Ignatiew feared that the leaders ot the peasantry assembled from all parts of Russia to take part in the ceremony'would return home with a favor able impression of the new ruler. Ignatiew saw that it was imperative, in view of his old designs, that the Czar should declare himself frankly and wholly as the enemy ot the peasants. That was brought about in this way: Just before the coronation at Moscow several people in St Petersburg dressed in peasants' costume tried to enter the palace of the Czar by force, the palace called Anicskow, situated in the center of the Perspective Nevsky, the most im portant street in the capital. These people, who, without doubt, were per- lectiy well Known to the prefect ot at Petersburg, General Pierre de Gresser, a devoted adherent of Ignatiew, ran away; nobody gave ohase; nobody tried to arrest them, but everybody in the capital was as tounded at the episode, which was laid be fore the Czar as a plan ot the peasantry, profiting bv his absence, to effect a revolu tion. The Czar was frightened and irritated, and under the influence of his excitement he delivered to the peasants who were pre sented to him an address overflowing with anger. Thanks to this speech all the Rus sian peasantry understood that the Czar was against them. Ignatiew had won. Ignatiew Wrecks the Czar's Train. Five years later, that is, in 1888, Alex ander IIL proposed to make a tour ot Rus sia with his wife and children. This jour ney had its perils lor Ignatiew, because the Czar, might chance to meet well in formed and candid men who could open his eyes to the truth, in which event Ignatiew would lose alL To ward off this catastrophe the wrecking of the train bearing the Czar's retinue, which will be remembered by evervbody, was arranged; it occurred oa October 17, 1888. at Borki, near Kharkow. This was a bloody lesson, a terrible warning addressed to the Czar, and the moral was that Alexander IIL would better not travel in Russia for the purpose of learning any thing about his dominion. Anatol Koni, Solicitor General to the Senate, a man de voted soul and body to Ignatiew, investi gated the wreck in such a manner that the criminals never were discovered. In the present famine situation, in order that the Czar may not listen to the peasants' plain'lve voice, that he may not approach the people, which would bo dangerous for Ignatiew's designs, he is kept in such a state of terror that he dares not set foot outside of Gatohina, his residence. Every thing Is effeeted by Ignatiew's clique. To this end they arranged the breakdown near Orol on the Opuchta river. And so Igna tiew continues his dark plans this Igna tiew who tor many years has been awaiting the disruption of Russia, preparing, as did the Czar Boris Coudouow under similar circumstances, to place upon his own head the Russian crown. BUNKOED BY 7HEIR WlVSa How Two Fair Schemers Saccrufally Worked Th-ir Unsuspicious Lords. Chicago Mall.J A Chicago wife lost summer induced her husband to promise to give her all the silver half dollars and quarters he received which bore an odd date. Then the fair schemer took into her confidence a number of men with whom her husband had business deal ings, requesting them to save for her un suspecting spouse all the odd dated sub sidiary coin they chanced to take in. The consequence was that the husband was sur prised beyond measure to find that a re markably large number of his bills there after were paid in' small coin, which his wife promptly confiscated under her own proposition. He would hare been bank rupted very speedily had he not smelled a rat and promptly struck his colors by effect ing a compromise. ' Now comes a story of a similar financial scheme which for neatness of design and promptness of execution has rarely, If ever, been equaled. In the second case the hus band promised to give his wife all the silver pieces she found in his wallet which were coined the year she was born. As a result the lady in due course of time had quite an amount of silver money on hand so much, in fact, that she went to the bank and de posited it in her name. Then speaking to the cashier, she said: "My husband tells me you are going to pay him some money to-dav." "Won't you please pav him in the silver I have jnst deposited? I will be so much obliged to you if you do." Ot course the cashier, being noted for his courtesy to ladies, quickly replied that he would "be happy to please her. But the husband was not hilariously happy when he found that, by a most unaccountable combi nation of circumstances, his wife's small fortune had suddenly been doubled, while he had been bunkoed out ot a good round rtjif 'vfyJL ru wm?&i j2- " THE LAST 5IGNAL USS&ffict&b.i. S3r5552S5-i SHcSfeaS f-lk7,a.n ' -mini ' s, y? English Sparrows Here and Elsewhere. Boston Journal. An Englishman visiting this country hastens to disclaim insular prejudices when he declares that the much discussed and abused sparrow is a more beautiful bird "at home" than he is in America. The chirpy little fellow's feathers here are muddy and dull in appearance. In England his plumage is bright, glossy and decidedly attractive. He attributes the difference to the climate. Here the climate is changeable, one extreme following another quite closely, while in Eneland the fog and dampness are perhaps conducive to brighter plumage. So Ton Admire John Chinaman's Com plexion? Probably not Even were John's eyes not cnt on a bias and his nose broad In the beam, his tint would stamp him as the reverse of beautiful. Yet a white man with the Jaun dice is of the same hue, only mors pro nounced. Biliousness, with its symptoms of furred tongue, yellowish skin and eyeballs, pains in the right side, sick headaches, ver tigo, must, if unchecked, culminate in jaun dice and congestion of the liver. Remedy this trouble and remove its attendant symp toms, dyspepsia and constipation, with Hos tetter's Stomach Bitters, which also cures malaria, rheumatic and kidney troubles. Bea enrol, tea sets, newest designs; knives, folks and spoons. Extra value thU week at Stelnmann's, 105 Federal street ttsu " t The WBITTEX TOR THE DISPATCH BY DORA RUSSELL, Author of "Footprints in the Snow," "The Broken Seal, Track of the Storm," "A Fatal Past," Etc. SYNOPSIS OF f KEYIOU3 CHAPTEE3. Two lovers. Sir James MacKennon, Bart, and Miss Miriam Clyde, are standing by the seashore, and the former is urging her to name the wedding day. She pleads for delay. la the meantime an accident ooonrs, a soldier being wounded dv a firing party. Miriam binds up his wound and saves his life. Glanolng at each other's face a mutual recognition takes place, and both are agitated. On arriving home the doctor who was summoned to tna wounded man gave her a note which the soldier had hastily scribbled. It contains the words "For God's sake keep my secret." CHAPTER HX THE DOCTOE IX THE OASS. Miriam read these brief words again and again, then she passionately kissed them, and her tears rushed out on them. "Poor, poor fellow," she murmured, "he need not have been afraid." And she was still holding the note in her hand; still gazing at it with her tearful eyes, when she heard the handle of the door turn, and her mother's voice demanding admit tance. "My dear, are you 111? WTiy have you looked your door?" said Mrs. Clyde out side. In a moment Miriam had hidden the note in her dress, and then she unlocked the door, and her mother entered, looking at her gravely as she did so. "What is the matter, Miriam?" she said. "Why dideyou hurry from the drawing room In such wonderful haste?" "I turned suddenly faint, mother," an swered Miriam, who was confused and trembling, and her mother's quick glance, saw at once that her eyes were stained with tears. "I am very sorry for that; you really quite startled me, and you carried away my novel, too," said Mrs. Clyde, pointing to the book lying on the toilet table, which Miriam had brought up. "I forgot I had it in my hand Lturned suddenly faint" "But why did you lock your door, my dear?" "I did not want anyone to know I wasnot well. I thought it wu be3t not to say any thing." "Well, Dr. Reed thinks, and I think too, that this accident to the poor soldier has been too much lor you. He recommended me to give you a little sal-volatile, and though, my dear Miriam, I am pleased you were able to give some little help, I think in fntnre you had better not attempt to do anything of this kind; your nerves are evi dently not equal to it" "It was very trying, certainly," faltered Miriam. "I think, mother, if yon do not mind I should like to have some sal-volatile, and then lie down and rest a little while before dinner." "That will be the wisest plan, I tolnkj the two young men are gone, and your father has gone with them, as he is anxious about the poor soldier, so I'll send the sal volatile up to you by Ford, and then lie down and get a rest" "Yes, mother," said Miriam, and with a pleasant little nod Mrs. Clyde turned away' and left the room, and Miriam was alone. But she did not lie down as she said she would. She went to her desk and opened it with trembling hands, and then sat down to write a note to Dr. Reed, and also a few lines to the wounded soldier under his care. She had placed her envelopes and paper ready to this when Ford appeared with tha sal-volatile. Ford was a spritely, good looking girl, beloved by many soldiers, though she always declared to her mistress that she would "not look at one of them." However this might be, and Mrs. Clyde had some reason to doubt the exact truth of her statement, numerous soldiers certainly looked at her. Banks, the Indoor servant of the Colonel, was devoted to her, and one or two orderlies who came about the house with letters, etc., were dcubless captives to her charms. Miriam Clyde liked her, and Ford liked Miriam, and now Miriam was about to ask a favor from her hands, and with a sudden flush to her pile cheeks, she did this, as Ford set down the gloss containing the sal volatile. "Ford, I want you to do something for me," she began. "I'm sure I'd be very pleased, Miss Miriam," answered Ford, with, the pleasant ' ready smile that had ensnared the hearts of the orderlies. "I I want a letter posted to Dr. Reed," continued Miriam, blushing deeply, for she did not like asking favors from servants. "I want it posted without anyone seeing it I do not want mother to know that I have senUt" Ford opened her bine eyes a little wider, as, ot course, she knew of Mis3 Miriam's engagement to Sir James McKennon. Bus she was a young woman with liberal notions on the subject ot lovers, and concluded thai Miss Miriam had a fancy for two. "Of course, Mis Miriam, I'll post it," she answered, promptly. "And if I can't DERBUY That's the first step to a large "and suc cessful business. We buy in immense quantities from the manufacturers direct for spot cash. :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: 2 jiar $& w 431 m- OCKERS' For every room in the house and for every purpose. 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