Iwzrrrxn roa the disfatch.1
Although man j school teachers are really
fondol their work, lew of them care to look
look forward to its lifelong continuance!
They prefer to think
that future years will
find them in a po
sition less laborious
and more prominent.
Bach has her own
ambition, and the
nature of the am
bition, like that of
the woman, varies
greatly.
There are so many
Miss Clara barton.
kinds of schoolmarmsl First comes tne
strong-minded woman, whose firm features
and methodical habits eTidence a nature
resolute and even stern. She despises the
frivolities oflife, and longs for an opportu
nity to rule in a wider sphere. The children
respect but sometimes fear her, for she is
apt to he severely just in the use of the
rattan. Then there is the pale-faced teacher,
whoe dreamy eyes and hectic cheek suggest
hoarded manuscripts and midnight oil
burned before the shrine of poesy. She is
by nature gentle, but the harassing nature
of her work frequently preyi upon and
spoils her temper.
This One Generally Gets Married.
Another type is the clever but rather
superficial girl, who can write a happy
ketch or conduct a spark
ling flirtation with the
same buoyant spirit.
Young men are afraid of
her occasional sarcasm;
and if she be fair as well as
witty she is looked upon
with jealous disfavor by
her own sex. This girl
is, at the outset, unde-
ciaea in ner mina as 10 jj, Avguzta
what her vrcation in life Chapin.
may be. She would like to write the book
of the centurv, to be elected the first female
President of 'the United States, or to tread
the boards as a successor of Mary Anderson.
She generally ends by becoming somebody's
wife, and loses all her ambition.
A fourth schoolmarm that we all know is
the "maid, with downcast eyes, demure,"
who has "such a nice way" among her girl
pupils. They are not a bit jealous of her.
The School JIarm Composite.
because she does not flirt ostentatiously and
seems altogether wrapped up in her teach
ing. They bpeak rapturously of her at
their houses, and thus all their male rela
tives come to know and appreciate the good
qualities of the little schoolmarm. This
kind of woman is made to be married, and
she usually does get married.
Teachers who take up their profession,
not from anv necessity for employment, but
rather trom pure love ot
the work, frequently re
main teachers to the
end. Of this class the
late Miss Anne Jemima
Clouzh, principal of the
Newnham College, Cam
bridge, was an example.
Miss dough was com
vfortablv situated as to
money matters, but her
sojourn in America bad
taught her that the
humdrum life of an
Bev. Antoinette
Blacku.cH.
English gentlewoman of means is not the
most desirable for a busy mind. Accord
ingly Ehe taught school in Liverpool, while
formulating her plans lor the higher educa
tion of women. When the nucleus of Uewn
ham Collese was founded, in 187G, Miss
Clough took charge of the venture and gov
erned it until her death, a few months ago,
with consummate skill and judgment.
Madame Bodichon, the founder of the
English artisan's school system, and now of
Girton Collere, Newnham's rival, was the
daughter of the wealthy Benjamin Leigh
Smith, M. I., and had no other incentive
to teach than her own desire to do good.
Sliss Clara Barton, another school teacher,
who began life with a plentiful income,
might have remained a teacher still, were
it not that the outbreak of the war sum
moned her to other fields of labor. Miss
The Cherifa of Wazan ( Jfi EmUy Kecne).
Barton opened the free schools of Borden
town, 27. J., with six pupils, and left them
with over 690. Early in the war she be
came a voluntary nurse, and nursing has
tince been her profession, in which she has
wnn distinction during the war and at the
time of the Johnstown flood.
Those Torced to Iho Schools.
On the contrary, women who are driven
into teaching bv stern necessity irequently
leave the profession to pursue other avoca
tions. It is the same with school marms as
It is with soldiers. The voluntary recruit
often dies in uniform, while the unwilling
conscript takes the first opportunity of leav
ing his regiment when his stipulated term
of service expires. Among the conscripts
of the school desk were Mrs. Clarence 8.
Lozier, Sarah W. Parton ("Fanny Fern")
and Dr. Elizabeth BlackwelL Mrs. Lozier
was driven into teaching in order to support
an invalid husband, an odd, but not uncom
mon, re ersal of the usual order of things.
Immediately after her husband's death she
left the prolession in which her heart had
sever been 6et, and began the career which
fir fK
4mS8k
jflPrai
trSfsijPN
vm:
culminated in her being selected as dean of
the "Women's Medical College, pf New
York.
"Fanny Fern" was a poor widow with
out any means of support when she tried
pedagogy; but she was speedily lured from
what she deemed "school-room drudgery"
into the even harder drudgery of literary
life.
Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, English by
birth, was left destitute at the are of 17 by
the death of her father. She found herself
penniless, with a large family of brothers
and sisters, in the great city of Cincinnati.
&fg j
A?
' tJF
Mrs. Jfacfccry.
"Well-meaning friends secured for her a po
sition in one of thenbllo schools, and Miss
Blackwell taught until her brothers wAe
able to earn their own bread. Then, follow
ing the example of her sister-in-law, Bev.
Antoinette Blackwell, she left teaching to
aim at higher things. After years of study
and perseverance she succeeded in obtain
ing from Geneva College the first medical
diploma ever granted to an American
woman.
An Inborn Taste for Teaching.
Another class of schoolmarms are teachers
by hereditv. They are the children of edu
cators, and follow the profession of teach
ing by instinct almost. One of these was
Louisa May Alcott, whose father, Amos 1L
Alcott, was a celebrated school principal.
Miss Alcott, like Miss Clara Barton, left
teaching to become a nurse during the war.
Rose Elizabeth Cleveland, sister of Presi
dent Cleveland, was the daughter of a min
ister and educator. At an early age she be
gan to teach, nd has continued to do so
since, with the exception of the period dur
ing which she acted asmistress of the White
House, before her brother's marriage. Mrs.
Emma Willard's father and mother were
both school teachers and the authoress her
self commenced instructing before she was
16 vears of age.
Used as a stepping stone to other profes
sions, school teaching has often proved a
success. It inculcates several notable qual
ities, foremost among which are patience
and self-restraint. It gives splendid facili
ties for the observation of -character; and
has been of great use to many women
novelists who began life in the professor's
rostrum. Mrs Hartley (nee Lafian), author
of that incomparable bit of street Arab his
tory, 'Tatters, Flitters and the Counselor,"
was for many years a Dublin schoolmarm;
very probably she selected her types from
the ragged urchins who flocked to her school
from the Coombe and other poverty-stricken
districts of the Irish capital Mrs. Hartley
acquired a severity ot demeanor while a
teacher which is a source of positive terror
to people who meet her for the first time.
The Female Dr. Johnson.
Mild yonng curates who encounter the
literary lioness at aiternoon teas have been
known to creep under tables in order to es
cape the ponderous criticism of this lady,
who is known in Dublin as the ''female Dr.
Johnson." Louisa M. Alcott, "Fanny
Fern," Emma Willard and others have im
mortalized many of their old pupils in their
novels and stories.
To the lecturer and debater experience in
teaching is eminently useful in the amount
of information it supplies and in the power
of speaking on almost any subject, which is
one ot its attributes. These qualities have
done much to keep Susan B. Anthony, Ann
Elizabeth Dickinson and other ex-teachers
before the public as lecturers and reformers.
Mrs. Antoinette Blackwell, the female
minister and-theologian, testifies warmly to
the good influence of early school teaching
in her career. "I taught "school," she says,
"at the age of 16 and subsequently during
my vacations from Oberlin College. I
think that every minister of the gospel
should have, like me, some preliminary ex
perience as a teacher. The direction of a
class or school is excellent practice for the
direction of a congregation."
Mrs. OlympiaB. Willis, the Universalist
minister, a sister of Mrs. Blackwell, was a
teacher in earlv life, as was Miss Augusta
Chapin, pastor of the Oak Park Oniversal
istCbnrch. Miss Chapin occupied the po
sition of school principal at Lansing and
Lyons, Mich., for several years.
Many school marms have made brilliant
marriages. Margaret Fuller, who taught
school in Providence, K. L, and Boston to
help her brothers, afterward became the
wife of the Marquis d'Ossolie, a member of
a famous Italian house; and would have
taken a high place in Italian pnblio life
were it not for her untimely death by
drowning.
This Onn May Be an Empress.
Miss Emily Keene, an Irish woman who
went to Africa as a governess and taught
school at Tangier is now Cherifa of Wazan,
and may one dav be Empress of Morocco.
Miss Kecne attracted the attention ot the
Cherif of Wazan, a direct descendant of the
Prophet Mohammed and high priest of the.
Mohammedan sect's in Northern Africa.
The Cherif asked her to marry him and she
consented, on condition that he was to
marry no more wives and to abandon all
such wives as he has already. The Cherif
practically controls the destinies of Mo
rocco, of which he plays the part of Mikado
to the Sultan's Tycoon. By Miss Keene he
Fanny Fern.
THE
has two sons, the eldest of whom, Mulal
Ali; an accomplished linguist, educated by
his mother, is as popular with the Moham
medans as he is with the English. It is
confidently hoped that the young Cherif
will one jay sit upon the throne of Mo
rocco. Madame de Maintenon, on the death of
her husband, Scarron, became a teacher in
one of the Parisian convents and afterward
tutor of the children of Louis XIV. Her
wit and adroitness won for her the affec
tions of the "Grand Monarque," who pri
vately married her in 1719. In spite of the
fact that she wrfs the Queen Consort of
France, Madame de Maintenon devoted
herself to education till the last, dying in
the great Convent of St. Cyr, which she had
founded.
Not a few wives of prominent Americans
of to-day have been school-marms. A notable
instance is that of Mrs. John W. Mackay.
Mrs. Mackay spent her earliest years in
Virginia City, Nev., as a school teacher
before she met the Bonanza King. Doubt
less she is indebted to that period of her
life for the consummate tact in her social
affairs which has made her the1 leader of
the American colony in Paris.
Not an Unhealthy Profession.
School teaching, according to the popular
impression, is injurious to the health.
This may be the case when the teacher is
naturally of a nervous or delicate tempera
ment: hut to such people nearly every kind
of arduous labor is dangerous. As a matter
of fact, statistics do not show that school--marms
diu any earlier than other women;
and the number of teachers who live to ad
vanced aces is very numerous. Emma
Willard lived to the age of 83, Miss Clough
to that of 80, and Madame de Genlis to that
of 84. Prudence Crandall, the first white
woman to open a regular school for colored
children, lived to the great age of 90.
Louisa M. Alcott, Susan B. Anthony, Mrs.
Lozier, Principal Dorothy Beal, of the
Cheltenham College; Principal Fanny M.
Busy, of the North London College: Lydia
M. Child, and many other English and
American schoolmarms lived long past the
meridian of human existence.
In Europe baseless conservatism and
prejudice kept many female school teachers
from acquiring the fame they deserved. In
isolated cases, however, women arose whose
genius disarmed all opposition. Among
these were Isabella Andreiirt. of Padua,
who was born in 1562, and aught a chil
dren's school before she was 12 years of age;
and the still more celebrated Laura Maria
Bassi, of Bologna, born in 1711, who re
ceived the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
at the age of 21. The latter lady occupied
the Chair of Philosophy in the University
of Bologna from 1743 to 1778. Anna Maria
Schurmann, born at Cologne in 1607, was a
notable educator and classical scholar; and
the unfortunate Hcloise, in her position as
prioress of the great Convent of Argenteuil,
gave her the power of instilling into the
minds of the noblest demoiselles of France
those principles which in her youth she had
herself neglected.
A General Average or Character.
The schoolmarm, like the poet, is born,
not made. To reach the ideal of the educa
tor's dreams the female school teacher
should possess a combination of the most
varied and excellent qualities.
The accompanying composite picture
represents 27 schoolmarms selected as types
from as many States ot the Union. The
photographs of wnicli the picture is a com
bination were chosen at random from a
number representing similar attitudes. It
will be seen that the composite lace is an
intellectual one, and evidences executive
ability.
The forehead is broa'd, the head well
shaped, and the eyes expressive of sincer
ity. The length of chin, breadth of cheek
and firm month show a good deal of latent
character, and yet the general aspect of the
face is thoroughly sympathetic and wo
manly. On the whole it may be taken as a
fairly accurate representation of the na
tional type of schoolmarm.
CATABBHAI UDAFNESU.
Buzzing, Cracltinc, Roarlnc and Pressing
in the Ears.
On February 16, 1S92, the Pe-ru-na Drug
Manufacturing Company received the fol
lowing letter from B. Walter Brady, Cas
cade, Ark.:
"I take pleasure in recommending your
medicines. The benefit I have derived from
the use of your medicines could not be
bought for any amount of money. When I
was about 5 years old I had a long spell of
typhoid fever and pneumonia. After I got
well I took the running at the ears, and for
14 years I was almost an invalid. It was so
continual and so offensive that I excluded
myself from all society. I could do nothing,
was unfit for manual labor, and L had al
most come to the conclusion that it would
be better if I were dead. My father con
sulted several doctors. They said I had an
abscess in my head. I tried" several kinds
of medicines, but they were of no avail; so
I gave it np and thought it might be that I
would outgrow it. After I had borne it for
14 years I received a pamphlet from Dr. S.
B. Hartman, entitled The Ills of Lite.' I
had given np all hope of ever being cured,
but would have tried anything. I wrote to
Dr. Hartman to know what be would charge
for taking my case on the insurance. He
wrote me that the remedy was simple and
that I could cure myself. After using $17
worth of your remedies I found I was en
tirely cured. I am now as active, stout and
hearty as any young man could wish to be.
The world could not bny my fortune. I
recommend it to all as the best medicine
sold."
sfln recent cases, not of more than two
years' duration; Pe-ru-na, taken as directed
on the bottle, will effect a cure in a few
weeks or months. The cure is hastened by
gradually increasing the dose recommended
on the bottle to a double dose. But cases
like the above, where the discharge from the
ear is of long standing, and especially if it
be of a letid odor, La-cu-pi-a should be
taken according to the directions on the
label until the system is thoroughly
cleansed, after which the Pc-ru-na will com
plete the cure. There need be no failures
to obtain a cure in a single case. A cure is
within reach of all.
A valuable pamphlet of 32 pages, setting
forth in detail the treatment ,ot catarrh,
coughs, colds, sore throat, bronchitis and
consumption, in every phase of the disease,
will be sent free to any address by the Pe-ru-na
Drug Manufacturing Company, of
Columbus, O. This book should be in every
household, as it contains a great deal of re
liable Information as to the .cure and pre;
vention of all catarrhal and kindred diseases.
Wants to Be Vie First Female President.
PITTSBURG- DISPATCH,
THE NATURAL HUMAN
Yery Often- Comes Out In All Its
Original Sin in tne Family.
A TERI HARD PLACE TO BE GOOD.
Another That Brings Oat the Bad Side Is
the Boarding House.
JJCAGIKAT10K Hf TOUGH BEBPSTJSAS:
witrmaf ron m dispatch. 1
The subject to which I ask attention to
day is the Christian in the family. I desire
to say a word in the beginning in regard to
the Christian who is not in the family. I
mean the Christian who lives in a boarding
house. I am sure that that touches a good
many people in my newspaper congrega
tion. I am sorry for tho Christian who lives !in
a boarding house, in a house that is not a
home, in whloh he Is honored in proportion
to the regularity with which he pays-his
bills. I believe that a great many men and
women who live under these conditions are
lonely and homesick and heartsick. And
yet I am- sincerely thankful when I reflect
upon the many good boarding houses that
there are in this city, houses where those
who live find homes, and where the board
ing house keeper is a mother to the young
-people beneath her roof. It seems to me
that a Christian boarding house keeper can
show her Christianity in the most practical
way by taking a personal interest in those
young people who are for the time members
of her family, by looking after them when
they are sick, by being genuinely and
heartily concerned in $heir welfare.
A Common Disease With Boarder.
I am more sorry for the Christian in the
boarding house when I reflect upon the
temptations that he has. One of these is
the temptation to be continually complain
ing, to take a critical look at life, to be all
the time under the impression that every
thing is not being done that ought to be
done, and that one is being misused and
cheated. Everybody who has lived in a
boarding houseknows how that spirit grows
upon the boarder. Another temptation is
the danger of being exceedingly solicitious
about eating and drinking, and of caring
more for these things than for much more
important matters. The chief relation, in
deed, whicn the boarder has to the boarding
house is in the table, and there is that con
stant temptation, which ought to be looked
after, to think about those things which
really ought to he beneath the emphatic
notice of intelligent people.
St. Paul had experience of boarding
houses, yet he had learned no matter where
he was, to be content. The Christian spirit
is the spirit of content. Our Lord in all
His ministry had no home of His own, yet
He said we should not think about what we
.should eat or drink, but about higher
things, we should first seek the kingdom of
God and His righteousness.
Boarding House Christians Are Few.
Another temptation which comes to the
Christian in the boarding house is the
temptation to be unsettled, to have no
anchor, to feel alone aud to act without refer
ence to other people, not to go to church.
It is very hard to be a good Christian in a
boarding' house. I am much more sorry,
however, for the Christian in the boarding
house when she is tho keeper of the board
ing house. I have a good many friends
who keep boarders, aud I know something
about the look at life that they get, and I
know that there are very few people in the
world who see more selfishness and ingrati
tude than they who serve in that capacity.
It seems to me that the duty of the Chris
tian in the boarding bouse is to remember
all those who work in that house, to be con
siderate, to be careful of their feelings and
their time, to be on the watch for makijg
life pleasanter for them. These are very
practical and homely duties; but that is ex
actly what Christianity is concerned with.
It the Christian religion is not good for
everything, says Buskin, it is not good for
anything. We ought to realize that.
Now that I have spoken of the Christian
who is not in the family let me go on and
say something about the family in which
there is not a Christian. That, I am'afraid,
would describe a good many families.
Barely Get Enough to tire.
But the family I have chiefly in mind, is
that in which it is almost impossible to be
a Christian. I mean the 'family that lives
in a tenement house, the family that lives
crowded in on the fifth or sixth floor of an
unclean and narrow dwelling. We who
have the privilege of family life ought to
remember that a vast multitude ot our
brothers and sisters have not that privilege
at alL They live under conditions which
make a decent life almost impossible.
They are engaged in such a struggle for
bare subsistence that it becomes almost out
ot the question for them even to think about
religion.
And although I do not know that there
is anything practical that we can do in
the matter, we ought to have it in mind.
We ought none of us to be content in our
comfortable houses to sit down in satisfac
tion there, without remembering the multi
tudes of our brothers and sisters who are
living under these unspeakably unchristian
conditions. Somehow there must be a
change. I hope the time will come when
there will be no boarding houses aud no
tenement houses on the face of the earth;
when every family will live in its own
house and have the blessing of a real family
life. At any rate, we know that there will
onfc time be a flay when there will be a land
ot "many mansions," not one of which will
be either a boarding house or a tenement
house.
Importance of the Family.
I come now to the Christian in the family.
The family is the most important institu
tion on the face of the planet. The family
is more important than the State. The
family is more important than the Church.
The t tmily is the heart Of the State and of
the Church. The present and future of both
Church and State depend absolutely upon the
family. Because the family is the training
school of character. The family is
that institution in which human be
ings are gathered together in their
most impressionable time of life, and in
which impressions are made which are never
afterward forgotten. What kind of man
hood or. womanhood the children are to
grow up into will depend in a very great
degree upon what kind of children they are,
and what kind of training they get in the
family. And so I say that the family is of
immense importance. It is hardly possible
to exaggerate the importance of the family.
Accordingly, it is hardly possible to ex
aggerate the importance of being a good
Christian in the family. Because there is
where a Christian counts more than any
thing ehe. Church Christianity is very
well, and society Christianity is still better,
but home Christianity is best of alL Be
cause whether the boys and girls are to be
Christians or not depends upon the fathers
and mothers.
As the Father, So the Eon.
The boy is going to be like his father and
the girl like her mother. It seems to me
that one of the most foolish ideas that can
be held by sensible people is that the na-
.rents ought not to try to "bias" the reli
gious leelings ot their children. The great
purpose of the family, the great reason for
its existence, is in order that it may set its
hias on the character in every direction.
The father and the mother ought to have in
their minds a clear ideal ot 'what is right,
and to impress that ideal as firmly as they
can upon the children. If a man and a
woman believe it is right to be a Christian,
they, ought to bring up their children to be
the same kind of Christians they are. If a
man and a woman believe that it is right to
be an infidel, are -sure that it is the ideal
lite, they ought to bring up .their children
to be inndels, to account the Bible a lia and
the Church a sham.
'The family, I say, is the most important
SUNDAY, MAT 1
institution In the whole country. And yet
it is the verdict of all experience that the
most difficult place to be a Christian is in
the family. Perhaps because there we are
removed from restraint and our natural self
comes out. The natural self, it is found in
a vast number of cases, is not a very pleasant
part cf us.
Being; Christians Under Pressors.
It is notorious how much better Christians
people ore in the church and in society than
they are right at home in their ownfamilies.
And so the family affoids a test of Chris
tianity. If a Christian is not a good Chris
tian at home, he is not a good Christian
anywhere; because the chances are that the
face of the Christian is put on for the bene
fit of other people. He does not need to put
on anything at home; there we see exactly
what he is.
I sent to the printers a lilt of books the
other dav whioh I desired to commend for
Lenten reading. The title of one book was
"Ethical Christianity." The printer got
the wrong word, and called it "Ethereal
Christianity." There is a great deal of
ethereal Christianity in this world, whioh
is all up in the air, which does not count in
practical life. The kind of Christianity
that we want Is ethical Christianity, which
touches every hour in the day, 'and guides
the man and woman in the homeliest house
hold duties as much as it does in tie wor
ship of the house of God.
Now, what are the characteristics of the
Christian in the family? One characteristic
of the Christian in the family Is the spirit
of courtesy. The Christian religion lays
more stress than some people are aware of
on good manners. Our Lord himself en.
forced the importance of politeness. He
rebuked the man who failed in some of the
details of Oriental etiquette, who brought
him no water to wash his feet.
Good Manners In the Home.
Blessed are the people who have good
manners, He said m the Sermon on the
Mount, "Blessed are the meek," we read
it in our English version. Blessed aro the
gracious people who have courtesy and good
manners. Everybody knows now much
more polite people are in society than they
are in the family. Everybody knows how
many people seem to keep all their good
manners for their mere acquaintances, and
have all their bad ones for those whom they
ought to love best. Everybody knows the
lack of courtesy between husbands and
wives, and between parents and children.
It is not a wonder that many children fail
in this matter of courtesy, they have such a
bad example set them.
A great many parents expect their chil
dren to be courteous and polite to them
when they never think of being courteous
and polite to their children. We have a
great inspiration and help in the fact that
our Lord lived all our life from the begin
ning, and He said: "Inasmuch as ye have
done it unto one of the least, ye have done
it unto Me." The treatment given to little
children He counts as treatment given to
Himself. The Christ-Child lives in every
family. The trouble is that we let famili
arity swallow up courfesyl One of the
duties'of the Christian in 'the family is to
be on watch against that against letting
familiarity,' as Sir Arthur Helps said, swal
low up courtesy.
The Spirit or Fretful Faultfinding.
Another characteristic of the Christian
id the family is the spirit of forbearance.
The Christian bears and forbears. The
Christian forbears many a hasty Judgment,
keeps back even the thought of criticism,
and thereby abstains from many a hastily
spoken word that would make ill feeling.
There is nothing more friendly that can he
done by one friend to another than the giv
ing of earnest and wholesome criticism,
when it is necessary. But criticism ought
never to touch anything that is unnecessary.
One of the evils of domestio life is fretful
and exasperating fault-finding. The Chris
tian in the family will forbear from it. The
Christian will remember that all the people
in the world are different. We have not
learned that in the church yet, and we have
not learned It in the family. We need to
learn it in both places. It is perfectly true
that other people may difler from us in tem
perament, in ways of looking at things and
in ways of doing things, and yet may be
just as near right as we are. It will be a
great help to family life If it can only be
realized that people are different.
One more characteristic ot the Christian
in the family of which I will speak is this :
that the Christian in the lamily is charac
terized by the spirit of unselfishness. Un
selfishness is the very heart of the Chris
tian religion ; it is not possible for one to
be a Christian and be selfish at the same
time.
Living to Be Waed On.
We are Christians in proportion as we are
unselfish, in proportion as we think of
others before ourselves. The ideal Chris
tian in the family is known by his constant
'solicitude for others ; by his desire to bring
some contribution of his own to the happi
ness and the interest of the household. So
many people in this world seem to live for
the purpose of being waited on I They
seem to feel that they are the centers of the
universe, and that everybody else ought to
be doing something for them all the time.
But the Son of Man came not to be minis
tered unto but to minister, and He desires
all those of us who try to follow Him to
have that spirit in our hearts ; never to
think of what people do fop us, bnt all the
time be planning things to do for them.
And then the Christian, with this spirit
of courtesy, and of forbearance, and ot un
selfishness, lives all this Christian life for
the sake of Jesus Christ and in the name of
Jesus Christ, and in ther strength of God.
And he uses pll the spiritual agencies of his
family life that he can find that will help to
minister to the spiritual growth of all the
members of the lamily. Every day is the
word of prayer joined in by all the family
together, so that the children are taught
that there is such a thing as religion in the
world, and that it is not meant to be locked
up in the church on Sunday night, but to be
used all the week. When the family are
gathered at the table there is a recognition
of God, the giver of all gifts, that religion
may be brought close to common living.
What kind of a life would the Lord Jesus
Christ live in your family? The answer to
that question tells us what kind of a Chris
tian we ought everyone ot us to be in the
family. Geoege Hodges.
vrnxDma stoke op oma
Owners of Quarries Will Be Represented In
Two University Buildings.
Two new buildings are in progress at the
Ohio State University. One of them is de
signed for the geological museum and, tem
porarily, for the library. It will be fire
proof and will be constructed entirely of
Ohio materials All the various building
stones of high quality will be represented,
and the owners of quarries are willingly do?
nating specimens for this purpose.
The building will be called Orton Hall, in
honor of the eminent Professor of Geology
in the University, Dr. Edward Orton. The
other building is intended for a manual
training school, and will be named Hayes'
Hall, in recognition of the distinguished
services of ex-President Hayes in the cause
of industrial education. A principaLebject
of the school will be to prepare teachers of
manual training for the public schools.
The Eye In Electric Welding.
Objection has been raised to the use of
the electric arc in welding Jjecause of its
effect upon the eyesight. A large foundry
firm has made public the statement that
they have used electric welding on an'ex
tensive scale for two years in the manufac
ture of tubes, fittings, elbows, bends, eta,
for marine engineering and other purpoies,
and they have not during the whole of,that
period had a single case in which the eye
Sight of the operator suffered permanently
from the light emitted by the electric arc.
Eor the purposes of protection they have
uniformly used a specially prepared, ex
tremely -darkr non-actinic juby glass, and
they condemn the ordinary blue.glass, or
non-actinic photographer's glass, as entirely
useless.
What Is more refreshing than a good
night's sleep? But you can't sleep In a bed
full of bedbugs. Buglne will olean them out
effectually. 25 cents at all dealers.
1891
PENS OF PRESIDENTS.
An Appointee of Lincoln Who Has a
letter From Each Executive. .
CHARACTER itf HAHDWRITIM.
Light en Grant's Attitude Just After the
Pall of Fort Sumter.
ME. lBTHin?S PROMISE TO HE. SLIOE
twmrrmr ros the ois imtch.
"The feeling Whioh prompts th'e collec
tion of autographs is a natural and rational
one. Next to the person of a,dis tinguished
man we desire to see his photograph, and
next to his portrait, his autograph. In a
man's handwriting there is something
whioh seems o bring him before as in his
trae idiosyncrasy," eta. lam of the opinion,
the majority of us agree with the gifted,
erratic author of that sentiment, Edgar
Allen Poe. Certainly it was a great
pleasure to me to be privileged not only to
see and enjoy, but to make the following
extracts from a set of autographic letters
that enrich one of the largest collections
probably owned by any man in the country,
and heretofore unpublished.
Colonel William H. Crook, the proud
owner of these, who was appointed to a
position in the President's office by Mr.
Lincoln, and who somehow has been re
tained through all the succeeding changes
of administration, has had by virtue of this
position superior advantages for indulging
his pet hobby of collecting autographs and
autographic letters.
Interest centers in those of the Presidents,
and of these he has a complete set from
Washington to the present, Harrison. The
letters, together with a fine steel engraving
of each President, are artistically mounted
on card-board.
The letter of General Washington was
written about a year Before he took com
mand of the armies and is addressed to Dr.
William Black (probably the editor of
King and Qutci), and reads :
Washington on a Ii md Deal.
Sin I expect all the papers respecting
your titlo to the lands purchased or you will
shortly be in Mr. Wrytho's possession, when
he will be notified whether your titlo Is
good or not, and If he thinks you have a
good title he will draw a paper conveyance
which will be rendered to you by the bearer,
Bartho. Dandridge, and he will see 'them
properly by you.
And, Mr. Black, whenever this conveyance
la offered you, I shall look upon the contract
between us to be absolutely confirmed and
be pleased to accept this as a declaration of
the confirmation thereof on the part of.
Tour humblo servnnt,
G. Washisoto.
December 6. 1773.
Washington's handwriting at this time
was small and round, with just the least
tendency to flourishes, but later in life his
writing was much bolder and extremely
legible, which leads one to wonder whether
writing changes as the vicissitudes of life
change.
The letter of John Adams was written in
answer to one by a Mr. If iles, Collector and
Compiler of Colonial Records, and is a re
quest to publish all the papers of Mr.
Adams. It is written in a hand more
nearly resembling that of a boy just learn
ing t6 use the pen than that of a scholar and
gentleman:
Sib I have received my pamnhlet and
vour register with your letter of the 20th.
Inclosed are four naijers No. I, a letter
from President Washington, August 27, 1790;
No. 2, another letter oil same subject, writ
ten same dan No. 3, first rou;h. draught of
an answer In my handwriting. A copy of
my nnswer to the President which was sont
to him dated August 20. 1793, and which, if it
was not consumed in the vandalion combus
tion of Washington, is probably wow in be
ing among the archives of the President.
fhis request to nuDlUn my pa
pen has embarrassedjne. The task would,
require a young man more time than I have
to live. (Jonclude not jrom this that my pa-
fiers are ot any great valne. (In my opinion
f they were all printed they would do no
good.)
Notice the word "vandalion." Failing to
find it in any of our dictionaries, I conclude
the President coined the word, which refers
to the vandal act of the British in destroy
ing public buildings.
The Style of Jefferson.
The next in this set of interesting letters
is a draught of a letter from Mr. Adams,
written by Jefferson and addressed to Lord
Carmarthen,' dated London, March 13, 1786,
informing him, through the Duke of Dorset,
that Congress bad appointed Mr. Jefferson,
Mr. Adams and Dr. Benjamin Franklin to
a commission for entering into a treaty of
amity and commerce with England. This
writing indicates painstaking, as though,
while not accomplishing much, the work of
the hand that held the pen would be well
done.
i The James Madison letter is written to
Mr. Tench Cox, Pnrveyor of the United
States, and dated Department of State, Jan
uary 20, 1804.
Sir I have thl day authorized Ebenezer
Stevens, of New York, to draw upon yon for
$1,2S8, additional sum awarded as freight to
X). Cotton, etc.
Merely an authorization on the part of
the President to Stevens to draw on the
Commissary General for that ram, written
in a very small hand with no prancing
capitals or angular loops. It is said Madi
son ahfays made copies of his letters.
That of our fourth President, James
Monroe,is a long letter to Charles Everrett,
and dated Washington, April 9, 1814,
giving his opinion as to how the militia,
when called into service, should be com
manded. I think the length of this letter,
together with a knowledge of the limited
space I could reasonably claim for the pub
lication of these letters, must have appalled
me at the time my extracts were made, for
what now seems to me the most important
letter of the series, has been overlooked.
Monroe evidently used a quill when
writing, since the characters were, heavy
and the style showed a masculine disdain of
ornament.
John Quincr Adams wrote from St.
Petersburg, April 17, 1812, explaining to
the Secretary of State "the difficulty which
the politicalsituation of affairs has thrown
in the way of the channel through which I
have hitherto been authorized to draw my
compensation, etc." This also is a long
letter, and the writing shows a mingled
grace and solidity betokening the scholar
and gentleman.
A Letter From the Hermitage.
The Andrew Jackson letter is dated from
the Hermitage, April 1, 1837, addressed to
a committee of gentlemen, numbering,
among others, H. M. llutlidge. Felix KoB
ertsou and William Carroll, .and is in reply
to an invitation "to partake of a dinner or
barbecue." .In closing, and after having in
Eolitest terms acknowledged the invitation,
e added:
I am unable to look with any other feeling
than that or regret at the delusion or those
who have Imagined that the people could be
made to support measures hostile to their
interests and choice by tho nrtlnces which
have been employed to stigmatize tho advo
cates of the Republican cauo as tho mere
expectants of office or instruments of execu
tive power.
Jackson's handwriting looks as if done in
extreme haste a whirlwind style.
The letter in this collection from Martin
Van Buren was written in the fewest num
ber of words that would convey the mean
ing, and looks as if done by a large, heavy
hand, very forcible and precise. The letter
was written in the month of Kovember,
1818, to one John Y. Henry, and relates to a
cause before the courts.
William H. Harrison writes to Colonel
John O 'Fallon from North Bend, Ind.,
October 8, 1837. A long letter of no par
ticular interest to the public, since solely
relating to minor appointment ot one Mr.
Howard, whom no one ,now seems to re
member. Handwriting . small, nervous,
with no straining aftereffect,, and in this
regard quite like7 that of President Lin
coln. '
The, letter from John Tyler is rather pa
thetic in'its subject matter sinoe complain
ing that be and Dr. Furniss, to whom the
letter is addressed, must pay some one else's
debts besides their own. By which we are
to infer the , President had committed the
indiscretion of going ball for a friend, and,
in a. fashion that 'still obtains, had been vic
timized. Polk IVm Arrald or rrand.
James K. Polk was a voluminous letter
writer and that one of our collection is no
exception. It is addressed to Colonel Sam
uel. H.'Laughlla, dated Nashville, Tenn.,
October 2, 1840. A letter purely political,
giving dates and places ot appointments for
himieU: It concludes by saying:
Printed tickets should be distributed In
very county. ( Every Semocratto voter
should be brought to the polls, and leading
friend should be at every point to guard
against fraud and illegal voting. Tou xhoald
organize our leading friends In your district
to attend td these things.
By which it will be seen the cry of
"fraud" Was a rampant in Polk's day as in
our own, and' that politicians then as now
would bear watching.
The letter 'from Z. Taylor (so signed is
dated "Headquarters, Army ot Occupation,
Corpus Christi, Texas, February 12," 1846."
Very brief, merely inclosing returns of the
Army of' Occupation for January, 1846.
This writing shows a great deal of character,
large, and done with' the clearness of en
graving. "
President Filmore addressed H. C. Day
from Buffalo December 28, 1847, giving him
instructions as to certain investments pro
posed. He Savs: "Bather than permit my
funds to lie idle in the bank, I have con
cluded to invest in some convertible
stocks," etc "Unlike Presidents Washing
ton aud Taylor, he signs his name in fnlL
Franklin Pierce, the next in the line of
Presidental successors, wrifes from Con
cord, IT. H., April 9, 1849, to M. F.
Dnncler, Boston, Mass., who evidently
wanted to read law under Mr. Pierce's
judicial censorship: '1 regret that I cannot
encourage you to pursue your studies in my
office at present. I have three students
now, and my arrangements are such that it
will be impossible to suitably accommodate
a greater numDer.
This letter is written In a commonnlace
clerk's hand, with no character indicated
beyond that of the day. Book or ledger.
James Buchanan's letter is dated Wash
ington, D. a, October 22, 1858, addressed to
K. Mortimer Walker, Boston, returning
thanks for his election as an. honorary mem
ber of the Buchanan Club of Boston. From
the dispassionate tone of the next letter in
the list one could never suspect the excite
ment and commotion incident to war at that
time prevailing:
Plain Business From Lincoln.
Executive Mabio-, April 11, 1S5L
Hon. Attorney General:
Mr Dear Sir The Massachusetts delega
tion have finished up a card for their np
E ointments and among the name .Richard
. Dana, Jr., for Attorney, and John I.
Keycs for Marshal. Pleaso make out and
send mo commission accordingly.
Tonrs very truly,
A. LI3COLT.
Another curionus bit in this collection is
a card written by Mr. Lincoln and given to
Colonel Crook when he was drafted in 18S5,
which reads:
These two of my men. Crook and Alex
ander, are drafted, and I, cannot spare
them. P. M. 6. please fix. A. Lixcol.
Mabch 1, 1865.
Andrew Johnson's letter is dated Execu
tive Mansion, Washington, D. C, August
1, 1865, appointing William A. Browning
disbursing clerk of Executive Mansion.
President Grant's letter, also written at the
White House, of April 21, 1870, date, is a
pretty acknowledgment of a book, which
Colonel Crook had presented him:
Please accept my thanks for the contribu
tion winy library, whloh I know will be
prized my childen long after libraries cease
to present attractions to me.
This letter Is plainly and regularly
penned, and looks as ii done deliberately
and with pleasure.
The next is a letter of congratulation
from B. B. Hayes, then President, to Gen
eral James A. Garfield, upon the occasion
of.his nomination to the Presidency, dated
Executive Mansion, June 8, 1880, and
reads:
Tou will receive no heartier congratu
lations to-day than mine; this, both for your
Own and our country's sake.
The writing of skis letter is cramped, as
though done where tnere was scarcely elbow
room.
Garfield's Compliments to Groely.
From General Garfield we have a letter
to General Grant, dated from Hiram, O.,
July 26. 1872, inviting the President to
attend the Northern 'Ohio lair. Speaking
of politics, he wrote:
I am sure your visit will bo well received
by all parties, and will incidentally do much
to confirm and strengthen the wavering
whohiaybo drawn off by the Greely move
ment. Then he adds, jocosely:
Tho thought of Greely unconiciously made
me slope the first word of the second line of
this pige; peril ips in imitation of his pen
manship, bat more probably as a symbol of
his downfall from Republican principles.
Of the next letter it can fitly be said,
"thereby hangs a tple." Most certainly it
illustrates how like unto piecrust promises
sometimes are:
To Hon. James O. Elaine.
As the candidate of tho Ropublican party
you will have my earnest and cordial
supnort. Chester A. Autour.
Just: G. 1831.
President Arthur wrote the most perfect
hand of anv ol our Presidents. In it we
recognize the finished gentleman and this
gentleman's love of elegance and ease.
A long letter from President Cleveland,
dated September 6, 1888, relative to the yel
low fever sufferers at Jacksonville, in wliich
he promises "everything will be done to
tht limit of our power to help in the best
and most reasonable way," the ex-President
writes in rather a literary hand, very hard
to read.
The last in this valuable set of letters,
and up to date, is from President Harriscn,
written Christmas Eve, 1889, inclosing a
contribution to the relief fund of the Grand
Army, with these touching nords:
The obligation orhelplng onr unfortunate
comrades was not overlooked in the organ
ization of the Grand Army, and has ever
since been one of the most conspicuous
features of the society.
Who can foretell the next President that
will aid a letter to Colonel Crook's collec
tion? Grant' Bosh to Arms.
I conclude with a hitherto unpublished
letter from Jessa E. Grant, father of Gen
eral Grant, that shows a phase of his son's
heroic character, and beyond all cavil the
attitude assumed by him prior to the break
ing out of the late war:
Seeing that many of the officers of South
ern birth were resigning, and that the Gov
ernment might need the services of experi
enced officers, and believing that the Cap
tain would be willing to serve his country
and make hiimeir useful. I wrote to General
Scott some eight or ten days ago on this sub
ject, but as yot have not received any an
swer. Tno Captain bas been living at Galena.IU.,
and I had not seen or written to him on tho
subject. Yesterday I received a letter from
him. He said as the Government had edu
cated hitn for the mill t try service, and as it
now needed his services, he had again
drawn Ills sword in its defense, and while
his service were needed they were at the
disposal of his country. He bad raised, nnl
lormed and drilled a company, and should
this week take them to Springfield and have
them mustered into tho service. He said he
would report himself to tne Governor and,
hold himself subject to his orders. I wish
yon wonld see General Scott and, if neces
sary, the Piesident, and let me know soon
if they can red to re ulin again to the regular
ainiy. Of course he would not be willing to
return to the army as a captain. I hope.
Judge, yon will give this subject a little at
tention and write to me soon.
The original of this letter is also in the
possession of Colonel Crook. It will be
noticed that it was written just two weeks
after the following telegram had been sent
to the Secretary of War:
C&M.RLX8TOX, S. C, April IS, U6X.
To L. P. Walker:
We opened fire at fcSO k. x.
G. T. BmnuDJiKO.
Vast Temple Batabjx
Mff ELEGTROCUTIOK
t
An Inventor Kill3 Off Caterpillara
"When They Climb Trees.
STATISTICS OS EAPID TEAHSIT.
When Patents on Incandescent Llgats Ex
pire Ther Will Be Cleap.
LATEST THIKGS TX ILECTEICm
rWBITTZX TOU TOT PISPATCS.J
The public has often been told how
Edison, years before he wrestled success
fully with the problem of making incan
descent 'Hgltiag commercially possible,
amused himself, by designing an electria
trap that wrought havoc with the cock
roaches attracted by his lunch basket. Carl
Hering has now improved on the idea by'
constructing a device for preventing cater
pillars from crawling up trees. Alternate
wires of copper and zinc are run around the
trunk of the tree, at a distance of about
one-half inch apart' The casual cater
pillar begins to mount the trunk of the
tree, and nnlimbers himself with the con
fidence and vigor bora of an impending
feast Presently he .reaches the copper
wire, pokes his nose over it, and lets an
other kink out of his backbone. One-half
inch further np his front feet strike the
zinc, the circuit is completed, and the un
fortunate larva is a martyr to science.
A New Substitute for Bobber.
The growing scarcity of India rubber and
guttapercha, with its attendant rise in
prices, has caused considerable anxiety in
the electrical industries thatvre dependent
on the supply of those commodities.-.-new
preparation has been brought out
which is said to give great promise of meet
ing all the requirements of an efficient in
sulator. It consists of manilla gum tempered
with benzine, to which an addition of 2 per
cent ot auvergnc bitumen, also mixed with
benzine, is added. These are thoroughly
blended, and after giving 5 per cent of rosin
oil has been added a product is obtained
having all the suppleness, elasticity,
solidity and durability of the best
rubbers. If the product be too fluid,
a further addition of 4 per cent of
sulphur, dissolved by means of sulphate of
carbon, is made. The addition of 5 per cent
ot rubber to this mixture makes one of the
best compounds known for certain purposes.
The vulcanization of the material can be
carried out in the usual way.
Telegraph Facilities in England.
A notice recsdtly issued by the English
Postmaster General is instructive as show
ing the direction in which the convenience
of the public in the transmission of tele
grams can be increased. Telegrams which
cannot conveniently be handed in at a tele
gradh office mav be posted in a pillar box,
or at anv postoffice-which is not a telegraph
office. They are sent on by the next collec
tion to the telegraph office to which the let
ters included in such collection are taken,
and are thence, transmitted free of extra
charge, provided the proper amount has
been prepaid by means of postage stamps.
The public are, however, cautioned that
telegrams so posted cannot, as a rule, reach
their destination so promptly as those
handed in at a telegraph office. It is desir
able to enclose the telegram in an envelop
marked "Telegram, immediate."
ISlectrlc Motors on Farm.
The introduction of the electric motor in
farm work will inevitably inaugurate a new
era in Western agriculture. A bill has been
introduced in the Kansas Legislature to
provide for the establishment of an agri
cultural power experiment station by the
Government, in which an effort will be made
to determine the relative value of the dif
ferent motors on the great grain-growing- ""
farms of the plains. Agricultural operations
have hitherto been carried on almost entire
ly by animal power, and when the advan
tage is offered not only of facilities for the
carriage of agricultural products to market,
but of ample and cheap power for the till
ing of the land and the reaping of crops, the
development to be looked for will approxi
mate that which bos followed the applica
tion of electric powerin all other branches
ofindastry.
Cheapening of Electricity.
The cheapening of electricity for light
and power purposes is only a matter of
time. In England the cost of production is
being rapidly lessened by improvements in
dynamos, and even more in lamps. After
January, 1893, when the'lamp patent ex
pires, the price of an incandescent lamp
will be 18 cents, as against the present
price. 90 cents. A curious circumstance is
noted in the returns of one of the London
stations. The income per lamp has gone
down from 10 shillings per lamp in 1S90 to
9 shillings per lamp lost year, a result
that can only be explained by' the theory
that the public are becoming more accus
tomed to the use of tho electrio lighfand
take more cars in turning it off when noV -wanted
An Electrical Pool Marker.
Players of the seductive game of pool
often find it desirable, especially on private
tables, to dispense with the services of the
attendant whose duty it is to mark the
score. To meet such conditions an elec
trical register has been devised, by which
the progress of the game con be accurately
recorded. Contact buttons are so arranged
in front of the pockets that when a ball is
holed it strikes the button, and the point
is registered by an annunciator on the wall
of the room. The saipe principle has been
applied to a pin pool table. Push buttons
are fixed in the place of the pins on an or
dinary pool table, and the balls passing
over the buttons make a connection which
is shown on the annunciator, so that when
the player has finished scoring, the total
numher of points made are automatically
recorded
One Effect ol Electrio Bosds.
An invariable result of the replacing of
horses by electricity ou street car lines is
an increase of traffic Statistics from a
great number of lines prove that the in
crease in gross receipts varies from 25 per
cent to 300 per cent, and is rarely less than
30 per cent, even where the previous horse
service has been good
Paislng of the Preparatory Courses.
It has been voted by the trustees of the
Ohio State University to cut off the first
year of the preparatory course after the
year 1892-93; and the faculty has recom
mended the abolition ot the remaining year
as soon thereafter as practicable.
Science::
i j:
MEDICAL
SCIENCE;:
bos achieved a i
great triumph In ',
the production of J !
BEECHAM S
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rihfaO Headache and all Kei- J
Tons Disorders riinr from Impaired
OtB&fnKi- Cesatlnatlan nnrf Tt.ii
dered X.lver i sad thewin q-dekly re-i'
j i stars women to complete health. J !
; I Covered with a Tasteless & Soluble Coaling. J :
; Of al druggists. Pries 2S cents a box. '
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