Mfiwjppiyiiwwpgp " JfWv?- '-WXVf-f " -5 Vf - X.-& - .,Sp 'aVlmjyjffif JJJgpMlj,,-- wv?WjySg4W , - "T"T- "TT W-!WK 10 THE PZETSBTmO- DISPATCH. SUNDAY. JANUARY 10. 189a General Albert Sidney Johnston, who had fallen carlv in the first day's action, and with a larger segregate loss of killed, wounded and missing than Grant suffered, The first reports iron the Shiloli battle field createl profound alarm throughout the entire cosntrv, aad the wildest exaggera tions were spread in a floodtide of -vituperation against Grant. It was freely charged that he had neglected his command because cf dissipation; that his army had been sur prised and defeated, and that it was saved irom annihilation only by the timely ar rival of BuelL The few of to-dar who can recall the in flamed condition of public sentiment against Grant caused by the disastrous first day's battle nt Shiloh, will remember thst he was denounced as incompetent for his command by the public journals of all parties in the; Jforth, and with almost entire unanimity by Senators and Congressmen without regard to political faith. Hot only in "Washington, but throuchout the loyal States, public sen timent seemed to crystallize into an earnest demand for Grant's dismissal from the army. His victories of Forts Henry and Donelson, which had thrilled the country a short time before, seemed to have been for potten, and on everv side could be heard the emphatic denunciation of Grant because pf his alleged reckless exposure of the urmy, while Buell was universally credited with having saved it Lincoln Pressed to Remove Grant. It is needless to say that owing to the ex cited condition of the public mind most ex travagant reports gained readv credence, end it was not ucommon to hear Grant de nounced on the sireets and in all circles as unfitted by both habit and temperament lor en important military command. The clamor lor Grant's removal, and often for his summary dismissal, from the army surged against the President from every tide, and he was harshly criticised for not viromptlv dismissing Grant, or at least le lieving him from the comn.and of his army. I can recall but a single Republican mem ber of Corgres who boldly defended Grant Rt that time. Elihu 13. AVashburr.e, whose home was in Galena where Grant had lived before he went into the army, stood nearly or quite alone among the members of the House, in vi holly justifying Grant at Shiloh, while a large majority of the Re jrablicans of Congress were outspoken and earnest in condemning hiin. I did not know Grant at that time; had neither partiality nor prejudice to influence ray judgment, nor had I any favpritc Gen cral'who misht be benefited by Grant's oi erthrow, but I shared the almost univer sal conviction ot the President's friends that he could not sustain himself if he attempted to sustain Grant by continuing nim in, com jnand. Looking solely to the interests of Lincoln, feeling that the tide of popular re sentment vias so overwhelming against Grant that Lincoln must yield to it, I had repeated conference with pome of his closest friends, including Swett and Lamon, all of whom agreed that Grant must be removed from his command, and complained of Lincoln for his manifest injustice to himself by his failure to act promptly in Grant's re moval. So much was Ilmprcssed with the import ance ot prompt action on the part ot the President atter spending a dev and evening in "Washington, that I called on Lincoln at 11 o'clock at night and sat with him alone until after 1 o'clock in the morning. He was, ps usnal, worn out with the day's ex acting duties, but he did not permit me to depart i.ntil the Grant matter had been gone over and many other things relating to the war that he wished to discuss. 1 pressed upon him with all the carnesti.css I could command the immediate removal of Grant as an imperious necessity to sustain Hmself. As was his custom, he said but little, only enough to make me continue the discussion until it was exhausted. He sat before the open fire in the old Cabinet room, most of the time with his feet up on the ligh marble mantel, and exhibited unusual distress at the complicated condition of military affairs. He knew that I had no ends to serve in urging Grant's removal be Tond the smile desire tomake him be just to iimself, and he listened patiently, occasion ally throwing out terse suggestions to con tinue the conversation until every phase of the question had been exhausted. I could form no judgment daring the con Tersation as to what effect my arguments iad upon him beyond the fact that he was greatly distressed at this new complication. When I had said everything that could be raid from my standpoint, we relapsed into silence. Lincoln remained silent for what seemed to be a very long time. He then gathered himrclf up in his chair and sajd in a tone of earnestness that I shall never forget: "I can't spare this man: he iights." Lincoln ":ood Alone In lh Eight. That was all he said, but I knew that it was enough, and that Grant was safe in Lin coln's hands against his countless hosts of enemies. The only one man in all the nation who had the power to save Grant was Lincoln, ard he had decided to do it He vas not influenced by any personal partiality for Grant for they Lad never met, but he believed just what lie Eaid "I can't spare this man; he fights." I knew enough ot Lincoln to kuorf- that his decision was final, tnd I knew enough ot him also to know that be reasoned better on the subject than I did and that it would be unwise to attempt to resettle his determination. The method that Lincoln adopted to Teeue Grant from the ocium into wnich he bad, to a very large degree, unjustly fallen, vas one oi tne bravest ana most sagacious acts of his administration. Hallcck was commander of the military division consist ing ot Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee and possibly other States, but he remained at his headquarters in St Louis until after the battle of Shiloh. Lincoln's first cove was to bring Hallcck to the field, where he at once superseded Grant as commander of the krmy. This relieved public apprehension unu soon calmed the inflamed public senti ment that was clamoring for Grant's dis missal. Lincoln knew that it would require time for the violent prejudice against Grant to perish, and he calmly waitcduntil it was sale for hiin to give some indication to the country of his abiding faith in Grant as a military commander. tenacity of Lincoln' Methods. Halleck reached the army at Pittsburg Landing on the 11th of April, four days after the battle had been lought, and, of course, hi presence on the field at once made him the commanding ofiicer. On the 30th of April, when the public mind was wwnrnMv veil nrjnifAi! tn Hn WfiM w --.- j .. jilbru.u ... A JlUhlbU bU I trrant, an order was issued assigning him "as peeond in cot-mand under the Major I general commanding tne department. This was an entirely needless order so far cs mere military movements were involved, and it is one of the very rare cases in the history of the war in which such an order was issued. Only under very special circum stances could there be any occasion for an order assignmz a particular General as sec ond in command of an army. "While the army is within reach of orders from the commanding General there can be no sec .ond in command. In case of his death or inability to take active command in battle, the military laws wisely regulate the suc cession and only in extraordinary cases is it departed from. In this case the purpose of it was obvious. Lincoln had quieted public apprehension by bringing General Halleck to the field 'and thus relieving Grant of command without the sem blance of reproach; but he desired to ira Eress the country with his absolute faith in rant as a military leader, and it was for that reason that the special order was issued assigning him as second in command of Hal leck 's army. The effect of that order was precisely what Lincoln anticipated. It' taade all loyal men take pause and abate or yield their iolent hostility to Grant in obedience to the publicly expressed confi dence of Lincoln. The country knew that Lincoln best understood Grant, and from the date of Grant's assignment as second in command of the army the prejudice against him rapidly perished. It was thus that Lincoln sa ed Grant from one of the most violent surges of popular prejudice that was ever created against any of our leading Gcnerals,and on thellthof.Tulv.whenitwas entirely bafe to restore Grant tobis command for active operations, Halleck was ordered to Washington by Lincoln and assigned as Commander-in-Chief. Grant Never Knew the Trntlu Grant was one of the most silent of men, and most of all reluctant to talk abont him self, while Lincoln was equally reserved in all things pertaining to himself personally. Especially where he had Tendered any ser vice to another he would be quite unlikely to speak of it himself. Judginsr the two men from their chief and very marked char acteristics, it is entirely reasonable to as sume that what Lincoln did to save Grant from disgrace was never discussed or re ferred to by them in personal conversation. Grant never, in any way known to the pub lic, recognized any such obligation to Lincoln, and no utterance ever came from him indicating anything more than the re spect for Lincoln due irom a General to his chief. I never heard Lincoln allude to the sub ject bat once and that was under very pain lul circumstances and when the subject was forced upon him by myself. I found bim exhibiting great solicitude as to the battle m Pennsylvania. He knew that his elec tion was in no sense doubtful, but he knew that it he lost Xew York and with it Penn sylvania on the home tote, the moral effect of his triumph would be broken and his pow er to prosecute the war and make peace would be greatly impaired. His usually sad face was deeply shadowed with sorrow when I told him that I saw no reasonable prospect of carrying Pennsylvania on the home vote, although we had about held our own in the hand-to-hand conflict through which we were passing. "Well, what is to be done?" was Lincoln's inquiry after the whole situation had been presented to him. I answered that the solution of the problem was a very simple and easy one; that Grant was idle in front of Petersburg; that Sher idan had won all -possible victories in the Valley, and that if 5,000 Pennsylvania sol diers could be furloughed honre from each army, the election could be carried without doubt A Memorable Conversation, Lincoln's face brightened instantly at the suggestion, and I saw that he was quite ready to execute it I said to him, "Of course you can trust Grant to make the suggestion to him to furlough 5,000 Penn sylvania troops for two weeks?" To my surprise Lincoln made no answer, and the bright face of a few moments before was instantly shadowed again. I was much dis concerted, as I supposed that Grant was the one man to whom Lincoln could turn with absolute confidence as his lriend. I then said with some earnestness: "Surely, Mr. President, you can trast Grant with a con fidential suggestion to furlough Pennsyl vania troops'.'" Lincoln remained Bilent and evidently distressed at the proposition I was pressing upon him. After a few moments, and speaking with emphasis, I said: "It can't be possible that Grant is not v our friend; he can't be such an ingratc?" Lincoln hesitated for some time and then answered in these words: "Well, Mc Clure, I have no reason to believe that Grant prefers mv election to that of lie Clellan." I must confess that my response to this to me appalling statement trom Lincoln was somewhat violative of the rules of courteous conversation. I reminded Lincoln how, in that room, when I had appealed to him' to respect the almost universal demand of the country for Grant's dismissal, he had with stood the shock alone and interposed his omnipotence to save Grant when he was a personal stranger. Lincoln, as usual, an swered intemperance of speech by silence. , Jleailo and Mirridan All Tti;lit. I then said to him, "General Meade is a soldier and a gentleman; he is the com mander of the Army of the Potomac; send an order to him from yourself to furlough 5,000 Pennsylvania soldiers home for two weeks, and" send that order with some trusted friend irom the "War Department, with the suggestion to Meade that your agent be permitted to bring the order Lack with him." Altera little reflection Lin coln answered, "I reckon that can be done." I then said, "What about Sheridan?" At once his sad face brightened up, like the noonday sun suddenly emerging from a dark cloud, as he answered: "Oh, Phil Sheridan; he's all right ' Before I left his room that night he had made his arrangements to send messengers to 3Ieade and Sheridan. The order was sent to Meade and he permitted it to be returned to the President, but Sheri dan needed no order. The 10,000 Pennsyl vania soldiers were furloughed during the week, and Lincoln carried Pennsylvania oa the home vote by 5,712 majority, to which the army vote added 14,063 majority. It was thus that Lincoln made his triumph in Pennsylvania a complete victory without what was then commonly called the "bay onet vote," and Lincoln carried New York by 6,719, ieaving McClellan the worst de feated candidate ever nominated by any of the great political parties of the country. I left Lincoln Jully convinced that Grant was an ingratc, and Lircoln certainly knew Jhat he permitted that conviction to be formed in my mind. He did not in any way quality his remark about Grant, although it was his custom when he lelt compelled to disparage anyone, to present some charita ble explanation of the conduct complained of. The fact that he refused to send his re quest to Grant, while he was willing to send it to Meade, proved that he was, for Eome reason, disappointed in Grant s fidel ity to him, and the enthusiasm with which he spoke of Sheridan proved how highly he valued the particular quality that he" did not credit to Grant Lincoln Was Evidently Mistaken. I confess that the conviction formed that day made the name of Grant leave a bad taste in my moutli for many years. I heartily supported his nomination for the Presidency in 1858, and was chairman of the Pennsylvania delegation in the Chicago Convention that nominated him, because I believed that the chivalrous victor of Ap pomattox would command the highest measure of confidence from the Southern people and hasten the restoration of peace end'business prosperity; but Grant and his immediate friends knew that while I earnestly supported his nomination and election, I did not have the confidence in him that he generally commanded. I now believe that Lincoln was mistaken in his distrust of Grant It was not until after Grant's retirement from thePrcsidcncy that I ever hid au opportunity to hear his ex planation. I remember that on election night, when Grant was advised at his head quarters in front of Petersburg of Lincoln's election lie sent Lincoln a dispatch heartily congratulating him upon his triumph. I never heard Lincoln allude to the subject again, and I am therefore ignorant as to whether his belief was ever changed. I never visited the "White House during Grant's Presidency, although twice specially invited to do so to consider what I regarded as an impracticable or impossible political suggestion, but I accidentally met him soon attcrhis retiiementin the Continental Hotel in company with Mr. Childs. Grant came forward in the most cordial manner and thanked me for an editorial I had written on the day that ended his Preidental term, in which I had spoken of him and his achievements as history would record them, regardless of the political passions and prejudices of the day. Why Grant "Was Silent In 'G4. The meeting ended with an invitation to Innch with him that afternoon at Mr. Dnex cl's office, which I accepted. There were present only Mr. Drcxel, Mr. Childs and one or two others connected with the Drexel house. After luncheon all dis persed but "Grant, Childs and myself, and we had a most delightful conversation with Grant ior an hour or more. I was anxious to learn, if possible, what Grant's feelings were in the Presidcntal battle of 18(51. "Without intimating to him that Lincoln had distrusted his fidelity, I reminded him that he maintained such a silent attitude that some of Lincoln's closest friends were at a loss to know his preference in the contest He answered very promptly that he supposed none could have doubted his earnest desire for the re-election of Lin coln, although he studiously avoided any expression, public or private, on the sub ject He said: "It would have been ob viously unbecoming on my part to have given a public expression against a General whom I had succeeded as Commander in Chief of the army." 1 do not doubt that Grant declared the exact truth in that statement' Naturally silent and naturally adverse to any expres sions w hatever on politics, he felt that he could not with propriety even appear to as- sail a man who-had failed and fallen in the J position that he bad won and maintained. Thus for 12 years I cherished a personal prejudice against Grant because of nis sup posed want of fidelity to Lincoln that I now believe to have been wholly unjust Delightful in Conversation. One revelation to me at the meeting with Grant at the Drexel lunch was his remarka ble and attractive powersirs a conversation alist He discussed politics during his term and the politics of the future, public men and public events with great freedom, and in a manner so genial as to amaze me. I had shared the common impression that Grant was reticent, even in the circle of his closest friends, hut the three hours spent with him on that day proved that, when he chose, he could be one of the most enter taining of men in the social circle. It is"evident that from the day that Grant became Comtnandpr-in-Chiei, Lincoln had abiding faith in him. He yielded implicitly to Grant's judgment in all matters purely military; Grant, like all great soldiers, yielded as implicitly to Lincoln in all mat ters relating to civil administration, and the annals of history will testify that Grant ful filled every expectation of the Government and of thelnval peopleof the nation as mili tary chieftain. Many have criticised some of his military movements, such as his as saults nt Vicksburg and Cold Harbor and his battles in the "Wilderness, but he met the great need of the country, and was as heroic in peace as in war. When President Johnson attempted to punish Lee for treason. Grant not only ad monished the President, but notified him that "the ofucers and men paroled at Appo mattox Court House, and since upon the same terms -given to Lee, cannot be tried foi treason so long as they preserve the terms of their parole," and he went so far as todeclare that he would resign his com mission if the Government violated the faith he had given when Lee surrendered to him. lie fought more battles and won more victories than any General of any country during his generation, and when on the 23d of July, 1885, Ulysses S. Grant met the inexorable messenger, the Great Captain of the Age passed from time to eternity. A K. McCluhe. GOSSIP OF THE GUARDS. Adjutast Johk Ilrnn uiD.of the Fourteenth Regiment, is in New Yoik City. lie expects to be absent about ten days. ColoxtlXormut II. Smith, of the Eight eenth Kegiirent, spent the past week in riiilndelpliu on a business flip. JLsjob J. Coxuad Kat, or the Eighteenth Hegiment, Is one of the conspicuous figures at tho riding school in the East End every baturday evenin?. The Major is quite -i horseman, and when mounted on his black chirgerhe presents a striking military ap pearance. CoairAifT A, of the Fourteenth Regiment has decided to give a large ball during the second week in February. The committee in charge of the affair is Lieutenant J. Fer guson, Serceant Tcnipleton, Corporals Everswan and Williams and Private Cunningham. LiccTEXAjrr Parke, of the "econd Cavalry, spent a few hours In the city last Friday. Sir. Parke was on his way to Washington from the Pine Ridge Indian Acency in Dakota, and reports tho cond.tion of affairs among the Indians as decidedly unsettled, with strom: probabilities or a repetition of the scenes of one ycir azo. The members of the. Washington Infantry hnye been measured for new uniforms, which they expect to wear for the first tlmo on Decoration D iy. The new outfit of rvor couts will be in shape for use in the parade on the 221of February. The Infantry is now one of the hest dressed organizations In the Stite outside of Philadelphia, and Captain Shannon does nor propose to fall short of his leputation in that line. Much in tcrost Is being shown in National Guaid circles ovcrthe prospective fatoo' the bill introduced in Congress by Senator Dolph. which provides for the increase of the Xnfionil Gn.ird appi opnation from $400,000 to $1,000,000. Should tho incieasego through it would give Pennsylvania nearly $70,000 in the way of new equipments, much of w Inch, howevor, would bo devoted to the bittenes, who are badly in need of new pieces. Is special orders fiomthe Adjutant Gen eral's offlce thedischmgp of Captain Will iam II. Wassell, of theEih'ecnth Regiment, Is noted on account of removal of residence. This places a yacnney in Company IS, which has been desired for several months, ?s tho affairs in the company w ere rapidly getting mixed up, due to the failure of Captain, now Lieutenant Was-ell. TJ. S. A., lo fornard his resignation. Mr. Doak, the Tirst Lieuten ant, will undoubtedly be elected to the va cancy should he desire to take it. JlAJor. Gexerm. SifowuE-f last week ap pointed Major Austin e Cm tin, Commissary of Subsistence of the Second Ilrisade, to be Division Commissary or Subsistence, with the rank of Licnleniiit Colonel, vice Pattnn, resigned. Tho promotion is certainly a most deserved one. as 31 ijor Curtin, in his many j ears connection with the guard and especi ally on the staff of General Wiley, won a reputation ns beinc most efflc.ent and courteous. General fenowden also notes tho appointment of nevemlnew names on the nou-commissioned staff. The Court of Inquiry convened last Mon day and Tuesday at the headquarters of tho Eighteenth Rcsiment for the purpose of inquiring into tne case of Adjutant Charles Reese most successfully brought out all the details of the affair, and the report of Colonel Case isawaitcd with interest, Piou ably one or the most peculiar things con nected with the sittings of the couit was tho testimony of Colonel Krumbnaar.of the division ftaff. The testimony bioushtout in tho sitting oT the court last Mondny after noon would pinve tnot valuable in a court inaitial should Mr. Reese desire to push it. Major Thank Patterson, the Brigade In spector, was in the city yesterday on busi ness. Ho is prep.irimr for the annual m snections of the organizations of the Second Brigade in January, February and March, but as yet has not received instructions as to the OTnct dates on which they will take place. These will niobably be the last In spections Major Patterson will hold under the ptesent stem of tictics, as there is scarcelj- any doubt but that the new reculn tions will slioitly be adopted in this State; m fact, many of the organizations are al ready at workunofflciallv instructing their men according to the new sjstem. The commission of Brigadier General John A. Wiley as commandant of the Second Brigade expires tho latter pait of this month. General Wiley will bo reappointed by Governor rattison at once, for, although a difference in politics exists, it will not bo considered in the present case, ns General Wiley has proven himself too efficient and valuable an officer to bo retired at piesent. As to tho makeup of the staff ot General Wilej for the ensnins term of four years, it is probable that icveral new names will be found on the li3t At present a vacancy ex ists in the Commissary Department, caused by the promotion or Major Rastoti last week. Inspector Frank Patterson and Ordnance Officer Samuel ILizIot have at different times signified their desire to retire from mditsrj- lifo at the end of their piesent com missions, as has al-o Captain Murdock, an aide on tho General's staff, so it is possible almost a complete chanso may take place in the Second Bilgade staff. New Cure for Anthrax. The account of n singular discovery comos from Australia. Among those who essayed to rid the country of tho pestifeious rabbits was Dr. Lenoir, a student of Tasteur, who proposed to effect tho work of extirpation by sprinkling the lands infested with a liquid charged with tho fatal bacillus an thracis, the miciobe of the anthrax. Tho conies were found to be much too tough to bewpieciably affected, but an unexpected result followed the experiment Formally years the Australian sheep laiseis liuve Buffered severe losses from anthrax, which, at times, has carried of as much as 30 per cent of their flocks. What was intended to be death to the rabbits turned out to be life to tho sheen, the Inoculation of which bv tho broadcast bacteria caused a marked diminution in the losses by anthrax. The sprinkllns of the charged fluid soon came to be adopted for the purpose for which it m as found to be .so beneficial, and its success has been so great that a labrators- of bacter iology has been establish ed at Sydney, tho main purpose of which is tho inoculation oi the sheep throughout the country. t hat Mrs. H&rrlson Beads. Send 25 cents to the Ladies' Home Maga zine, 1025 Arch street, Philadelphia, Pa., and they will send the magazine for a whole year anil a rebate premium worth nearly 52. It is the most wonderful offer vet GOOD servants and help will answer your word column. " LIES IN "Badly Managed Competition a Con stant Source of Temptation. AK ILLUSTBATI0N Iff, HATCHETS. Horal Coda Put Out by a Tnion of Em: plovers for Its Own Good., EFFECT OF UXCIIEISTIAN METHODS rWWTTEN FOB THE DISPATCH.1 PAPEK NO. 3. I began last week a discussion of the pos sibility of doing business on Christian principles. This discussion started from a letter of inquiry that I wrote to certain business men of Pittsburg. Last week I quoted at length frota some of the answers to that letter. The answers were curionsly different Some said yes, and some no. Various interviews last week with business men interested in the discussion revealed the same diversity. One working man has written me a long and suggestive letter of which I may make use. He says no. I have read with interest a code of ethics, which one of my correspondents gave me in place of a written answer to my letter. This document is the report of a committee appointed by a union of employers of a certain kind of labor. It was compiled from papers read at meetincs of local branches of this union held in most of the large cities of this country. It is valuable as embodying the judgment of thousands of experienced men as to the best methods of conducting business. This code of ethics reads like a commentary on the Sermon on the ilount. A Code to Be Commendrd. "We mnst use every effort," so the code begins, "to develop moral and intellectual manhood. "We should firmly resolve to test every transaction by the standard of truth and justice. Take advantage of no man's ignorance. See that employes are truthful and straightforward, and do not misrepresent nor overcharge the confiding. we must ue as nonoraDie in every partic ular as we would have our competitors. "When a young competitor enters the ranks, welcome him as a new soldier to the field, and help him to any information and assistance which will enable him to over come tho difficulties we had so much diffi culty in surmounting. It should be a duty nud a pleasure to impart to our less exper ienced competitors the knowledge we possess, so long ns we are satisfied that the information generously given ill be hon orably used. In the conduct of our. estab lishments it should be our constant endeavor to elevate the moral character of our work men who arc engaged with us. "While it should be our firm and unalterable deter mination not to be dictated to by labor organizations when their demands are unfair, or which substitute the will of a prejudiced majority for the conservative teachings of common sense and justice, we should be slow to condem the action taken by our employes, as it is possible that the influences controlling them may be more than they can resist Not for Currying rnblio TaTor. This cede of ethics, it should be remem bered, was not set forth lor the information of the public to gain good opinion, but pre pared and circulated among this conmany of employers as a private statement of the ideals in which they all agreed for the transaction of their business. I cannot imagine anything more Christian. U ev erthcless, this code begins with a statement of the evils of competition. Side bv side with the beautiful ideal is set a glimpse of most unsatisfactory present con ditions. We arc taught the nine evils, the nine deadly sins, that accompany competi tion in the industrial world as at present constituted. The first is "moral weakness," the bidder not having the courage to ask an honest price for his work. The second is "mortification and chagrin," mortification vi hen we miss the order, and chagrin when upon getting it we find we must lose money on it The third evil is "envy, jealousy and hatred of our neighbor." The fourth evil is "inadequate compensation for all kinds of work." The fifth is "corruption and demoralization of the customer," who plays us one against another, to our loss financial, and to his loss spirituak The Ideal and tho Kent Sixthly, there comes a constant "tempta tion to dishonesty;" we get the order on a low bid and put in poor worklo keep on the right side of the books. The seventh evil is "loss of reputation," the poor work coming to the light "Loss of self-respect" is eighth in the list of competitive bidding. Here is what the code says under that head: "For, although the ignorance of the cus tomer may enable the sharp bidder to im pose upon him goods or work which are not up to the standard agreed upon, the bidder, who does knowbetter,cannot quiet the still, small voice of conscience, which is continu ally reminding him that, although he bears a fair reputation in the community, he knons himself to be like a whited sepulchre." Finally, the whole bad busi ness winds up in "poor credit, bankruptcy and ruin." It appears, then, that there is some dis tance between the ideal and the real; be tween present conditions, and, at least in that particular branch of industry, and the conditions as the best men in the business would like them to be. For this code Uears a veiv recent date; and my friend who called my attention to it inford me that before its introduction hereTO Pittsburg the competing representatives of that kind of labor were in a bitter and unceasing wrangle, trying every day (commercially) to cut each other's throats. Possible to Do Right nnd Sncceed. Another business man, who did me the favor to show me in detail the entire work ing of his great establishment, told me that the endeavor to keep up such a local union ot the representativ es of his branch of trade here in this city had proved a failure. Ac cordingly, answering my own first question from the information which I have gath ered, it is perfectly possible for the head of any business to conduct it in an absolutely Christian way and to be successful. The most Christian men I know are successful business men. And yet a great deal of business "might be a great deal more Chris tian than it is. The world of business is not the kingdom of heaven yet. Probably there is more temptation to-day to set sin between buying and selling than ever before, on account of this fierce, un ceasing and unsparing competition. It is competition that makes a man take in more orders than he can fill, and make promises that he cannot keep. He tells you that it will be done on Tuesday, and he knows that it will not be finished under two weeks. That is a lie. And when you go to find the reason for the delay, he gives a reason, probably a lying reason. This is a small matter;yet a lie is never a small matter. Practical Result of Competition. It is competition that persuades men to use false weights and measures. It is com petition that induces men to adulterate loods and medicines and so to poison people for money; half of the drunken men are not drunk, they are drugged, poisoned, for the sake of money. This whole vast liquor business, which opens on every corner a door into the infernal regions, which reaches out into the homes ot the nation like the tenth plague of Egypt, "laying low the first born, which causes more unspeakable mis ery than any other traffic under the sun, would bo abandoned to-morrow if there were no money in it It is competition, and the popular eager ness to get things cheap, that puts down prices, say of clothing, Ion er, and lower, and lower, till you are amazed. Who loses, do you think, by the-o low prices which we account gain for ns? The manager of the business? Nevpr. It Is thepoorseamstress, sewinc and starving in the tenement house. i, making calico wi appers at $1 60 a dozen, and neckties at !5 cents a dozen, and flannel shirts at 20 cents a dozen. The great ma jority of the "bai gains" whioh people run after mean some sort of unchristian prin ciple in business. The Temptations of Competition. The nine deadly sins of competitive bid ding make a strong illustration of the pies ence of unchiistlan eloments in business. Tho fundamental principlo of Chiistianity as one of my coi respondents said, is that we should lovo our nehrhbor as oursolf, and that whole matter of secret compe tltivo bid ding, as it has been explained to me, with its principle of different pTices to different people, i3 a constant and persuasivu invita tion into iniquity. Tho buyer makes use of it to beat down the seller, to keep him in the daikus to tho real conditions of tho bargain and to practice extortion upon him. I have had commoicinl travelers tell nin thnt they could not possibly join the Christian Chinch because they could not live in their business according to its spirit. Now I know what that means. No man has a Kreater provocation to distrust the Christianity or the business world than the commeicial traveler. On the other linnd, this evil of secret competitive biildmjr tempts the seller to furnish goods of lower quality than the specifications. These bids which I liavo in mind tire not those tint mo made for the erection of buildings or of pub lic works; they are the every day trans ic- tions between the buyer of every commer cial establishmentand the men who come to get hisoideis. Evil or thotovo oT Money. And here comes in my second question. Agreeing that the ideals, say of a majority or business men, are Christians, but confess ing that there nre nevertheless unchristian practices in business: what are these un christian practices? This question Is asked a;ain and again, trying to get definite ex amples. I got n cood many. "As a nail stickcth last between the Join ings of the stones, so doth sin stick close be tween buying nnd selling." Thatis astiue to-day as it was when it was written. Buy ing and selling ni e transactions for the mak ing of monej. Behind them lies the lovo or money. And the lovo or money, tho wise Scuptures tell us, is the feitile soil In which glows all manner of iniquity. Itis astound ing, it is inci edible, what men will do for love of money. People think sometimes, I suppose, that we have no further need in these days for tho second commandment of the ten. Wo do not woi ship graven imaies. 13 that true? Did any pagan woiship his fetish over mote rovcicntly, pi-ay to it overmore confidently, put more trust in Its power to neio or iiarm, than some men worship, implore and be lieve in the omnipotence of tho minted dol lar? No man who mpkesoven nn honest busi ness the who'o of hisllle, so thatevon Sun day is only a chance to eot rested ior the sake of woiking haider Monday morning, and the heaping up of treasure do'in here, leaves no time for the gathonng ot treasure up above, nnd tho man's heart, his real heait, isall of it in his business, where his treasure is no such man can possibly be said, except in a superficial way, to be con ducting his business on principles that would be approved by tho Lord Jesus Christ. Effect of Unchristian Business. When we think, however, of unchristian practices in business we think m6ro readily of such business methods as harm, not so much the soul of the man of business as tho interests of tho men with whom he deals. Unloi tunately there seem to be peo plo in this woild who care more for money than they do for men, who will fob their own bi others, so it bo within the letter of tho law, and look on at their p lin, their privation, their poveity, with a. sense of absolutely internal satisfaction, lejoicmgin the addition of so many dollars to tncir store, 'lheto aiomen who actually oppose themselves to the up lifting or their brother men, and who having the power, do persistently keep down w hole multitudes or men, and women, and littlo chlldien in conditions unspeakably degrad ing. I mean such men, for example, to go away a sate distnnce, as those two in Lon don who own all that horrible district of Wlntcchapel, and are responsible for the black shadow of that hideous corner of darkest England, and refuse to sell at a fair piicoto buieiswho would transform that place or torment into something neaier par adise. I mean the tenement house owners in Now York who have to be compelled by tho courts to put in decent plumbing, and who even then appeal from court to court, putting it off us long as they can, letting their tenants in the meantime die liko flies. T TTiPATi the nivner of nnv tenement houso 'anywhere I thank. God I know of none such in Pittsburg wheio lor the snKe ot money ourbiotheisandour sisteis ai e suffered to livo in conditions that inevitably poison body and soul. Something Is Awfully Wrong. Somehow there seems to be a great deal of trouble in tho world of industry. I havo read about it at considerable length, and for a good while, and on both sides. I confess that I do not know enouh about Jit jet to give advice. Evidently there is something wrong, uviueniiy wicre is suiuemiuy ie:ir fully unclmstian somewhere in a business vrorld m which a common cab-hoise is bet ter cat ed for Hum a common man. Some thing is tho matter wheie men want woik nud theio is no work for them to do, and for want of work they starv o. Something is out or joint where men work, and work, i.nd work, and work, from tho daik of morning to tho daik of evening, and havo absolutely nothing in their lives but work; and yet, with all that, have haully enough to keep the lite in their bodies. And the wnolo family has to work, the mother and the little children, andjot with all that, starvation sits ev ery day beside tho door. It seems to me that theie must oe something unchristian somewhoie between buyininnd selling, when a man sells his whole life and the lives of all his ramilv foi a mere tenth or twentieth pait of what is daily wasted in many a wealthy home. A rroblcm for Every Man to Study. And I believe that it is the duty of every man who is an employer of labor to study this problem as ho studies his account book or his prayer book, and try to And the Chris tian solution. The art of cathoring a great tortuno has been discovered. Now wo need to know the ait of perfectly just and Chiis tian distubution. 1 am more concerned, however, in this sermon with the unchristian practices of ordinary business. And hero I find, as al most eveiywheie else in modern lite, that tho lovo of money issnarpenedby keen com petition. Whether a man lo es money or not, he hates poveity. Eveiy man in a small business tears to be poor. Business is a race. And in this lace it is eveiy iniin for himself. Take this as me example: There is a great deal of steel made heio in Pittsbuig. borne or it is made by the Bessemer process, some by the open-hearth pioeess, some by tne cru cible process. Very t.iuch the same stock is used In all these piocesses, bnt the quality of tho result is very different. Now we are manufactuieis, cay of hatchet. And wo make two grades of hatchet5, one out of open-hearth, and tho better out of ciuclblo stcek Theso hatchets looK exactly alike. A Concrete Case of Stealing. They look as much alike as iron rails look like steel rails. And iron "mils, I am in formed, look so much like steel lails that, in the days before the inter-State commerce law made It a criminal offense, reputable merchants, men or standing in tho commu nity, billed steel as iron, and so got n lower fieOlitpuco fioni the railioad company; nnd by telling an absolute lie, stole just so much money from tho railroad corporation. Why, IinUhtas well go i-ito abookstoie and put a $2 50 book intomvoveicoat pocket nnd tell tho cleikl had taken a $2 0jboo!c. That false bidding was nothing but a com bination of lyme and stealing But to leturn to the hatchets. The open licai th hatchet look3 so much like the better ciucible hatchot, that we maik the better one with a hotter handle. Now comes a customer who wants to buy a large bill of hatchets, lie has bought from us for several years and we want to keep his custom. But lie informs us that ho has a lower bid than tho one we gave him last year. Someono elso will sell cheaper. What shall we do? After a littlo flguiinc, we accept the bid. But the customer goes away and wo find th it the crucible hatchets that ho expects will be an actual loss to us. And sip mo Suietly niako open-hearth hatchots and lit lem out with crucible-hatchet handles. A Very Common Form of Lying. We ship the goods, and tho customer pro sontly discovers that the quality this year is not so good as it waslast year. He writes to find out why. Did you make thoso hatchets out or the same stock as I hud be foi c? Immceiately we write back, "My dear sir, we gave vou the suue material both yeais." Yes: perhaps the same material; but not put tlirorgh tho same process. And so the uian is first robbed and then lied to. All this is the result of competition badly managed. One of my correspondents set down forme along list of commeicmlliei tn.it had come under his own obseivation. And all of theso were misrepresentations made under tho stress of competition. Business, in some of its departments, seems to bo a ioiiKh-and-tumble fight for custom. One man told me that ho nev er went to bed at night without being afiaid th it some competitor of hi3 would steal his business bcliue morning. Competition beats down prices bolow tho honest value of tho aitlclc, and the low price induces it low quality, and all sorts of sharp practices. After all, it is not so easy to be a successful business man and a good Christian at the same time. I will have more to say upon this matter next bunday. Geobqi: Hodqxs. THE MUSIC WORLD. Suggestions as to the Carnegie Build ing at Schenley Tark. THE HALL SHOULD SEAT 3,000. A Plan to Give tho Teople of the En J an Organization. last NEWS NOTES FROM YAEI0U3 S0UECES Eenewed interest in the music hall to be included in the Carnegie Library building at Schenley Park is naturally aroused by the commission's finally choosing an archi tect and his general design. Also, it may be said, by the failure of the latest attempt to turn other buildings of various kinds into music halls on occasion. How differ ent those Allegheny concerts would have been in the right kind of a hall 1 One quality of the right kind of a hall not stopping to talk about acoustics, which must be cared for first, of course is to ac commodate the people. Not merely give them room 'to get in. Accommodate them; suit their wants and their pockets. Eich people will pay more to be seated in fashionable prominence; pior people will pay as little as possible, and, irrespectiverof p'rice,would rather not be seated prominently, in the midst of a stylishly dressed throng. Be tween the extremes lie other grades of pay ing capacity nnd personal preference. But they all have one thing in common. They all like music. That capacity, thank heaven, cannot be cornered or monopolized. And yet its higher phases of enjoyment and exercise can bs, and in this commnnity constantly have been, made impossible or inconvenient to the less wealthy classes. The new music hall ought to remedy this. It is the key to unlock the musical future to the masses. In every community where the right kind of facilities have been pro vided, all classes can and do share the en joyment and benefits of the very best mu sical performances. So it will be here if the new hall, now to be built for the f utnre, has large enough capacity (at least 3,000 seats, of which, say, 1,000 should be so sit uated as best to suit the people payirg 25c to 50c apiece), and is so arranged with tiers of boxes and balconies as to give cats of every grade of prominence and expense, and thereby bringing the music equally within reach of all tastts and pocket books. Building up in tiers this way presents several distinct advantages over the plan of spreading out on the ground floor. It is possible thus to bring more people within the same distance from the stage, and, moreover, those in the higher tiers can hear much better than if at the rear of the lower floor. It lacilitates exit at the close and, also, in intermissions. (If our people only knew the unspeakable relief and refreshment of going out, ladies and gentlemen alike, for a promenade in the foyer between acts! It thus makes easier the exchange of social courtesies for those who wish it, while at the sametime it lets those who do not wish it keep more to them selves. And, if the house be only partly filled, the empty scats will be either wholly out of sight or much less obtrusive and de- nressine'. It is to be hoped that the building adopted will admit of such arrangement of the interior of the music hall. And that it will be large enough. Not one seat' less than 3,000. Tor every decrease in number means so much more apiece; and, as every merchant knows full well, every upward step of prices contracts the area of patron age in startling ratio. And this hall will inevitably enlarge the area of patronage by the mere fact of its existence, so that it must provide for 'a wholly unprecedented increase in the concert-going ranks. Of course considerations of cost and archi tectural feasibility may prevent the realiza tion of these ideas, but it should be borne in mind bv the commission that to lay the great musical opportunities of the future wide open to the great mass' of the people, is one of the most deserving of the objects they are striving to attain. In the Cnlturcd Exit End. The following communication, received by the editor of this department, presents a subject well worthy the consideration of the music-loving people of the East End: Dear Sin The East End is now way back In music. Allegheny and the city havo their representative clubs, but the East End has none. I therefore intend to organize a club similar to the Mozait and Allegheny clubs, and follow a line of work not to interfere with those mentioned to anyex'ent. I in tend to bring ont the more modern works, and not to forget tho much neglected American composer. I intend to tako chaigeofthe orginization sratis and do my best. Will you kindly assist, through your columns, in agitating n meeting for organiza tion, to bo held in Kosser & Laud's photo graph studio, Frankstown nvenue.EistEnd, opposite Citizens' cable car station, on Thuisday, January 21, next, and obl'ge. Tours truly, JosuhC Breil. The object proposed by Mr. Breil is cer tainly a good one. That section of the city ought to do something of and for itself musically. There are charming lines of composition for smaller choruses to study, and the lack of their cultivation here has often been deplored. The proposed chorus would have a clear field in exploiting those departments. . Literature for the Art Lovers. Among the exchanges has arrived the third issue of Mr. W. S. B. Mathews' new monthly magazine, "Music," which puts a final quietus to the impertinently perti nacious query, Can any good come out of Chicago? The newcomer is suitably and delight fully artistic in its get-up, with the heavy paper, wide margins and cle3r-cut portraits Its subject matter, however, is the strong point. Articles of broad philosophy, pro found emotional content and practical sci entific value give the number a solid and dignified quality, which is relieved and brightened by a sprishtly, continued ro mance and a variety of lighter, descriptive pieces, all worthy of tbeir surround ings. Details cannot be given, but Pittsbnrgers will like to ponder the richly suggestive "Impressions of Beethoven's Sonatas" by Frederick II. .Clark, well rememlered here, and will be interested to hear that Emil Liebling in a careful, though summary survey of the world's living composers names a Pittsburg lad among the half-dozen native Americans, saving: "Among the song writers of the present day, Kevin is particularly attrac tive." Mr. Mathews has struck out in a new and most promising path. It. this gait be kept up he will lead us where it is worth while to lollow. A Clever Dit of Criticism. A very quaint and cunning bit of music criticism was it that Mr. Philip Hale, of Boston,' wrote of a recent song recital by Mrs. Julie Moran "Wyman, whose 'pro gramme, by the way, included two songs by Mr. Nevin, one ot them, "Une Vielle Chan son," being new. Mr. Hale said: This programme was mado up chiefly of Fioneh son's, and it is the task of the leviewei-tospcakorMrs. Wyman'a singing. They order this mattei better in Franco and If this lecital hud been given in Paris, a Frenehn an might havo written concerning lior ns follows: When Mrs. Wyman sings tho poets and composers whom she honors gather urou.idlier, that they may hear her song, and tho women whose souls hhe le veals to the outside world are also there, nnd no one seemed sui prised at this. Prudeliotiiine and Coppeo smile, and say, "We never knew our verses wei e so be luti fnl." Thebovish Nevin modestly tells? his neighbor, "I write mv music for her." The drem-childtem of Massenet nnd Holmes pluck at her 'robe, for they feel that sho knows their infantile ioys and sorrows. Varheda cries out, "How did you see xny Heart, when Zcrcutra was ready to slay me?" The Lorelei throws down her comb of gold and complains, saying: "Ton have robbed mo of the song that Liszt put in my mouth, bnt the song that lurod the boatman to destruction is a sweeter one, and known to mo alone." Augusta Holmes, the Irishwoman who loves Franco, whispers to Saint-Snens: "This is my Solitary Ono whoso Ionjzings you expressed in music. Lonely, she calls to tho warrior, nnd "is not ashamed, for sho is worthy of him." Baudelaire awakens from his opium trance, t eeliug the presence orpeirnme, sopndund color, and he drinks in the odors of green tamarinds, and frank incense n'nd aromatic forests. While Gautier exclaims: ' This is my Contralto, and I hear tho melting strains of Itomeo and Juliet from one and the same statuesque throat." All thij takes place when Mrs. Wyman sings. Verdi's Dearest Aspiration. A cablegram to The Dispatch, dated Milan, January 9, gives this pleasant item of news interesting to musical folk: In an interview, the composer "Verdi says that his opera "Falstaff" is practically completed. His utterances indicated that in the composition of this, his latest work, he had completely abandoned the "Wagner ian method and returned to the spontaneity of Italian music and the comedy traditions of the composers Pergolese Paisiello and Cimarosa, withont losing sight of the mod ern progress of his art. He had thus, he said, fulfilled the dearest asniration of his life. That makes a first-rate text for the follow ing extract frohfMr. W. J. Henderson's musical article in the New York Times last Sunday: As to this foolish pother about tho Ger man and Italian lanstnnes. we have only this t say: Imluae the Italians (or those singingin Italian) to throw a-ide theirin sinceiity, to subordinate their personal vanity to a truthful and artistic presenta tion of opera as drama per musica, and you will see how quickly the lovers of German opera will throng the opera hoii'c. Germau opera is nothing but an other name lor true opera. People call it German opera because in this city they have never had trae opera except in the German tongue. Giv c a season or opera in Italian with tine dramatic methods and the distinc tion between German and Italian opera would bo an empty memory or the past. The Italians have got to come to it. They may wriggle and squirm as they will, but the Anger ot universal opinion is the finger or f;ito and it has pointed oat the straight and narrow path by which the art of opera must advance. Verdi long ago bowed to the decision. Hi "Aida" is a truly dramatic woik; hi3 Otello" is one of the sincerest, as it is one of the loftiest, dramatic attempts of our time. Verdi has said, "My 'Otello' mar well bo proud of Its Teutonlsm." Did Veidi mean by this that he had become tin imitator of Wagner? Non sense! It Is the crowning elory of the im mortal Italian that while he was ready in his old age to bow at a new shrine of art, he sacrificed not one single jot of his own im posing individuality. The judgment of the future will surely hold that 'Otello" is as purely and as beautifully Italian as "Die Meisterslnger" is purely and beautifully Gorman. The Tentonism of Verdi's drama is not In its musical style, but in its spirit, in its abandonment ot the effete traditions of the Neapolitan school, in its return to the first glorious principles of Italian opera as ex pounded by Jacopo Peri und exemplified by Claudiv Monteverde. These principles have become Teutonic simply because Cavalli, Scarlatti, Donizetti, Bellini andsHossini cast them aside and Mozart, Webor, Spohr. Beethoven and Wagner took them up and made them the food of their daily life. Verdi's "Otello" is Tentcnicbecame it isbmlt on these principles, but its musical matter and manner are Italian to the very core, and it ia to the glory and to the welfare of art that it is so. It would be a sad day tor music if operatic productiveness were con fined to one country, to one master. Ger many has her Wagner, France has her Gounod, Italj' has herVcrdi all three dramatic artists. If we rejoice thnt Wagner forced homeupon us once inoro the necessity of adhering to the laws of Peri and Mont everde, already reiterated nnd rehabilitated by tho immortal Gluck, shall wo not also rejoice that the first musical minds of Italy have turned against the shallow pretenses of her contemporaneous lyrlo stago and proclaimed their adherence to tho ideas which the Renaissance- brought forth in Florence? Crotchets and Quavers. Alt rnmors to the contrary notwithstand ing, Teresa Carreno married Eugen d' Al bert, the pianist, some six weeks ago. jlfiuf cal Gmrter. The ICOth performance of Keycr's opera "Sigurd" has taken place in Paris. The composer has been made a member of the Legion of Honor. 31ns. Cxlestia McDosald, a contralto from Boston, where she studied with Lyman Wheeler, is Pittsburg's newest acquisition in the ranks of vocal teachers and singers. Edwaud Geieo celebrated the twenty fifth anniversary of his first concert last month at Christlanla. Tho mnsical world Joins dramatist Henrlk Ib3on in that toast he pro posed to the Scandinavian composer's health. Messrs. Aueet & Gcac" have concluded ar rangements with onzogno, the Milanese publisher, regarding tho production of Jlas cagnl's new opera, "L'Amico Tritz," at the Metropolitan this season. Tho oricinal manuscript is now on the way to Sew York. And now the Oourisr savs: "Rubinstein is coming after all, as tho contract with Messrs. Abbey & Gran, signed by him, is on Its wav to this conntrv." The report will be entirely creditable when Rubinstein fol lows his alleged contract, and not mt.cU be lore thoi, probably. Mas. K. O. Lifpa, of this city, has Jnst pub lished a sacred song,"Jesu?, I Live to Thee," which breathes a suitably devotional spirit nnd has a skillfully constructed nccompant nient, but would have been bettered oy a closer adherence in the second verse to the melodic subject-matter of the first. Mb. Louis Clakie, who is tho solo bari tone, organist and choirmaster of tho R. C Cathedral, at St. Augustine, Fia , sends to TnnDisFATcn his fine mnsical programme for the Christmas services. If the choir song that imposing list of works nnythins like as artl-ticslly ns the printer has printed it. Mr. Clarke should have been the recipi ent of hearty congratulations. Mb. A. Libebati, who enjovs national fame as a corneti3t and bandmaster, will be the chief drawing card for tho concert an nounced by Sir. G. Gilli to be given at the Auditorium on Wednesday evening of this week. Besides Mr. Giili and several of his vocal pupils, there will appear Mr. Charles Corcoran, baritone; 3fr. C. W. Fleming, vio linist, and Mr. M. S. Rocoreto, who will esay to manage the stubborn clarinet and a bras3 band on tho same evening. The exceedingly careless, not to say dis respectful, deportment nud playing of tho New York Symphony Orchestra, whenac compinyins the cantata under Mr. Lafferty's baton last Wednesday, hns been remarked upon by many. At the same time the en larged possibilities of choral productions with n complete, well-trilned orchestm, were broaglit to irany minds. Pittsburg's need for tuch an orchestra of her own giow steadily greater and becomes nioro painfully telt. There is no r-nson to doubt that Mr. Home- Moore would still be willlns to undertake the work in the man ner proposed somo months nco and it would not be strange if the extraordinary public recognition ho has sained asasir.cernnd es-ayist ulthln tho past few weeks should mako the path smoother no r. Is there no way orr.iislng the subscription needed, so as to get everything thoroughly prepared for next season? As avplt Indicated in the columns of this Journal during the week, the two concerts of tho Allegheny Musical Association, with the Xcw York Symphony Orchestm, gavo great pleasure to audiences aggregating well up towards 3,003 people. On Thursday even ing the ofllcers of the association thought the iocoiptswouhl very nearly pay all expenses and make it unnoeessaiy to call on the pnar antors for more than a small pait, if any. of their subscriptions. If Is to be hoped that this will be found correct, as it would smooth tho way to more frequent repetitions or orchestral visits. Roth the Boston and the sew lorfc Sym phony orchestras, which make stated con cert tours, onght to be heard here several times e.ach season. It might lacllitate tho matterintho case or the Gothamites were thev to knock off that $K0 they ask over th amount charged by their superiors from the Hub. There ou,;ht to be no need for a guar antee fund in older to -.ecure resular, high class orchestral concerts which are not necessarily upon the extraordinary scale of expense that fits a largo festival enterprise. srCCKE desirable boarders end lod;er by cdverlisins in the cent-a-word columns of THIS D13PATCU. An Opportunity to Visit Congress In Session, By taking the excursion to Washington, D. U, next Thursday, January 14, via the B. & O. E. It. Trains leave B..& O. station at 8. a. M. and 920 p. M. Kate for the round trip 59 and tickets good for ten days, and valid to Baltimore. A SMALL TORMENTOR; Hott the Insignificant Tick Has Hade Life & Burden on Jamaica. DESTEOTEfG EEFUSB OP A CUT. y lea Cretm Prescribtd lj Doctors for Cer tain Stomach Troubles. r PLATIffG CHESS BT THE TZLEPH0J! nrarmxrosTHi dispatc,i On the beautiful "West Indian island, Jamaica, the grass tick is an almost in visible insect, but its power of torture is, in proportion to its size, probably greater than that of any creeping thing, and the whola island is infested with it to a degree that makes life a burden. It is impossible to walk in a field or "pasture" for a few yard withont being covered with the insects, and the sufferings of the unfortunate being who happens to brush his shoes or clothes against the blade of grass or leafy bush on which they cluster in thousands soon reach an agonizing stage. The sensation once felt can never be forgotten, and it resembles nothing so much as the fierce pricking of a thousand needles. The onslaught of the tick is not in on place alone, but all over the body, for no sooner" is the "nest," which looks liko an innocent lump of smut, disturbed than each of the tiny specks of which it is composed starts out on an expedition for himself, and trav els as far as his hunger will allow him be fore settling down on hfs new feeding ground. Not only i3 it impossible to go out without being attacked, but the ticks actuallblow into the houses on the breeze, and "ticking" form3 a recognized part of the Jamaicans' toilet. But the inconvenience and anguish caused by these vicious and all-pervading insects is not confined to human beings. The cattla and horses in the pastures are so distressed by th'em that the cattle and horse-rearing industry of the island are seriously threat ened. It is no unusual sight for a horse that has been out at pasture for a day or two, to come in so covered with ticks that in cleanin? him the hair comes off in large patches alt over his body. So instinctively do cattle know tho terrors of the tide onslaught that they will often refuse to bo driven into a pasture where the insect it more than usually prevalent. The plague has como to be so terrible that it has occupied the attention of the Fellow of the Linnaean Society of England, who have eome to the sad conclusion that, ac cording to the present state of human knowledge on. the subject, there is nothing' for the afilicted inhabitants of Jamaica to do but to bear their heavy burden as best they can. The cause of the scourge is stated as two-fold. In the first place, tho burning of gras3, which atone time was very com mon in the island, has been discontinued to a large extent, and, in tho second place, the Jamaicans are paying a heavy price for try ing to destroy the balance of nature In tho island for the benefit of their sugar canes. The cane-piece rat ate the sugar cane and. cut down the profits of tne planter, and in an evil moment the Government lis tened to the insistent demand of the planters for the Indian mongoose, which was said to be unequaled as a rat killer. Tha mongoose came and,multiplying at a prodig ious rate, spread over tho country. Ha drove the rat out of tho canepleces into tha cocoanut trees, to the manifest detriment of tho fruit thereon, and turned cane-eater him self. But this was not all. He decimated the poultry yard of every estate and "pen" in the island, and in certain parts fowls and eggs are hardly to bo had. When hungry he would attack young pigs in the pastures. He then turned on the harmless yellow snakes, which he made short work of, and Is now effecting the destruction of the lizards and birds which formerly preyed on ticks. Ha has become, in fact, one of the curses of tha country and has developed another curse al most as malignant as himself, the tick, and between the two, tho inhabitants of Jamaica are in a sorry plight. A New Kefnse Destructor. An improved refuse destructor has Jus appeared In England. The re'nso is pa into the destructor, and it contains suffi cient refuse coal and otner combustible ma terial to keep the furnaces golnsr when onca lighted, no other fuel being necessary. The temperature of the furnaces rango from 403 to LC00a Fahrenheit, according to tho firing, and considerably less heat than the former is sufficient to effectually destroy any germs of diseaso and to consume the injurious products of combustion before they ara passed into tho open air. Patent fume cre mators are also provided throngh which all gases from the furnaces pass over a fire, tha temperature of which sometimes reaches 1.500 Fahrenheit, and they are thence con ducted into a chimney shaft 1C0 feet in height. The intense heat, which is estimated as equal to the development of 15 horse power, is utilized for driving Imachinery and generating electricity, as wellas in deal In" with the clinker or residum which is left after the burnins. Thi3 residum is cround up for concrete mortar, mado into paving blocks, or ued in the construction of streets, and a s'nitable boiler Is provided in the main flue or the opnaratns. According to present working, the amount of house refuse, street sweepings, eta, that can be disposed of by one machine in a year is S0.0CO loads. Each of the oighf cells of the destrnctorburn from ei"ht to nine tons per day of 24 hours. Tha worts consist of the eight-cell destructor, roofed over, and a Jones patent fume cre mator. An lncllneu npproacn ior tne carts is provided, so that they can be drawn up to discharge the refuse on the top of the fur naces, which Is 11 feet above tha cround The immense benefit to a community or a fewof such destructors, especially In cities on the lake or seaboard, where much or tha refuse which is dump-d into the water finds its way bae'e to the detriment of the publio health, is apparent. Ice Cream as a Steady Dl-t. The American woman who regards lea cream as ono of tbo Joys of life, has re cently acquired a powerful ally in her de votion to her toothsome iweakness in tha scientist. Henceforth all that is necessary to jnstify the family doctor In prescribing a steady diet of ice cream is to develop tha preliminary symptens of gastric ulcer. The discovery of the efficacy of the new treat ment was made quite accidentally. A patient, with whom all ordinary methods of dieting had failed, was allowed Ice cream at her orn request, and was told to taUe as much of it as she wished. Her severe synfp toms at once began to subside, and at tha end of two months, during which from ono to three quarts or tho ice cream were taton daily, she bad sained 21 pounds in weight. Solid nourishment was gradually added to her diet, and she made a complete recovery. The same treatment has been found highly beneficial where symptoms of perforat.on and local peritonitis liave appeared. It W believed that the ice cream is beneficial in such cases because of tho local ancesthetio action of the cold permittins digestion to goon without pain, while at the sametimo sufficient material for digestion andnourish ment Is supplied in the cream. Chess Match by Telephone. A novel use of the telephone, has been made in England on the occasion of a caess match between tho British Chess Club In London and tho Liverpool Chess Club. AU the moves were made by telephone, tho transmitter having a nickel-plated month piece, and being of the granular type, which, is specially fitted for long-distanca talk. Two sames wero plav cd simultaneously, tha first being lost by the Loudon club, and the second, which lasted more than seven hours, being a draw. A very amusing incident hap pened when London, at 7 p. h., proposed an adjournment of the game over the dinner hour, and board 2 at tho same time offered a draw. Both offers wero declined by Liver., pool with thanks, an answerwhich was ro- ceived with shouts of laualiter by tho mem bers of tho London club, who had mustered In great force for tho occasion. "Te heard you laugh," was the message sent at once bv tho Liverpool men, much to the amU3oment of the London audience. At the conclusion of the second game a return match was arranged for the follow in? Sat urday, with a time limit of 12 moves per hour, and a hearty cheer was given by Lon don and responded to by Livarpool. " - J&W&f&ftriJ&i.. JStiL ..
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers