ve&mwais&s&m I ""s!t"V""T'C" , K " ?v . i 18 THE PITTSBURG - DISPATCH,- SUNDAY. APRIL 10, 1893. JfHS..VI and was puffing away at a Regalia, as much at his case as if he were contemplating a tonr of Mexico. "Nonsense," said Boyal in a blast of in dignation. "Gire ns a'jjunl Give me any thing! I'll be hanged it we'll be put to flight by a pack of curs!" As he'spoke the sound of axes against the high fence re sounded ominouilv within the enclosure. "Only as a last resort," said Sergeant Willtwig coolly to the terrified inventor. "We must wait for Mr. Vanderlyn. It is Ill's due. And he may bring relief. Atany rate he brings 550,000 in gold in case of need. "Wc must wait for him. He is due at 10." Trofessor Wilder tried to look calm. His life's work, nav, his life's glory might at anv moment be shattered. The huge air thfp rested on her six sriltsas unconsciously as if there was no hoodlums Tinder the guise of law" seeking its annihilation. The air was clear and still; not a leaf stirred. Sounds dropped crystallized from the toncuc, so pure the atmosphere. Oaths clicked from without upon tpe tympanums of those within, and came like sudden shocks of a galvanic current. "Open in the name of the' law, or we'll batter your blank walls downl" "Have you got an extra wire?" asked the Sergeant, "turning sharply upon the bewil dered foreman. "A couple of miles of 'em, J reckon." "Then let's have them quick! Have your men tack them up two ana four feet respec tively from the ground upon that fence, and turn on the current, I'll wager they Won't come in." There were 12 men under the foreman in the workshop whence the airship had originated. The shop contained a powerful dynamo, which had filled the airship's stor nge batteries. At the Sergeant's command the inclosure was encircled with this mys terious all-powerful protector. Men have cause to fear a dead wire more than an armed desperado. The axes resounded. There was a crash, and an opening large enough to admit a man yawned in upon the airship suddenly. As suddenly tnere came a shriek, a dull thud. The wires, carrying TOO volts alternating current as an experi mental charge had done their bidding. Sur prised, another man from without touched the offending wire with his forefinger and dropped in convulsions. The crowd fell back with horror, with execration. They began to crowl like wild beasts foiled. It would go'hard if they got within. They fell back and consulted. The besieged waited and drew breath. "How goes the fun?" asked Jack Hardy, leisurely descending from the car to the scene, in his Epotless dress. The Sergeant was inclined to sneer at him, but instinct ively felt the difference between supreme sancfroid and cowardice. "But how is Vanderlyn to get in through this mob?" asked Jact, critically looking about him. Mr. Frederick Ball, the astronomical tu tor, pale as the under side of a beech leaf, took up the w ord. "He can't get in. Let us go now while we may. Think of my precious instruments. TJicy'ie yearly Murdered 3Te. Even a slight jar might spoil their accu racv." Pro). Wilder was about heartily to acqui esce in this sentiment, when Sergeant Will tig turned upon them. "It you gentlemen are frightened by this little thing, what will become of vou when vou encounter the horrors of the most terri ble cotintrv that has never been explored? We will stay here in spite of 1,000 such hoodlums aye. and protect ourselves, too, like men." His eyes flashed. Here stood the essence of arctic heroism in this man's contempt of danger, his dauntless discipline and obedience. "I'm with vou," said Koyal Sterne, planting himself beside his chief. "I'm in this, too," Jack Hardy spoke leisurely. He was really the coolest one present- "Ten sets of brains can beat a hundred pairs of hands. That's my creed. But thev are up to some new deviltry out there. They are much too quiet Whew! A stone!" He pulled the tutor to one side, just as a big stone whizzed past them. It was now almost time for Mr. Vander lyn to appear. His was to be the last word of encouragement, the last wave of the hand. It had been a severe task for the millionaire to refrain from speaking of the enterprise, so strong had his faith in it grown. But he controlled himself. If the expedition and the airship failed he would not be held responsible for a disaster, and if it succeeded gloriously, his very reticence would ultimately redound to his honor. His movements could not be wholly concealed. His friendliness toward Professor Wilder in the lawsuit had become known. His business friends came so near the truth as to suppose he was backing up an airship company. His speculations were respected. Mr. Vanderlyn, the- argued, would not go into the airships, the most precarious investment imaginable, not only liable to a shrinkage, but to a learful drop, an utter fall, unless lie were sure that the aerial ship was to be come a more practicable means of trans portation than the railroad or the steamship of the sea. At this crisis Jack Hardy had a bright idea. It was now afttr 10 o'clock. Their patron was due. The "Aeropole" was ready to ascend at a moment's notice. Tho electric engines were in perlcct order, Her powerful aluminum fan-like screws were im patient to make their hundreds of levolu tions a minute. Etcry detail was attended to, and the car was complete. The ballast of water had been added ith experimental accuracy. This intelligent exponent of the machinist's highest genius stood her ground like a horse untethered. She was confined to no tracks, deterred by no fric tions, troubled by no fear of collisions. There she Ftood, the mistress of the ether, ready to take possession of her rightlul kingdom at the slightest touch upon her metal heart. 'I'll tell you Hick me out, boys, as a traitor!" safd Jack. "They'll believe it, outride there. I'll talk to them about dynamos all the same's dynamite to them! I'll get a ch.ince at Mr. Vanderlyn and put him up to saying a thing or two and he'll bet the crowd up the beer, and then he'll come in. "No, let me said Eoval Steme, eagerly. "I've dealt with Indians on the plains I can manage such a tough lot tasier than you can." "It runs in our family to run into dan ger," said Jack Hardy, quietly. "We're always the ones. We have to be. I'll go, Sterne." Off with his fine-fitting coat! It took but a moment. Dishevel and tear him a little there's a minute more! Now, a great out cry was raised within; the current was cut oil from the protecting wires, and quickly enough, to the astonishment ot the out " eiders, ? young man shot over the high Jtnce and landed among them, all but bleed ing. At this moment Mr. Vanderlyn drove up in an open carriage, astonished at the unusual sight, but no one paid any atten tion to him in the moment ot this new di version. "Oh, gentlemen, protect a poor man! groaned Jack Hardy. "They've shot me out!" . , , "An' that us will, sure!" cried the roughest of the assaulting party. "I'm nearlr murdered," continued Jack, rubbing his "shoulder, and edging toward Mr. Vanderlyn, who began -to be greatly troubled. . The crowd was now nearly unmanageable. They gathered stones to fire over the wall. "Don't do that! The machine's fast There's dynamos enoughtofinishher. She'll bust fast enough, you know, when she's ready to do it!" proceeded Jpck. This statement was greeted with a round of tremendous applause.' The mob cheered and cheered again. Mr. Vanderlyn did not recognize Jact He drew back haughtily when the young fellow got near him. But he recognized the daring eyes, when the ir responsible fellow clapped him on the shoulder familarly, and cried out: "The dvnamos are working, sir! Air ship's in there, all fast! Shake!" There was time for a swift whisper, while the cr.owd hooted about them. The clever merchant quickly took In the situation. He soon "had the leaders by the ears, and a suggestion to wet their whistles, together with a crisp 550 bill, had the effect of making the crowd melt away like snow before the sun. Then Jack took Mr. Van derlvn inside to his waiting comrades. "You shall be treasurer, Mr. Hardy, in recognition of your presence of mind," said the merchant heartily. He unloaded pound after pound of British, American and Rus sian gold, and delivered it into the keeping o! the real estatp agent In case the expe dition failed or fell upon strange soil there was gold enough to insure a safe re turn from any point,' so far as gold could avail. But now the hour of starting had struck. In awe and wonder the mechanics of the shop stood and stared around this vessel, so soon to wing her gilded way through the air. Even thev did not know where she was bound. She was the first vessel of her kind to go where her designer should de cree. The six stood silent for a moment in the padded car. "It looks a little different from the old Pullman smoker," said Koyal with a light laugh, as he tossed his curls back and touched the woollen ceiling with his crown. Each man looked sober enough. "Is these anvthing else I can do for you gentlemen?" asked the merchant with a voice trembling with real feeling. "As soon as you start you are heroes! If you come back successful you shall live in the pages of history forever." Sergeant Willtwig, who had inwardly wept, as he had buried many a comrade dead ot starvation and cold in the hopeless disappointment of Artie effort, looked as resolved as the trip-hammer when it is about to crunch a mass of cold steel. Pro fessor Wilder was almost beside himself with the excitement of achievement The tutor thought of his mother, who had prayed with him vaiuly not to go. The two young men thought of nothing but the unique venture. They were not ignorantly brave, but still by the very limitations of their knowledge on this special subject they were incapable of appreciating their undertaking. They did not think about the possibilities of accident, or breakage to the vessel upon which they were to travel. The words careless enthusiasm are tame terms to apply to their confidence in overcoming the unexplored 16,000 square miles about Ihe pole. "Well, I suppose we might as well be off," said the Sergeant, as naturally as pos sible. "L will take charge of this expedi tion as soon as you go ashore, Mr. Van derlyn." Farewells were soon said. Men do not weep when they part, even though they go to certain death" Prof. Wilder took his position in the engine room and started his lour lifting screws lightly. The other four men stood upon the platform above the car and waved their hats. The mechanics looked up with gaping moutha, Instinctively, they stood bare-headed. "Is there anything else?" shouted Mr. Vanderlyn. "There ought to be the most distinguisded crowd in the Union to see you off. It's a shame! We'll do it better when you come back!" He raised his hat. "God keep them sate!" he added to himself under his breath. Faster and faster the lifting wheels whirled. There was an uneasy motion of the vast vessel, as if she were deciding whether to obey the familiar laws of God, or the newer laws of man. But man pre vailed. The screws whirled with" a pene trating whizz. She starts! A wild hurrah goes up from the slowly receding earth. The vessel conquers 10, 20, SO feet! Now, you men! "Hold!" cried Sergeant Wiltwig. "Sir!-" he shouted, leaning far over the rail and looking eagerly to the grass a hundred feet below him. "Sir! In five months send for us! But not before!" "Aye, aye! I will!" came indistinctly from the earth. There was an instantaneous poising in the silent air. Then came a rushing, as ot many winds. Like a torpedo In Five JSIontht! the air ship, with a leap.shot ahead. Where could that speed stop? Twenty-five! Fifty! A hundred! Two hundred miles an hour she sped. Faster than the eagle's flight; laster than the heart of the homing pigeon. Had it not been for the stout railing the four would have been swept into eternity. A stiff hat dropped to the earth below. Stupefied, frightened, cowed, dumb, the travelers, trembling, crawled down into the still car. They dared not look out The sersation ot such flight was unparalleled, uncatalogued. It was prostrating. They lost their breath. They dropped to the floor. The inventor, with bleod-shot eves, bnt with the expression of a conquering god, sat at his post unmoved. He had expected this. The intoxication of success was too fine to filch his senses. A half an hour later Sergeant "Wiltwig staggered to his feet and motioned to the entranced engineer: "Where are we?" "Over Lake Michigan, liook belowl" They were a thousand feet over the sur face ot the earth. "My God!" cried the Sergeant suddenly striking his head with both knuckles. "What's ut?" asked Prof. Wilder. "I forgot that large box of matches! It was in the shop. I forgot it this morning. I don't believe we have over 25 aboard!" To Me Continued Ji'ext Sunday." American Bisons In England. Pall Mall Budget. The Zoological Society has just acquired a specimen of the American -bison. It is a fine, large beast, though a trifle dilapidated as regards its skin. There are now severa bisons at the Zoo, which is an excellent thing, for this fine creature has got a con siderable distance along the road leading to extinction. Formerly it- existed in count less herds on the North American praries, but now there is only one herd left. The American bison is, indeed, quite as rare as the European bison the Aurochs. If it were not for the great care taken of the few survivors of these two ruminants they would have been by this time as extinct as the dodo. X FnrTH avbhuz property, near Harlret street, lor sale at auction. See Black & Baird's ad., UtU page. su FL00R0FTHE0CEAN. Bits .of Knowledge Scraped From Thousands of Feet Below, the Waves. ANIMALS WITHOUT EYES, And Accustomed to Such Pressure That They Burst When Baised. FIVE MILES OF SOLID SALT WATER. Sediment of Great Elvers Carried 600 Miles From the Coasts. RAND PE0GRESS IN OCEAXOGRAPHI rwarms for the dispatch, i A few years ago, wnen the steamer Ga zellewas dredging the depths of 'the South ern Atlantic, many hundreds of miles from land, the scientific staff was greatly sur prised to haul up from the sea bottom many grains of quartz. These heavy deposits could not have been carried from the land, for the ship was far north of the track of the Antarctic icebergs. It was believed this quartz in the middle of the ocean might afford another proof that igneous or erup tive rocks, now and then, are thrust by sub terranean action up through the deposits on the ocean bottom. Another explanation of these quartz finds was advanced. Suppose a ship with sand ballast was lost in the mid dle of the ocean. In that event its millions of quartz grains would be sifted over the llo 7"7eo e 1 FTj ip ttR vtu&vu . f " V $hm?5't A& " 4!3oWfnSm EttRIA l8-t jeiay l J A ) - -.' 40 wh--" " i w ItMilpTI ENTCKIMI DEEP SEA BESEAKCH, 1888-'90. This map gives the names of vessels engaged in deep sea research and indicates, by broken lines, the location and extent ot their surveys. Many of these vessels are war ships commissioned to undertake scientific work, particularly deep sea soundings. Among these vessels are the Albatross and Blake, of our Fish Commission, and the Adams, Dol phin, Swatara, Trenton and Alliance, of our navy. The Egeria, Ketrievcr, Westmeath, Investigator and some other vessels are English. sea bottom; which goes to show that sci entific men cannot always, with safety, at tribute to mighty phenomena the accidental finds they make. The map shows the wonderful interest the world is now taking .in deep sea explora tion. The science of oceanography is still young and. strangely enough, it was not naturalists but engineers who first began to explore the ocean depths. It was when the first submarine cable between Europe and America was laid that the scientific world turned its attention to the study of the ocean abysms. The English vessel Porcu pine, in 1869, fairly ushered in the era of deep sea research. Then followed the memorable expedition of the Challenger in 1872, and later came a crowd of investiga tions in every sea. The Ocean Bed Is n Plain. It may De said that in their broader feat ures the contour of the ocean bed and the phase of deep sea life are now revealed. Here are some of the most interesting facts that have been learned: It was supposed a few years ago that the ocean bottom was largely a counterpart of the land features of the globe, with its mighty mountain ranges pushing up toward the surface of the sea, and deep valleys and glens sinking to almost unfathomable depths. This is found to be true only to a limited extent. Here and there, to be sure, mighty mountains push toward the surface or rise above it, forming islands; and then again the bottom sinks in a narrow trough, as off the northeast coast ot Japan, until it seems as though the sounding line could never measure its depth. But the ocean bed, in the main, is found gently to undu late, and would present the appearancet if it could be observed, of a slightly rolling plain. It has been found also that we used to hswre very exaggerated views of ocean depths. Maury, in his day the great au thority upon "the ocean, popularized the idea that a depth of eight or nine miles misht be found in mid-ocean. We know now that a depth of five miles is very ex ceptional. General Von Tillo, who lias made the latest determinations of ocean depths, fixes the mean depth of all oceans at 3,803 metres,, or about "12,700 feet, less than two-and-a-half miles. The Pacific Ocean averages about 1,100 feet deeper than the Atlantic. The North Atlantic is deeper than the Southern Atlantic, and Arctic Ocean grows shallower the nearer the pole is approached. Ueposlts From Rivers and Icebergs. Very interesting facts have been discov ered with regard to the great distances from land at which the sediment brought down by mighty rivers is spread over the sea bot tom. Those giants among rivers, the Niger and Congo, produce most marked effects upon the nature of the deposits at the bot tom of the ocean. Buchanan has found that the sea bed for hundreds of miles from land, from the Gulf of Guinea to Luanda, has been filled up to an enormous extent by the dark-colored soft muds brought down by the rivers; and off the mouih ot the Congo the shore mud has been traced to a depth of 18,000 feet at a distance of 600 miles from land. In the Bay of Bengal and. the Ara bian Sea the sediment from the Indns and the Ganges is spiead out over the greater extent of the ocean's floor. Antartic ice brings as far north as 40 south latitude the debris from lands perhaps still unknown. Dr. Murrav says, "however, that toward the central parts ot the oceans it is difficult to trace the oTdinarv river detritus in the de posits there forming. Before the Challenger expedition only six deep sea fishes were known. To-day about tn times as many forms of deep sea life are familiar to oceanographers. We can form some idea of the abundance of life existing in some regions at a depth of 2)4 miles, when it is said that at a 'single haul of the trawl only 12 feet wide and dragged over the bottom lor a very short distance, as many as 150 specimens of the' higher forms ot deep sea life have been obtained. Two Kinds of Oceanic Life. One very interesting fact seems to have been established by the recent investigations in the Pacific of our Fish Commission steamer Albatross. It has long been known thati the group ot animals characteristic of the upper part of oceanic waters is entirely dis tinct from the forms of life near, and at the bottom of the sea. The Challenger in vestigators thought they had established the fact that another distinct group of animals exists in the intermediate depths between these upper and lower forms of life. This theory seems to have been upset by the work of the Albatross. The naturalists of this vessel have found that the forms of sea life in the upper portion of the ocean waters may desoend to a depth of 1,200 feet or so from the surface, but there then succeeds a barren zone which continues to within 360 to 300 feet from the bottom where the deep sea animals begin to appear. As a rule, these deep sea animals have no eyes, showing that they have no need of them. The fact that they are subjected to enormous pressure, is shown by many ' of them bursting open when brought to the surface. Some of them have very bright colors, and they are found most abundantly along the courses of the great currents,show ing that these rivers in the ocean bring a -large amount of food for the deep sea fauna. Cnrlotu Incidents or the Work. A narrative of the minor and curious in cidents of deep sea exploration would make an interesting story. It was a distressing, though rather ludicrous mishap, that befell Dr. Hansen, who unfortunately wrote his labels and description of the sponges col lected by the Norwegian North Atlantic ex pedition in fugitive ink, and the records of his work became indecipherable. One ther mometer now in use registers the tempera ture at any desired depth, by means of a weight which is sent down the line at the depth required, and striking the thermome ter inverts it Awhile ago a small flat fish was investigating the instrument at a depth of 1,200 feet, when the weight descended and caught the animal. These expeditions have demonstrated the interesting fact that the knowledge of deep sea deposits has now advanced so far that experts at home, from the examination of a specimen, can tell approximately at what depth, and in what latitude it was taken and, with certain reservations, can roughly determine the longitude. To give an illus tration or two in tropical regions distaut from land, and at a depth of 18,000 feet, the deposit seems without exception to be a clay arising from the decomposition of vol canic matter. In the greatest depths there is hardly a trace of carbonate of lime, but at depths of 12,000 feet more than half of the deposits consist of this deposit Within 100 to 150 miles of land all the pelagic organisms are more or less completely hid den by the large amount of coast or river debris with which they are mixed. Facts About Enormous Depth. The Dolphin found a depth of 20,646 feet south of the Azores, which was the greatest depth discovered during its long cruise. The Seine discovered that the now famous Trinidad depression (over 20,000 feet) was not so extensive' as it is represented on the maps. The Pola's investigations in the Eastern Mediterranean resulted in record ing the depth of 13,316 feet, the greatest depth yet found there, and the great de pression in this sea must, therefore, be moved quite a wav east from its former central position on the maps. The Black Sea has been sridironed by lines of soundings, and the important fact has been discovered tbat below COO feet there is no organic life, the loner stratum being so much impreg nated with sulphuretted hydrogen. The work of the F41a in Denmark Strait, be tween Greenland and Iceland, had the im portant result of showing that the warmer Atlantic waters pass north through the strait under the surface Polar stream flow ing south. lue oceanic studies have been rich in re sults concerning the nature and extent of the currents, the color and transparency of sea water, the temperature at various depth, polar ice, the formation and di mensions of waves, and various other phe nomena, and the extensive literature now accessible relating to the sea in all its as pects shows that rapid progress is making in oceanography, the youngest of the sciences. Cyrus C. Adams. THE NEGLECT OF LANGUAGES. Even the Iearned Men Are Not Able to Keep Up Their Acquired Tongues. The present state of linguistic education gives the most unsatisfactory results, says Philip Gilbert Hameston in the Forum. Languages are first very laboriously and very imperfectly learned and then generally abandoned in aiter-life. Even the learned themselves rarely pursue them unless they have some special reason for doing so con nected with their professional business. Modern languages are neglected almost as much as the ancient when they are not wanted for business purposes or travel. An Oxford man who is a ripe'Italian scholar tells me that young ladies in England inva riably give up their Italian after leaving school, as young men throw aside their Latin. University degrees are evidence of past labor, but not ot interest, nfl'ection or facility. Lord Dufierin raid that although he had taken- a degree he could not really read Greek until he had learned it over again for himself, and in his own way. An English Judge who had taken his de gree at Cambridge told me that he could not make out Greek in mature life, even with the help of the lexicon. A fellow of the French university, a prizeman especial ly for Latin in a severe competitive exam ination, told me that he should never think of reading Latin for his pleasure he did not know it well enough. An English professor, reputed to be one of the best Latin scholars in his own country, gave .up Latin and Greek entirely when he turned his attention to modern languages. The principal of a French college once confessed to me that he never read Latin or Greek, which were taught in the place by the specialist masters under him. All these were what he called "learned men," cer tainly educated men. What, therefore, are we to expect from the half-educated? AN AIAEM FOB POISONS. Contrivance That King a Bell When a Deadly Bottle Is Taken Up. A medical correspondent of the Lancet says: When reading an account of Mr. Men nell's bottle Stand, by which ihe inadver tent use of poisonous drugs may be avoided, a very ingenious electrical contrivance which I saw about two years ago in the es tablishment of a chemist at a well-known seaside resort was called to my mind. Under each bottle containing a poisonous substance, as it stood on its shelf, was placed a small metallic disc, which was con nected by a wire with a battery. When a bottle was removed a bell was immediately rung, and continued to ring until it (the bottle) was replaced, thus giving unmis takable evidence of the fact that a poison oifs drug had been touched. In a word, the action was that of an ordinary electric bell reversed i. e., the bell rang when pressure on the disc (caused by the weight of the bottle) was removed, and vice versa. AN IDEAL FIGHTER. Lord Wolseley Sets TJp Forrest as, a Model fonthe Soldier. COULDN'T DRILL A C0HPAHT And Couldn't Write an Order, lrat Ho Knew How to Lead His lien. LEATES FROM HIS WiE EEC0ED rWKITTIlf FOB THE DISPATCH. The officer of regular troops intrusted with the duty of quickly raising levies for immediate war service is often too prone to think that his one great endeavor should be to '!set them up" and so instruct them in drill as to make them look as much like regulars as possible. As a matter of fact, he almost invariably fails to accomplish this aim. and in his well-meant efforts too often robs them of their onlygood quality in a military point of view, I mean the fearless dash and go so often possessed by undiclplined fighting men. Like the well meaning missionary, who, in persuading the heathen to believe no longer jn their idols, robs them of their only spiritual faith without being able to induce them to accept Christianity in its place, the result is usually disastrous in both cases. The troops, especially the horse, raised by Mon mouth during his rebellion, are a very good illustration of what I mean. General N. B. Forrest, of whom I wrote a few days ago, never fell into any such error. He had no knowledge of military science nor of military history 'to Jeach him how he should act, what objective be should aim at, and what plans he should make to secure it. He was entirely ignorant of what other Generals in previous wars had done under very similar circumstances. This was certainly a great misfortune for him, and a serious drawback to his public usefulness. He Never Got In a Pjnlc. But what he lacked in book lore, was, to a large extent, compensated for by the soundness of his judgment upon all occa sions, and by his power of thinking and reasoning with great rapidity under fire, and under all circumstances of surrounding peril or of great mental or bodily fatigue. Panic found no resting place in that calm brain of his, and no dangers, no risks ap palled tbat dauntless spirit Inspired with true military instincts, he was, most verily, nature's soldier. His force was largely composed of wild and reckless men, who all looked to him as their master, their leader, and over whom he bad obtained the most comDlete control. He possessed that rare tact unlearnable from books which enabled him not only effectively to control these fiery, turbulent spirits, but to attach them to him person ally "with hooks of steeL" In him they recognized not only the daring, able and successful leader, but also the commanding officer who would not hesitate to punish with severity when he deemed punishment necessary. He thoroughly understood the nature and disposition of those he had to deal with, their strong and their weak points, what they could and could not accomplish. He never ventured to hamper their freedom of action by any sort of stiff barrack-yard drill, or to embarrass it By any precon ceived notions of what a soldier should look like. They were essentially irregulars by nature, and he never attempted to rob them of that character. They Knew He Meant Business. Bnt the most volcanic spirit among them felt he must bow before the superior iron will of the determined man who led them. There was a something about the dark-gray eye of Forrest which warned his subor dinates be was not to be trifled with, and would stand no nonsense from either friend or foe. He was essentially a practical man of action, with a dauntless, fiery soul and a heart that knew no fear. To take my readers through his military, career would be to rewrite the history of most of the war in the Southern States of the Confederacy. He was present at the eventful battle of Shiloh, a brilliant Seces sionist victory one day, a defeat the day af ter. When General Beauregard's line of battle halted on the evcningpf Sunday, the Gth of April, in the midst "of the Federal camps which had been taken, his troops were thoroughly exhausted, and thought onlv of- obtaining food from the captured supply waeons. Forrest on his own initia tive pushed forward his scouts to watch the enemy's doings, and soon discovered that large Federal reinforcements were being ferried over the Tennessee Biver. He , at once perceived the gravity of the position, and did all he could to communi cate this to his army headquarters, but no one knew where thev were. In his search to find them he fell in with the officer com- manuing an juinuiry unguue, iu wiiuui lie said, in his own rough colloquial vernacu lar: "If the enemy come on us in the morn ing, we shall be whipped like ( )." His prophecy was not far wrong, and by Mon day night General Beauregard's army was in full retreat. One, of His Characteristic Charses. General Sherman pressed the retiring Confederates very hard all Tuesday, the 8th of April; upon one occasion during the day Forrest with about,S50 men keenly watched his opportunity from an ofiensive return from behind a ridge which afforded his sol diers good protection. The Federal ad vanced guard of two battalions of cavalry and a regiment of foot, upon reaching the ,ridge, at once proceeded to attack it witn great spirit, jout in crossing a nine in tervening ravine and stream, fell into some confusion. Forrest, with his usual quick military perception of such an opening, at once told his bugler to sound the "Charge!" and, pistol in hand, dashed in among the astonished Federals. The effect was instan taneous. The enemy's horsemen fled back panic-stricken through the woods, scattering their own infantry, who quickly doubled after them. A scene of the greatest confu sion ensued, and Forrest, pursuing for some distance, killed many and took some 70 prisoners. With his usual hardihood, i"pushing on well ahead of his men, he soon found him self face to face with the enemy's main body, and nnder a galling fire from all sides. A ball struck him above the hips, and hurt ing his spine, at once benumbed his right leg. His horse, though mortally wounded, still enabled him to bolt for his life through a crowd of the enemy, who shouted, "Kill him!" "Shoot him'" etc An unerring shot with his.revolver, he soon cleared a path for himself, and found once more at least tem porary safety among his own men. It was many weeks before he was again able to take an active part in the war. Celebrated' His Birthday Jn Carnage. A couple of months after the battle of Shiloh Forrest was sent to command a cavalry brigade at Chattag ooga,and bidding goodby to tils old regiment, set out in June, 1862, for this new sphere of action. With in a month of entering upon this new com mand he had taken Murfreesboro in Ten nessee. It was one of the most remarkable achievements of his life. . His force con sisted of not more than 2,000 badly-armed men on horseback. A five days' march brought him before that place at early dawn the enemy being in entire ignorance of his presence. Surprised in their camp, and charged in the streets of the town, the place .was soon taken. It was Forrest's birthday, and the evening before, when he told his men this, he begged they would celebrate it by their , courage. His appeal was not in vain, for they never fought better or against greater odds. After the town had fallen, there remained' two camps outside in which the Federals still showed fight. Before setting out to attack them manrv who did not know For rest regarded this enterprise as dash and doomed to failure: and now several of his officers urged the propriety of being content with what he had already achieved,, and begged bim to fall back at once with the stores and prisoners he had taken before his retreat could be interfered with. They little realized the fiery temper or the mili tary genius of their new commander, upon whom they pressed this advice. This was the first time his new force, demoralized by previous failures, had seen him in action. They were not yet infected with the fire which burned within him, and he had not yet had time or opportunity to catch hold of their imagination or their spirit They had no enthusiasm for this stranger, nor any great, confidence in his ability as a General. Forced Them to Believe in Him. He was, bow ever, determined they should believe in him before the day was -out, as his own regiment bad long done. His fur ther operations that day showed a rare mix ture of military skill and of what is known by our American cousins as "bluff," and led to the surrender of the camps attacked. The General in command and 1,700 infantry were made prisoners, a vast amount of stores were burned, and four field guns. 600 horses, many wagons and a large quantity of arms, ammunition, clothing and food were taken. It was a brilliant success, and as it was his first great foray it at once established his reputation as a partisan and as a daring cavalry leader to be dreaded by all com manders of Federal posts and stations within his sphere of action. His raids' upon the enemy's lines of com munication were frequent and most success ful. No rivers stopped him, and any de tailed accounts of the railways and valu able military stores he destroyed and the fortifie'd posts he captured would alone fill a volume. His pursuit of Colonel Streight's cavalry column for four days and nights in 1863 reads like an exciting novel. It ended in his saving the great arsenal and workshops of Selina, and in the capture of Streight and 1,700 of his men by the 600 troopers he then bad with him. He toot part in General Bragg's retreat from Tennessee, and one 'day, being with the tail of the rear guard, an excited old lady rushed from her house and, upbraiding him, urged him to turn round and fight. As he took no notice of her entreaties, she shook her fist at him an,d cried out: "Oh, you big, cowardly rascal, I only wish old Forrest was here; he'd make vou fight!" Such was then the public . estimation in which he was held. What Hn Did With a Kow Force. But, as-we sometimes find in all armies, his commander in chief did not agree with this popular opinion of his merits and abil ity as a soldier; for, later in the autumn, he was superseded by a very inferior man as a cavalr leader. He forthwith resigned his commission; but, instead of accepting his resignation, the Central Government pro moted him to the rank of Major General, assigned him to the command ot North Mississippi and West Tennessee. There he hid to raise, organize, arm and equip an entirely new force. With it he did great things in 1864, against large num bers of well-armed and splendidly-equipped Eederal cavalry.- The cavalry force of about 7,000 men under General Sooy Smith, and belonging to Sherman's army, he com pletely defeated in a fairly open and prairie country suited for the action of regular cav alry, had either side possessed any. General Sherman officially described Smith's division as'composed of "the best and most experi enced troops in the service." This part of the campaign had been expressly designed by that General with a view to the capture or destruction of Forrest's force. But Smith was no match tor his opponent, who out generaled him, and the result was the reverse of what Sherman had intended and anticipated. Forrest's force during these operations numbered about 3,000 men, one half of whom were raw and badly-armed recruits. General Grant says: "Smith's command was nearly double that of Forrest, but not equal man to man, for lack of a successful experience such as Forrest's men had had." And yet they were, as soldiers went in this war, well drilled and com manded by a regular officer, whereas Forrest's men knew little more of drill than their General, who, his friends alleged, could not at any time have drilled a com pany. Sherman's Efforts to Destroy Him. A small brigade of about 700 Kentucky infantry was now handed over to him. but having found horses for these foot soldiers they were thenceforward reckoned as "cav alry." His little army now consisted of two weak divisions, with which, in 18S4, he took Union City, attacked Paducab, had a most successful engagement at Bolivar, and finally captured Fort Pillow. In these operations he inflicted great loss in men, arms, horses and stores upon his enemy, largely reinforced his own command, and refitted it with captured equipments. Re peated efforts were subsequently made by General Sherman to capture or destroy Forrest's apparently ubiquitous force. He several times drew a great cordon ot bri gades and divisions around him, but all to no purpose; he defeated some and escaped from others. His hairbreadth escapes from capture when thus closely surrounded by numerous bodies of troops, each larger in itself than his whole command, read more like the pages ot romance than the history ot military events. All through his operations one great secret of his success was his intimate knowledge of the enemy'B movements and in tentions. His campaigns were made in dis tricts wnere uie lnuaoiiams were Heart ana soul with him, and it was therefore much easier for him than for the Federal Generals to obtain useful information. His system of recennaissance was admirable, and, tor the reason just given, he could venture to push his scouts out in twos and threes to ery great distances from headquarters. One Federal General was removed from his command at Memphis for having failed to do anything against this now redoubtable commander. Shortly afterward Forrest himself marched into Memphis and took possession of the newly-appointed Federal General's uniform which was found in his room. The disgraced General, in vindica tion of his own conduct, wittily said: "Thev removed me because I couldn't keep Forrest out of West Tennessee, but my suc cessor couldn't keep him out of his bed room." Forrest sent this uniform back to its owner, who, in his turn, sent Forrest some gray cloth and gold lace to make into a Confederate uniform. He.CouId Slake a Good Citizen. The war over, Forrest at once recognized the necessity ot patriotically accepting the fact that the North had won, and that the South must accept whatever terms the humane Mr. Lincoln might dictate. He published an address to the gallant men who had so long followed his plumb in battle, and who were not only personally devoted to him, but thoroughly believed in him as a skillful and an eminent leader. He reminded his men that the terms granted by Mr. Lincoln were satisfactory, and mani fested "a spirit of magnanimity and liber ality on the part of the Federal authori ties." The last paragraph of this famous order was as follows: "I have never on the field of battle sent you where I was un willing to go myself; nor would I now ad vise you to a course which I felt myself un willing to pursue. You have been good soldiers; you can be good citizens." Like most of the planters who had become soldiers, the end of the war had found him financially ruined. But with that pluck and energ'y which characterized every action of his life, he at once set to work to retrieve his fortune. He went back to his plantation, and from it he extracted enough to keep him from want; he also embarked as acontractor upon some of the railways then being pushed over the Western plains, and although he was never rich again, his gains placed him above novertv. He died about 12 years after the close of the war, from the effects of the wound near the spine which he received at the battle of Shiloh. He had been four times wounded, and had had 18 horses killed and 10 others wounded under him during his four years of of war service. What a record! It would be. difficult in all history to find a more varied career than his a man who without any learning, and by sheer force of character alone, became a great fighting leader of fighting men a man in whom an extraordi narv military instinct and sound common sense supplied to a very. large extent his unfortunate want of military education. Wolselet. THE. MEAT OF PAftlS. An Army of Poor Would Suffer if Horse Flesh Were Not Used. FIRST DSED DURING THE SIEGE. The Scientists Justify the Custom in Sound Arguments. ' IT MAT COOL THE FEENCHMAS'S HEAD rconBESPOsDBsa: or the dispatch'.'! Paeis, March 30. I have never failed to go out of my .way to get even a passing glimpse of a fine horse; but it has been the horse as a splendid example of fire and grace, of strength and gentleness, that has interested me. That I have gone out of my way to study him as an article of diet is all due to the Fiench chit-chat I have been hearing. For the last month horse meat as a topic of Parisian conversation has rivaled the vagaries of the German Emperor, the Catholic question, and the Anarchists' threats to blow up Paris with dynamite. I wouldn't dare say how many times I have been told that, according to the sta tistics of 1891, there are 194 shops in this city where horse meat is sold, and that in that year there were dealt out to consumers 21,231 horses, 61 mules and 275 asses. I have had it repeated to me at half the dinner tables at which I have sat that these figures meant that the Parisian stomach had made an effort in 1891 to digest 4,697,990 kilos (10,335,578 pounds) of horse, ass and mule. Originated With the Siege. This conversation has not all been sta tistical It has been enlivened by personal reminiscences of the Siege of P.tris,when of the best patronized of the street hawkers was he who cried "cheval" and "mulet." I have heard vivid descriptions of groups of soldiers roasting whole the carcass of some fine steed which had succumbed to German bullets or siege privations. My stock of French curiosities has been in creased by the .following novel menu accurately presented in 1870 at a banquet given by the members of a society advocat ing the eating of unusual meats. Here it is, translated: soup. Consomme of Ilorse, with Barley. BELEVES. D03 Liver a la Maltre d' Hotel. Cat Croquettes, Mayonnaise Dressing. KITRKS. Fillet of Dojt, Tomato Sance. Civet of Cat wlt'i Mushroom". Dog Cutlets with Green Peas. Bagont or Kats, Robert Sauce. ROASTS. Dos with Pepper Sauce. Vegetables. Plum Fnddlnif with Rum and Ilorse Marrow Sance. Among the guests who ate through this dinner was the famous scientist, de Quatre fages. Once or twice I have encountered a live hippophagist who has loaded me with historical facts, contending that the preju dice aiainst horse meat is due in the Orient to the Koran which forbids Mohammedans to use the meat, and in Europe to the early Christian priests who forbade it to their flocks because the Teutons and Celts sacri ficed it to their gods and ate the flesh at their religious festivals. Meat Seasoned With Cannon Powder. This same propagandist has proved to me that in Germany, Austria, Holland and Bussia the horse had long been an article of diet, and he had furnished me a most enter taining account of the use made of this meat in Napoleon's wars', espe cially of that notable time when after the battle of Essling, the French troops were shut up on an island in the Danube with nothing to eat and the horses were ordered killed and cooked, and in default of 'salt were seasoned with cannon powder. These advocates tell with emotion the story of the modern debut of horse meat in Paris. It was a work of philanthropy, and oddlv enough a woman was responsible for it. This woman was a .oiaaam lioueiie, me wife of a Prefect of the Seine. Madam B. was a devoted friend ot the poor. She was greatly troubled by the fact that the work ine people could not afford to buy sufficient meat at the usual prices. She believed horse flesh to be nutritious. She knew it cmiM hn old cheanlv. In 1866 she per suaded her husband to allow a shop to be opened. The 194 shops which exist to-day are a sufficient monument to her good sense- .,.-,, i. All this information did less, however, to m.t. mo feel that horse meat was a fact than the brilliant banquet at which the hip-. pophagists celebrated tne aavaiice oi ineir doctrine in February. The menu was char acteristic It included horse sausage, horse d'la Geoflrey Saint-Hilaire, mule brains, smoked horse tongue, filet of horse a' la De croix, mule ham and horse pates. The menn was not completely equine. The cheese and drinks were ordinary. Why not follow the Arabs and add cheese of ass milk, and the Russians and make a drink of mare's milk? r!nnispnev is a iewel. A sect 'which sings the praise of mule sausage ought not to hes itate at mare's cheese. One or two of the names in the above list need explanation perhaps. A la Geoffrey Saint-Hilaire is in honor of the famous scientist of that name who was the first to give authority to pating strange flesh. A la Dccroix is'in honor of an old man of 70, a member of the Legion of Honor, who has given his life to popularize the use of meats rejected by French palates. He is an hon est advocate and eats regularly of all that he preaches. The Test of Actual Experience. One does not like to be behind all his neighbors. I resolved at last to look upon horse steak in its oricinal shop, to buy and to eat. I made my first application at a rather swell place. The polite butcher raised his .eyebrows at my inquiries. He did not keep eheval. No first class shop like his did. Did mademoiselle want it for her dog? Mademoiselle didn't She wanted it for herself, but her pride was too much for her and she faltered a cowardly oui and went out. ... The next shop was less stylish, but it j:jfc .Alt 1.a AmAn. llnwirir it frflTP: U1UU .CI1 UWl.-CWSHIt -..w.w., -- q .- the information that there- was a stall in each market where it could De louna, ana that in certain quarters, and on the out skirts especially, there were shops which were licensed to keep it; that in all cases the law required that it be plainly .marked. A number was given me. It proved cor rect. Here I found information as well as steak and sausage. The first related to prices. The roast costs 20 cents a pound: the "beefsteak" 6 to 14 cents; the leg, 8 cents; ribs, 3 to 4 cents. . Do Not Be Deceived. Persons with weak lungs those who are constantly catching cold should wear an Allcoci9s Porous Plaster over the chest and another between the shoulder blades dur ing the cold weather. Remember it always strengthens and never weakens the part to which it is applied. Do not be deceived by imagining any other plasters like it they are not may look it, but looks deceive. Insist always on havine Allcock'S. the onlv reliable plaster I ever produced. The average is 10 cents a pound, half, and in Kome cases less than half, the price of beef. As to the meat I bought I ate it. However it is not a subject on which I care to write. There are experiences in life which are best d'scussed at a distance of years. My dinner on cheval a la Geoffrey Saint-Hilaire is one of mine. Not that the meat was not savory. It is the idea. Many of the French working people will not touch horsemeat because they believe that dis eased animals are used. This is quite false. The police restrictions are severe, and every animal passes nnder an inspector, who re jects him if there are any signs of any dis ease or if he is excessively lean. Tho Supply for tho Abattoirs. It must not be imagined that the horses used are raised for the markets. The sup ply is from animals for one reason or an other unfit for work. Paris alone furnishes large numbers. Every day one sees horses slipping and falling on the glassy asphalt. If they do not break a leg out and out they frequently sustain a rupture or strain which makes it neces'ary to kill them at once. The owner is glad enough to sell the dead animal, which ordinarily is in capital con dition and makes most juicy steak. Those whose injuries are not fatal perhaps might be sold for 53 or 54, to be used in hacks, bnt when they will bring 510 to 520 at the butcher's the question is quickly settled. Agents are kept constantly in the country for 100 leagues around Paris looking np broken-down horses. There are two abattoirs in the city where they are bntchered. At the larger tho number Killed per day is never less than 50. It is a dreary place to see, sitnated within a stone's throw of the famous factory of Gobelin tapestries. Everything around the buildings fills one with disgust. The place of execution is a chamber of horrors. I confess I have looked into the revolutionary Iirisons of Paris and upon the guillotine with ess shivering than I felt in this place. The animals are led in one by one. A mask of leather is fitted over the victim's head cover ing the eyes. In this mask just over the center of the forehead is a movable nail of iron. When it is adjusted the executioner approaches, and with a heavy hammer strikes a quick blow. The animal imme diately falls dead. Ulce Witnessing an Ex-catloo. When I visited the abattoir they were fitting the death mask over the head of a noble Perchon which that morning ha4 fallen in an omnibus and sustained a mortal wound. I had the comforting fancy that I had been behind the poor fellow when ha went down since such an incident had marked the ride I had taken on the omni bus that morning. I did not stay to see the dreadful business ont. It was too much like assisting at the execution of a friend. The great reason for encouraging the use of horsemeat is economic. It gives a per fectly healthful and nntritions food to tha poor at a very low price. The matter fs most important in Paris where wages are low and prices high. It bids fair to be mora important, as the new tariff is already begin ning to bring up the price of meat. But Paris is not the only city which has multitudes of inhabitants who are insuf ficiently fed. Every city has them and it is a question of vital importance to furnish them food at the lowest cost. Philanthro pists in the United States could do much worse than to study whether it wonld not be worth their whil'e to begin a propaganda in favor of horsemeat. Hay Make Frenchmen Steadier. There is another argument for the prac tice, one for the Society for the Prevention of Crnelty to Animals, to consider. The misery of broken down, lame, worn out horses which are bought for a song by poor hucksters, teamsters, jacks-of-all trades, and beaten and starved through a miserable old age is one of the most pitiful facts ot tha horse race. If when a horse is worn ont he could be turned promptly into plump saus age he certainly would be savedgreat suffer ing. No doubt if he had a voice in decid ing his fate he would raise it emphatically in favor of the sausage. If we could know the effect on a race of hippophagy we might have still another ar gument in favor ot it. France ought soon to be able to speculate on mat, ior ine prac tice is increasing rapidly in all her largo cities. If we are "wh3t we eat, as some wise men argue, will France acquire vigor, persistency, patience, steadiness, in proportion as she eats the animal which is the personification of these qualities? If so, then mayit not result that the Germans, who, by their siege of Paris are reallv responsible for the fame of horse meat in France, have given to the French the very weapon with which in the future they shall conquer and win back the much mourned Alsace-Lorraine. It "is certain that if France could add a level head to her brilliancy there is nothing she might not do In the way of conquest. Let us hope, not for the sake of the boundary line, but for that of human progress, that hippophagy will give her the qualities she lacks. Ida M. Taebell. A CAT WHIPS AH ALLIGAT0B. The Battle T-asted Several Hoars, bat Tabby TV as a Stayer. Boston Herald. A house cat belonging to Mr. Walton, of Vernon, Fla., was in the habit of going to the river and feeding on 4nus3els and such fish as it could get, and it was noticed sev eral times that when the cat moved along the bank a ripple in the water showed that an alligator kept pace with it in the water. The cat, however, was aware of the alliga tor's presence, but showed no signs of fear. One day recently the cat approached too near the water in its eagerness to get a fish, and was suddenly grasped by the hind leg by an alligator about three feet long. The cat made a spring and got away, but tha leg was bitten badly and bled freely. Tha taste of blood seemed to put the alli gator in a frcnzv.for it came out on the bank and tried to continue the pursuit. The cat turned on its enemy.and then began a fierce fi"ht. The cat was so quick that it wa3 impos sibleor the allicrator to get a bite at it, and the result was that the saurin was soon en deavoring to beat a retreat to the water. But the cat now began an offensive attack and cut off the way, nipping the alligator in the throat and tender spots under the arms, until the reptile was bleeding and almost exhausted. This fight continued for several hours, and when at last the alligator gave up it was bleeding from over 100 wounds. . The cat was seemingly unhurt except in tha wounded leg which was injured before tha fight began. The Next Point. Detroit Free Press.l "I have been in nineteen engagements," boasted Colonel Battles, the old war horse. "And how many times have you been married?" asked Miss Elder, with deep in terest. Sppjukle a little Bngine In the cracks and crevices around the kitchen sink, and It there are any roaclies or other bu?" there, tlioy will swarm out and drop dead. 23 cents. We pack and store furniture; clean, dry warehouse: charges reasonable. Uacqii & Keesas, S3 Water street. wsu i , AH. -.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers