17
THE PITTSBURG DISPATCH. SUNDAY, JUNE 5. 1892.
TWO RULING CZARS,
A Great Conspiracy in Enssia
"Whose Chief Is as Strong
as Alexander.
HIDES BEHIND NIHILISM
And Commits Crime in Its Name to
Dethrone the Romanoffs.
IGXATIEW'S REMARKABLE CAREER
The Wrecking of Imperial Trains and Riots
fcy the Peasants.
TARTS OF ni5 SCHEME OP AMBITION
The author of this remarkable and
startling presentation of the political situa
tion in Russia formerly practiced law in St.
Petersburg and attained no little celebrity
as a writer. The expression of his political
opinions made it inconrenient for him
to remain in his satire country, and he now
lives in London, his address being 29 Bol
ton Gardens, Chiswick. Recently he pub
lished a book here, "Poland, Siberia and
America," in the Russian language, in
which he treats in detail the gigantic con
spiracy which is outlined in this article.
He speaks and writes in this letter to The
Dispatch as one perfectly assured of his
facts, and there can be no question that be
has had ample opportunity to gain com
mand of many facts that will be new to
students of cotemporary history.
him his body servant and eventually se
cured him several promotions. During the
great insurrection of 1823 Paul Ignatiew,
by a happy chance, was appointed chief of
the Senate guard, and in this capacity ren
dered considerable servloe to Czar Nicolas,
for he prevented the soldiers under his
command from holding any communication
with the insurgents, and thus made it im
possible for rebellious subjects to enter the
Senate House. For this important
service the Czar Nicholas made Ignaliew
his aide-de-camp, and afterward pro
moted him so rapidly that at the be
ginning of the reien of Alexander II.,
Paul Ignatiew was Governor General of St.
Petersburg, and his eldest son, Nicolas,
with whom we now have to do, had attained
the rank of General of the Imperial suite,
and was dispatched to Bokhara at the h.?d
of an extrordinary Russian mission. I may
add that Paul Ienaticw, in common with
other Russian dignitaries, had paid due at
tention to filling his pockets, and had ac
cordingly hecome a. weaitny man.
The Acquisition or Amoor.
The mission to Bokhara met wRhcom-
flete success, and, as a reward, Nicolas
gnatiew was appointed Ambassador to
China. There a happy chance, combined
with conduct on the part of Ignatiew and
There are at present two Czars in Russia.
One wears the crown and is recognized by
the Governments of the world. The other
is as yet uncrowned, although he hopes
some day to possess that final mark of the
power he already wields. One nods his
head and the Russian Empire seems to
thake; the other hides his head and unseen
brings about such a relation of circum
stances that the man with the title is com
pelled to shape his ways according to the
unsuspected wilL One sits upon the throne;
the other is not only the power behind the
throne, but his power is exercised unknown
to the throne itself. One is Czar Alexander
IIL; the other is Nicholas Ignatiew.
Ho Rose From the Peasantry.
How comes it that Ignatiew, a wealthy
banker of St Petersburg, a man who has
held no official sedition of consequence, if
any, for ten years, has attained this ex
traordinary and peculiar eminence?
lie is the son of an ordinary peasant,
whose career shows that a country need not
be democratic in order to offer advantageous
opportunities tor promotion to station and
wealth to those most lowly born. Paul
Ignatiew, the lather of the uncrowned Czar,
was sent by the lord of his province into
the army as a recruit. Once enrolled, he
was assigned to the Imperial Guard because
of his unusual stature. With this
advantage he combined exceptional alert
ness of mind, and he soon attracted the
tttention ot a powerlnl General, who made
Alexander HZ of Jluuia.
hifi fripndq nfc nnnrt. thf ntirwin Ta Mnanl.J
as strictly honorable, brought great distinc
tion to the diplomatist. At that time the
Governor General of Eastern Siberia was
Mouraviefl, who was a man of good Charac
ter. No public or private moneys clung to
his fingers. Unhappily, as is too
well known, Russian officialdom is honey
combed with corruption, and by reason of
his probity Mouraviefl stood head and shoul
ders above his colleagues. He saw that the
country could neter be properly developed
without a more southerly approach to the
tea, either Bering or Okotsk; that such an
approach could be secured by the annexa
tion of Amoor; and that unless Russia
could secure possession of that province her
interests would be in constant danger from
Chinese agression. Jlouravieff laid this
Bcheme before the Czar and the Govern
ment at St. Petersburg, and repeatedly
urged its acceptance, but without positive
result. Then there was an unexpected and
terrible massacre of Christians in China,
and Western Europe was aroused to the
point of a conjoint attack upon China in
reparation. Up to this time the Chinese
had been intoxicated with the false notion
of inaccessibility of their country and the
inflexibility of their army. The truth ap
peared to them like a flash; they sawthat a
combined attack by European powers must
be crowned by success, and vain confidence
gave way to fright.
lenatlew Claimed all the Credit.
Ignatiew saw how to make use of this mo
ment of terror. He had never broached
to the Pekin Government the subject of the
cession of Amoor, but now he suddenly de
manded this, threatening war in the event
Of rpfllfl1. And Ha nrnmtiail thn f-tmA.U!
and support of Russia against Europe i I
case the demand wore granted. The Chinese
yielded. Amoor became Russian territory,
and Ignatiew, regardless of Mouravlefrs
preliminary work, without whloh the an
nexation would not have been possible or
thought of, hastened to acquaint St. Peters
burg with what he had done, claiming all
the merit of the affair for himself.
This achievement gave Ignatiew great, if
unmerited, distinction in Russia and Eu
rope generally as a diplomatist, and it
brought about another promotion; he was
appointed Ambassador at Constantinople.
It is well known that the art of diplomaoy,
as practiced in the Orient, is colored very
greatly by intrigue, and Czar Alexander
was soon convinced that he had
only to push the Russian lorces to
the banks of the Danube, and all
Turkey, like Jericho of old at the sound of
the trumpet, would fall before him. Igna
tiew rejoiced that he bad so easllv hood
winked his monarch, and of the millions
sent to him expended but a small portion
for the purpose of corruption. The re
mainder, after the manner of the tvpical
Russian statesman, he pocketed. He owns
lands to the value of many millions in var
ious provinces, and has millions in ready
money at St. Petersburg, which he loans at
usurious interest. He enriched not only
himself, but his family and his wife's
family also. His wife was a poverty
stricken princess of Tartar extraction.
His Brother a Mannfe ctarlng Magnate.
As intrigue succeeded intrigue at Constan
tinople, as each brought its profit to Ignatiew,
Mme.Ignatiew's brother established factory
after factory on his property in the
Province of Riazan, where as last he nearly,
if not quite, controls the industries of car
pet, cloth, class making, etc. So matters
on until 1876, a year that marks an epoch in
Russian history. At this time, side by side
with other conspiracies more or less insig
nificant, conspiracies by different organiza
tions, socialistic, anarchistic, nihilistic, and
so on nine out of ten of which were made
up by the police side by side with all these
lesser conspiracies there arose one of enor
mous proportions, one that possessed and
still possesses international importance.
To a great part ot the operations of this
conspiracy I was an ocular witness, and
many of the leaders were personally known
to me.
It originated as long ago as 1856 in St
Petersburg. There was nothing whatever
of liberalism in its programme, no patriotio
aim to curtail the power of the throne and
give to Russia a constitutional or parlia
mentary government, no design of effecting
needed reforms. Its object was nothing
more or less than to overturn the Czar and
set up a new dynasty on the same lines.
Such an event had happened before in Rus
sian history, and the originators of the con
spiracy saw no reason why it should not
happen again. This conspiracy is in exist
ence to-day.
A Conspiracy Involving Great Names.
To this conspiracy have belonged many
Ministers, Walupew, Reitern, Tolstoi (not
the celebrated author, but a relative), and
several members of the royal family; for
example, he who died recently, Prince Con
stantine, brother of Alexander IL, and
Prince Peter of Oldenburg. Some time
after the inception of this conspiracy the
leadership passed into the hands of a man
renowned lor energy and activity, Ivan
Aksakow, of Moscow. He began to aspire
to the Russian crown. Following the sug
gestions of those of the conspirators who
were in the Russian army, Aksakow
gained the aid ot Servia, or, to speak more
precisely, Russian agents were sent into
Servia, who eventually inflamed publio
sentiment there to such an extent that
the 'unequal war of little Servia
against Turkey was instigated, and this pro
voked the declaration ot war by Russia
against the Ottoman Empire. Trusting to
the assurances of Ignatiew, Czar Alexander
IL was not sufficiently prepared when he
threw himself against Turkey. Near Biela,
in Bulgaria, he was surrounded by the
Turks, and at Plevna the brave Osman
Pacha checked the Russian advance. Then
at last Alexander IX saw that Ignatiew had
deceived him, and when, reproached by the
Czar, the former ambassador to Turkey be
gan to explain matters in an impertinent
fashion, the Czar lost all control of his tem
per and struck his faithless servant several
times. It goes without saving that Igna
tiew saw in this an end to his official career.
hand all that was lelt for him was to deolde
how he could revenge himself most effect
ively for his fall and disgrace.
Beoomos Head of the Conspiracy.
Admiral Nicholas Tchichatchow, of
Odessa (he is now Minister of Marine), an
old friend of Ignatiew's, aided him in this
matter. He showed Ignatiew how he might
take the plaoe of Aksakow, and then the
Czar would be in his hands. Ignatiew fol
lowed Tchichatchow's plan, and made a
proposition to Aksakow to the effect that
they should co-operate. Aksakow knew
that such an alliance threatened him with
certain peril, but at the same time he recog
nized the character of Ignatiew and the
methods he employed; there was nothing
but to accept Two mortal enemies to the
Russian throne and to each other became
ostensibly allies, each meanwhile making
attacks upon the other.
Such a state of things could not endure
long. At last Aksakow himself was poi
soned. Thanks to Ignatiew's far-reaching
Oeneral Ignatiew.
power there was no effective search for the
assassins and for the same reason nothing
had been done about the murder of two men
a little previous to this time officers of
gendarmes at Kiew, Baron Von Keiking
and the solicitor to the military tribunal,
General Steluikow, shot at Odessa. Both
these men were grave obstacles in the way
ot Ignatiew's designs.
At this point, if he had not done so be
fore, the reader will probably exclaim:
But where are the proofs for these astound
ing statements?
There Is Ample Proof of It.
. The question is fair and demands atten
tion, but I trust the reader will see the dif
ficulty, if not the impossibility of returning
a categorical answer. I have said that many
of the operations of the great conspiracy
came under my personal observation and
that many of the actors are personally
known to me. Fifty busy years spent in
Russia (I have been but a few months in
England) fit me, I may ventnre to presume,
to speak with Borne confidence on Russian
affairs. Moreover, I speak not from my
own knowledge and observation alone. I
have the word of many honorable men in
substantiation and corroboration of my state
ment; but if I were to mention names and ad
dresses, or quote from correspondence and
other documents, is it not clear that many
people would be brought to undeserved dis
tress? One or other of the two Czars would
surely visit the most terrible punishment
upon those who were known to be unduly
cognizant of the secret workings either of
the Government that is or the Government
that hopes to be. I must, therefore, beg a '
considerable measure of trust for my own
word.
In bis capacity of secret but real Gover
nor ot tho so-called empire of the Czars,
Nicolas Ignatiew always arranged that the
acknowledged Czar, Alexander IIL, shall
never approach the Russian people, and
that the people shall see in the Czar, not
their protector, but the friend of the nobili
ty and the officials. . This policy, so peril
ous to the Russian throne, Ignatiew main
tains systematically and with an iron hand.
It should be understood that the Czar is not
only devoid of civic ability, but that an im
portant element in his character is cow
ardice. Death for a Cigarette.
Everybody will recall the death of De
Reitern, aide de camp to the Czar, whose
father was Minister ot Finance and Presi
dent of the Ministerial Council, and a mem
ber, therefore, of the most powerful olass of
Russian officials. One day when young De
Reitern, who was personally liked by Alex
ander IIL, was on duty in the Czar's apart
ments, he ventured to smoke a cigarette in
the reception room. Suddenly the Czar en
tered. In order to conceal the smoke De
Reitern promptly put the cigarette in the
skirt pocket ot his uniform. The Czar saw
the act and this, with De Rei tern's ev
ident consternation, was sufficient
proof to him that De Reitern meant
to kill him, and that he had put his hand
into his pocket in order to draw a pistol.
Without further thought the Czar, who has
tremendous physical strength, especially in
the arms and fists, struck De Reitern upon
the temple with such violence that the aide
de camp fell dead. Then they showed him
how a simple cigarette had frightened the
monarch of Russia, of a country containing
100,000 of. inhabitants.
Ignatiew plays skillfully upon this per
sonal cowardice of Alexander IIL When
the Czar was about to be crowned at Mos
cow on May 15, 1883, Ignatiew feared that
the leaders ot the peasantry assembled
from all parts of Russia to take part in the
ceremony'would return home with a favor
able impression of the new ruler. Ignatiew
saw that it was imperative, in view of his
old designs, that the Czar should declare
himself frankly and wholly as the enemy
ot the peasants. That was brought about
in this way: Just before the coronation at
Moscow several people in St Petersburg
dressed in peasants' costume tried to enter
the palace of the Czar by force, the palace
called Anicskow, situated in the center of
the Perspective Nevsky, the most im
portant street in the capital. These
people, who, without doubt, were per-
lectiy well Known to the prefect ot at
Petersburg, General Pierre de Gresser, a
devoted adherent of Ignatiew, ran away;
nobody gave ohase; nobody tried to arrest
them, but everybody in the capital was as
tounded at the episode, which was laid be
fore the Czar as a plan ot the peasantry,
profiting bv his absence, to effect a revolu
tion. The Czar was frightened and irritated,
and under the influence of his excitement
he delivered to the peasants who were pre
sented to him an address overflowing with
anger. Thanks to this speech all the Rus
sian peasantry understood that the Czar
was against them. Ignatiew had won.
Ignatiew Wrecks the Czar's Train.
Five years later, that is, in 1888, Alex
ander IIL proposed to make a tour ot Rus
sia with his wife and children. This jour
ney had its perils lor Ignatiew, because
the Czar, might chance to meet well in
formed and candid men who could open his
eyes to the truth, in which event Ignatiew
would lose alL To ward off this catastrophe
the wrecking of the train bearing the
Czar's retinue, which will be remembered
by evervbody, was arranged; it occurred oa
October 17, 1888. at Borki, near Kharkow.
This was a bloody lesson, a terrible warning
addressed to the Czar, and the moral was
that Alexander IIL would better not travel
in Russia for the purpose of learning any
thing about his dominion. Anatol Koni,
Solicitor General to the Senate, a man de
voted soul and body to Ignatiew, investi
gated the wreck in such a manner that the
criminals never were discovered.
In the present famine situation, in order
that the Czar may not listen to the peasants'
plain'lve voice, that he may not approach
the people, which would bo dangerous for
Ignatiew's designs, he is kept in such a
state of terror that he dares not set foot
outside of Gatohina, his residence. Every
thing Is effeeted by Ignatiew's clique. To
this end they arranged the breakdown near
Orol on the Opuchta river. And so Igna
tiew continues his dark plans this Igna
tiew who tor many years has been awaiting
the disruption of Russia, preparing, as did
the Czar Boris Coudouow under similar
circumstances, to place upon his own head
the Russian crown.
BUNKOED BY 7HEIR WlVSa
How Two Fair Schemers Saccrufally
Worked Th-ir Unsuspicious Lords.
Chicago Mall.J
A Chicago wife lost summer induced her
husband to promise to give her all the silver
half dollars and quarters he received which
bore an odd date. Then the fair schemer
took into her confidence a number of men
with whom her husband had business deal
ings, requesting them to save for her un
suspecting spouse all the odd dated sub
sidiary coin they chanced to take in. The
consequence was that the husband was sur
prised beyond measure to find that a re
markably large number of his bills there
after were paid in' small coin, which his
wife promptly confiscated under her own
proposition. He would hare been bank
rupted very speedily had he not smelled a
rat and promptly struck his colors by effect
ing a compromise. '
Now comes a story of a similar financial
scheme which for neatness of design and
promptness of execution has rarely, If ever,
been equaled. In the second case the hus
band promised to give his wife all the silver
pieces she found in his wallet which were
coined the year she was born. As a result
the lady in due course of time had quite an
amount of silver money on hand so much,
in fact, that she went to the bank and de
posited it in her name. Then speaking to
the cashier, she said: "My husband tells
me you are going to pay him some money
to-dav."
"Won't you please pav him in the silver
I have jnst deposited? I will be so much
obliged to you if you do."
Ot course the cashier, being noted for his
courtesy to ladies, quickly replied that he
would "be happy to please her. But the
husband was not hilariously happy when he
found that, by a most unaccountable combi
nation of circumstances, his wife's small
fortune had suddenly been doubled, while
he had been bunkoed out ot a good round
rtjif 'vfyJL
ru wm?&i
j2- "
THE LAST
5IGNAL
USS&ffict&b.i. S3r5552S5-i
SHcSfeaS
f-lk7,a.n
' -mini ' s,
y?
English Sparrows Here and Elsewhere.
Boston Journal.
An Englishman visiting this country
hastens to disclaim insular prejudices when
he declares that the much discussed and
abused sparrow is a more beautiful bird "at
home" than he is in America. The chirpy
little fellow's feathers here are muddy and
dull in appearance. In England his plumage
is bright, glossy and decidedly attractive.
He attributes the difference to the climate.
Here the climate is changeable, one extreme
following another quite closely, while in
Eneland the fog and dampness are perhaps
conducive to brighter plumage.
So Ton Admire John Chinaman's Com
plexion? Probably not Even were John's eyes not
cnt on a bias and his nose broad In the beam,
his tint would stamp him as the reverse of
beautiful. Yet a white man with the Jaun
dice is of the same hue, only mors pro
nounced. Biliousness, with its symptoms of
furred tongue, yellowish skin and eyeballs,
pains in the right side, sick headaches, ver
tigo, must, if unchecked, culminate in jaun
dice and congestion of the liver. Remedy
this trouble and remove its attendant symp
toms, dyspepsia and constipation, with Hos
tetter's Stomach Bitters, which also cures
malaria, rheumatic and kidney troubles.
Bea enrol, tea sets, newest designs; knives,
folks and spoons. Extra value thU week at
Stelnmann's, 105 Federal street ttsu
" t
The
WBITTEX TOR THE DISPATCH
BY DORA RUSSELL,
Author of "Footprints in the Snow," "The Broken Seal,
Track of the Storm," "A Fatal Past," Etc.
SYNOPSIS OF f KEYIOU3 CHAPTEE3.
Two lovers. Sir James MacKennon, Bart, and Miss Miriam Clyde, are standing by the
seashore, and the former is urging her to name the wedding day. She pleads for delay. la
the meantime an accident ooonrs, a soldier being wounded dv a firing party. Miriam binds
up his wound and saves his life. Glanolng at each other's face a mutual recognition takes
place, and both are agitated. On arriving home the doctor who was summoned to tna
wounded man gave her a note which the soldier had hastily scribbled. It contains the
words "For God's sake keep my secret."
CHAPTER HX
THE DOCTOE IX THE OASS.
Miriam read these brief words again and
again, then she passionately kissed them,
and her tears rushed out on them.
"Poor, poor fellow," she murmured, "he
need not have been afraid."
And she was still holding the note in her
hand; still gazing at it with her tearful eyes,
when she heard the handle of the door turn,
and her mother's voice demanding admit
tance. "My dear, are you 111? WTiy have you
looked your door?" said Mrs. Clyde out
side. In a moment Miriam had hidden the note
in her dress, and then she unlocked the
door, and her mother entered, looking at
her gravely as she did so.
"What is the matter, Miriam?" she said.
"Why dideyou hurry from the drawing
room In such wonderful haste?"
"I turned suddenly faint, mother," an
swered Miriam, who was confused and
trembling, and her mother's quick glance,
saw at once that her eyes were stained with
tears.
"I am very sorry for that; you really
quite startled me, and you carried away my
novel, too," said Mrs. Clyde, pointing to
the book lying on the toilet table, which
Miriam had brought up.
"I forgot I had it in my hand Lturned
suddenly faint"
"But why did you lock your door, my
dear?"
"I did not want anyone to know I wasnot
well. I thought it wu be3t not to say any
thing." "Well, Dr. Reed thinks, and I think too,
that this accident to the poor soldier has
been too much lor you. He recommended
me to give you a little sal-volatile, and
though, my dear Miriam, I am pleased you
were able to give some little help, I think
in fntnre you had better not attempt to do
anything of this kind; your nerves are evi
dently not equal to it"
"It was very trying, certainly," faltered
Miriam. "I think, mother, if yon do not
mind I should like to have some sal-volatile,
and then lie down and rest a little
while before dinner."
"That will be the wisest plan, I tolnkj
the two young men are gone, and your
father has gone with them, as he is anxious
about the poor soldier, so I'll send the sal
volatile up to you by Ford, and then lie
down and get a rest"
"Yes, mother," said Miriam, and with a
pleasant little nod Mrs. Clyde turned away'
and left the room, and Miriam was alone.
But she did not lie down as she said she
would. She went to her desk and opened
it with trembling hands, and then sat down
to write a note to Dr. Reed, and also a few
lines to the wounded soldier under his care.
She had placed her envelopes and paper
ready to this when Ford appeared with tha
sal-volatile. Ford was a spritely, good
looking girl, beloved by many soldiers,
though she always declared to her mistress
that she would "not look at one of them."
However this might be, and Mrs. Clyde
had some reason to doubt the exact truth of
her statement, numerous soldiers certainly
looked at her. Banks, the Indoor servant
of the Colonel, was devoted to her, and one
or two orderlies who came about the house
with letters, etc., were dcubless captives to
her charms.
Miriam Clyde liked her, and Ford liked
Miriam, and now Miriam was about to ask
a favor from her hands, and with a sudden
flush to her pile cheeks, she did this, as
Ford set down the gloss containing the sal
volatile. "Ford, I want you to do something for
me," she began.
"I'm sure I'd be very pleased, Miss
Miriam," answered Ford, with, the pleasant '
ready smile that had ensnared the hearts of
the orderlies.
"I I want a letter posted to Dr. Reed,"
continued Miriam, blushing deeply, for she
did not like asking favors from servants.
"I want it posted without anyone seeing it
I do not want mother to know that I have
senUt"
Ford opened her bine eyes a little wider,
as, ot course, she knew of Mis3 Miriam's
engagement to Sir James McKennon. Bus
she was a young woman with liberal notions
on the subject ot lovers, and concluded thai
Miss Miriam had a fancy for two.
"Of course, Mis Miriam, I'll post it,"
she answered, promptly. "And if I can't
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Refrigerators.
Hanging Lamps.
Dining Chairs."
Piano Lamps.
Office Desks.
Table Covers.
Bronze Figures.
China Closets.
Wardrobes.
Lounges.
Odd Pieces.
Smyrna Rugs.
Gas Stoves.
Ice Boxes.
Table Cutlery.
Extension Tables.
Willow Ware.
Glassware.
Kitchen Furniture,
Lodge Furniture.
Dressing Tables.
Chiffoniers.
Ranges.
Mny an odd earner In yonr honM
would be much Improved by an ODD
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OUR STOCK OF
CARPETS
CARRIES THE DAY.
Our large and elegant stock, our new and attractive
patterns, our remarkably low prices attract careful buyers.
We have had a regular Spring Rush in this depart
ment this season. It has been a triumphal march to the
front rank as the largest and lowest-priced Carpet House
in the city.
OUR MAMMOTH STOCK
Contains an endless variety of patterns to select from. We
can please you and save you money on Carpets, Lino
leums, Oilcloths, Mattings, etc.
LOVERS OF FINE FURNITURE
ARE INVITED TO INSPECT
PARLOR SUITES,
BEDROOM SUITES,
LIBRARY, HALL
AND
DINING ROOM
FURNITURE.
miiMkmid