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10
THE PZETSBTmO- DISPATCH. SUNDAY. JANUARY 10. 189a
General Albert Sidney Johnston, who had
fallen carlv in the first day's action, and
with a larger segregate loss of killed,
wounded and missing than Grant suffered,
The first reports iron the Shiloli battle
field createl profound alarm throughout the
entire cosntrv, aad the wildest exaggera
tions were spread in a floodtide of -vituperation
against Grant. It was freely charged
that he had neglected his command because
cf dissipation; that his army had been sur
prised and defeated, and that it was saved
irom annihilation only by the timely ar
rival of BuelL
The few of to-dar who can recall the in
flamed condition of public sentiment against
Grant caused by the disastrous first day's
battle nt Shiloh, will remember thst he was
denounced as incompetent for his command
by the public journals of all parties in the;
Jforth, and with almost entire unanimity by
Senators and Congressmen without regard to
political faith. Hot only in "Washington,
but throuchout the loyal States, public sen
timent seemed to crystallize into an earnest
demand for Grant's dismissal from the
army. His victories of Forts Henry and
Donelson, which had thrilled the country a
short time before, seemed to have been for
potten, and on everv side could be heard
the emphatic denunciation of Grant because
pf his alleged reckless exposure of the
urmy, while Buell was universally credited
with having saved it
Lincoln Pressed to Remove Grant.
It is needless to say that owing to the ex
cited condition of the public mind most ex
travagant reports gained readv credence,
end it was not ucommon to hear Grant de
nounced on the sireets and in all circles as
unfitted by both habit and temperament lor
en important military command. The
clamor lor Grant's removal, and often for
his summary dismissal, from the army
surged against the President from every
tide, and he was harshly criticised for not
viromptlv dismissing Grant, or at least le
lieving him from the comn.and of his army.
I can recall but a single Republican mem
ber of Corgres who boldly defended Grant
Rt that time. Elihu 13. AVashburr.e, whose
home was in Galena where Grant had lived
before he went into the army, stood nearly
or quite alone among the members of the
House, in vi holly justifying Grant at
Shiloh, while a large majority of the Re
jrablicans of Congress were outspoken and
earnest in condemning hiin.
I did not know Grant at that time; had
neither partiality nor prejudice to influence
ray judgment, nor had I any favpritc Gen
cral'who misht be benefited by Grant's
oi erthrow, but I shared the almost univer
sal conviction ot the President's friends that
he could not sustain himself if he attempted
to sustain Grant by continuing nim in, com
jnand. Looking solely to the interests of
Lincoln, feeling that the tide of popular re
sentment vias so overwhelming against Grant
that Lincoln must yield to it, I had repeated
conference with pome of his closest friends,
including Swett and Lamon, all of whom
agreed that Grant must be removed from his
command, and complained of Lincoln for
his manifest injustice to himself by his
failure to act promptly in Grant's re
moval. So much was Ilmprcssed with the import
ance ot prompt action on the part ot the
President atter spending a dev and evening
in "Washington, that I called on Lincoln at
11 o'clock at night and sat with him alone
until after 1 o'clock in the morning. He
was, ps usnal, worn out with the day's ex
acting duties, but he did not permit me to
depart i.ntil the Grant matter had been
gone over and many other things relating
to the war that he wished to discuss. 1
pressed upon him with all the carnesti.css I
could command the immediate removal of
Grant as an imperious necessity to sustain
Hmself. As was his custom, he said but
little, only enough to make me continue the
discussion until it was exhausted. He sat
before the open fire in the old Cabinet room,
most of the time with his feet up on the
ligh marble mantel, and exhibited unusual
distress at the complicated condition of
military affairs. He knew that I had no
ends to serve in urging Grant's removal be
Tond the smile desire tomake him be just to
iimself, and he listened patiently, occasion
ally throwing out terse suggestions to con
tinue the conversation until every phase of
the question had been exhausted.
I could form no judgment daring the con
Tersation as to what effect my arguments
iad upon him beyond the fact that he was
greatly distressed at this new complication.
When I had said everything that could be
raid from my standpoint, we relapsed into
silence. Lincoln remained silent for what
seemed to be a very long time. He then
gathered himrclf up in his chair and sajd in
a tone of earnestness that I shall never
forget: "I can't spare this man: he
iights."
Lincoln ":ood Alone In lh Eight.
That was all he said, but I knew that it
was enough, and that Grant was safe in Lin
coln's hands against his countless hosts of
enemies. The only one man in all the
nation who had the power to save Grant was
Lincoln, ard he had decided to do it He
vas not influenced by any personal partiality
for Grant for they Lad never met, but he
believed just what lie Eaid "I can't spare
this man; he fights." I knew enough ot
Lincoln to kuorf- that his decision was final,
tnd I knew enough ot him also to know that
be reasoned better on the subject than I did
and that it would be unwise to attempt to
resettle his determination.
The method that Lincoln adopted to
Teeue Grant from the ocium into wnich he
bad, to a very large degree, unjustly fallen,
vas one oi tne bravest ana most sagacious
acts of his administration. Hallcck was
commander of the military division consist
ing ot Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee and
possibly other States, but he remained at his
headquarters in St Louis until after the
battle of Shiloh. Lincoln's first cove was
to bring Hallcck to the field, where he at
once superseded Grant as commander of the
krmy. This relieved public apprehension
unu soon calmed the inflamed public senti
ment that was clamoring for Grant's dis
missal. Lincoln knew that it would require
time for the violent prejudice against Grant
to perish, and he calmly waitcduntil it was
sale for hiin to give some indication to the
country of his abiding faith in Grant as a
military commander.
tenacity of Lincoln' Methods.
Halleck reached the army at Pittsburg
Landing on the 11th of April, four days
after the battle had been lought, and, of
course, hi presence on the field at once
made him the commanding ofiicer. On the
30th of April, when the public mind was
wwnrnMv veil nrjnifAi! tn Hn WfiM
w --.- j .. jilbru.u ... A JlUhlbU bU I
trrant, an order was issued assigning him
"as peeond in cot-mand under the Major I
general commanding tne department.
This was an entirely needless order so far
cs mere military movements were involved,
and it is one of the very rare cases in the
history of the war in which such an order
was issued. Only under very special circum
stances could there be any occasion for an
order assignmz a particular General as sec
ond in command of an army. "While the
army is within reach of orders from the
commanding General there can be no sec
.ond in command. In case of his death or
inability to take active command in battle,
the military laws wisely regulate the suc
cession and only in extraordinary cases is it
departed from. In this case the purpose
of it was obvious. Lincoln had quieted
public apprehension by bringing General
Halleck to the field 'and thus relieving
Grant of command without the sem
blance of reproach; but he desired to ira
Eress the country with his absolute faith in
rant as a military leader, and it was for
that reason that the special order was issued
assigning him as second in command of Hal
leck 's army. The effect of that order was
precisely what Lincoln anticipated. It'
taade all loyal men take pause and abate or
yield their iolent hostility to Grant in
obedience to the publicly expressed confi
dence of Lincoln. The country knew that
Lincoln best understood Grant, and from
the date of Grant's assignment as second in
command of the army the prejudice against
him rapidly perished. It was thus that
Lincoln sa ed Grant from one of the most
violent surges of popular prejudice that
was ever created against any of our leading
Gcnerals,and on thellthof.Tulv.whenitwas
entirely bafe to restore Grant tobis command
for active operations, Halleck was ordered
to Washington by Lincoln and assigned as
Commander-in-Chief.
Grant Never Knew the Trntlu
Grant was one of the most silent of men,
and most of all reluctant to talk abont him
self, while Lincoln was equally reserved in
all things pertaining to himself personally.
Especially where he had Tendered any ser
vice to another he would be quite unlikely
to speak of it himself. Judginsr the two
men from their chief and very marked char
acteristics, it is entirely reasonable to as
sume that what Lincoln did to save Grant
from disgrace was never discussed or re
ferred to by them in personal conversation.
Grant never, in any way known to the pub
lic, recognized any such obligation to
Lincoln, and no utterance ever came from
him indicating anything more than the re
spect for Lincoln due irom a General to his
chief.
I never heard Lincoln allude to the sub
ject bat once and that was under very pain
lul circumstances and when the subject was
forced upon him by myself. I found bim
exhibiting great solicitude as to the battle
m Pennsylvania. He knew that his elec
tion was in no sense doubtful, but he knew
that it he lost Xew York and with it Penn
sylvania on the home tote, the moral effect
of his triumph would be broken and his
pow er to prosecute the war and make peace
would be greatly impaired. His usually
sad face was deeply shadowed with sorrow
when I told him that I saw no reasonable
prospect of carrying Pennsylvania on the
home vote, although we had about held our
own in the hand-to-hand conflict through
which we were passing. "Well, what is to
be done?" was Lincoln's inquiry after the
whole situation had been presented to him.
I answered that the solution of the problem
was a very simple and easy one; that Grant
was idle in front of Petersburg; that Sher
idan had won all -possible victories in the
Valley, and that if 5,000 Pennsylvania sol
diers could be furloughed honre from each
army, the election could be carried without
doubt
A Memorable Conversation,
Lincoln's face brightened instantly at the
suggestion, and I saw that he was quite
ready to execute it I said to him, "Of
course you can trust Grant to make the
suggestion to him to furlough 5,000 Penn
sylvania troops for two weeks?" To my
surprise Lincoln made no answer, and the
bright face of a few moments before was
instantly shadowed again. I was much dis
concerted, as I supposed that Grant was the
one man to whom Lincoln could turn with
absolute confidence as his lriend. I then
said with some earnestness: "Surely, Mr.
President, you can trast Grant with a con
fidential suggestion to furlough Pennsyl
vania troops'.'" Lincoln remained Bilent
and evidently distressed at the proposition
I was pressing upon him. After a few
moments, and speaking with emphasis, I
said: "It can't be possible that Grant is not
v our friend; he can't be such an ingratc?"
Lincoln hesitated for some time and then
answered in these words: "Well, Mc
Clure, I have no reason to believe that
Grant prefers mv election to that of lie
Clellan." I must confess that my response to this to
me appalling statement trom Lincoln was
somewhat violative of the rules of courteous
conversation. I reminded Lincoln how, in
that room, when I had appealed to him' to
respect the almost universal demand of the
country for Grant's dismissal, he had with
stood the shock alone and interposed his
omnipotence to save Grant when he was a
personal stranger. Lincoln, as usual, an
swered intemperance of speech by silence.
, Jleailo and Mirridan All Tti;lit.
I then said to him, "General Meade is a
soldier and a gentleman; he is the com
mander of the Army of the Potomac; send
an order to him from yourself to furlough
5,000 Pennsylvania soldiers home for two
weeks, and" send that order with some
trusted friend irom the "War Department,
with the suggestion to Meade that your
agent be permitted to bring the order Lack
with him." Altera little reflection Lin
coln answered, "I reckon that can be done."
I then said, "What about Sheridan?" At
once his sad face brightened up, like the
noonday sun suddenly emerging from a dark
cloud, as he answered: "Oh, Phil Sheridan;
he's all right ' Before I left his room that
night he had made his arrangements to send
messengers to 3Ieade and Sheridan. The
order was sent to Meade and he permitted it
to be returned to the President, but Sheri
dan needed no order. The 10,000 Pennsyl
vania soldiers were furloughed during the
week, and Lincoln carried Pennsylvania oa
the home vote by 5,712 majority, to which
the army vote added 14,063 majority. It
was thus that Lincoln made his triumph in
Pennsylvania a complete victory without
what was then commonly called the "bay
onet vote," and Lincoln carried New York
by 6,719, ieaving McClellan the worst de
feated candidate ever nominated by any of
the great political parties of the country.
I left Lincoln Jully convinced that Grant
was an ingratc, and Lircoln certainly knew
Jhat he permitted that conviction to be
formed in my mind. He did not in any way
quality his remark about Grant, although it
was his custom when he lelt compelled to
disparage anyone, to present some charita
ble explanation of the conduct complained
of. The fact that he refused to send his re
quest to Grant, while he was willing to
send it to Meade, proved that he was, for
Eome reason, disappointed in Grant s fidel
ity to him, and the enthusiasm with which
he spoke of Sheridan proved how highly he
valued the particular quality that he" did
not credit to Grant
Lincoln Was Evidently Mistaken.
I confess that the conviction formed that
day made the name of Grant leave a bad
taste in my moutli for many years. I
heartily supported his nomination for the
Presidency in 1858, and was chairman of
the Pennsylvania delegation in the Chicago
Convention that nominated him, because I
believed that the chivalrous victor of Ap
pomattox would command the highest
measure of confidence from the Southern
people and hasten the restoration of peace
end'business prosperity; but Grant and his
immediate friends knew that while I
earnestly supported his nomination and
election, I did not have the confidence in
him that he generally commanded. I now
believe that Lincoln was mistaken in his
distrust of Grant It was not until after
Grant's retirement from thePrcsidcncy that
I ever hid au opportunity to hear his ex
planation. I remember that on election
night, when Grant was advised at his head
quarters in front of Petersburg of Lincoln's
election lie sent Lincoln a dispatch heartily
congratulating him upon his triumph. I
never heard Lincoln allude to the subject
again, and I am therefore ignorant as to
whether his belief was ever changed.
I never visited the "White House during
Grant's Presidency, although twice specially
invited to do so to consider what I regarded
as an impracticable or impossible political
suggestion, but I accidentally met him soon
attcrhis retiiementin the Continental Hotel
in company with Mr. Childs. Grant came
forward in the most cordial manner and
thanked me for an editorial I had written
on the day that ended his Preidental term,
in which I had spoken of him and his
achievements as history would record them,
regardless of the political passions and
prejudices of the day.
Why Grant "Was Silent In 'G4.
The meeting ended with an invitation to
Innch with him that afternoon at Mr. Dnex
cl's office, which I accepted. There were
present only Mr. Drcxel, Mr. Childs and
one or two others connected with the
Drexel house. After luncheon all dis
persed but "Grant, Childs and myself, and
we had a most delightful conversation
with Grant ior an hour or more.
I was anxious to learn, if possible, what
Grant's feelings were in the Presidcntal
battle of 18(51. "Without intimating to him
that Lincoln had distrusted his fidelity, I
reminded him that he maintained such a
silent attitude that some of Lincoln's closest
friends were at a loss to know his preference
in the contest He answered very promptly
that he supposed none could have doubted
his earnest desire for the re-election of Lin
coln, although he studiously avoided any
expression, public or private, on the sub
ject He said: "It would have been ob
viously unbecoming on my part to have
given a public expression against a General
whom I had succeeded as Commander in
Chief of the army."
1 do not doubt that Grant declared the
exact truth in that statement' Naturally
silent and naturally adverse to any expres
sions w hatever on politics, he felt that he
could not with propriety even appear to as-
sail a man who-had failed and fallen in the J
position that he bad won and maintained.
Thus for 12 years I cherished a personal
prejudice against Grant because of nis sup
posed want of fidelity to Lincoln that I
now believe to have been wholly unjust
Delightful in Conversation.
One revelation to me at the meeting with
Grant at the Drexel lunch was his remarka
ble and attractive powersirs a conversation
alist He discussed politics during his
term and the politics of the future, public
men and public events with great freedom,
and in a manner so genial as to amaze me.
I had shared the common impression that
Grant was reticent, even in the circle of his
closest friends, hut the three hours spent
with him on that day proved that, when he
chose, he could be one of the most enter
taining of men in the social circle.
It is"evident that from the day that Grant
became Comtnandpr-in-Chiei, Lincoln had
abiding faith in him. He yielded implicitly
to Grant's judgment in all matters purely
military; Grant, like all great soldiers,
yielded as implicitly to Lincoln in all mat
ters relating to civil administration, and the
annals of history will testify that Grant ful
filled every expectation of the Government
and of thelnval peopleof the nation as mili
tary chieftain. Many have criticised some
of his military movements, such as his as
saults nt Vicksburg and Cold Harbor and
his battles in the "Wilderness, but he met
the great need of the country, and was as
heroic in peace as in war.
When President Johnson attempted to
punish Lee for treason. Grant not only ad
monished the President, but notified him
that "the ofucers and men paroled at Appo
mattox Court House, and since upon the
same terms -given to Lee, cannot be tried
foi treason so long as they preserve the
terms of their parole," and he went so far
as todeclare that he would resign his com
mission if the Government violated the
faith he had given when Lee surrendered to
him. lie fought more battles and won
more victories than any General of any
country during his generation, and when on
the 23d of July, 1885, Ulysses S. Grant met
the inexorable messenger, the Great Captain
of the Age passed from time to eternity.
A K. McCluhe.
GOSSIP OF THE GUARDS.
Adjutast Johk Ilrnn uiD.of the Fourteenth
Regiment, is in New Yoik City. lie expects
to be absent about ten days.
ColoxtlXormut II. Smith, of the Eight
eenth Kegiirent, spent the past week in
riiilndelpliu on a business flip.
JLsjob J. Coxuad Kat, or the Eighteenth
Hegiment, Is one of the conspicuous figures
at tho riding school in the East End every
baturday evenin?. The Major is quite -i
horseman, and when mounted on his black
chirgerhe presents a striking military ap
pearance. CoairAifT A, of the Fourteenth Regiment
has decided to give a large ball during the
second week in February. The committee
in charge of the affair is Lieutenant J. Fer
guson, Serceant Tcnipleton, Corporals
Everswan and Williams and Private
Cunningham.
LiccTEXAjrr Parke, of the "econd Cavalry,
spent a few hours In the city last Friday.
Sir. Parke was on his way to Washington
from the Pine Ridge Indian Acency in
Dakota, and reports tho cond.tion of affairs
among the Indians as decidedly unsettled,
with strom: probabilities or a repetition of
the scenes of one ycir azo.
The members of the. Washington Infantry
hnye been measured for new uniforms,
which they expect to wear for the first tlmo
on Decoration D iy. The new outfit of rvor
couts will be in shape for use in the parade on
the 221of February. The Infantry is now one
of the hest dressed organizations In the
Stite outside of Philadelphia, and Captain
Shannon does nor propose to fall short of
his leputation in that line.
Much in tcrost Is being shown in National
Guaid circles ovcrthe prospective fatoo'
the bill introduced in Congress by Senator
Dolph. which provides for the increase of
the Xnfionil Gn.ird appi opnation from
$400,000 to $1,000,000. Should tho incieasego
through it would give Pennsylvania nearly
$70,000 in the way of new equipments, much
of w Inch, howevor, would bo devoted to the
bittenes, who are badly in need of new
pieces.
Is special orders fiomthe Adjutant Gen
eral's offlce thedischmgp of Captain Will
iam II. Wassell, of theEih'ecnth Regiment,
Is noted on account of removal of residence.
This places a yacnney in Company IS, which
has been desired for several months, ?s tho
affairs in the company w ere rapidly getting
mixed up, due to the failure of Captain, now
Lieutenant Was-ell. TJ. S. A., lo fornard his
resignation. Mr. Doak, the Tirst Lieuten
ant, will undoubtedly be elected to the va
cancy should he desire to take it.
JlAJor. Gexerm. SifowuE-f last week ap
pointed Major Austin e Cm tin, Commissary
of Subsistence of the Second Ilrisade, to be
Division Commissary or Subsistence, with
the rank of Licnleniiit Colonel, vice Pattnn,
resigned. Tho promotion is certainly a most
deserved one. as 31 ijor Curtin, in his many
j ears connection with the guard and especi
ally on the staff of General Wiley, won a
reputation ns beinc most efflc.ent and
courteous. General fenowden also notes tho
appointment of nevemlnew names on the
nou-commissioned staff.
The Court of Inquiry convened last Mon
day and Tuesday at the headquarters of tho
Eighteenth Rcsiment for the purpose of
inquiring into tne case of Adjutant Charles
Reese most successfully brought out all the
details of the affair, and the report of
Colonel Case isawaitcd with interest, Piou
ably one or the most peculiar things con
nected with the sittings of the couit was
tho testimony of Colonel Krumbnaar.of the
division ftaff. The testimony bioushtout
in tho sitting oT the court last Mondny after
noon would pinve tnot valuable in a court
inaitial should Mr. Reese desire to push it.
Major Thank Patterson, the Brigade In
spector, was in the city yesterday on busi
ness. Ho is prep.irimr for the annual m
snections of the organizations of the Second
Brigade in January, February and March,
but as yet has not received instructions as
to the OTnct dates on which they will take
place. These will niobably be the last In
spections Major Patterson will hold under
the ptesent stem of tictics, as there is
scarcelj- any doubt but that the new reculn
tions will slioitly be adopted in this State;
m fact, many of the organizations are al
ready at workunofflciallv instructing their
men according to the new sjstem.
The commission of Brigadier General John
A. Wiley as commandant of the Second
Brigade expires tho latter pait of this
month. General Wiley will bo reappointed
by Governor rattison at once, for, although
a difference in politics exists, it will not bo
considered in the present case, ns General
Wiley has proven himself too efficient and
valuable an officer to bo retired at piesent.
As to tho makeup of the staff ot General
Wilej for the ensnins term of four years, it
is probable that icveral new names will be
found on the li3t At present a vacancy ex
ists in the Commissary Department, caused
by the promotion or Major Rastoti last week.
Inspector Frank Patterson and Ordnance
Officer Samuel ILizIot have at different
times signified their desire to retire from
mditsrj- lifo at the end of their piesent com
missions, as has al-o Captain Murdock, an
aide on tho General's staff, so it is possible
almost a complete chanso may take place in
the Second Bilgade staff.
New Cure for Anthrax.
The account of n singular discovery comos
from Australia. Among those who essayed
to rid the country of tho pestifeious rabbits
was Dr. Lenoir, a student of Tasteur, who
proposed to effect tho work of extirpation
by sprinkling the lands infested with a
liquid charged with tho fatal bacillus an
thracis, the miciobe of the anthrax. Tho
conies were found to be much too tough to
bewpieciably affected, but an unexpected
result followed the experiment Formally
years the Australian sheep laiseis liuve
Buffered severe losses from anthrax, which,
at times, has carried of as much as 30 per
cent of their flocks. What was intended to
be death to the rabbits turned out to be life
to tho sheen, the Inoculation of which bv
tho broadcast bacteria caused a marked
diminution in the losses by anthrax. The
sprinkllns of the charged fluid soon came to
be adopted for the purpose for which it m as
found to be .so beneficial, and its success has
been so great that a labrators- of bacter
iology has been establish ed at Sydney, tho
main purpose of which is tho inoculation oi
the sheep throughout the country.
t hat Mrs. H&rrlson Beads.
Send 25 cents to the Ladies' Home Maga
zine, 1025 Arch street, Philadelphia, Pa.,
and they will send the magazine for a whole
year anil a rebate premium worth nearly 52.
It is the most wonderful offer vet
GOOD servants and help will answer your
word column. "
LIES IN
"Badly Managed Competition a Con
stant Source of Temptation.
AK ILLUSTBATI0N Iff, HATCHETS.
Horal Coda Put Out by a Tnion of Em:
plovers for Its Own Good.,
EFFECT OF UXCIIEISTIAN METHODS
rWWTTEN FOB THE DISPATCH.1
PAPEK NO. 3.
I began last week a discussion of the pos
sibility of doing business on Christian
principles. This discussion started from a
letter of inquiry that I wrote to certain
business men of Pittsburg. Last week I
quoted at length frota some of the answers
to that letter. The answers were curionsly
different Some said yes, and some no.
Various interviews last week with business
men interested in the discussion revealed
the same diversity. One working man has
written me a long and suggestive letter of
which I may make use. He says no.
I have read with interest a code of ethics,
which one of my correspondents gave me in
place of a written answer to my letter.
This document is the report of a committee
appointed by a union of employers of a
certain kind of labor. It was compiled
from papers read at meetincs of local
branches of this union held in most of the
large cities of this country. It is valuable
as embodying the judgment of thousands of
experienced men as to the best methods of
conducting business. This code of ethics
reads like a commentary on the Sermon on
the ilount.
A Code to Be Commendrd.
"We mnst use every effort," so the code
begins, "to develop moral and intellectual
manhood. "We should firmly resolve to
test every transaction by the standard of
truth and justice. Take advantage of no
man's ignorance. See that employes are
truthful and straightforward, and do not
misrepresent nor overcharge the confiding.
we must ue as nonoraDie in every partic
ular as we would have our competitors.
"When a young competitor enters the
ranks, welcome him as a new soldier to the
field, and help him to any information and
assistance which will enable him to over
come tho difficulties we had so much diffi
culty in surmounting. It should be a duty
nud a pleasure to impart to our less exper
ienced competitors the knowledge we
possess, so long ns we are satisfied that the
information generously given ill be hon
orably used. In the conduct of our. estab
lishments it should be our constant endeavor
to elevate the moral character of our work
men who arc engaged with us. "While it
should be our firm and unalterable deter
mination not to be dictated to by labor
organizations when their demands are
unfair, or which substitute the will of a
prejudiced majority for the conservative
teachings of common sense and justice, we
should be slow to condem the action taken
by our employes, as it is possible that the
influences controlling them may be more
than they can resist
Not for Currying rnblio TaTor.
This cede of ethics, it should be remem
bered, was not set forth lor the information
of the public to gain good opinion, but pre
pared and circulated among this conmany
of employers as a private statement of the
ideals in which they all agreed for the
transaction of their business. I cannot
imagine anything more Christian.
U ev erthcless, this code begins with a
statement of the evils of competition. Side
bv side with the beautiful ideal is set a
glimpse of most unsatisfactory present con
ditions. We arc taught the nine evils, the
nine deadly sins, that accompany competi
tion in the industrial world as at present
constituted. The first is "moral weakness,"
the bidder not having the courage to ask an
honest price for his work. The second is
"mortification and chagrin," mortification
vi hen we miss the order, and chagrin when
upon getting it we find we must lose money
on it The third evil is "envy, jealousy
and hatred of our neighbor." The fourth
evil is "inadequate compensation for all
kinds of work." The fifth is "corruption
and demoralization of the customer," who
plays us one against another, to our loss
financial, and to his loss spirituak
The Ideal and tho Kent
Sixthly, there comes a constant "tempta
tion to dishonesty;" we get the order on a
low bid and put in poor worklo keep on
the right side of the books. The seventh
evil is "loss of reputation," the poor work
coming to the light "Loss of self-respect"
is eighth in the list of competitive bidding.
Here is what the code says under that head:
"For, although the ignorance of the cus
tomer may enable the sharp bidder to im
pose upon him goods or work which are not
up to the standard agreed upon, the bidder,
who does knowbetter,cannot quiet the still,
small voice of conscience, which is continu
ally reminding him that, although he bears
a fair reputation in the community, he
knons himself to be like a whited
sepulchre." Finally, the whole bad busi
ness winds up in "poor credit, bankruptcy
and ruin."
It appears, then, that there is some dis
tance between the ideal and the real; be
tween present conditions, and, at least in
that particular branch of industry, and the
conditions as the best men in the business
would like them to be. For this code Uears
a veiv recent date; and my friend who
called my attention to it inford me that
before its introduction hereTO Pittsburg
the competing representatives of that kind
of labor were in a bitter and unceasing
wrangle, trying every day (commercially)
to cut each other's throats.
Possible to Do Right nnd Sncceed.
Another business man, who did me the
favor to show me in detail the entire work
ing of his great establishment, told me that
the endeavor to keep up such a local union
ot the representativ es of his branch of trade
here in this city had proved a failure. Ac
cordingly, answering my own first question
from the information which I have gath
ered, it is perfectly possible for the head of
any business to conduct it in an absolutely
Christian way and to be successful. The
most Christian men I know are successful
business men. And yet a great deal of
business "might be a great deal more Chris
tian than it is. The world of business is
not the kingdom of heaven yet.
Probably there is more temptation to-day
to set sin between buying and selling than
ever before, on account of this fierce, un
ceasing and unsparing competition. It is
competition that makes a man take in more
orders than he can fill, and make promises
that he cannot keep. He tells you that it
will be done on Tuesday, and he knows that
it will not be finished under two weeks.
That is a lie. And when you go to find the
reason for the delay, he gives a reason,
probably a lying reason. This is a small
matter;yet a lie is never a small matter.
Practical Result of Competition.
It is competition that persuades men to
use false weights and measures. It is com
petition that induces men to adulterate
loods and medicines and so to poison people
for money; half of the drunken men are
not drunk, they are drugged, poisoned, for
the sake of money. This whole vast liquor
business, which opens on every corner a
door into the infernal regions, which reaches
out into the homes ot the nation like the
tenth plague of Egypt, "laying low the first
born, which causes more unspeakable mis
ery than any other traffic under the sun,
would bo abandoned to-morrow if there
were no money in it
It is competition, and the popular eager
ness to get things cheap, that puts down
prices, say of clothing, Ion er, and lower, and
lower, till you are amazed. Who loses, do
you think, by the-o low prices which we
account gain for ns? The manager of the
business? Nevpr. It Is thepoorseamstress,
sewinc and starving in the tenement house.
i, making calico wi appers at $1 60 a dozen, and
neckties at !5 cents a dozen, and flannel
shirts at 20 cents a dozen. The great ma
jority of the "bai gains" whioh people run
after mean some sort of unchristian prin
ciple in business.
The Temptations of Competition.
The nine deadly sins of competitive bid
ding make a strong illustration of the pies
ence of unchiistlan eloments in business.
Tho fundamental principlo of Chiistianity
as one of my coi respondents said, is that
we should lovo our nehrhbor as oursolf, and
that whole matter of secret compe tltivo bid
ding, as it has been explained to me, with its
principle of different pTices to different
people, i3 a constant and persuasivu invita
tion into iniquity. Tho buyer makes use of
it to beat down the seller, to keep him in the
daikus to tho real conditions of tho bargain
and to practice extortion upon him. I have
had commoicinl travelers tell nin thnt they
could not possibly join the Christian Chinch
because they could not live in their business
according to its spirit.
Now I know what that means. No man
has a Kreater provocation to distrust the
Christianity or the business world than the
commeicial traveler. On the other linnd,
this evil of secret competitive biildmjr
tempts the seller to furnish goods of lower
quality than the specifications. These bids
which I liavo in mind tire not those tint mo
made for the erection of buildings or of pub
lic works; they are the every day trans ic-
tions between the buyer of every commer
cial establishmentand the men who come to
get hisoideis.
Evil or thotovo oT Money.
And here comes in my second question.
Agreeing that the ideals, say of a majority
or business men, are Christians, but confess
ing that there nre nevertheless unchristian
practices in business: what are these un
christian practices? This question Is asked
a;ain and again, trying to get definite ex
amples. I got n cood many.
"As a nail stickcth last between the Join
ings of the stones, so doth sin stick close be
tween buying nnd selling." Thatis astiue
to-day as it was when it was written. Buy
ing and selling ni e transactions for the mak
ing of monej. Behind them lies the lovo or
money. And the lovo or money, tho wise
Scuptures tell us, is the feitile soil In which
glows all manner of iniquity. Itis astound
ing, it is inci edible, what men will do for
love of money.
People think sometimes, I suppose, that
we have no further need in these days for
tho second commandment of the ten. Wo
do not woi ship graven imaies. 13 that true?
Did any pagan woiship his fetish over mote
rovcicntly, pi-ay to it overmore confidently,
put more trust in Its power to neio or iiarm,
than some men worship, implore and be
lieve in the omnipotence of tho minted dol
lar? No man who mpkesoven nn honest busi
ness the who'o of hisllle, so thatevon Sun
day is only a chance to eot rested ior the
sake of woiking haider Monday morning,
and the heaping up of treasure do'in here,
leaves no time for the gathonng ot treasure
up above, nnd tho man's heart, his real
heait, isall of it in his business, where his
treasure is no such man can possibly be
said, except in a superficial way, to be con
ducting his business on principles that
would be approved by tho Lord Jesus
Christ.
Effect of Unchristian Business.
When we think, however, of unchristian
practices in business we think m6ro readily
of such business methods as harm, not so
much the soul of the man of business as
tho interests of tho men with whom he
deals. Unloi tunately there seem to be peo
plo in this woild who care more for
money than they do for men, who
will fob their own bi others, so it bo
within the letter of tho law, and
look on at their p lin, their privation, their
poveity, with a. sense of absolutely internal
satisfaction, lejoicmgin the addition of so
many dollars to tncir store, 'lheto aiomen
who actually oppose themselves to the up
lifting or their brother men, and who having
the power, do persistently keep down w hole
multitudes or men, and women, and littlo
chlldien in conditions unspeakably degrad
ing. I mean such men, for example, to go
away a sate distnnce, as those two in Lon
don who own all that horrible district of
Wlntcchapel, and are responsible for the
black shadow of that hideous corner of
darkest England, and refuse to sell at a fair
piicoto buieiswho would transform that
place or torment into something neaier par
adise. I mean the tenement house owners
in Now York who have to be compelled by
tho courts to put in decent plumbing, and
who even then appeal from court to court,
putting it off us long as they can, letting
their tenants in the meantime die liko flies.
T TTiPATi the nivner of nnv tenement houso
'anywhere I thank. God I know of none such
in Pittsburg wheio lor the snKe ot money
ourbiotheisandour sisteis ai e suffered to
livo in conditions that inevitably poison
body and soul.
Something Is Awfully Wrong.
Somehow there seems to be a great deal of
trouble in tho world of industry. I havo
read about it at considerable length, and for
a good while, and on both sides. I confess
that I do not know enouh about Jit jet to
give advice. Evidently there is something
wrong, uviueniiy wicre is suiuemiuy ie:ir
fully unclmstian somewhere in a business
vrorld m which a common cab-hoise is bet
ter cat ed for Hum a common man. Some
thing is tho matter wheie men want woik
nud theio is no work for them to do, and for
want of work they starv o.
Something is out or joint where men work,
and work, i.nd work, and work, from tho
daik of morning to tho daik of evening, and
havo absolutely nothing in their lives but
work; and yet, with all that, have haully
enough to keep the lite in their bodies. And
the wnolo family has to work, the mother
and the little children, andjot with all that,
starvation sits ev ery day beside tho door.
It seems to me that theie must oe something
unchristian somewhoie between buyininnd
selling, when a man sells his whole life and
the lives of all his ramilv foi a mere tenth or
twentieth pait of what is daily wasted in
many a wealthy home.
A rroblcm for Every Man to Study.
And I believe that it is the duty of every
man who is an employer of labor to study
this problem as ho studies his account book
or his prayer book, and try to And the Chris
tian solution. The art of cathoring a great
tortuno has been discovered. Now wo need
to know the ait of perfectly just and Chiis
tian distubution.
1 am more concerned, however, in this
sermon with the unchristian practices of
ordinary business. And hero I find, as al
most eveiywheie else in modern lite, that
tho lovo of money issnarpenedby keen com
petition. Whether a man lo es money or
not, he hates poveity. Eveiy man in a small
business tears to be poor. Business is a race.
And in this lace it is eveiy iniin for himself.
Take this as me example: There is a great
deal of steel made heio in Pittsbuig. borne
or it is made by the Bessemer process, some
by the open-hearth pioeess, some by tne cru
cible process. Very t.iuch the same stock is
used In all these piocesses, bnt the quality
of tho result is very different. Now we are
manufactuieis, cay of hatchet. And wo
make two grades of hatchet5, one out of
open-hearth, and tho better out of ciuclblo
stcek Theso hatchets looK exactly alike.
A Concrete Case of Stealing.
They look as much alike as iron rails look
like steel rails. And iron "mils, I am in
formed, look so much like steel lails that, in
the days before the inter-State commerce
law made It a criminal offense, reputable
merchants, men or standing in tho commu
nity, billed steel as iron, and so got n lower
fieOlitpuco fioni the railioad company;
nnd by telling an absolute lie, stole just so
much money from tho railroad corporation.
Why, IinUhtas well go i-ito abookstoie
and put a $2 50 book intomvoveicoat pocket
nnd tell tho cleikl had taken a $2 0jboo!c.
That false bidding was nothing but a com
bination of lyme and stealing
But to leturn to the hatchets. The open
licai th hatchet look3 so much like the better
ciucible hatchot, that we maik the better
one with a hotter handle. Now comes a
customer who wants to buy a large bill of
hatchets, lie has bought from us for several
years and we want to keep his custom. But
lie informs us that ho has a lower bid than
tho one we gave him last year. Someono
elso will sell cheaper. What shall we do?
After a littlo flguiinc, we accept the bid.
But the customer goes away and wo find
th it the crucible hatchets that ho expects
will be an actual loss to us. And sip mo
Suietly niako open-hearth hatchots and lit
lem out with crucible-hatchet handles.
A Very Common Form of Lying.
We ship the goods, and tho customer pro
sontly discovers that the quality this year is
not so good as it waslast year. He writes to
find out why. Did you make thoso hatchets
out or the same stock as I hud be foi c?
Immceiately we write back, "My dear sir,
we gave vou the suue material both yeais."
Yes: perhaps the same material; but not put
tlirorgh tho same process. And so the uian
is first robbed and then lied to.
All this is the result of competition badly
managed. One of my correspondents set
down forme along list of commeicmlliei
tn.it had come under his own obseivation.
And all of theso were misrepresentations
made under tho stress of competition.
Business, in some of its departments, seems
to bo a ioiiKh-and-tumble fight for custom.
One man told me that ho nev er went to bed
at night without being afiaid th it some
competitor of hi3 would steal his business
bcliue morning. Competition beats down
prices bolow tho honest value of tho aitlclc,
and the low price induces it low quality, and
all sorts of sharp practices.
After all, it is not so easy to be a successful
business man and a good Christian at the
same time. I will have more to say upon
this matter next bunday. Geobqi: Hodqxs.
THE MUSIC WORLD.
Suggestions as to the Carnegie Build
ing at Schenley Tark.
THE HALL SHOULD SEAT 3,000.
A Plan to Give tho Teople of the
En J an Organization.
last
NEWS NOTES FROM YAEI0U3 S0UECES
Eenewed interest in the music hall to be
included in the Carnegie Library building
at Schenley Park is naturally aroused by
the commission's finally choosing an archi
tect and his general design. Also, it may
be said, by the failure of the latest attempt
to turn other buildings of various kinds
into music halls on occasion. How differ
ent those Allegheny concerts would have
been in the right kind of a hall 1
One quality of the right kind of a hall
not stopping to talk about acoustics, which
must be cared for first, of course is to ac
commodate the people. Not merely give
them room 'to get in. Accommodate
them; suit their wants and their
pockets. Eich people will pay
more to be seated in fashionable
prominence; pior people will pay as little
as possible, and, irrespectiverof p'rice,would
rather not be seated prominently, in the
midst of a stylishly dressed throng. Be
tween the extremes lie other grades of pay
ing capacity nnd personal preference.
But they all have one thing in common.
They all like music. That capacity, thank
heaven, cannot be cornered or monopolized.
And yet its higher phases of enjoyment
and exercise can bs, and in this commnnity
constantly have been, made impossible or
inconvenient to the less wealthy classes.
The new music hall ought to remedy this.
It is the key to unlock the musical future
to the masses. In every community where
the right kind of facilities have been pro
vided, all classes can and do share the en
joyment and benefits of the very best mu
sical performances. So it will be here if
the new hall, now to be built for the f utnre,
has large enough capacity (at least 3,000
seats, of which, say, 1,000 should be so sit
uated as best to suit the people payirg 25c
to 50c apiece), and is so arranged with tiers
of boxes and balconies as to give cats of
every grade of prominence and expense, and
thereby bringing the music equally within
reach of all tastts and pocket books.
Building up in tiers this way presents
several distinct advantages over the plan of
spreading out on the ground floor. It is
possible thus to bring more people within
the same distance from the stage, and,
moreover, those in the higher tiers can
hear much better than if at the rear of the
lower floor. It lacilitates exit at the
close and, also, in intermissions. (If our
people only knew the unspeakable relief
and refreshment of going out, ladies and
gentlemen alike, for a promenade in the
foyer between acts! It thus makes easier
the exchange of social courtesies for those
who wish it, while at the sametime it lets
those who do not wish it keep more to them
selves. And, if the house be only partly
filled, the empty scats will be either wholly
out of sight or much less obtrusive and de-
nressine'.
It is to be hoped that the building
adopted will admit of such arrangement of
the interior of the music hall. And that it
will be large enough. Not one seat' less
than 3,000. Tor every decrease in number
means so much more apiece; and, as every
merchant knows full well, every upward
step of prices contracts the area of patron
age in startling ratio.
And this hall will inevitably enlarge the
area of patronage by the mere fact of its
existence, so that it must provide for 'a
wholly unprecedented increase in the concert-going
ranks.
Of course considerations of cost and archi
tectural feasibility may prevent the realiza
tion of these ideas, but it should be borne
in mind bv the commission that to lay the
great musical opportunities of the future
wide open to the great mass' of the people,
is one of the most deserving of the objects
they are striving to attain.
In the Cnlturcd Exit End.
The following communication, received
by the editor of this department, presents a
subject well worthy the consideration of
the music-loving people of the East End:
Dear Sin The East End is now way back
In music. Allegheny and the city havo their
representative clubs, but the East End has
none. I therefore intend to organize a club
similar to the Mozait and Allegheny clubs,
and follow a line of work not to interfere
with those mentioned to anyex'ent. I in
tend to bring ont the more modern works,
and not to forget tho much neglected
American composer. I intend to tako
chaigeofthe orginization sratis and do my
best. Will you kindly assist, through your
columns, in agitating n meeting for organiza
tion, to bo held in Kosser & Laud's photo
graph studio, Frankstown nvenue.EistEnd,
opposite Citizens' cable car station, on
Thuisday, January 21, next, and obl'ge.
Tours truly,
JosuhC Breil.
The object proposed by Mr. Breil is cer
tainly a good one. That section of the
city ought to do something of and for itself
musically. There are charming lines of
composition for smaller choruses to study,
and the lack of their cultivation here has
often been deplored. The proposed chorus
would have a clear field in exploiting those
departments.
.
Literature for the Art Lovers.
Among the exchanges has arrived the
third issue of Mr. W. S. B. Mathews' new
monthly magazine, "Music," which puts a
final quietus to the impertinently perti
nacious query, Can any good come out of
Chicago?
The newcomer is suitably and delight
fully artistic in its get-up, with the heavy
paper, wide margins and cle3r-cut portraits
Its subject matter, however, is the strong
point. Articles of broad philosophy, pro
found emotional content and practical sci
entific value give the number a solid and
dignified quality, which is relieved and
brightened by a sprishtly, continued ro
mance and a variety of lighter, descriptive
pieces, all worthy of tbeir surround
ings. Details cannot be given, but
Pittsbnrgers will like to ponder
the richly suggestive "Impressions of
Beethoven's Sonatas" by Frederick II.
.Clark, well rememlered here, and will be
interested to hear that Emil Liebling in a
careful, though summary survey of the
world's living composers names a Pittsburg
lad among the half-dozen native Americans,
saving: "Among the song writers of the
present day, Kevin is particularly attrac
tive." Mr. Mathews has struck out in a new and
most promising path. It. this gait be kept
up he will lead us where it is worth while
to lollow.
A Clever Dit of Criticism.
A very quaint and cunning bit of music
criticism was it that Mr. Philip Hale, of
Boston,' wrote of a recent song recital by
Mrs. Julie Moran "Wyman, whose 'pro
gramme, by the way, included two songs by
Mr. Nevin, one ot them, "Une Vielle Chan
son," being new. Mr. Hale said:
This programme was mado up chiefly of
Fioneh son's, and it is the task of the
leviewei-tospcakorMrs. Wyman'a singing.
They order this mattei better in Franco and
If this lecital hud been given in Paris, a
Frenehn an might havo written concerning
lior ns follows: When Mrs. Wyman sings
tho poets and composers whom she honors
gather urou.idlier, that they may hear her
song, and tho women whose souls hhe
le veals to the outside world are also
there, nnd no one seemed sui prised at this.
Prudeliotiiine and Coppeo smile, and say,
"We never knew our verses wei e so be luti
fnl." Thebovish Nevin modestly tells? his
neighbor, "I write mv music for her." The
drem-childtem of Massenet nnd Holmes
pluck at her 'robe, for they feel that sho
knows their infantile ioys and sorrows.
Varheda cries out, "How did you see
xny Heart, when Zcrcutra was ready to
slay me?" The Lorelei throws down
her comb of gold and complains, saying:
"Ton have robbed mo of the song that Liszt
put in my mouth, bnt the song that lurod
the boatman to destruction is a sweeter one,
and known to mo alone." Augusta Holmes,
the Irishwoman who loves Franco, whispers
to Saint-Snens: "This is my Solitary Ono
whoso Ionjzings you expressed in music.
Lonely, she calls to tho warrior,
nnd "is not ashamed, for sho is
worthy of him." Baudelaire awakens
from his opium trance, t eeliug the presence
orpeirnme, sopndund color, and he drinks
in the odors of green tamarinds, and frank
incense n'nd aromatic forests. While Gautier
exclaims: ' This is my Contralto, and I hear
tho melting strains of Itomeo and Juliet
from one and the same statuesque throat."
All thij takes place when Mrs. Wyman sings.
Verdi's Dearest Aspiration.
A cablegram to The Dispatch, dated
Milan, January 9, gives this pleasant item
of news interesting to musical folk:
In an interview, the composer "Verdi says
that his opera "Falstaff" is practically
completed. His utterances indicated that
in the composition of this, his latest work,
he had completely abandoned the "Wagner
ian method and returned to the spontaneity
of Italian music and the comedy traditions
of the composers Pergolese Paisiello and
Cimarosa, withont losing sight of the mod
ern progress of his art. He had thus, he
said, fulfilled the dearest asniration of his
life.
That makes a first-rate text for the follow
ing extract frohfMr. W. J. Henderson's
musical article in the New York Times last
Sunday:
As to this foolish pother about tho Ger
man and Italian lanstnnes. we have only
this t say: Imluae the Italians (or those
singingin Italian) to throw a-ide theirin
sinceiity, to subordinate their personal
vanity to a truthful and artistic presenta
tion of opera as drama per musica, and
you will see how quickly the lovers
of German opera will throng the opera
hoii'c. Germau opera is nothing but an
other name lor true opera. People call it
German opera because in this city they have
never had trae opera except in the German
tongue. Giv c a season or opera in Italian
with tine dramatic methods and the distinc
tion between German and Italian opera
would bo an empty memory or the past.
The Italians have got to come to it. They
may wriggle and squirm as they will, but
the Anger ot universal opinion is the finger
or f;ito and it has pointed oat the straight
and narrow path by which the art of opera
must advance. Verdi long ago bowed to the
decision. Hi "Aida" is a truly dramatic
woik; hi3 Otello" is one of the sincerest, as
it is one of the loftiest, dramatic attempts
of our time. Verdi has said, "My 'Otello'
mar well bo proud of Its Teutonlsm."
Did Veidi mean by this that he
had become tin imitator of Wagner? Non
sense! It Is the crowning elory of the im
mortal Italian that while he was ready in
his old age to bow at a new shrine of art, he
sacrificed not one single jot of his own im
posing individuality. The judgment of the
future will surely hold that 'Otello" is as
purely and as beautifully Italian as "Die
Meisterslnger" is purely and beautifully
Gorman.
The Tentonism of Verdi's drama is not In
its musical style, but in its spirit, in its
abandonment ot the effete traditions of the
Neapolitan school, in its return to the first
glorious principles of Italian opera as ex
pounded by Jacopo Peri und exemplified by
Claudiv Monteverde. These principles have
become Teutonic simply because Cavalli,
Scarlatti, Donizetti, Bellini andsHossini cast
them aside and Mozart, Webor, Spohr.
Beethoven and Wagner took them up and
made them the food of their daily life.
Verdi's "Otello" is Tentcnicbecame it isbmlt
on these principles, but its musical matter
and manner are Italian to the very core, and
it ia to the glory and to the welfare of art
that it is so. It would be a sad day tor
music if operatic productiveness were con
fined to one country, to one master. Ger
many has her Wagner, France has her
Gounod, Italj' has herVcrdi all three
dramatic artists. If we rejoice thnt Wagner
forced homeupon us once inoro the necessity
of adhering to the laws of Peri and Mont
everde, already reiterated nnd rehabilitated
by tho immortal Gluck, shall wo not also
rejoice that the first musical minds of Italy
have turned against the shallow pretenses
of her contemporaneous lyrlo stago and
proclaimed their adherence to tho ideas
which the Renaissance- brought forth in
Florence?
Crotchets and Quavers.
Alt rnmors to the contrary notwithstand
ing, Teresa Carreno married Eugen d' Al
bert, the pianist, some six weeks ago. jlfiuf
cal Gmrter.
The ICOth performance of Keycr's opera
"Sigurd" has taken place in Paris. The
composer has been made a member of the
Legion of Honor.
31ns. Cxlestia McDosald, a contralto from
Boston, where she studied with Lyman
Wheeler, is Pittsburg's newest acquisition
in the ranks of vocal teachers and singers.
Edwaud Geieo celebrated the twenty fifth
anniversary of his first concert last month
at Christlanla. Tho mnsical world Joins
dramatist Henrlk Ib3on in that toast he pro
posed to the Scandinavian composer's
health.
Messrs. Aueet & Gcac" have concluded ar
rangements with onzogno, the Milanese
publisher, regarding tho production of Jlas
cagnl's new opera, "L'Amico Tritz," at the
Metropolitan this season. Tho oricinal
manuscript is now on the way to Sew York.
And now the Oourisr savs: "Rubinstein is
coming after all, as tho contract with
Messrs. Abbey & Gran, signed by him, is on
Its wav to this conntrv." The report will
be entirely creditable when Rubinstein fol
lows his alleged contract, and not mt.cU be
lore thoi, probably.
Mas. K. O. Lifpa, of this city, has Jnst pub
lished a sacred song,"Jesu?, I Live to Thee,"
which breathes a suitably devotional spirit
nnd has a skillfully constructed nccompant
nient, but would have been bettered oy a
closer adherence in the second verse to the
melodic subject-matter of the first.
Mb. Louis Clakie, who is tho solo bari
tone, organist and choirmaster of tho R. C
Cathedral, at St. Augustine, Fia , sends to
TnnDisFATcn his fine mnsical programme
for the Christmas services. If the choir
song that imposing list of works nnythins
like as artl-ticslly ns the printer has printed
it. Mr. Clarke should have been the recipi
ent of hearty congratulations.
Mb. A. Libebati, who enjovs national fame
as a corneti3t and bandmaster, will be the
chief drawing card for tho concert an
nounced by Sir. G. Gilli to be given at the
Auditorium on Wednesday evening of this
week. Besides Mr. Giili and several of his
vocal pupils, there will appear Mr. Charles
Corcoran, baritone; 3fr. C. W. Fleming, vio
linist, and Mr. M. S. Rocoreto, who will esay
to manage the stubborn clarinet and a bras3
band on tho same evening.
The exceedingly careless, not to say dis
respectful, deportment nud playing of tho
New York Symphony Orchestra, whenac
compinyins the cantata under Mr. Lafferty's
baton last Wednesday, hns been remarked
upon by many. At the same time the en
larged possibilities of choral productions
with n complete, well-trilned orchestm,
were broaglit to irany minds. Pittsburg's
need for tuch an orchestra of her
own giow steadily greater and becomes
nioro painfully telt. There is no r-nson to
doubt that Mr. Home- Moore would still be
willlns to undertake the work in the man
ner proposed somo months nco and it would
not be strange if the extraordinary public
recognition ho has sained asasir.cernnd
es-ayist ulthln tho past few weeks should
mako the path smoother no r. Is there no
way orr.iislng the subscription needed, so as
to get everything thoroughly prepared for
next season?
As avplt Indicated in the columns of this
Journal during the week, the two concerts
of tho Allegheny Musical Association, with
the Xcw York Symphony Orchestm, gavo
great pleasure to audiences aggregating well
up towards 3,003 people. On Thursday even
ing the ofllcers of the association thought the
iocoiptswouhl very nearly pay all expenses
and make it unnoeessaiy to call on the pnar
antors for more than a small pait, if
any. of their subscriptions. If Is
to be hoped that this will be found
correct, as it would smooth tho way to more
frequent repetitions or orchestral visits.
Roth the Boston and the sew lorfc Sym
phony orchestras, which make stated con
cert tours, onght to be heard here several
times e.ach season. It might lacllitate tho
matterintho case or the Gothamites were
thev to knock off that $K0 they ask over th
amount charged by their superiors from the
Hub. There ou,;ht to be no need for a guar
antee fund in older to -.ecure resular, high
class orchestral concerts which are not
necessarily upon the extraordinary scale of
expense that fits a largo festival enterprise.
srCCKE desirable boarders end lod;er
by cdverlisins in the cent-a-word columns
of THIS D13PATCU.
An Opportunity to Visit Congress In Session,
By taking the excursion to Washington, D.
U, next Thursday, January 14, via the B.
& O. E. It. Trains leave B..& O. station
at 8. a. M. and 920 p. M. Kate for the
round trip 59 and tickets good for ten days,
and valid to Baltimore.
A SMALL TORMENTOR;
Hott the Insignificant Tick Has Hade
Life & Burden on Jamaica.
DESTEOTEfG EEFUSB OP A CUT.
y
lea Cretm Prescribtd lj Doctors for Cer
tain Stomach Troubles.
r
PLATIffG CHESS BT THE TZLEPH0J!
nrarmxrosTHi dispatc,i
On the beautiful "West Indian island,
Jamaica, the grass tick is an almost in
visible insect, but its power of torture is, in
proportion to its size, probably greater than
that of any creeping thing, and the whola
island is infested with it to a degree that
makes life a burden. It is impossible to
walk in a field or "pasture" for a few yard
withont being covered with the insects, and
the sufferings of the unfortunate being who
happens to brush his shoes or clothes against
the blade of grass or leafy bush on which
they cluster in thousands soon reach an
agonizing stage. The sensation once felt
can never be forgotten, and it resembles
nothing so much as the fierce pricking of a
thousand needles.
The onslaught of the tick is not in on
place alone, but all over the body, for no
sooner" is the "nest," which looks liko an
innocent lump of smut, disturbed than each of
the tiny specks of which it is composed starts
out on an expedition for himself, and trav
els as far as his hunger will allow him be
fore settling down on hfs new feeding
ground. Not only i3 it impossible to go
out without being attacked, but the ticks
actuallblow into the houses on the breeze,
and "ticking" form3 a recognized part of
the Jamaicans' toilet.
But the inconvenience and anguish caused
by these vicious and all-pervading insects is
not confined to human beings. The cattla
and horses in the pastures are so distressed
by th'em that the cattle and horse-rearing
industry of the island are seriously threat
ened. It is no unusual sight for a horse
that has been out at pasture for a day or
two, to come in so covered with ticks that
in cleanin? him the hair comes off in large
patches alt over his body. So instinctively
do cattle know tho terrors of the tide
onslaught that they will often refuse to bo
driven into a pasture where the insect it
more than usually prevalent.
The plague has como to be so terrible that
it has occupied the attention of the Fellow
of the Linnaean Society of England, who
have eome to the sad conclusion that, ac
cording to the present state of human
knowledge on. the subject, there is nothing'
for the afilicted inhabitants of Jamaica to
do but to bear their heavy burden as best
they can. The cause of the scourge is stated
as two-fold. In the first place, tho burning
of gras3, which atone time was very com
mon in the island, has been discontinued to
a large extent, and, in tho second place, the
Jamaicans are paying a heavy price for try
ing to destroy the balance of nature In tho
island for the benefit of their sugar canes.
The cane-piece rat ate the sugar cane and.
cut down the profits of tne planter, and in
an evil moment the Government lis
tened to the insistent demand of the
planters for the Indian mongoose, which
was said to be unequaled as a rat killer. Tha
mongoose came and,multiplying at a prodig
ious rate, spread over tho country. Ha
drove the rat out of tho canepleces into tha
cocoanut trees, to the manifest detriment of
tho fruit thereon, and turned cane-eater him
self. But this was not all. He decimated the
poultry yard of every estate and "pen" in
the island, and in certain parts fowls and
eggs are hardly to bo had. When hungry he
would attack young pigs in the pastures. He
then turned on the harmless yellow snakes,
which he made short work of, and Is now
effecting the destruction of the lizards and
birds which formerly preyed on ticks. Ha
has become, in fact, one of the curses of tha
country and has developed another curse al
most as malignant as himself, the tick, and
between the two, tho inhabitants of Jamaica
are in a sorry plight.
A New Kefnse Destructor.
An improved refuse destructor has Jus
appeared In England. The re'nso is pa
into the destructor, and it contains suffi
cient refuse coal and otner combustible ma
terial to keep the furnaces golnsr when onca
lighted, no other fuel being necessary. The
temperature of the furnaces rango from 403
to LC00a Fahrenheit, according to tho firing,
and considerably less heat than the former
is sufficient to effectually destroy any germs
of diseaso and to consume the injurious
products of combustion before they ara
passed into tho open air. Patent fume cre
mators are also provided throngh which all
gases from the furnaces pass over a fire, tha
temperature of which sometimes reaches
1.500 Fahrenheit, and they are thence con
ducted into a chimney shaft 1C0 feet in
height. The intense heat, which is estimated
as equal to the development of 15 horse
power, is utilized for driving Imachinery
and generating electricity, as wellas in deal
In" with the clinker or residum which is left
after the burnins. Thi3 residum is cround
up for concrete mortar, mado into paving
blocks, or ued in the construction of streets,
and a s'nitable boiler Is provided in the main
flue or the opnaratns. According to present
working, the amount of house refuse, street
sweepings, eta, that can be disposed of by
one machine in a year is S0.0CO loads. Each
of the oighf cells of the destrnctorburn from
ei"ht to nine tons per day of 24 hours. Tha
worts consist of the eight-cell destructor,
roofed over, and a Jones patent fume cre
mator. An lncllneu npproacn ior tne carts
is provided, so that they can be drawn up to
discharge the refuse on the top of the fur
naces, which Is 11 feet above tha cround
The immense benefit to a community or a
fewof such destructors, especially In cities
on the lake or seaboard, where much or tha
refuse which is dump-d into the water finds
its way bae'e to the detriment of the publio
health, is apparent.
Ice Cream as a Steady Dl-t.
The American woman who regards lea
cream as ono of tbo Joys of life, has re
cently acquired a powerful ally in her de
votion to her toothsome iweakness in tha
scientist. Henceforth all that is necessary
to jnstify the family doctor In prescribing
a steady diet of ice cream is to develop tha
preliminary symptens of gastric ulcer. The
discovery of the efficacy of the new treat
ment was made quite accidentally. A
patient, with whom all ordinary methods of
dieting had failed, was allowed Ice cream at
her orn request, and was told to taUe as
much of it as she wished. Her severe synfp
toms at once began to subside, and at tha
end of two months, during which from ono
to three quarts or tho ice cream were taton
daily, she bad sained 21 pounds in weight.
Solid nourishment was gradually added to
her diet, and she made a complete recovery.
The same treatment has been found highly
beneficial where symptoms of perforat.on
and local peritonitis liave appeared. It W
believed that the ice cream is beneficial in
such cases because of tho local ancesthetio
action of the cold permittins digestion to
goon without pain, while at the sametimo
sufficient material for digestion andnourish
ment Is supplied in the cream.
Chess Match by Telephone.
A novel use of the telephone, has been
made in England on the occasion of a caess
match between tho British Chess Club In
London and tho Liverpool Chess Club. AU
the moves were made by telephone, tho
transmitter having a nickel-plated month
piece, and being of the granular type, which,
is specially fitted for long-distanca talk.
Two sames wero plav cd simultaneously, tha
first being lost by the Loudon club, and the
second, which lasted more than seven hours,
being a draw. A very amusing incident hap
pened when London, at 7 p. h., proposed an
adjournment of the game over the dinner
hour, and board 2 at tho same time offered a
draw. Both offers wero declined by Liver.,
pool with thanks, an answerwhich was ro-
ceived with shouts of laualiter by tho mem
bers of tho London club, who had mustered
In great force for tho occasion.
"Te heard you laugh," was the message
sent at once bv tho Liverpool men, much to
the amU3oment of the London audience. At
the conclusion of the second game a return
match was arranged for the follow in? Sat
urday, with a time limit of 12 moves per
hour, and a hearty cheer was given by Lon
don and responded to by Livarpool. " -
J&W&f&ftriJ&i.. JStiL
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