Iwzrrrxn roa the disfatch.1 Although man j school teachers are really fondol their work, lew of them care to look look forward to its lifelong continuance! They prefer to think that future years will find them in a po sition less laborious and more prominent. Bach has her own ambition, and the nature of the am bition, like that of the woman, varies greatly. There are so many Miss Clara barton. kinds of schoolmarmsl First comes tne strong-minded woman, whose firm features and methodical habits eTidence a nature resolute and even stern. She despises the frivolities oflife, and longs for an opportu nity to rule in a wider sphere. The children respect but sometimes fear her, for she is apt to he severely just in the use of the rattan. Then there is the pale-faced teacher, whoe dreamy eyes and hectic cheek suggest hoarded manuscripts and midnight oil burned before the shrine of poesy. She is by nature gentle, but the harassing nature of her work frequently preyi upon and spoils her temper. This One Generally Gets Married. Another type is the clever but rather superficial girl, who can write a happy ketch or conduct a spark ling flirtation with the same buoyant spirit. Young men are afraid of her occasional sarcasm; and if she be fair as well as witty she is looked upon with jealous disfavor by her own sex. This girl is, at the outset, unde- ciaea in ner mina as 10 jj, Avguzta what her vrcation in life Chapin. may be. She would like to write the book of the centurv, to be elected the first female President of 'the United States, or to tread the boards as a successor of Mary Anderson. She generally ends by becoming somebody's wife, and loses all her ambition. A fourth schoolmarm that we all know is the "maid, with downcast eyes, demure," who has "such a nice way" among her girl pupils. They are not a bit jealous of her. The School JIarm Composite. because she does not flirt ostentatiously and seems altogether wrapped up in her teach ing. They bpeak rapturously of her at their houses, and thus all their male rela tives come to know and appreciate the good qualities of the little schoolmarm. This kind of woman is made to be married, and she usually does get married. Teachers who take up their profession, not from anv necessity for employment, but rather trom pure love ot the work, frequently re main teachers to the end. Of this class the late Miss Anne Jemima Clouzh, principal of the Newnham College, Cam bridge, was an example. Miss dough was com vfortablv situated as to money matters, but her sojourn in America bad taught her that the humdrum life of an Bev. Antoinette Blacku.cH. English gentlewoman of means is not the most desirable for a busy mind. Accord ingly Ehe taught school in Liverpool, while formulating her plans lor the higher educa tion of women. When the nucleus of Uewn ham Collese was founded, in 187G, Miss Clough took charge of the venture and gov erned it until her death, a few months ago, with consummate skill and judgment. Madame Bodichon, the founder of the English artisan's school system, and now of Girton Collere, Newnham's rival, was the daughter of the wealthy Benjamin Leigh Smith, M. I., and had no other incentive to teach than her own desire to do good. Sliss Clara Barton, another school teacher, who began life with a plentiful income, might have remained a teacher still, were it not that the outbreak of the war sum moned her to other fields of labor. Miss The Cherifa of Wazan ( Jfi EmUy Kecne). Barton opened the free schools of Borden town, 27. J., with six pupils, and left them with over 690. Early in the war she be came a voluntary nurse, and nursing has tince been her profession, in which she has wnn distinction during the war and at the time of the Johnstown flood. Those Torced to Iho Schools. On the contrary, women who are driven into teaching bv stern necessity irequently leave the profession to pursue other avoca tions. It is the same with school marms as It is with soldiers. The voluntary recruit often dies in uniform, while the unwilling conscript takes the first opportunity of leav ing his regiment when his stipulated term of service expires. Among the conscripts of the school desk were Mrs. Clarence 8. Lozier, Sarah W. Parton ("Fanny Fern") and Dr. Elizabeth BlackwelL Mrs. Lozier was driven into teaching in order to support an invalid husband, an odd, but not uncom mon, re ersal of the usual order of things. Immediately after her husband's death she left the prolession in which her heart had sever been 6et, and began the career which fir fK 4mS8k jflPrai trSfsijPN vm: culminated in her being selected as dean of the "Women's Medical College, pf New York. "Fanny Fern" was a poor widow with out any means of support when she tried pedagogy; but she was speedily lured from what she deemed "school-room drudgery" into the even harder drudgery of literary life. Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, English by birth, was left destitute at the are of 17 by the death of her father. She found herself penniless, with a large family of brothers and sisters, in the great city of Cincinnati. &fg j A? ' tJF Mrs. Jfacfccry. "Well-meaning friends secured for her a po sition in one of thenbllo schools, and Miss Blackwell taught until her brothers wAe able to earn their own bread. Then, follow ing the example of her sister-in-law, Bev. Antoinette Blackwell, she left teaching to aim at higher things. After years of study and perseverance she succeeded in obtain ing from Geneva College the first medical diploma ever granted to an American woman. An Inborn Taste for Teaching. Another class of schoolmarms are teachers by hereditv. They are the children of edu cators, and follow the profession of teach ing by instinct almost. One of these was Louisa May Alcott, whose father, Amos 1L Alcott, was a celebrated school principal. Miss Alcott, like Miss Clara Barton, left teaching to become a nurse during the war. Rose Elizabeth Cleveland, sister of Presi dent Cleveland, was the daughter of a min ister and educator. At an early age she be gan to teach, nd has continued to do so since, with the exception of the period dur ing which she acted asmistress of the White House, before her brother's marriage. Mrs. Emma Willard's father and mother were both school teachers and the authoress her self commenced instructing before she was 16 vears of age. Used as a stepping stone to other profes sions, school teaching has often proved a success. It inculcates several notable qual ities, foremost among which are patience and self-restraint. It gives splendid facili ties for the observation of -character; and has been of great use to many women novelists who began life in the professor's rostrum. Mrs Hartley (nee Lafian), author of that incomparable bit of street Arab his tory, 'Tatters, Flitters and the Counselor," was for many years a Dublin schoolmarm; very probably she selected her types from the ragged urchins who flocked to her school from the Coombe and other poverty-stricken districts of the Irish capital Mrs. Hartley acquired a severity ot demeanor while a teacher which is a source of positive terror to people who meet her for the first time. The Female Dr. Johnson. Mild yonng curates who encounter the literary lioness at aiternoon teas have been known to creep under tables in order to es cape the ponderous criticism of this lady, who is known in Dublin as the ''female Dr. Johnson." Louisa M. Alcott, "Fanny Fern," Emma Willard and others have im mortalized many of their old pupils in their novels and stories. To the lecturer and debater experience in teaching is eminently useful in the amount of information it supplies and in the power of speaking on almost any subject, which is one ot its attributes. These qualities have done much to keep Susan B. Anthony, Ann Elizabeth Dickinson and other ex-teachers before the public as lecturers and reformers. Mrs. Antoinette Blackwell, the female minister and-theologian, testifies warmly to the good influence of early school teaching in her career. "I taught "school," she says, "at the age of 16 and subsequently during my vacations from Oberlin College. I think that every minister of the gospel should have, like me, some preliminary ex perience as a teacher. The direction of a class or school is excellent practice for the direction of a congregation." Mrs. OlympiaB. Willis, the Universalist minister, a sister of Mrs. Blackwell, was a teacher in earlv life, as was Miss Augusta Chapin, pastor of the Oak Park Oniversal istCbnrch. Miss Chapin occupied the po sition of school principal at Lansing and Lyons, Mich., for several years. Many school marms have made brilliant marriages. Margaret Fuller, who taught school in Providence, K. L, and Boston to help her brothers, afterward became the wife of the Marquis d'Ossolie, a member of a famous Italian house; and would have taken a high place in Italian pnblio life were it not for her untimely death by drowning. This Onn May Be an Empress. Miss Emily Keene, an Irish woman who went to Africa as a governess and taught school at Tangier is now Cherifa of Wazan, and may one dav be Empress of Morocco. Miss Kecne attracted the attention ot the Cherif of Wazan, a direct descendant of the Prophet Mohammed and high priest of the. Mohammedan sect's in Northern Africa. The Cherif asked her to marry him and she consented, on condition that he was to marry no more wives and to abandon all such wives as he has already. The Cherif practically controls the destinies of Mo rocco, of which he plays the part of Mikado to the Sultan's Tycoon. By Miss Keene he Fanny Fern. THE has two sons, the eldest of whom, Mulal Ali; an accomplished linguist, educated by his mother, is as popular with the Moham medans as he is with the English. It is confidently hoped that the young Cherif will one jay sit upon the throne of Mo rocco. Madame de Maintenon, on the death of her husband, Scarron, became a teacher in one of the Parisian convents and afterward tutor of the children of Louis XIV. Her wit and adroitness won for her the affec tions of the "Grand Monarque," who pri vately married her in 1719. In spite of the fact that she wrfs the Queen Consort of France, Madame de Maintenon devoted herself to education till the last, dying in the great Convent of St. Cyr, which she had founded. Not a few wives of prominent Americans of to-day have been school-marms. A notable instance is that of Mrs. John W. Mackay. Mrs. Mackay spent her earliest years in Virginia City, Nev., as a school teacher before she met the Bonanza King. Doubt less she is indebted to that period of her life for the consummate tact in her social affairs which has made her the1 leader of the American colony in Paris. Not an Unhealthy Profession. School teaching, according to the popular impression, is injurious to the health. This may be the case when the teacher is naturally of a nervous or delicate tempera ment: hut to such people nearly every kind of arduous labor is dangerous. As a matter of fact, statistics do not show that school--marms diu any earlier than other women; and the number of teachers who live to ad vanced aces is very numerous. Emma Willard lived to the age of 83, Miss Clough to that of 80, and Madame de Genlis to that of 84. Prudence Crandall, the first white woman to open a regular school for colored children, lived to the great age of 90. Louisa M. Alcott, Susan B. Anthony, Mrs. Lozier, Principal Dorothy Beal, of the Cheltenham College; Principal Fanny M. Busy, of the North London College: Lydia M. Child, and many other English and American schoolmarms lived long past the meridian of human existence. In Europe baseless conservatism and prejudice kept many female school teachers from acquiring the fame they deserved. In isolated cases, however, women arose whose genius disarmed all opposition. Among these were Isabella Andreiirt. of Padua, who was born in 1562, and aught a chil dren's school before she was 12 years of age; and the still more celebrated Laura Maria Bassi, of Bologna, born in 1711, who re ceived the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the age of 21. The latter lady occupied the Chair of Philosophy in the University of Bologna from 1743 to 1778. Anna Maria Schurmann, born at Cologne in 1607, was a notable educator and classical scholar; and the unfortunate Hcloise, in her position as prioress of the great Convent of Argenteuil, gave her the power of instilling into the minds of the noblest demoiselles of France those principles which in her youth she had herself neglected. A General Average or Character. The schoolmarm, like the poet, is born, not made. To reach the ideal of the educa tor's dreams the female school teacher should possess a combination of the most varied and excellent qualities. The accompanying composite picture represents 27 schoolmarms selected as types from as many States ot the Union. The photographs of wnicli the picture is a com bination were chosen at random from a number representing similar attitudes. It will be seen that the composite lace is an intellectual one, and evidences executive ability. The forehead is broa'd, the head well shaped, and the eyes expressive of sincer ity. The length of chin, breadth of cheek and firm month show a good deal of latent character, and yet the general aspect of the face is thoroughly sympathetic and wo manly. On the whole it may be taken as a fairly accurate representation of the na tional type of schoolmarm. CATABBHAI UDAFNESU. Buzzing, Cracltinc, Roarlnc and Pressing in the Ears. On February 16, 1S92, the Pe-ru-na Drug Manufacturing Company received the fol lowing letter from B. Walter Brady, Cas cade, Ark.: "I take pleasure in recommending your medicines. The benefit I have derived from the use of your medicines could not be bought for any amount of money. When I was about 5 years old I had a long spell of typhoid fever and pneumonia. After I got well I took the running at the ears, and for 14 years I was almost an invalid. It was so continual and so offensive that I excluded myself from all society. I could do nothing, was unfit for manual labor, and L had al most come to the conclusion that it would be better if I were dead. My father con sulted several doctors. They said I had an abscess in my head. I tried" several kinds of medicines, but they were of no avail; so I gave it np and thought it might be that I would outgrow it. After I had borne it for 14 years I received a pamphlet from Dr. S. B. Hartman, entitled The Ills of Lite.' I had given np all hope of ever being cured, but would have tried anything. I wrote to Dr. Hartman to know what be would charge for taking my case on the insurance. He wrote me that the remedy was simple and that I could cure myself. After using $17 worth of your remedies I found I was en tirely cured. I am now as active, stout and hearty as any young man could wish to be. The world could not bny my fortune. I recommend it to all as the best medicine sold." sfln recent cases, not of more than two years' duration; Pe-ru-na, taken as directed on the bottle, will effect a cure in a few weeks or months. The cure is hastened by gradually increasing the dose recommended on the bottle to a double dose. But cases like the above, where the discharge from the ear is of long standing, and especially if it be of a letid odor, La-cu-pi-a should be taken according to the directions on the label until the system is thoroughly cleansed, after which the Pc-ru-na will com plete the cure. There need be no failures to obtain a cure in a single case. A cure is within reach of all. A valuable pamphlet of 32 pages, setting forth in detail the treatment ,ot catarrh, coughs, colds, sore throat, bronchitis and consumption, in every phase of the disease, will be sent free to any address by the Pe-ru-na Drug Manufacturing Company, of Columbus, O. This book should be in every household, as it contains a great deal of re liable Information as to the .cure and pre; vention of all catarrhal and kindred diseases. Wants to Be Vie First Female President. PITTSBURG- DISPATCH, THE NATURAL HUMAN Yery Often- Comes Out In All Its Original Sin in tne Family. A TERI HARD PLACE TO BE GOOD. Another That Brings Oat the Bad Side Is the Boarding House. JJCAGIKAT10K Hf TOUGH BEBPSTJSAS: witrmaf ron m dispatch. 1 The subject to which I ask attention to day is the Christian in the family. I desire to say a word in the beginning in regard to the Christian who is not in the family. I mean the Christian who lives in a boarding house. I am sure that that touches a good many people in my newspaper congrega tion. I am sorry for tho Christian who lives !in a boarding house, in a house that is not a home, in whloh he Is honored in proportion to the regularity with which he pays-his bills. I believe that a great many men and women who live under these conditions are lonely and homesick and heartsick. And yet I am- sincerely thankful when I reflect upon the many good boarding houses that there are in this city, houses where those who live find homes, and where the board ing house keeper is a mother to the young -people beneath her roof. It seems to me that a Christian boarding house keeper can show her Christianity in the most practical way by taking a personal interest in those young people who are for the time members of her family, by looking after them when they are sick, by being genuinely and heartily concerned in $heir welfare. A Common Disease With Boarder. I am more sorry for the Christian in the boarding house when I reflect upon the temptations that he has. One of these is the temptation to be continually complain ing, to take a critical look at life, to be all the time under the impression that every thing is not being done that ought to be done, and that one is being misused and cheated. Everybody who has lived in a boarding houseknows how that spirit grows upon the boarder. Another temptation is the danger of being exceedingly solicitious about eating and drinking, and of caring more for these things than for much more important matters. The chief relation, in deed, whicn the boarder has to the boarding house is in the table, and there is that con stant temptation, which ought to be looked after, to think about those things which really ought to he beneath the emphatic notice of intelligent people. St. Paul had experience of boarding houses, yet he had learned no matter where he was, to be content. The Christian spirit is the spirit of content. Our Lord in all His ministry had no home of His own, yet He said we should not think about what we .should eat or drink, but about higher things, we should first seek the kingdom of God and His righteousness. Boarding House Christians Are Few. Another temptation which comes to the Christian in the boarding house is the temptation to be unsettled, to have no anchor, to feel alone aud to act without refer ence to other people, not to go to church. It is very hard to be a good Christian in a boarding' house. I am much more sorry, however, for the Christian in the boarding house when she is tho keeper of the board ing house. I have a good many friends who keep boarders, aud I know something about the look at life that they get, and I know that there are very few people in the world who see more selfishness and ingrati tude than they who serve in that capacity. It seems to me that the duty of the Chris tian in the boarding bouse is to remember all those who work in that house, to be con siderate, to be careful of their feelings and their time, to be on the watch for makijg life pleasanter for them. These are very practical and homely duties; but that is ex actly what Christianity is concerned with. It the Christian religion is not good for everything, says Buskin, it is not good for anything. We ought to realize that. Now that I have spoken of the Christian who is not in the family let me go on and say something about the family in which there is not a Christian. That, I am'afraid, would describe a good many families. Barely Get Enough to tire. But the family I have chiefly in mind, is that in which it is almost impossible to be a Christian. I mean the 'family that lives in a tenement house, the family that lives crowded in on the fifth or sixth floor of an unclean and narrow dwelling. We who have the privilege of family life ought to remember that a vast multitude ot our brothers and sisters have not that privilege at alL They live under conditions which make a decent life almost impossible. They are engaged in such a struggle for bare subsistence that it becomes almost out ot the question for them even to think about religion. And although I do not know that there is anything practical that we can do in the matter, we ought to have it in mind. We ought none of us to be content in our comfortable houses to sit down in satisfac tion there, without remembering the multi tudes of our brothers and sisters who are living under these unspeakably unchristian conditions. Somehow there must be a change. I hope the time will come when there will be no boarding houses aud no tenement houses on the face of the earth; when every family will live in its own house and have the blessing of a real family life. At any rate, we know that there will onfc time be a flay when there will be a land ot "many mansions," not one of which will be either a boarding house or a tenement house. Importance of the Family. I come now to the Christian in the family. The family is the most important institu tion on the face of the planet. The family is more important than the State. The family is more important than the Church. The t tmily is the heart Of the State and of the Church. The present and future of both Church and State depend absolutely upon the family. Because the family is the training school of character. The family is that institution in which human be ings are gathered together in their most impressionable time of life, and in which impressions are made which are never afterward forgotten. What kind of man hood or. womanhood the children are to grow up into will depend in a very great degree upon what kind of children they are, and what kind of training they get in the family. And so I say that the family is of immense importance. It is hardly possible to exaggerate the importance of the family. Accordingly, it is hardly possible to ex aggerate the importance of being a good Christian in the family. Because there is where a Christian counts more than any thing ehe. Church Christianity is very well, and society Christianity is still better, but home Christianity is best of alL Be cause whether the boys and girls are to be Christians or not depends upon the fathers and mothers. As the Father, So the Eon. The boy is going to be like his father and the girl like her mother. It seems to me that one of the most foolish ideas that can be held by sensible people is that the na- .rents ought not to try to "bias" the reli gious leelings ot their children. The great purpose of the family, the great reason for its existence, is in order that it may set its hias on the character in every direction. The father and the mother ought to have in their minds a clear ideal ot 'what is right, and to impress that ideal as firmly as they can upon the children. If a man and a woman believe it is right to be a Christian, they, ought to bring up their children to be the same kind of Christians they are. If a man and a woman believe that it is right to be an infidel, are -sure that it is the ideal lite, they ought to bring up .their children to be inndels, to account the Bible a lia and the Church a sham. 'The family, I say, is the most important SUNDAY, MAT 1 institution In the whole country. And yet it is the verdict of all experience that the most difficult place to be a Christian is in the family. Perhaps because there we are removed from restraint and our natural self comes out. The natural self, it is found in a vast number of cases, is not a very pleasant part cf us. Being; Christians Under Pressors. It is notorious how much better Christians people ore in the church and in society than they are right at home in their ownfamilies. And so the family affoids a test of Chris tianity. If a Christian is not a good Chris tian at home, he is not a good Christian anywhere; because the chances are that the face of the Christian is put on for the bene fit of other people. He does not need to put on anything at home; there we see exactly what he is. I sent to the printers a lilt of books the other dav whioh I desired to commend for Lenten reading. The title of one book was "Ethical Christianity." The printer got the wrong word, and called it "Ethereal Christianity." There is a great deal of ethereal Christianity in this world, whioh is all up in the air, which does not count in practical life. The kind of Christianity that we want Is ethical Christianity, which touches every hour in the day, 'and guides the man and woman in the homeliest house hold duties as much as it does in tie wor ship of the house of God. Now, what are the characteristics of the Christian in the family? One characteristic of the Christian in the family Is the spirit of courtesy. The Christian religion lays more stress than some people are aware of on good manners. Our Lord himself en. forced the importance of politeness. He rebuked the man who failed in some of the details of Oriental etiquette, who brought him no water to wash his feet. Good Manners In the Home. Blessed are the people who have good manners, He said m the Sermon on the Mount, "Blessed are the meek," we read it in our English version. Blessed aro the gracious people who have courtesy and good manners. Everybody knows now much more polite people are in society than they are in the family. Everybody knows how many people seem to keep all their good manners for their mere acquaintances, and have all their bad ones for those whom they ought to love best. Everybody knows the lack of courtesy between husbands and wives, and between parents and children. It is not a wonder that many children fail in this matter of courtesy, they have such a bad example set them. A great many parents expect their chil dren to be courteous and polite to them when they never think of being courteous and polite to their children. We have a great inspiration and help in the fact that our Lord lived all our life from the begin ning, and He said: "Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least, ye have done it unto Me." The treatment given to little children He counts as treatment given to Himself. The Christ-Child lives in every family. The trouble is that we let famili arity swallow up courfesyl One of the duties'of the Christian in 'the family is to be on watch against that against letting familiarity,' as Sir Arthur Helps said, swal low up courtesy. The Spirit or Fretful Faultfinding. Another characteristic of the Christian id the family is the spirit of forbearance. The Christian bears and forbears. The Christian forbears many a hasty Judgment, keeps back even the thought of criticism, and thereby abstains from many a hastily spoken word that would make ill feeling. There is nothing more friendly that can he done by one friend to another than the giv ing of earnest and wholesome criticism, when it is necessary. But criticism ought never to touch anything that is unnecessary. One of the evils of domestio life is fretful and exasperating fault-finding. The Chris tian in the family will forbear from it. The Christian will remember that all the people in the world are different. We have not learned that in the church yet, and we have not learned It in the family. We need to learn it in both places. It is perfectly true that other people may difler from us in tem perament, in ways of looking at things and in ways of doing things, and yet may be just as near right as we are. It will be a great help to family life If it can only be realized that people are different. One more characteristic ot the Christian in the family of which I will speak is this : that the Christian in the lamily is charac terized by the spirit of unselfishness. Un selfishness is the very heart of the Chris tian religion ; it is not possible for one to be a Christian and be selfish at the same time. Living to Be Waed On. We are Christians in proportion as we are unselfish, in proportion as we think of others before ourselves. The ideal Chris tian in the family is known by his constant 'solicitude for others ; by his desire to bring some contribution of his own to the happi ness and the interest of the household. So many people in this world seem to live for the purpose of being waited on I They seem to feel that they are the centers of the universe, and that everybody else ought to be doing something for them all the time. But the Son of Man came not to be minis tered unto but to minister, and He desires all those of us who try to follow Him to have that spirit in our hearts ; never to think of what people do fop us, bnt all the time be planning things to do for them. And then the Christian, with this spirit of courtesy, and of forbearance, and ot un selfishness, lives all this Christian life for the sake of Jesus Christ and in the name of Jesus Christ, and in ther strength of God. And he uses pll the spiritual agencies of his family life that he can find that will help to minister to the spiritual growth of all the members of the lamily. Every day is the word of prayer joined in by all the family together, so that the children are taught that there is such a thing as religion in the world, and that it is not meant to be locked up in the church on Sunday night, but to be used all the week. When the family are gathered at the table there is a recognition of God, the giver of all gifts, that religion may be brought close to common living. What kind of a life would the Lord Jesus Christ live in your family? The answer to that question tells us what kind of a Chris tian we ought everyone ot us to be in the family. Geoege Hodges. vrnxDma stoke op oma Owners of Quarries Will Be Represented In Two University Buildings. Two new buildings are in progress at the Ohio State University. One of them is de signed for the geological museum and, tem porarily, for the library. It will be fire proof and will be constructed entirely of Ohio materials All the various building stones of high quality will be represented, and the owners of quarries are willingly do? nating specimens for this purpose. The building will be called Orton Hall, in honor of the eminent Professor of Geology in the University, Dr. Edward Orton. The other building is intended for a manual training school, and will be named Hayes' Hall, in recognition of the distinguished services of ex-President Hayes in the cause of industrial education. A principaLebject of the school will be to prepare teachers of manual training for the public schools. The Eye In Electric Welding. Objection has been raised to the use of the electric arc in welding Jjecause of its effect upon the eyesight. A large foundry firm has made public the statement that they have used electric welding on an'ex tensive scale for two years in the manufac ture of tubes, fittings, elbows, bends, eta, for marine engineering and other purpoies, and they have not during the whole of,that period had a single case in which the eye Sight of the operator suffered permanently from the light emitted by the electric arc. Eor the purposes of protection they have uniformly used a specially prepared, ex tremely -darkr non-actinic juby glass, and they condemn the ordinary blue.glass, or non-actinic photographer's glass, as entirely useless. What Is more refreshing than a good night's sleep? But you can't sleep In a bed full of bedbugs. Buglne will olean them out effectually. 25 cents at all dealers. 1891 PENS OF PRESIDENTS. An Appointee of Lincoln Who Has a letter From Each Executive. . CHARACTER itf HAHDWRITIM. Light en Grant's Attitude Just After the Pall of Fort Sumter. ME. lBTHin?S PROMISE TO HE. SLIOE twmrrmr ros the ois imtch. "The feeling Whioh prompts th'e collec tion of autographs is a natural and rational one. Next to the person of a,dis tinguished man we desire to see his photograph, and next to his portrait, his autograph. In a man's handwriting there is something whioh seems o bring him before as in his trae idiosyncrasy," eta. lam of the opinion, the majority of us agree with the gifted, erratic author of that sentiment, Edgar Allen Poe. Certainly it was a great pleasure to me to be privileged not only to see and enjoy, but to make the following extracts from a set of autographic letters that enrich one of the largest collections probably owned by any man in the country, and heretofore unpublished. Colonel William H. Crook, the proud owner of these, who was appointed to a position in the President's office by Mr. Lincoln, and who somehow has been re tained through all the succeeding changes of administration, has had by virtue of this position superior advantages for indulging his pet hobby of collecting autographs and autographic letters. Interest centers in those of the Presidents, and of these he has a complete set from Washington to the present, Harrison. The letters, together with a fine steel engraving of each President, are artistically mounted on card-board. The letter of General Washington was written about a year Before he took com mand of the armies and is addressed to Dr. William Black (probably the editor of King and Qutci), and reads : Washington on a Ii md Deal. Sin I expect all the papers respecting your titlo to the lands purchased or you will shortly be in Mr. Wrytho's possession, when he will be notified whether your titlo Is good or not, and If he thinks you have a good title he will draw a paper conveyance which will be rendered to you by the bearer, Bartho. Dandridge, and he will see 'them properly by you. And, Mr. Black, whenever this conveyance la offered you, I shall look upon the contract between us to be absolutely confirmed and be pleased to accept this as a declaration of the confirmation thereof on the part of. Tour humblo servnnt, G. Washisoto. December 6. 1773. Washington's handwriting at this time was small and round, with just the least tendency to flourishes, but later in life his writing was much bolder and extremely legible, which leads one to wonder whether writing changes as the vicissitudes of life change. The letter of John Adams was written in answer to one by a Mr. If iles, Collector and Compiler of Colonial Records, and is a re quest to publish all the papers of Mr. Adams. It is written in a hand more nearly resembling that of a boy just learn ing t6 use the pen than that of a scholar and gentleman: Sib I have received my pamnhlet and vour register with your letter of the 20th. Inclosed are four naijers No. I, a letter from President Washington, August 27, 1790; No. 2, another letter oil same subject, writ ten same dan No. 3, first rou;h. draught of an answer In my handwriting. A copy of my nnswer to the President which was sont to him dated August 20. 1793, and which, if it was not consumed in the vandalion combus tion of Washington, is probably wow in be ing among the archives of the President. fhis request to nuDlUn my pa pen has embarrassedjne. The task would, require a young man more time than I have to live. (Jonclude not jrom this that my pa- fiers are ot any great valne. (In my opinion f they were all printed they would do no good.) Notice the word "vandalion." Failing to find it in any of our dictionaries, I conclude the President coined the word, which refers to the vandal act of the British in destroy ing public buildings. The Style of Jefferson. The next in this set of interesting letters is a draught of a letter from Mr. Adams, written by Jefferson and addressed to Lord Carmarthen,' dated London, March 13, 1786, informing him, through the Duke of Dorset, that Congress bad appointed Mr. Jefferson, Mr. Adams and Dr. Benjamin Franklin to a commission for entering into a treaty of amity and commerce with England. This writing indicates painstaking, as though, while not accomplishing much, the work of the hand that held the pen would be well done. i The James Madison letter is written to Mr. Tench Cox, Pnrveyor of the United States, and dated Department of State, Jan uary 20, 1804. Sir I have thl day authorized Ebenezer Stevens, of New York, to draw upon yon for $1,2S8, additional sum awarded as freight to X). Cotton, etc. Merely an authorization on the part of the President to Stevens to draw on the Commissary General for that ram, written in a very small hand with no prancing capitals or angular loops. It is said Madi son ahfays made copies of his letters. That of our fourth President, James Monroe,is a long letter to Charles Everrett, and dated Washington, April 9, 1814, giving his opinion as to how the militia, when called into service, should be com manded. I think the length of this letter, together with a knowledge of the limited space I could reasonably claim for the pub lication of these letters, must have appalled me at the time my extracts were made, for what now seems to me the most important letter of the series, has been overlooked. Monroe evidently used a quill when writing, since the characters were, heavy and the style showed a masculine disdain of ornament. John Quincr Adams wrote from St. Petersburg, April 17, 1812, explaining to the Secretary of State "the difficulty which the politicalsituation of affairs has thrown in the way of the channel through which I have hitherto been authorized to draw my compensation, etc." This also is a long letter, and the writing shows a mingled grace and solidity betokening the scholar and gentleman. A Letter From the Hermitage. The Andrew Jackson letter is dated from the Hermitage, April 1, 1837, addressed to a committee of gentlemen, numbering, among others, H. M. llutlidge. Felix KoB ertsou and William Carroll, .and is in reply to an invitation "to partake of a dinner or barbecue." .In closing, and after having in Eolitest terms acknowledged the invitation, e added: I am unable to look with any other feeling than that or regret at the delusion or those who have Imagined that the people could be made to support measures hostile to their interests and choice by tho nrtlnces which have been employed to stigmatize tho advo cates of the Republican cauo as tho mere expectants of office or instruments of execu tive power. Jackson's handwriting looks as if done in extreme haste a whirlwind style. The letter in this collection from Martin Van Buren was written in the fewest num ber of words that would convey the mean ing, and looks as if done by a large, heavy hand, very forcible and precise. The letter was written in the month of Kovember, 1818, to one John Y. Henry, and relates to a cause before the courts. William H. Harrison writes to Colonel John O 'Fallon from North Bend, Ind., October 8, 1837. A long letter of no par ticular interest to the public, since solely relating to minor appointment ot one Mr. Howard, whom no one ,now seems to re member. Handwriting . small, nervous, with no straining aftereffect,, and in this regard quite like7 that of President Lin coln. ' The, letter from John Tyler is rather pa thetic in'its subject matter sinoe complain ing that be and Dr. Furniss, to whom the letter is addressed, must pay some one else's debts besides their own. By which we are to infer the , President had committed the indiscretion of going ball for a friend, and, in a. fashion that 'still obtains, had been vic timized. Polk IVm Arrald or rrand. James K. Polk was a voluminous letter writer and that one of our collection is no exception. It is addressed to Colonel Sam uel. H.'Laughlla, dated Nashville, Tenn., October 2, 1840. A letter purely political, giving dates and places ot appointments for himieU: It concludes by saying: Printed tickets should be distributed In very county. ( Every Semocratto voter should be brought to the polls, and leading friend should be at every point to guard against fraud and illegal voting. Tou xhoald organize our leading friends In your district to attend td these things. By which it will be seen the cry of "fraud" Was a rampant in Polk's day as in our own, and' that politicians then as now would bear watching. The letter 'from Z. Taylor (so signed is dated "Headquarters, Army ot Occupation, Corpus Christi, Texas, February 12," 1846." Very brief, merely inclosing returns of the Army of' Occupation for January, 1846. This writing shows a great deal of character, large, and done with' the clearness of en graving. " President Filmore addressed H. C. Day from Buffalo December 28, 1847, giving him instructions as to certain investments pro posed. He Savs: "Bather than permit my funds to lie idle in the bank, I have con cluded to invest in some convertible stocks," etc "Unlike Presidents Washing ton aud Taylor, he signs his name in fnlL Franklin Pierce, the next in the line of Presidental successors, wrifes from Con cord, IT. H., April 9, 1849, to M. F. Dnncler, Boston, Mass., who evidently wanted to read law under Mr. Pierce's judicial censorship: '1 regret that I cannot encourage you to pursue your studies in my office at present. I have three students now, and my arrangements are such that it will be impossible to suitably accommodate a greater numDer. This letter is written In a commonnlace clerk's hand, with no character indicated beyond that of the day. Book or ledger. James Buchanan's letter is dated Wash ington, D. a, October 22, 1858, addressed to K. Mortimer Walker, Boston, returning thanks for his election as an. honorary mem ber of the Buchanan Club of Boston. From the dispassionate tone of the next letter in the list one could never suspect the excite ment and commotion incident to war at that time prevailing: Plain Business From Lincoln. Executive Mabio-, April 11, 1S5L Hon. Attorney General: Mr Dear Sir The Massachusetts delega tion have finished up a card for their np E ointments and among the name .Richard . Dana, Jr., for Attorney, and John I. Keycs for Marshal. Pleaso make out and send mo commission accordingly. Tonrs very truly, A. LI3COLT. Another curionus bit in this collection is a card written by Mr. Lincoln and given to Colonel Crook when he was drafted in 18S5, which reads: These two of my men. Crook and Alex ander, are drafted, and I, cannot spare them. P. M. 6. please fix. A. Lixcol. Mabch 1, 1865. Andrew Johnson's letter is dated Execu tive Mansion, Washington, D. C, August 1, 1865, appointing William A. Browning disbursing clerk of Executive Mansion. President Grant's letter, also written at the White House, of April 21, 1870, date, is a pretty acknowledgment of a book, which Colonel Crook had presented him: Please accept my thanks for the contribu tion winy library, whloh I know will be prized my childen long after libraries cease to present attractions to me. This letter Is plainly and regularly penned, and looks as ii done deliberately and with pleasure. The next is a letter of congratulation from B. B. Hayes, then President, to Gen eral James A. Garfield, upon the occasion of.his nomination to the Presidency, dated Executive Mansion, June 8, 1880, and reads: Tou will receive no heartier congratu lations to-day than mine; this, both for your Own and our country's sake. The writing of skis letter is cramped, as though done where tnere was scarcely elbow room. Garfield's Compliments to Groely. From General Garfield we have a letter to General Grant, dated from Hiram, O., July 26. 1872, inviting the President to attend the Northern 'Ohio lair. Speaking of politics, he wrote: I am sure your visit will bo well received by all parties, and will incidentally do much to confirm and strengthen the wavering whohiaybo drawn off by the Greely move ment. Then he adds, jocosely: Tho thought of Greely unconiciously made me slope the first word of the second line of this pige; peril ips in imitation of his pen manship, bat more probably as a symbol of his downfall from Republican principles. Of the next letter it can fitly be said, "thereby hangs a tple." Most certainly it illustrates how like unto piecrust promises sometimes are: To Hon. James O. Elaine. As the candidate of tho Ropublican party you will have my earnest and cordial supnort. Chester A. Autour. Just: G. 1831. President Arthur wrote the most perfect hand of anv ol our Presidents. In it we recognize the finished gentleman and this gentleman's love of elegance and ease. A long letter from President Cleveland, dated September 6, 1888, relative to the yel low fever sufferers at Jacksonville, in wliich he promises "everything will be done to tht limit of our power to help in the best and most reasonable way," the ex-President writes in rather a literary hand, very hard to read. The last in this valuable set of letters, and up to date, is from President Harriscn, written Christmas Eve, 1889, inclosing a contribution to the relief fund of the Grand Army, with these touching nords: The obligation orhelplng onr unfortunate comrades was not overlooked in the organ ization of the Grand Army, and has ever since been one of the most conspicuous features of the society. Who can foretell the next President that will aid a letter to Colonel Crook's collec tion? Grant' Bosh to Arms. I conclude with a hitherto unpublished letter from Jessa E. Grant, father of Gen eral Grant, that shows a phase of his son's heroic character, and beyond all cavil the attitude assumed by him prior to the break ing out of the late war: Seeing that many of the officers of South ern birth were resigning, and that the Gov ernment might need the services of experi enced officers, and believing that the Cap tain would be willing to serve his country and make hiimeir useful. I wrote to General Scott some eight or ten days ago on this sub ject, but as yot have not received any an swer. Tno Captain bas been living at Galena.IU., and I had not seen or written to him on tho subject. Yesterday I received a letter from him. He said as the Government had edu cated hitn for the mill t try service, and as it now needed his services, he had again drawn Ills sword in its defense, and while his service were needed they were at the disposal of his country. He bad raised, nnl lormed and drilled a company, and should this week take them to Springfield and have them mustered into tho service. He said he would report himself to tne Governor and, hold himself subject to his orders. I wish yon wonld see General Scott and, if neces sary, the Piesident, and let me know soon if they can red to re ulin again to the regular ainiy. Of course he would not be willing to return to the army as a captain. I hope. Judge, yon will give this subject a little at tention and write to me soon. The original of this letter is also in the possession of Colonel Crook. It will be noticed that it was written just two weeks after the following telegram had been sent to the Secretary of War: C&M.RLX8TOX, S. C, April IS, U6X. To L. P. Walker: We opened fire at fcSO k. x. G. T. BmnuDJiKO. Vast Temple Batabjx Mff ELEGTROCUTIOK t An Inventor Kill3 Off Caterpillara "When They Climb Trees. STATISTICS OS EAPID TEAHSIT. When Patents on Incandescent Llgats Ex pire Ther Will Be Cleap. LATEST THIKGS TX ILECTEICm rWBITTZX TOU TOT PISPATCS.J The public has often been told how Edison, years before he wrestled success fully with the problem of making incan descent 'Hgltiag commercially possible, amused himself, by designing an electria trap that wrought havoc with the cock roaches attracted by his lunch basket. Carl Hering has now improved on the idea by' constructing a device for preventing cater pillars from crawling up trees. Alternate wires of copper and zinc are run around the trunk of the tree, at a distance of about one-half inch apart' The casual cater pillar begins to mount the trunk of the tree, and nnlimbers himself with the con fidence and vigor bora of an impending feast Presently he .reaches the copper wire, pokes his nose over it, and lets an other kink out of his backbone. One-half inch further np his front feet strike the zinc, the circuit is completed, and the un fortunate larva is a martyr to science. A New Substitute for Bobber. The growing scarcity of India rubber and guttapercha, with its attendant rise in prices, has caused considerable anxiety in the electrical industries thatvre dependent on the supply of those commodities.-.-new preparation has been brought out which is said to give great promise of meet ing all the requirements of an efficient in sulator. It consists of manilla gum tempered with benzine, to which an addition of 2 per cent ot auvergnc bitumen, also mixed with benzine, is added. These are thoroughly blended, and after giving 5 per cent of rosin oil has been added a product is obtained having all the suppleness, elasticity, solidity and durability of the best rubbers. If the product be too fluid, a further addition of 4 per cent of sulphur, dissolved by means of sulphate of carbon, is made. The addition of 5 per cent ot rubber to this mixture makes one of the best compounds known for certain purposes. The vulcanization of the material can be carried out in the usual way. Telegraph Facilities in England. A notice recsdtly issued by the English Postmaster General is instructive as show ing the direction in which the convenience of the public in the transmission of tele grams can be increased. Telegrams which cannot conveniently be handed in at a tele gradh office mav be posted in a pillar box, or at anv postoffice-which is not a telegraph office. They are sent on by the next collec tion to the telegraph office to which the let ters included in such collection are taken, and are thence, transmitted free of extra charge, provided the proper amount has been prepaid by means of postage stamps. The public are, however, cautioned that telegrams so posted cannot, as a rule, reach their destination so promptly as those handed in at a telegraph office. It is desir able to enclose the telegram in an envelop marked "Telegram, immediate." ISlectrlc Motors on Farm. The introduction of the electric motor in farm work will inevitably inaugurate a new era in Western agriculture. A bill has been introduced in the Kansas Legislature to provide for the establishment of an agri cultural power experiment station by the Government, in which an effort will be made to determine the relative value of the dif ferent motors on the great grain-growing- "" farms of the plains. Agricultural operations have hitherto been carried on almost entire ly by animal power, and when the advan tage is offered not only of facilities for the carriage of agricultural products to market, but of ample and cheap power for the till ing of the land and the reaping of crops, the development to be looked for will approxi mate that which bos followed the applica tion of electric powerin all other branches ofindastry. Cheapening of Electricity. The cheapening of electricity for light and power purposes is only a matter of time. In England the cost of production is being rapidly lessened by improvements in dynamos, and even more in lamps. After January, 1893, when the'lamp patent ex pires, the price of an incandescent lamp will be 18 cents, as against the present price. 90 cents. A curious circumstance is noted in the returns of one of the London stations. The income per lamp has gone down from 10 shillings per lamp in 1S90 to 9 shillings per lamp lost year, a result that can only be explained by' the theory that the public are becoming more accus tomed to the use of tho electrio lighfand take more cars in turning it off when noV -wanted An Electrical Pool Marker. Players of the seductive game of pool often find it desirable, especially on private tables, to dispense with the services of the attendant whose duty it is to mark the score. To meet such conditions an elec trical register has been devised, by which the progress of the game con be accurately recorded. Contact buttons are so arranged in front of the pockets that when a ball is holed it strikes the button, and the point is registered by an annunciator on the wall of the room. The saipe principle has been applied to a pin pool table. Push buttons are fixed in the place of the pins on an or dinary pool table, and the balls passing over the buttons make a connection which is shown on the annunciator, so that when the player has finished scoring, the total numher of points made are automatically recorded One Effect ol Electrio Bosds. An invariable result of the replacing of horses by electricity ou street car lines is an increase of traffic Statistics from a great number of lines prove that the in crease in gross receipts varies from 25 per cent to 300 per cent, and is rarely less than 30 per cent, even where the previous horse service has been good Paislng of the Preparatory Courses. It has been voted by the trustees of the Ohio State University to cut off the first year of the preparatory course after the year 1892-93; and the faculty has recom mended the abolition ot the remaining year as soon thereafter as practicable. Science:: i j: MEDICAL SCIENCE;: bos achieved a i great triumph In ', the production of J ! BEECHAM S E9l I" C ",Ue" win can Sick J rihfaO Headache and all Kei- J Tons Disorders riinr from Impaired OtB&fnKi- Cesatlnatlan nnrf Tt.ii dered X.lver i sad thewin q-dekly re-i' j i stars women to complete health. J ! ; I Covered with a Tasteless & Soluble Coaling. J : ; Of al druggists. Pries 2S cents a box. ' New York Depot. Canal St. i' ' mg; 07 IT?) vJ I ' , '. ' i ' V A i 'TvA. zw JL 4MskZ
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers