-sJSSPSaPTBag 16 live more than three or four days lonser and I do not think I will come to the office anymore." He then got into his carriage ani was driven home to die. It was then only that lie told his family of the decree of the physician anil he died as he expected before the ck w as out. Senator Bern's death was csnsed hy over work and lack of exercise. lie was a man ef magnificent physique, and his brain "worked, it is said, during his dreams, nnd Upon going to sleep with a knotty problem on his mind he often awoke lo find that his brain had solved it during the night. He was hard at work in the Senate just before his death, and it was in the Potomac depot, here at Washington, right near the star which marks the spot where Garfield fell when lie was shot by Guitcau, that he dropped dead of paralysis of the heart. Henry Ward Beecher'e It Dream. Henry "Ward Beecher was another man of magnificent phjsique who died of apoplexy end paralysis. He went to s!e?p one night with a violent headache, which was fol lowed bv nausea and vomiting. He did not wake carlv the next day, and when the doctor finally routed him shortly before his death he saidr "Doctor, you have disturbed my dream. I thought I was a duke and that idrs. Beecher v as a duchess and we tad a fortune in British consols. I was Just trying t" figure up my income anil I was in raey al agony, for vou know, doctor, I always tfid have trouble about arithmetic, when yoy av-oke me." Henry Ward Beccher's death was caused by conc-tion of the brain, which brought en apcple. He had had a warning stroke a ves or two before, but had cone on with out est. lie was workins on the second me of his life of Christ, and he wouldd r.7. take exercise nor stop bis worK as ms lends requested him to do. He was in a )Biatose state some time before he died. ? nd paralvsis came to him first upon his left side. Simon Cameron's Faralrtlc Stroke. S:raon Cac-eron died of paralysis, but his paralytic stroke came on the richt side, and Ji discovered it by stroking the richt side of ins face and finding that it felt curious to his touch. I was paial sis that killed ITom Coruin, the noted Ohio statesman. 3iis death occurred at a reception here at "Washington. Coram had just returned from his mission to Mexico, and he was .chattinc with a crowd cf men among whom ver? Salmon P. Chase, Ben Wade, Bob Sehenck and John Sherman. He was the life of the assomb'sie, and he told 3 curious rtoryn miiutc btlore his death. An old friend had come up to shake hands with Jrim. ard cs Corwin grasped his hand he raid: "Yon are more bald than when I saw von last, the dav before I sailed for ilexico." The man replied "Yes" and Corwin went on. "But then .lidius Cesar was hald." "Yes," replied the man, "but Cassar had ts." At this remark Corwin became serious r.ndsrid: "Twenty cars aco 1 saw a mau lal' imcor'cinus Irom a paralytic stroke. lie was in the nudt of an excited discourse end lie was onrricd out of the hall by his friends insensible. The first act of consci ousness he shnucd jipun his reeocry was to mtter the words vou have just said, 'Cresar bad fits.' " Ccrwln Died Tellini; Stories. A few minutes after this remark Corwin received his paralytic stroke. He was in the refreshment room and he was surrounded bv a crow d who were lieninc to his elo quent stories w hen his voice suddenly sank to a whisper and he reached forth his hands raid asked for air. A moment later he fell "back into the arms of his friends and he was carried into another room and laid uion a bed. He could not speak, but he raised his 2eft hand and clenched his fist pointing to bis Tight one which lay powerless at his tide. A few mrracnts later and he was dead Ex-Ssnator Georg" Pendleton, who died while Minister to Germany a year or so ago, wi.s s-:c'.en with paralsis while rid ing on r. railroad tram, and his death, which followed fhor.ly after, was doubtless due to jnental trouble. Hiswite had been killed in Central l'ark about a year before, and family troubles, added "to hard work, brought about this paralvtic stroke. "Wcrry and disappointment Lave much to do wish the health of great men, and some of our mot noted statesmen hae been tilled by disappointed political ambitions. Disappointment lias KHI-d 3Ianj. Charles Sumner (tied at Washington on the anniversary of the day that he was three years before rcmoied from the chairmanship of the Committee on Foreign Afiaiis iu the Senate, and within a lew months attcr he had been censured by the 3fas"-ach'asetts Legislature for his bill pro hibiting the publication of ITnion victories in the Army J.'trjuJrr. Horace Greeley was lilled by his Presidental defeat and family troubles. His wife was buried the day be fore the election, nnd within a mouth after it he bad gone to the tomb. It is said that be was insane during his last days, and his mental strain and worry during the cam paign added to his disappointment un doubtedlv kil'ed him. Bath Webster and Clay had their last days filled with the worries of disappointed ambitions. Webster had continued in office as Secretary of St.fc under Fillmore. Ho was disappointed in the nomination of Gen eral WmSeld Scott, and after it he went borne to SL-rshfield to die. Tin Brandy :it IVclistcr's DenthDpd. Daring his last hours he was kept alive on brandy, and tne doctor gave in his hear ing directions thit he was to have a spoon iul of brandy everv 13 minutes as long as he lived. At the third dose, WeVter, who was watching the clod;, saw that the hand had reached three-quarters, and raised his head r.nd looked at the brandv and said: "I still live." The servant tlien gave him his spoonful, and he sank into an unconscious Etste and died. Ilecrv Clay's death was accelerated by that tame convention. He was at the 2sa tsr i-SvCe1 ii Washington, attended only by Kis son, Tnomas Hart Claj, and a negro servant, and very ill when the nomination was made, and on his djing bed he heard the Whigs rejoicing over the nomination of Eeott. The death of President Arthur was larsely caused irom disappointment at not reeei ing a reuom;nati"a and irom the wear and tear of the Presidency. His work in the White House, added to high living and little exer cise, brought on Bright disease, and he carae near dying from a cold which he caught during" his trip to Florida. As the disease developed, nothing would stay -on bis stomach but milk and pepsin, and finally he could not digest these. He read most of the time during his last days, and bis death was a painless one. Suicides or IV.lilic Men. A number of snicides have been caused bv overwork and disappointment. Preston Jving, who lor years was Senator from Xew York, h?d a magnificent physique, and there were no signs ol physical ailments Hbout him. After he ret'red Irom the Sen ate President .Tr!inson made him Collector ' of the Port of 5eiv York, and the duties of that office and the troubles of the adminis tration w ere so great lint he jumped from ( c ferryboat with a 25-pound bag of slot tied around his body, and drowned hini fcell. Senator Busk, of Texas, shot hini relf shortly alter be left the United States Senate in 18.T;, and it is said that his suicide was the result of cllarges made against him in the debates of the fcienale. Senator Jim Land, of Kansas, shot him t elf when insane over his vote on the civil nchts bill. He had been in doubt how to vote on this bill'and had voted azainst it. The day of the vdte he got a telegram I warning him that it he voted against the bill it would be the mistake of his life. The telegram reached bun attcr the roll was colled, and he exclaimed excitedly: "The mistake has been made. I would give all I Ksscss if it were undone." The press of the country denounced Ins action, and he was cnarged with fraud in connection with the Indian Bureau. This last charge was unjust, hut the combination so preyed upon bis iniua that he committed suicide. 5Ijstrj- of Stanton's Death. The immediate cause of the death of Ed win M. Stanton will always be shrouded in mystery, but, whether suicide or not, it was undoubtedly caused by overwork and mental trouble. There are tkose here at Washington who will tell you that he cut r ' his throat in a fit of mental abberation re sulting from this cause, and there are others who wete present at the time he was dis covered dead who indicnantly deny the charge. The man who rhaved him alter he was dead is still in Washington, and he said the other day there was not a mark or a cut upon his throat. Major Johnson, his confidential clerk, says he saw John W. Forney ask Surgeon General Barnes for a lock of "Mr. Stanton's hair, and that Barnes took a pair of scissors from his vest' pocket anB cut off the fringe of hair which surrounded the bald spot on Stanton's head. He then rearranged the head in the coffin and pulled np the long beard of the corpse so that his neck could be plainly seen, and there was neither scar nor discoloration there. The truth cf the matter seems to be that Stanton, who was physically in a low state from overwork, caught cold and died from the effects of it The End of Iiro Great Soldiers. General Logan's death was full of pathos. His last act was to try to whisper to his wife, and General Hancock's last words were to Mrs. Hancock, whom he called, us ing his pet name, Ellie. He then attempted to sav goodby, but he had only ntterea the word "good" when he relapsed into uncon sciousness and expired. Almost the last words that Senator Plumb uttered were to his landlady, who asked him what was the result of his consulfation with his physician. He replied character istically: "I have got to throw up the spongeT" He meant that he would have to stop work, and he did not know that so soon he would have to stop altogether. Judge Jeremiah Black died with a prayer on his lips, and just before he left this world he said to his wife, "How can I fear to cros the dark river when my Father waits for me on the other side." He then prayed, saying, "Oh, thou most beloved and merciful Heavenly Father, from whom I had my being and in whom I have ever trusted," if it be thy will, grant that my sufferings end and that I Speedily be called home to Thee, and oh, bless and comfort my Mar." A few moments after this he died. Vice President Wilson picked up a hymn book just before be died, and looked lor a long time at his wife's picture which was pasted in the front of it. and Henry Clay's words during the delirium of his dying hours were: ''Mother, mother, mother and my dear wife!" Fkauk G. Caepksteb. LETTERS FROM WHITTIER. Hoir the Toct rfooraed the Abolition Cnnjo In the Bmxt r Valley The Underground Railroad Up There Petitions to lie Sent to oncress. rwitlTTEX FOB Tnr DlSrATCH.1 The birth-day anniversary of John G. Whittier, the Quaker poet and abolitionist, set Joseph B. Coale, of Xew Brighton, to ransacking the drawers of an old secretary belonging to his father, whose name was the same as the son. In them he found much relating to the stirring times when the Abolitionists were a feeble folk in the martyr stage and when the South, behind its bulwark of the pentateuch, the Constitntion and the decisions of the Su preme Court, was rejoicing in its strength. One branch of the Underground Kailway ran up the Beaver ATalIey as far as Old Brighton, noW Beaver Falls, and then, crossing the ridge into the Little Beaver Valley, passed through Darlington, Hell's Hollow, Enon, etc., until Salem and Da mascus were reached, where passengers re cuperated before attempting the last stage which carried them to the lake. This section of the road was largely operated by the Quakers, of whose tenets the father of the present Mr. Coale was a devoted adherent. J. B. Coale, the elder, was one of the conductors. He was a miller and drove a large covered wagon, in which were often hidden more negro than flour. Ordinarily his run ended at Dar lington, though he sometimes conveyed the rmenaciotis sons and daughters of Ham as far as Salem. The wife of one of the pres ent lcadinc cit'zens of Salem was one of Mr. Coale's passengers. She is so nearly white that only an ethnologist would sus pect a tincture of African blood in her veins. Petitions KelaOve to Slavery. In the old secretary Mr. Coale found some letters from Whittier and Juliana A. Tappan. The man addressed died in his 29th vcar, but be had won a name along that Hne of the road beginning at Virginia and ending in Canada. Among the letters were two written in 1837 relative to accompany ing petitions, which the recipients were ad jured to have signed by as many people as possible. J.ney were issued by tne Ameri can Anti-Slaery Society of Kew York. People were asked to memorialize Congress on the subject of liberating the slaves in the District of Columbia: on the question of slavery in the Territories; concerning slave trade, between States; to oppose the admission of Florida as a slave State; to protest against the admission of Texas, the memorialists fearing that admission would not only blast all hone of freedom, but involve the United States in a war with Mexico; asking that fugitive slaves be allowed trial by jury; asking for the repeal of all laws making distinctions among citizens on account of color, as did the "anti-ltepublican and unchristian stat utes of Ohio and Xcir York," and, in short, covering all the ground in issue between the Abolitionists and the Government. The memorial stated that it was im portant that the petition should be backed by 500,000 names. Speaking of Congress the memorialists said: "That body is more powerfully moved by large numbers thin by strong arguments." Information needed was to be had from the, late Henry B. Stan ton. Whittier writes: Weak Feiesd- IVe send thee our petitions earnestly i equeung tneo to do all in thy power to en cula o them m-the towns of New Brighton, Eolestille, Fairport and Freedom. Fucnd Townend will assist thee. In Behalf of the Am. A. S. Soe. JSO. G. WrOTTZEB, Enlfstinx the Women. The other letter has nothing of the Quaker phraseology about it. It is as fol lows: Sik Permit me in behalf of a committee appointed by tho Female Anti-Slavery So cieties in this city to request that you will luniisli females with separate copies of the annexed petiuons and urge them to visit everv lamily nnd (jive every wbnian an op portunity to isn. By continuing to do this until the richtsof the oppressed ate cstablisl-ed bv law, they nmv Rreatly aid a cause that peculiarly ap peals to woman for sympathy, piayer and activ e effort. Kespeetlu'.ly, JCLIANA "A- TAITAir, Secretary or Committee. The writers paid the postage, and took care to mark it "Paid" on the letter, and the postmaster has stamped the same in formation in red ink. fetter envelopes had not then been made, and this letter is folded so as to hide the contents, and is sealed with a wafer. Four vcars before that time the American Anti-Slavery Society was lormed in Phila delphia, and Whittier was chosen Secre tary. Some people had a gfeat deal of fun at the expense of the fanatics, and tarring and feathering was common sport. Henry Lloyd Garrison had served a por tion of his time in jail, being unable to pay a fine of 550 and costs for denouncing a ves sel owner of Xewberryport, in the Gen.ius.of Universal Lma'icipatum, for carrying slivcs. Arthur Tappan, of New York, paid the fine. The newsboys would have broken their jaws had they tried to cry that paper, and many of the leading citizens would have broken the boys' heads had they at tempted it. Even in Boston, Garrison was put into jail to save him from the violence of the mob, "composed," as Horace Greely said, "in good part of merchants." D. The Kidneys Are Devoured By the diseases that afflict them, if renal disease is not speedily checked. The finest diuretic is Uostetter's Stomach Bitters, which, without exciting, gives a healthful impulse to tho action of those organs, and prevents their degeneration. The stomach and tho liver are greatly benefitted by the Bitters, which, moreover, prevents and remedies malarial complaints of all kinds. "THE WATER THAT'S PURE. Uo Valid Reason Why Pjttsbnrg Can not Draw on Conneant Lake. ANCIEKTS MD GREATER THINGS Jlnd Moderns Ifave Acquedacts SToro Form idable Than Ars Needed. SOME OF THE ROTABLE EXAMPLES CWKITTEX FOK THE DISrATCH.l It is truly wonderful how differently things appear from various points of view or under changed con- jjOgg, ditions. That secondary jjSjgwJs hue, green, seems to be blue under artinciai light. The stage beauty behind the glaring foot lights is the shriveled hag in the obscurity of her home. The bright Funny day of the ac cepted and happy lover is the consummation of dreary gloom to the re- jected one. It is thus in most everything. What is exactly right A naraAi A dow fa bII Jiuin of a Cartha-"" H" "" -v gentan Aqueduct, wrong to-morrow and vica-versa. Now they are talking of bringing the water necessary to supply Pittsburg from one of the lakes in the northern part of the State and the individuals who make the suggestion are considered clear-headed and far-sighted fellows. But that is all owing to the changed condition of things I think. It is recognized now, by almost everyone in this city who drinks water that a change is necessary. They will have no more of the sickly, oleaginous bilge that is baled out of the depths of the Allegheny on the one hand, and the fluid extract of blast furnace slag and slaughter house refuse from the Monongahcla on the other. A Scheme That Was lianghed At This condition was not so apparent sev eral years ago, and for that reason the per sons who made the suggestion of getting the water from Lake Conneaut or any other, at that time, were indiscriminately laughed down. I know of this from bitter experi ence, for I happened to be one of the ridi culed, bat, I can say, in the words of Mr. Toots, "It's of no consequence," now that the feasibility of the scheme will At least be given consideration. The worst part of the whole matter, in my estimation, is the fact that intelligent men and those who should have known better, were the ones to lead in the ridicule. It must be admitted that the idea is not a new one to-day, any more than it was five years since. An idea that has been prac tically carried out, in our own country and foreign ones in our own wav as well as among nations and in all climes in remote antiquity, is no longer a theory. What has been done once, can be done again and "a durned sight better." A city to be healthful must have a pure water supply. That fact was recognized several thousand years since. If the water is good, it means "healt and longevity to the inhabitants; if otherwise, pestilence and death. Acqnedncts ofthe Ancients. In considering the practicability of the aqueduct and the possibility of its being utilized to Pittsburg's benefit, it is inter esting to revert to results attained by others. As far back as the earliest periods ol Persian and Judean history, aqueducts were used to convey water to the cities and towns from distant sources. The famous "Pools of Solo mon" were nothing more or less than three. large reservoirs, which supplied Jerusalem with water The city still gets its water from he same place. Ancient Eeypt and Babylonia constructed similar works, and enough remains of the aqueduct that sup pjied Carthago, to satisfy us that the system is practical, and that on the largest and longest seals. The Carthaginian conduit carried water from the mountains of Zeugis, a distance of 70 miles. One of its arcades, near Undena, was composed of more than 1,000 arches, many of which were over 109 feet in height. Hydraulic, cement was used, and that so gsu wfjwiaiM'iJLilliilliL A KSnd ssj i u f ii r nnnnraa Jloque Favour Aqueduct effectively that pieces 100 feet in length have fallen from the top without being broken. The ancient city of Mcxio was supplied by the aqueduct of Chapultepec, which crossed the lake on a causeway. The Greeks constructed magnificent aqueducts, some of which are till in use, and through the knowledge thus imparted and improved upon, the Bomans became the greatest of aqueduct builders. The Komans Took Thelr's Fare. Eleven of the most imposine structures of the kind the world has ever known, sup plied each inhabitant of the Eternal City with an average allowance of 332 gallons a day. The majority of these conduits were over 30 miles long; some extending to GO and more, nnd. as it this supply from the mountain lakes was not pure enough, the Itoman engineers embodied a huge filtering: device in tome ofthe structures. This con trivance usually consisted of four chambers, two on the level with the conduit and two immediately beneath. The water flowing into the first, descended througli an open ing in the floor to the second, whence it flowed on through a perforated wall or grating to the third and ascended from that through an opening in the roof to the fourth, where it found its orig inal level and re-entered the conduit A stairway descending to an opening, afforded access to the lower chambers, and by the assistance of sluice gates the water could be turned directly irom the first chamber to the fourth, so that the mud could be cleaned out of the chambers below. I do know that this idea has been used in some of the aqueducts of modern limes. Aqueducts of the Moderns. But, the scoffers at any idea are still abroad, and I dare say that any number will assert, as they did some years ago, that what was good enough for the ancients is a little behind the age for us. Perhapt a lew tacts brought right down to our day and people may he interesting. The city of Marseilles, France, with a population of 37C.143 souls, is to-d.iv supplied with water and 1!5,000 acres of farming land surrounding it irri gated by the Roque F.ivour aqueduct, the most remarkable specimen of engineering skill on the European continent. It is 51 miles long, having its source in the river Durance. One arcade, over the river Arc, is 2G2 f?ct high and 1'.287 feet long. The Pont du Jour, another big aqueduct in France, designed to carry water to resi dences only, in Paris, is 110" miles long, and has a capacity ol 30,003,000 gallons per day. The city of Glasgow, population 074,095, is 6upplic"d by an aqueduct 35 miles in length from LochKatrine, and Vienna, with 1,350, 000 inhabitants to satisfy, has one 56 miles long, which conveys water to the city from great springs at the foot of the Styrian Alps. Even London ha$ awakened to the necessity of having a better water supply than ithas had in the past W hat London Proposes to So. The Colne Valley, from which the supply is to be obtained, is not above 25 or 30 miles from London, but, if a city with an estimated population of 4,421,661 can be supplied even at this distance, why cannot BBS? Ilpfl "l5 ,-' m T&""1 TTrtlFTil r: i Trl'3niTTTT.rT''rTrt.v1ir- PITTSBTIR& DISPATCH; Pittsburg, with only 238473, have its water supply in one of the lakes, even if the dis tance aggregates 100 miles? Tne success of the Pont du Jour abun dantly proves that distance is not the great est obstacle to be encountered. If that be an objection, what do you think of the ancient, ignorant and foolish Incas of Peru, who to irrigate the sterile soil, brought water from the mountains, a distance in some cases of several hurdred miles. It should be remembered that the 'Peruvians had the alternative of getting water for their crops by this method or doing with out both. Again the result of the experiment of which the Croton aqueduct in New York has been the result,abuudantly proved in its first form and in its present leconstrnction, that the supply of water to cities by this system is as practical and possible to-day as our pre-histonc progenitors long ago found it. If all sorts of people in different ages have found this method practical, why cannot Pittsburg do the same? Questions of Grade and Cement. Distance and expense have alike been overcome. Can it be the fear that the grade from the lakes is too great; that the masonry of which an aqueduct would be composed would not stand the strain? Know then, Andent Peruvian Aqueduct. that the Boman aqueducts of Anio Novus and the Aqua Claudia, which were between 30 and 40 miles in length, had their sources over 2,000 feet above the city. The engin eers overcame this difficulty by making angles iu the conduits at about every half mile, or, the floors were given a series of short undulations. But one real obstacle is to be overcome. The Romans necessarily lined their con duits with cement This was a substance which they called opis ' signinum. Whon hard it would resist almost any tool. It is Filtering Device In Jtonuzn Aqueduct. this cement that has held these magnificent structures together through these many centuries, but the art of making it has been lost. However, I do not think that the opls is absolutely necessary to success. No such difficulties as to erade are to be conquered, and even if there were I have faith enough in our own times and people to think they could overcome any obstacle the ancients could surmount All that is required is a firm resolve to do so. W. G. Kaufmaict. BQT7AEING THE CIKCLE. v Oar Forefathers Fivo Thonsnnd Yean Ago Fooled With tho Froblom. Contemporary Review. The origin of the problem Is almost lost in the mists of antiquity, but there is a record of an attempted quadrature in Egypt 500 years before the exodus ofthe Hebrews. There is also a claim, according to Hone, that the problem was solved by a discovery of Hippocrates, the geometrician of Chios not the physician 500 B. C Now, the efforts of Hippocrates were devoted, toward converting a circle into a crescent, because he had found that the area of a figure pro duced by drawing two perpendicular radii in a circle is exactly equal to the triangle formed by the line of junction. This is the famous theorum of the "luues of Hippo crate"," and is, like glauber's salts out of the philosopher's stone, an example of the useful results which sometimes follow a search for the unattainable. The oldest mathematical book in the world is believed to be the "Papyrus Ehind" in the British Museum, professed to have been written by Ahmes, a scribe of King Ba-a-us, about the period between 2000 and 1700 B. C. This "Papyrus Khind" was translated by Eisenlehr, of Leinsic, a few years ago, and it was found to contain a rule for mak ing a square equal in area to a given circle. It was not put forth as an original dis covery, but as the transcript of a treatise 500 years -older still, which sends us back to, approximately, 2500 B. C, when Egyp tian mathematicians solved, or thought they had solved, the problem of squaring the circle. THE HTJIIOBIST IN CONGBESS Mast Be a Rare Man Ir lio Farns m Reputa tion as a Statesman. In talking with a number of Congressmen in Washington, from which city I have just come, says Webster Flanagan, of Texas, in the St. Louis Globe-Democral, I chanced to speak of one of them as a humorist He begged me not to do so, as he said 'that he was ambitious to rise in the political world, and did not wish to be hampered with the fatal reputation of a. wit Others took up the discussion, and all agreed that a reputa tion for humor was most fatal to any Con gressman. One gentleman cited the late Sunset Cox as nu illustration. Cox was a man of great and varied abilities, and would have risen verv high, indeed, had it not been that after he bad made one or two humorous speeches no one would take him seriously. When ever he got up to speak every one prepared to laugh, and nothing else would do. Proctor Knott effectually killed his influence by his famous Duluth speech, and I shall never get over my playful remark in the Republican convention. Reed is the only man noied for his wit who has ever suc ceeded in being noted for anything else. OUB BOASTED CIVILIZATION. A Little Street Scene That Has I Dupli cate in Any American City. Kew York Adi ertlscr. Two newsboys got into a fight in Frank fort street the other day. Two other boys backers stood near when the first blow was struck. Before half a dozen blows had been exchanged more than one hundred persons crowded the narrow thoroughfare and urged the lads to "give it to Mm." Among them were two well-known business men who are reputed to be worth more than a miilion.cacli, a member of the Board of-Education, a Senator-elect, two members of Assembly and a mail who was 'once a candidate for Mayor of Brooklyn. When a detective from the Oak street station collared the lads and marched them down under the shadow of the Bridge, half a hundred men nid it was iluune. H i i , 1 1 i i ! fyin: k BITOT) AY, JANTJABY fj,' THE RICH CHRISTIAN. KeT. George Hodges Questions tho Business Men of Pittsburg 05 CHRISTIANITY AND SUCCESS. A Tarletj of Answers as to the Possibility of Having Doth. OPINIONS (OF THE BUSINESS WORLD rWHITTETf rOB TOE DISPATCH.1 Paper No. 1. "As a nail sticietb fast between the join ings of the stones, so doth sin stick close between buying and selling." Eceles. xxvii. 4. Some time ago I wrote a letter to a num ber of business men in Pittsburg, asking for information. I said that I proposed to preach a sermon, one of these days, on the subject of Business on Christian Principles. "I find it stated," I wrote, "in a book of Prof. Ely's that a Young Men's Christian As sociation in some city decided recently, after debate, that It is impossible to do business on Christian principles; and that an emi nent political economist has raided the question as to whether .all the preaching about the necessity of righteousness in business doesn't simply make men worse, on this ground, 'that as the business world is at present constituted men must commit sin, and to point out to them their sinful ness only awakens a sense of guilt, 'and in creases their sinfulness.' , Questions Asked Business Men. VNbw, about all this," I wrote, "I know nothing, Bufto presch about business on Christian principles without some definite information would be to preach either false hoods or platitudes. And the best way I know of is to write to several business men of my acquaintance, of whom you are one, and ask you frankly to tell me: "1. Is it impossible to do business on Christian principles? Is it true, that as the business world is at present constituted, men must commit sin? "2. If so, what Bin, and how? What aTe the particular practices which are consid ered commercially right, but which come into opposition to .Christian principles? For example, must a business man lie? must he break the fourth commandment? must he steal? "3. And, in general, in your opinion, what do you think the Christian pulpit ought to do by way of bettering unchristian elements in business life? Leave them alone, except in generalties? or speak of them plainly? And it speak of them, speak of what?" ' To 1'lttsbnrc's teodlne; Business Men. This letter was written to about 20 men, some of them men whose names are familiar to every inhabitant of Pittsburg, the lead ers of our great Industries, men associated with the most extensive of the concerns that have carried the renown of this oity even over the wide sea. Others were men in subordinate positions, or connected with retail houses, or owners of a small business, and able to look at the problem from an other point of view. The letter made its inquiry of people in many different occupations and industries. Iron and steel, oil nnd gas are represented in the answers. So also is the business of the merchant, the grocer, the dealer in hard ware, the newspaper man, the broker, the banker and the commercial traveler. Some of tlje answers were given in extended interviews; most of tbem were set down in n riting. Of the written answers a few wef e short; the majority were of considerable length; some of them being a good deal longer than the usual limit of my sermons. A Great Variety of Replies. As to the nature of the replies to my questions, some said one thing and some another. One letter would return an em phatic nssertion of the purity of all the principles of business, and in tne same mail would come another letter casting suspicion upon the integrity, from the Christian point of view, of the most honest rules of com mercial dealing. Some considered business in general to be Christian in its conduct, but excepted certain men, or certain branches of commercial life. Some held that business is the most Christian institu tion now existing in the world, maintaining that most business men are really Christian missionaries, teaching and enforcing the strictest Christian ethics. Others confessed that, from their point of view, the business world, so far from being a house of prayer, is really a great den of thieves. The quotations in my letter, these correspondents Eaid, represented the real truth, that as the business world is at pres ent constituted men are of necessity every day forced into sin. One Fact About the Aniwers. I noticed one enrions division line run ning through all this interesting and profita ble correspondence. The men at the head of great industries are emphatic in affirm ing the absolute honesty of all decent busi ness. But the small traders, the clerks, the commercial travelers, are not by any means so sure about that. jNearly all the nega tive answers came from them. All these letters were so carofnllv and thoughtfully written, every one of them so suggestive and so instructive, that I am sorry that my space does not permit me to quote them all, from the first even to the last, without missing a sentence. Some of them, are as good sermons as I ever heard. All that I can do is to quote sentences from them here and there, and to give you their main ideas and to make some comments upon the general subject in the light of this cor respondence. Even this will take three Sundays. , "Is ft impossible to do"business on Chris tian principles? Is it true, that as the business world is at present constituted men must commit sin?" An Answer in the Affirmative. "It is said," writes one correspondent, "that there two sides to all questions; but the question, 'Can business be done on Christian principles?' seems to me to have one side only. It is not only possible, but, as a rule, the most profitable, to do business on Christian .principles; and I cannot ad mit for one moment that those principles antagonize legitimate business as the world is now constituted." "As we have been taught,"writes another correspondent, "that all things are possible, I must say that it is possible to do business on Christian principles; but when and where are very rare instances in my humble opin ion. I once heard a cashier of a now de funct bank tell a prominent business man of this city, that it was impossible to get rich and be honest, except by inheritance, or 'striking it lich' by some lucky find. I have never been engaged in business for myself to any great extend, bnt I must con fess that in almost every business in uhjch I have been employed I have observed many cases of deception." An Abasfd Corporation Beard From. The next writer represents one of tho largest and most widely abused corpora tions in this country. "In my judgment, " he says, "it is impossible to succeed in business without Christian principles, except tem porarily. Therefore it is not only not im possible to do business on Chiistian princi ples, but absolutely necessary. A man who does to another in business jany differently than he would be done by, is not looked upon as a first-class business man. 'It is not true that as the business world is at present constituted men must commit sin, but the contrary." But listen to correspondent number fourl "I candidly believe," he writes, "that busi ness as at present constituted cannot be conducted on strictly Christian principles. It is exceedingly difficult to actually define just what the unchristian practices of busi ness are, but they may be stated in a gen eral way to be juit without the pale of honesty with oneself and his neighbor, and , 189L it is hardly possible to avoid their commis sion as business is at present constituted." Competition Breeds BUhoncsty. And with this my next correspondent agrees heartily. "My answer to your first question, I am sorry to say is that as the world is at present co'nstitnted it is impossi ble to do business successfully on Christian principles. It is the fear of povertythat causes men to abandon Christian principles in business. The business man's competi tor, many times not a Christian, resorts to practices in business that are actually dis honest That compels a professing Chris tian to copy them, or otherwise stare pov erty in the face." On the other hand, here are other voices: 'Is it impossible to do business on Chris tian principles? No. -Is it true that as the business world is at' present constituted men must commit sin? No:" And another writes, "Xo! a thousand times no! Busi ness men do not have to lie. steal, break any rightful cemmand, or sin in any way, in order to be successful " Sti'l another de clares that the conducting of business on Christian principle is "the only hope of success, and happiness in this life." licmlr.ded Him of Blogi-nes' Hnnt. Other men, however, . are not so pro nounced. One who holds that business can Lbe done on Christian principles, admits mat u is a aimcuu undertaking. Anotner, who readmyletterto a considerable number of business men of his acqnamtance, and reports that every one of thcmpleaded '"not guilty," and who really pleads "not guilty" himself, confesses that he thonght of Diogenes with his lantern searching (and not very successfully) for an honest man. One correspondent writes in this guarded way: "To your first question I make reply that business can be and is done on moral, and therefore, Christian principles, by many firms and persons. By this I do not mean that perfection is attained, but that there is a fixed principle of applied integ rity, and consequently no more frequent lapses than are found in ordinary mortals. I further believe that the number of erring brothers is no greater pro rata in the com mercial world than in any of the learned professions, even including that of theology. I reiterate my firm conviction that business can be done on Christian principles, and that some of our most successful men have succeeded on this very line." As Good as tho Parsons. The reference to' the clerical profession was illustrated in connection with this let ter by an enclosure of a dozen clippings from the newspapers of that w eek, contain ing reports of various misdemeanors on the part of persons legally entitled to write "reverend" before their names. "Ought to Be Serving Time in a Penitentiary," was the heading to one of these para graphs. "ABishop's Sense of Honor," was another. This same position, that the busi ness men are fully asgood as the persons, was held by anotner writer, already quoted, who said: "Business life should be, may be, and probably is as pure as ministry; and .may be, and probably is, conducted "on as lofty a gro nd, and for as lofty ends, upon the average." t And another, carrying the same battle a little farther into the regions ecclesiastical, says this: "Sot do I know of any commer cial practices that are in opposition to Christian principles; but thera is a high standard of commercial interity that busi ness men do not look for. nor expect to find, in so-called religious men. This is not the fault of Christian principles. Itisafact," he concludes, "that maygive you some food lor thought." As indeed it does! Selfishness the Basis of Business. And yet here is an epistle as long as two sermons, which begins thus: "Your letter is at hand, and its content's noted with alarm and amazement. The subject is one on which my thoughts have repeatedly dwelt, and with no other result than pain and distressful confusion. In fact, there is little in the business world that will bear comparison with ideal standards and Cliris, tian holiness. The dominating principle of business is selfishness under the form of competition. The rule of Christianity is to love your brother as yourself. These prin ciples evoke inevitable conflict." Some of my correspondents, on the other hand, are so emphatic in their certainty of the Christian elements in business, that 4hey have their opinion, and that not a favorable one, of the young men whose vote was quoted in my letter. One busi ness man thinks that they were probably boys who knew nothing whatever about business. Another says that their society snouiu oe called tne bin-Apologetic asso tion. Bnd for tho Tonus Men. Another says that "no decent honest man could suggest that business could not be conducted upon Christian principles successfully." Still another writes, "I am sorry for the young men in that Christian Association who decided in the manner they did, for it only too plainly tells the classes of business associates they have had. To them I wonld say, 'Come up out of the Chatham streets of the business you are in, and breathe the air of the broad gauge, liberal, honest and honorable avenues of the commercial world, and you will change yonr vote.'" Thus my first question was answered by a confusion of voices. Some saying "yes," and some "no"; but the majority maintain ing most earnestly that it is not only possible to do business on Christian prin ciples, but as a fact business is actually done on Christian principles in the great proportion of commercial houses. Grop.GE Hodges. TUBES AC20SS THE CHANNEL. Sir Edward Reed's Plan for a Railroad rrom Enland'to Franco. Sir Edward Beed's plan for constructing a railroad across the British Channel is to lay two mammoth tubes of steel plate and concrete, 20 feet in diameter. The tubes would be made in lengths, and when two lengths were completed they would be joined together in a parallel CO feet apart and floated but into the Channel to be at tached to the completed length. All the work is to be done above water. Thus, the end of the completed tube is to be kept afloat until a fresh length is joined on. Then that will be allowed to sink, and the last attached part will form the end of the completed .part This plan has already been practiced with success in America in carrying the pipe, 40 inches in diameter, for a water works a long distance across a body of salt water. In that case the engineer in charge invented a joint which remained tight as the com pleted tube first hung in a curve, and after ward adjusted itself to the bottom on which it came to lie. DREAD CERTAINTIES rOKETOLD. What Climate, Neglect and 'Want of the Proper Medicine Will Do. There are some things which are as sure as fate and can be relied on to occur to at least one-half of the human family unless means are taken to prevent: First, the climate of winter is sure to bring colds; second, colds not promptly cured are sure to cause catarrh; third, catarrh, improperly treated, is sure to make life short and mis erable Catarrh spires no organ or func tion of the body. It is capable of destroy ing sight, taste, smell, hearing, digestion, secretion, assimilation and excretion. It Ecrvades pvery part of the human body ead, throat, "stomach, bowels, bronchial tubes, lungs, liver, kidneys, bladder nnd sexual organs. Catarrh is the cause of at least one-half ofthe ills to which thehuman family is subject Is there no way to escape from it? There is. Pe-ru-na never fails to cure a cold. Pe-ru-na never faib to cure catarrh in the first stage. Pe-ru-na cures catarrh in the second stage in nine cases'out often. Pe-ru-na cures catarrh in its last and worst stages iu the majority of cases, and never fails to benefit every case, however bid. Pe-ru-na also cures Ja grippe with unfailing certainty. A book on the cure of It j grippe and catarrh in all stages and varieties sent free to any address by the Pe-ru-na Drag Manufacturing Com pany, of Columbus, O. AMERICA IN FRANCE, A Bold Writer Who Blames Us for Spoiling Their Good Things. TBK ARISTOCRACY OF WEALTH And the Destruction of the Salon Two of Our lVorst Doings. PBENCH WOMEN AEE MISUNDERSTOOD warrras fob the dispatch. 1 An interesting article has been, published by Jules Simon on the subject of French women. He does not admit for a moment that foreigners understand or appreciate French women at their true value, or in their real character. In fact he admits in a sort of way that after an experience of 50 years he hardly knows them himself. He frankly states that in England it is difficult for strangers to cross the threshold, but when duly accredited and introduced, they are made to feel themselves as part of the family, but this is never the case in France. There they are willing to show themselves upon the stage, but strangers are always kept in front of the footlights. In other words, they are always on show, but never allow those most interested to take in mat ters behind the scenes. In this they widely difler from Amer icans who enjoy no friends so much as those who have the freedom of the house, and who are not frowned down by the "formalities'' that make society a burden and its laws a sort of tyranny almost nn bearable at times. There are no friends like old friends, Fays the old raw the friends of youth, who went to school with you, who stand by you for old acquaint ance sake, who have a warm side for yon through good report and evil reporl, be cause you lived next door. Youthful Friendship In Paris. This sort of friendship, we are told, does not lexist 'among the French at least, among Parisians. There, girls and boys are educated in different schools, and have little acquaintance with each other. The daughters of wealthy families are edu cated in convents and have little oppor tunity to form the abiding friendships that stand the test of time. Constantly under chaperonaze until married, they have none ofthe freedom of American women. "Foreigners know nothing of the actual life of France to-day," says Simon. "They can onlv know French women superficially, and as life goes on in Paris, it is almost im possible to obtain intimate knowledge of a Parisian woman." After asserting that "personal observation is impossible," he also takes time to explain that neither the novels nor the plays are to be accepted as picturing the times, or portraying the women of to-day in France. No writer of less genius, or of less power in the delinea tion of character than Moliere can be trusted to show to foreigners the Parisian women, and Moliere like Shakespeare stands "without an .equal, and without a second." "Above all," continues this writer, "do not trust the newspapers, and shun most especially, those which pretend to describe society. These show up the women of the aristocracy as devoted to pleasure, and scandal, and immorality. They make the nations outside imagine that Paris is a great Babylon; that the women of the famous city are more devoted to the world, the flesh and the devil than are those of London, Eome or Berlin." Xot a City of Saints, Only. He admits that there is a small corner of Babylon in Paris that may be somewhat larger in dimensions than tne same in other places, but that this fact is owing to the at tractiveness of the city and the greater number of foreigners. "There is no more amusing madcap," he observes, "than the Parisian courtesan, and no more sensible and charming person than the Parisian' woman; but these- ayeu apart in distinct worlds, and have nothing in common but their hats." He admits, however, that the few thou sands in the Babylon corner attract more attention than the 500.000 cood women of Paris, or the 20,000,000 in all France. En glish and Americans arid other foreigners arc not the only ones that thus mistake and misjudge French women, for the novels and the plays of the period have even impressed Frenchmen with the same idea. History shows that the morals of the nobility of France in days gone by were certainly most abominable, but Simon holds that even then the mass of the people of France were as moral as their neighbors. In his attempt to make the world under stand his countrywomen while acknowl edging that he hardly does himself he de votes but little attention to those of the aristocracy of birth. The women of this class, he s'avs, are devoted to royalty and religion. They are full of the most obstin ate prejudices", they entertain the most narrow views, they are virtuous, religious, charitable, have a keen appreciation of art and literature, and with all, have their full share of vanity and worldliness. The Aristocracy of the Dollar. Second to this class are the women of the aristocracy of money, the real aristocracy of the nineteenth ceutury when the king is the "almighty dollar." as we in this country would put it. In this class foreigners are made welcome, if rich enough. Even a few of the exclusive nobility by what they esteem "divine right," will accept invita tions into this society while carefully keep ing their own doors shut in its face. This, however, he nssures his readers is not Parisian society. It is that which owes its being to the invasion of Paris by Europe and America. America constitutes the greater part, and has introduced fnto it its manners and characteristics, "the most de plorable of which is the separation of the sexes." TTnnn this text he dilates at length. .Nothing he remarks is more anti-French than this separation. In old times he mournfully observes they had "bed cham ber receptions" when rhe literary women of the famous salons flourished when Cor neille read his tr.igedies and Bossnet aired his oratory. Then came the gathering of the famous men auu women in ineir uress ing rooms. Then women were gradually trained down to receiving in their boudoirs. Finally, it is now the drawing room. 3Ien hate drawing rooms, so tbey leave the women in their state and elegance and "go dff to argne and smoke in the tap room." A Detestable American InnoTjtlon. This new fashion, introduced by Ameri cans, he detests. He claims that it has killed conversation; that it detracts from all pleasure in having brains or enjoying the intellectual powers of others. French women, he accuses, instead of resisting this hateful innovation have surrendered. They have been false to their duty and their history in not making these Americans con form to their own comfortable style. They are found lacking in patriotism in not en forcing the old French wsy it having agood easy time in mornng wrappers, and in re ceiving the.F,rench bretureii in such way as not to lead to a .sepanifion oilmen and women in their intellpctua pleasures. Here Brother Simon waxes wroth: " 'Oh, ves,' they tell us in gentlest tone, 'I do not object to tobacco. ' But look at their hypoc risy. But, madam, it is you whom I object to. If you stay in this drawing room, I am subjected to the formalities. I am com pelled to be civil and courteous, whereas I want to he comfortable, as suits mynature." Then he scalds his country women for plaving the fool, and pretending that their friends will be welcome, even in knee breeches and with pipes, when they know that men will accept no such invitation. He blames Americans largely for having broken up the French salons, and tells the French women they will repent their folly in not preserving them. He charges them with cowardice lor not baving declared war against the smoking room, which has re sulted in a separation of men and'wcrmenT" and the abolition of one of the greatest en; joyments of life the intellectual Inter- I , course of men ,and women gifted; with J f brains. r ' The Morals or the Mixed Class. As to the morals of this mixed class, he maintains that respectability possesses al ways the upper hand, but there is a toler- ance that is alarming. Nobody reads Zola, or at least admits it, but a neat case at law displayed in charming style, and with all the graces of society, is read with delight by all. Although Mr. Simon's remarks upon the women of the aristocracy of wealth bear thus hard upon the American colony in Paris, he will not admit that society in France is more corrupt than elsewhere, but he confesses that in common with other countries he is beginnine to see that society has gone a little too far in flirting with vice. "We have only reached the stage of im prudence, but tnis is not far from deca- , dence." In treating of the woman of the middle class he is very diffuse. In reckoning up her characteristics he says: "She is relig ious, with atendency to be superstitious. She is strictly moral, devoted to worldly gains, a good manager, a faithful mother, though ruled by blind tradition rather than her own reason. She is ignorant of political matters, though fanatically in her bias for individuals. She is scrupuously honest in her dealings, an earnest patriot in a word -superior to her husband. She has a larger heart, more intense devotion to her duties and a more impregnable common sense. In thelast siege of Paris she set an example of patient suffering and encouraged men to work and to fight and saved them all from despair." Vanity of the Middle Class. The fault of the middle class women of France is according to their countryman, who describes them vanity. This vanity is the strongest influences in French society. In short, says Simon, "the middle class is absolutely rotten with vanity." The women are positively possessed with the idea that it is disgraceful to work, and splendid to be idle. They will not admit of any superiority. They want their sons to be educated in colleges and their daughters to make good matches. They will go through unheard-of sacrifices to accomplish these ends, A father may be satisfied to limit his ambition for his son to his capa city, but not so his mother. Trade or busi ness for her sou she cannot tolerate. He must have a higher position in the social scale. Her daughter must never work. Simon stops to wail over the fact tha. ths middle class women care nothing for sing ing, but they must have a piano because that presumes they have a drawing room. If their girls must do anything teaching is the occupation most consistent with their ideas of ladyhood, although no more exact ing or tiresome occupation can be found. In cjnsequenceof this ri liculous Vanity there are more than 23.000 girls every year certi fied as able to teach who can secure no po sitions. They cannot come down to any thing else, and think "it is better to die heroically of hunger." Tho .Slavs Chains of Vanity. These middle-class women with all their dread of work for their daughters.vorklike galley slaTes themselves. In the books they amuse themselves and flirt. But in reality, they do nothing but work. Not for money, that would degrade them to the posi tion of working women, which their pride nnd v.initv cvinld never endnre for a mo nent. "Where means are small, such women do all the housework. They coolr, wash and mend. They are up first in the morning and the last to go to bed. Ill or well, they work, work, work. They are skinflints in enconomizing, they dispute the billof every tradesman, they pick up every pin. They have no amusements, no reading, no conversation, and no visiting. The husband goes to his club or the cafes. He strolls around and gets all the fun he can, but she is a fixture in the house. Only one thing she does, and that is to go to church, where she wiil assume to be a tne lady. Some of the poorer women of the middle class become shopkeepers or book keepers. This relieves them of the menial drudgery, hilt they keep up their vanity ot not being working women, as such class is known in France. They toil and moil and slave themselves to bnild up their children's dowries, so that they can make the ad-.antageous marriages they desire for them. Happiness docs not seem to them to be a word with any meaiine. Position and money are the motives of their lives. Tlnance and Matrimony. Marriages are made for money in France as a rule. Among the peasant class a wife is usually selected for ability to work. Women nave no idle dreams or brilliant fancies. They see the hard side of life from the highest to the lowest. Their com fort and consolation are obtained from their religion and the hope of the life to come. Whatever of faith there is in France is due to the women who "do the piety" for the family. They have great influence over theirhusbands, it is asserted, but they can not induce them to go to confession, though in the country districts, says Simon, they do compel them to go to church. In his essay, this author trys to make it clear that nobody can understand French women but French men, and it is even very hard for the men to do it, but from his labored article, it wonld appear that French women are a good deal like other woman; that apart from their prejudices, their ignorance, their fa'ilts ot education, the hold upon them of slavish superstition, the bulk of them are plain every-day women doing their duty according to tneir ligflt From the middle classes he goes to the working women and presents a rather unattractive picture, not alone as to the women, but the men as welL Judging by this, there will be no hesitation on this side ofthe water in saying that the working-men and women of this country are far above and beyond the French in the matter of moral ity, although he maintains the contrary. "One of the most surprising of his state ments is that the Americans in larger part have about broken np the French salon, and destroyed the comfort and pleasure of the literary men by imposing the formality of American manners npon the society of France. The English, too, have had a hand in this, but he pronounces the Americans as the "larger half." Bessie Bramble. XEEPIHG OLD MEH QTH3T. A Graded Salary Plan That Preserve the Secrets of a Compounder. Boston Globe. Dean Swift in his diary wrote, at the aje of 35, among certain rules to be followed when he got old: "Hot to slip into the gar rulity of old age." A well-known compounder in Cambridge has developed in his laboratories where his goods are prepared a curious race of old men who never tell a secret To enable him to guard the rich secrets of his labora tories he pays his men with salaries that advance pace by pace with the length of service. The result is that the highest paid workman .in his shops is a very old man, who may be seen tottering round with a pail of oatmeal water for the men. The Best Treatment for a Grippe. Bemain quietly at home until all symp toms of the disease disappear, and then when yon go out have the body well clothed and the feet well protected so that they will remain dry and warm. Take Chamberlain's Cough Remedv as directed for a severe cold. If freelv taken as soon as the first symptoms of the disease appear, it will greatly lessen the severity ofthe attack, and its continued use will prevent dangerous consequences, provided, of course, that reasonably good care be taken of the general system and to avoid -exposure. For pain in the chest, which is very apt to appear, saturate a flannel cloth with Chamberlain's Pain Balm and bind it over the seat of pain. It will relieve the pain and pcrhapsiprevent pneumonia. This treatment was followed by many thousands of persons and families" during the winter of 1839 and 1800, and was uni formly successful. It greatly lessened the severity of the attack and prevented pneumonia or other dangerous conse quences. TTSU r U i ( J
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers