-' WB THE PITTSBURG DISPATCH, SHNDAT, AUGUST 16, 1891 15 RESEMBLE-THEJAPS Points About the Great Lower .Class of 3Iexico That Eecall the Orient. THEffi "tfOBKS OF AET. TVouderful Panduro Who Will Make a Stir at Chicago Fair. THE POVERTY OP THE PEOXS. Constantly In Debt, tut They Can Often Change Their Debtors. THEIE WAGES, FOOD AND CLOTI9NG .t"(ipf"" m m fCOEKESrOXDEJiCE OP TOE DISPATCH. Mexico City, Aug. 12. HE bulk of the In dian population of North America is in Mexico. The United States numbers only about 250,000. Me ico has 4,000,000 whose blood has the bluest of aboriginal tints, and her met- wvsT 1 1 tj i xos r pepie wbo l Op KisJrm bave come from the inter-mixture of the whites and the In dians, are 5,000,000 more. There are about 11,000,000 people in Mexico, and 2,000,000 of these are pure white. These" and the metizos govern the country. For them the great mountains vomit forth their silver and gold and this rich soil yields its wonderful harvests. Under them Governments rise and fall, revolutions corns and go. and to them the Mexico of to-day practically belongs. The Indian who originally owned the land is only the silent partner whose name is not on the business sign and who receives none of the proceeds, The Indians of Mex ico are unknown to the world. The term Mexican as it is generally used describes only tne ruling class, and the books that Laie been written about the country have left out the most interesting part of the population. THE MEXICAN INDIAN. The Indians of Mexico are not at all like our savaces. It is a question whether they come of the same race and they look more like the offspring of the Egyptians or the Japanese than of the Mongolians, who are in lace and form much like the Indians of the United States. Mexico is more like the Orient than the Occident. Its common people live in huts like those you see to day on the banks of the Nile and they are ot the same type as those used by their forefathers in the days of the Montezumas. Their dress is not unlike that of the people of India and Egypt and their customs and habits are in manv respects the same. They cultivate the soil in the same way using me same lorKea slice witn one handle for a plough and drhing their oxen with long goads wliile they merely Ecratch the ground with the stick. Their women carry water from the wells in red jars upon their heads as they do in all the Mohammedan countries and the draping of the robosa around the mouth ko tli.it. vnn kpp hnt 1'ttla else than the eyes, mav have come from the eastern custom of veiling the faces of the women. EVIDENCE OF THE APANESE. I see here every day features that make me think of the Japanese, and the skill shown by those Mexican Indians in pottery and art wore indicates that they are of mixed Japanese origin. Some of the pot tery of Guadalajara is beautifully decorated and artistically shaped, and the most lamous of Mexican sculptors has Japanese features. This man's name is Panduro, and he lives at Guadalajara, -which by the way isacitvof 100,000 people situated in the western part of the country, and is the center of art and culture in Mexico. It is the Athens of the the republic, and the finest art works of Mexican make are turned out there. Panduro is a wonder. Ho can take a piece ol black clay and in one sitting of sev eraniourt he will' model for you a bust of tou-wI'" which is a perfect likeness and which wft' not be more than three or four inches high, if you so desire it. I have been in his studio. It is a hut of sunburnt bricks, and he squats cross-legged on the floor jut like a Japanese, and his onlv tools tre his baud-c jnd a little knife much "like a case knife o a putty tnife. He has a lump of clay on a .-oard ih front of him, and he works nwny as he talks, turning out his enough made to start out for a selling trip many of the artists take their packs on then back's and peddle out their wares over the country. I met a basket seller out in the fields near Mexico Citv to-day. He had about CO baskets on his "back, and these the result of a month's work he was bringing into the city to sell. His leather panta loons, were profusely patched, but his white EacK-iiKe snin was as cieau as imiing snow, and the cotton drawers that fell down around his bare brown feet were clean, and in this cleanliness I see another likeness of . the Aztecs to the Japanese. These people take frequent baths and they are always washing their clothes. The poorest peon wears clean white stockings, and I fre quently see both sexes bathing together here as they do modestly and with no thought of shame in Japan. So far I see nothing- about these Indians to" connect them with our savages of the "Western reser vations. They are a different people and they conld never have had the same origin. POOBEST ON THE CONTINENT. As a class these Mexican Indians are per- board and tile. The board roofs are tied on and held down by means of stones placed upon them, and the tiles are fastened with mortar. In few of these Indian huts are nails used, and rope and withes take their place. The cheapest huts of all are thosa of the hot country or of the lowlands along the coast. These are made of cane or poles, which are driven into the ground and tied to cross poles with strings. The poles are of the same length, and to their tops rafters are tied, and on these a thatched roof is fastened in the same way. f!A-V RTP" TWnVk nTTT1! UII'Kl H Sometimes the pole walls are plastered with mudj but generally the poles stand about an inch apart, and you can see all that is going on in the hut through its walls. I saw whole villages of such huts in the State of Vera Cruz, and the Indians who swarmed in and out of them were often half naked. Here there was' plenty of wood, and the cooking was done in the open air. On the plateau much of it was done with char coal, and the fire was kept alive while the food was in it by means of a fan, made of THE CROOKED SPIKE. A Malformation From Which Very Few Can Claim Exemption. THE EVIL STARTS IN BABYHOOD. Stretching Is the Exercise the Healthy Body Most Craves. I iTS:vy jfTiSSSr - f jcTjiC' p Wf Jn mmmssL wmmsmmmmmmmiis ' vwW&$imRsL s A TEON TILLAGE. I AN EXPERT ON PHYSICAL CULTURE. haps the poorest people on this continent. Three hundred years ago they were the richest and Montezuma gave Cortes plates of gold and silver as big as wagon wheels and these people made his soldiers spurs of gold for their horses. Since then they have been the slaves of their conquerors. They have been oppressed and beaten and worked for generations, ahd it is only within a few years that they have had the chance to bo anything else. As they are to-day hun dreds of thousands of them are hopelessly in debt, and are as much debt slaves as aro the debtors of Siam. Millions of them live from hand to mouth and only the fewest have what the Ameri can negro oi the South would consider a competency. Peonage or debt slavery was abolished in Mexico in 1873, but in practice it still prevails. These Indians, many of tnem, are nonorauie ana ail oi tnem are great lovers of home and the locality in which they live. The huts which they oc cupy on the farms of their master-creditors have been the homes of their families for fenerations, and though they are not bound y law to work out their debts, they do so and incur others, so that they keep them selves and their families in bondage for years" to come. don't want to get ahead. They have no hesitancy about going again into debt when once free, and Americans who are trying to farm here on our methods rushes, which the women moved vigorously to and fro during the operation. Both on the plateau and in the hot country I saw many huts which had several roo'ms, and the homes of the better classes of the poor had now and then a table and a chair. In the cities I find the majority of the poorliving in tenement houses, and here in Mexico City there are streets where the people fairly swarm, and where whole fami lies and several of them are crowded at night in one damp, ill-smelling room, with nothing but this foulest of sewerage-laden ground to sleep upon. On the outskirts of the city you may see the homes of tho squatters made of all kinds of refuse ma terials, from tin cans to storeboxes and sun dried bricks, and some of the huts are so low that the people have to get down on all fours to get into them. Such places are oc- COEKESrOKDEJTCE Or TICS DISPATCH- New Yobk, Aug. IB. The very newest thing in pbysioulture is the spine curve and how to correct it; lor prevented absolutely it cannot be, it seems, without almost a rev olution in our meth ods of life. The straighter the spine, the heal thicr tho man ; this is the newest principle announced by Edwin Checkley, who is the strongest men of his weight in the world, and un questioningly reaf firmed by all those experts in the per fection of the human A7 T A German Turner. ukf SSL mjmamw A. Basket Peddler. Tanduro, the Sculptor. wonderful photograph's in clay. He made a remarkable statuette of Emma Juch, the ac trciSj -lie:i she was here, and his types of Mexican life fairly speak and act. a featuee or the taie. He will, I am told, go to the Chicago Ex position, and if he docs, I predict for him that his fame will be international. I speak of him here, however, oi a tvpe of a class of the Mexican Indians. He has the features of a Japanese, and the photograph which I took of him would not be out of place in any collection of picture; rom Japan. The s'miUrity of the Mexican and Japa nese art is found in other articles as well. The Indians of the semi-savage tribes of the "Western parts of the country make lac quered tables and bowls which are both bVautifal and artistic. They paint these with roses and other flowers, and their lac quer will Mand water, and though not like the wonde rfsJ work of the Japanese it may have come from the same origin. The Japa nese are fond of flowers and these Indians have a tiu'ilar taste for them. The Japanese basket work is noted, and here you find the finest of baskets of all kinds, made of many colors and most ingeniously put together. In their love foichildrcn the two peoples are alike, and I see babies carried about here on th backs of their mothers and sisters just as yon will see ihtm in Japan. I ee them also taimed as you will see them in India, and I note that the numbers of tovs for children are as numy m Mexico as they are in Japan. rEESCOINO AS IN rTAI-T. These Mexican Indians do wonders in frescoing. All the houses of the better classes a-e lrcscoed instead of being pa pered, and a Mexican plasterer at 50 cents a day will turn out effects that would do citdit to Italy. They have all the care and honesty in their work of the true Japanese rrtist and will labor for weeks on a wax figure to produce a certain effect, and they make the wonderful pictures out of feathers that surprised the Spaniards under Cortes, nnd 3-cu ian buy these same pictures or have them made to order here in Mexico City to Jay. They work like the Japanese, each,in his own little dwelling, and ihen thev have tell me it is almost impossible to keep their men without they are their debtors. They never get anything ahead, and when they want to get married they usually borrow enough to pay the priests and the'fees and get the wedding outfit, and this makes them debtors for years. Their employers pay them so much in food and wages each day, reserving a small amount out of each month's wages to go toward the debt, and as their wages ranee in different localities from about 18 to 50 cents a day, it will be seen that there is little hope for their sup- Sorting their families and paying their ebts. In some parts of Mexico boys get G cents a day, and in others the average farm wages is 19 cents per diem. On the Mexican plateau the wages range from 18 to 23 cents, and along the lines of railroad where track layers and construction companies have Eaid more, they have become considerably igher. On the farms these Mexican In dians work right along for these wages. They lay off only for Sundays and feast days, and they appear to be industrious, quiet, subservient and good laborers. CHOOSE THEIE OWN MASTEES. Even if they are in debt they can change their masters by saying that they wish to leave and by getting a new master to as sume their debt and take them. In such a case a new contract is entered into and the Indian stays with his new master till he gets dissatisfied and gets another master to pay ms debts and to take him in. This debt slavery exists in other branches of in dustry as well as fanning. Factories have their peons and mines have their debt tlavcs. The company store exists here a3 it docs in the mining and manufacturing regions oi me unnea states ana tne peons get deeper and deeper in debt as they livo on. The Mexican, however spends but little upon himself or his house. The houses of the poor are huts or hovels differing accord ing to .the locality. On the Mexican Slateau, where there is little wood, the In iaut. live in low, square, one-storv huts of suu-diicd brick, often Constructed without windows. These hovels are like great mud boxes. They have flat roofs, no chimneys or fire-places, and the door of each hut is of roughly made boards and so low that the men and women of the family have to stoop in entering it. Most of these huts have but one room. The family sleep on the floor on mats and there are neither tables or chairs. The cooking is done over a fire built out of doors or in a corner of the hut and tho cooking utensils are of burnt clay and not of iron or copper. BUILD THEIE OWN HOVELS. It costs but a few dollars to build such a hovel, and the average Indian can build his own house. If ear -the towns these huts are in collections of alozen or so, making sub urbs or villages of mud, and on the haci- enuas tney are olten inside the wall sur rounding the adobe buildings where their masters live, or they are built close to the wall on the outside. Along the railroad you often see them made of discarded rail road tics, the ties being set on end and form ing the walls of the hut, while aithatch of cactus or other leaves makes the roof. If youwill remember the average length of the railroad tie you will know the heighth of the Mexican railroad hut In iho rainy regions of Mexico, where tho water.comes down in showers every after noon fortseveral months of the year, the huts are built with ridge roofs, and in the valley of Mexico and amid tho picturesque mountains along the line of the Mexican National IUilroad, you see roofs made of they constitute what mizht be called tho residences of the five-points element of the capital THEIR DKESS AND FOOD. The Mexican Indians ar3 not the blanket savages of our "Western territories They do not cut the seats out of their pantaloous before they wear them as our Indians do. They are in fact as cleanly and particular about their clothes as any people in similar circumstances the world over. The poorest man has his white shirt nd white-legged pantaloons, and the Indian girl weara a white chemise and a skirt. She has, it is true, not the corset, the hip-pads or the bustle of our advanced civilization, and the covering of her long black hair is only a siieii as costly as tier meager purse can buy, still she looks neat and tidy in her simple raiment and when young she has atraignt ness and roundness of form and feature, which many of our belles might envy. The feet of both sexes are bare and are half clad in sandals made of two pieces of sole leather about the size of the bottom of your foot one bound on the top and the other on the sole of the foot when worn. These sandals cost about 25 cents a pair, and you could dress an Indian woman so that she would Jook respectabls here for 2.50: It would1 cost considerably more to fit out the man, and the clothes of a Mexi can Peon are one of the big items of tho family. His blanket or scrape, which he wraps picturesquely about his shoulders and which he wears when not working both day and night, costs all the way from 52 as high as he can afford to go. I bave seen some worth fCO, but these were band-made and very fine. HIS HAT IS TJSTJALLTr COSTLY. His hat, broad-brimmed and of straw or felt may cost less than a dollar or it may cost fifty, and his pantaloons or coat a like amount If, however, he is the ordinary Indian he will confine himself to a cheap serape and his cottons, and he will march around under his big straw hat with all the airs of the brigand of the stage. Neither he nor his wife will wear underclothing, and they will sleep at night in the same out fit that they wear during the day. The cost of their food will not be propor tionately greater than the cost of their clothing. Three-fourths of Mexico lives al most entirely on black beans and cakes made of Indian corn, and the frijoles and the tortillas sauced with red pepper mako up the diet of the Mexican Indians. Baking tortillas forms the chief occupation of the Mexican housewife. Every woman is her own miller and oook. A rough, flat stone a foot wide and IS inches long is her mill, and she soaks the grains of corn in lime r Iralitr A. Peon FamUy. water till they are soft and then rubs them on this stone with another rotind stone like the whetstone you use in sharpening a scythe until she gets them into a paste. She pats this out like a a griddle cake and cooks it before the open fire. It is by no means bad eating, and with a sauce of red pepper it flows down the great Mexican throat by the millions per diem. As to the frijoles or black beans they are sweeter and better than the baked beans of Boston, and the better classes of Indians have many dishes, which are both cheap and good. There are, it is said, a hundred different dialects in use among them to-day, and though the most of them speak Spanish nearly all speak their own language as well. They are people of more than ordinary cul ture, great lovers of music, easily governed and very polite. They exhibit great love, toward each other and in their families, and the question as tD their future is one of the questions of the Mexico of to-day. They have produced many good men. President Juarez, one of the greatest men of Mexico's past, was a pure Indian. President Diaz has Indian blood in his veins, the Mexican Congress contains a number of pure Indians and the great Mexico of the future is bound to be greatly influenced by its Aztec blood. Fbank G. Cabpentee. frame to whose attention it has been brought home. In all the gymnasia and athletic clubs you hear people talking of "the S curve of the spine and how to correet it." Checkley himself made, for use in this article, the drawings reproduced on a very small scale from life herein. "The human spine is al ways curved," Checkley declares, "and this curvature is caused by the incorrectness of the position of the body in infancy, when we learn 10 waiK ana run. rr can be cokrected. "It is, however, by no means a necessary evil, although it is a very serious one. It can and ought to be corrected. If nature intended a man's spine to be curved, sho would have made this curvature at least uniform enough to enable the student to strike an average. But I maintain a3 a re sult of investigation recently made by me, now first announced, that in 1,000 men, say of a uniform height of 5 feet 6 inches and of a uniform weight, you will find on close examination no two spines as nearly alike even as the two corresponding faces. lo obtain these measurements 1 nave used a machine of my own invention. It is a simple application of a straight ruler to a wheel upon which it is made to revolve. To obtain from it an exact reproduction of the curvature of any individual's spine, I run this wheel up and down the backbone and trace out its outline from the base of the brain to the sacrum or base of the spine. The outlines reproduced in this article are from measurements taken by me a few days ago ot tne spines respectively of a well known member of the New York Athletic Club, one of the Manhattan Athletic Club, a splendidly proportioned German turner and my own. HOW THE SPINE IS CXTEVED. "This uniform but absolutely variable curvature of the spine is caused by the re laxation ot tne muscles of the body, the weight of which is thus allowed to sink out of healthful and proper position,drag ging down the spine with it. Now, if instead of this relaxation of the musrles, they were kept habitually tense and I will explain just how tense in a few moments as they are in infancy, the result would bo a straight andTnol a curved spine. "Tension of the mus cles in an untrained adult is diagnosed by medical men and recognized by physical experts as a sign of nervousness. But the person in whom tenseness Member 3Z A. C. of muscle warrants such an inference would, if trained from infancy to hold himself erect and walk properly, have acquired without effort, and, indeed, unconsciously, a natural and agreeable and healthful tenseness of muscle. Thusj indeed, the muscles would have been trained by simple will power to support the body and keep the spino straight. And by tension of muscle here I do not mean rigity; but, on the contrary, an easy flexibility. "The following simple directions, If con scientiously followed, will in a short time enable any one to restore the snine. almost if not quite, to its perpendicular position: TO COEEECT THE CUEVATUEE. "Turn the pelvis back and then draw the head back and lift it up. Maintain the face at right angles to the floor and walk as long as convenient with a motion altogether from the hip joints, and not from the waist or the knees. Pursuit of this advice regu larly for a few minutes morning and even ing will in a wonderfully short time prove of the most marked benefit "Let any man, however devoted to physi cal exercise he may be, satisfy himself of the almost universal prevalence of this re markable physical malformation by taking a three-foot ruler and laying it along the spine, outer clothing having of course been removed. The effort to keep the spine in contact with this ruler simultaneously throughout its length will be so great as at once to convince the most incredulous of what I say. Of course, one must breaths and walk in that position. All movement is an expenditure of energy, and every ex penditure of enery is exercise, whether made for pleasure or for work or in the definite pursuit of some ultimate object other than pleasure. ENDURANCE OP THE CLASSES. to expand t their fullest the muscles of the shoulders and chest or to be pliable instead of tense. Most people carry their should ers up and maintain such a tenseness of the shoulder and chest muscles as absolutely prevents the muscles ever expanding to their normal limit. As by this means the free natural motion of the lunges is pre vented, nature allows us, by using the ab dominal muscles, to take into the system air enough to enable us to exist for I can't de scribe as living the wretched condition of that man whose abdominal muscles are ex panded when he breathes his lungs full of air. "If the excercising of the unused mus cles is necessary to keep the body healthy, and strong and agile, every movemant now popularly supposed to constitute 'exercise' should be abandoned, since there is no movement in all our daily lives which doesn't, force four times as much work upon the flexors as upon the extensor muscles. STEETCHINO THE BEST EXERCISE. "Stretching is the kind of exercise that most of our muscles need and which thev seldom get Youwifl see a man in the morning after a long night's sleep 'stretch ing' himself, that is giving to the exten Bor muscles the ex ercise which they crave and seldom get. My advice for exer oiso is, work the ex tensors. Eor this purpose there is no machine made except a trapeze or horizon tal bar which will Cheekletft Spina. accomplish the pur pose. "One of the very best ways in the world to excercise is to lie down and stretch your self out. Excercise in any other way, such as rowing, boating, riding and the like, should be looked upon as a means of enjoy ment, a method of relaxing the mind and so indirectly exercising the body, rather than as a useful exercise per sc. "The whole gist of the true theory is in a nutshell. Make your brain excercise your muscle." J. P. B. A A GEM IN THE BOUGH. The Career of James W. Nesmith as an Official at Washington. HADN'T YEET MUCH BOOK LARNIK'. Ho Went to the Capital Hnch as Sockless Jerry Simpson Goes, BUT CAME AWAY A GREAT MAN 40 -r M0DEBN STJBOESY. People Can Lire Minns a X.nng, or Almost Any Other Organ. Youth's Companion. The extent to which the body can be mutilated without a fatal result is beyond WJUri'lElT Toil THE DtSFATCB. Ncsmith was an instance of how "extreme! meet" sometimes in this world. He was born in Maine and "elected a Senator of the United States from Oregon, and subsequently elected to the House. Nesmith was not a men of much "book larnin'" and was in debted more to nature than to schools for th qualities that enabled him to win success in life, and I think could have well adopted the sentiments of Burns and made them his own, if he ever could be induced to adopt anybody's sentiments, which is more than doubtful. What's a th Jargon o' your schools Your Latin names for horns and stools! If honest nature mado you fools What salr's your grammars? Tou'de better a'raen up spades pnd schools urfinappin hammers. He had got an education that sufficed for his purposes by rough contact with the world; had hardened brawn and brain in the rough and tumble of life, and had gone to school principally to the wood3, the waters, and the stars, and had learned more from wild beasts and wild men, perhaps, thin from books. He was, in a word, a self taught and self-made man and had every reason to be proud of his workmanship. HE MADE HIS OWN STOEIES. He possessed but little fancy, and less of romance, and had his own opinion about "the noble red man," which was not par ticularly flattering to said red man. For dry wit and humor be was unequalcd, and possessed, like Lincoln, a fund of anecdotes, which he probably concocted in his own brain, as nobody had ever heard of them until Nesmith told them. And yet no one would have ever taken him for a wit, for AN AMERICAN SERIAL STORY. WBITTEN FOB THE DISPATCH jB"3T CTTJLES TBEB. what most people think. Of course, the re- !T0Ula na7e CJ" laKen mm lor a wt.,w movalof thPe Lgest limb is a familiar fact; rltoyYST, imperturbable, and his jokes never brought -Lb I o and, indeed, the successive removal of all the limbs would result in nothing worse than inconvenience. But in the same way internal organs may be extirpated. This is facilitated by their duality. One eye may be taken out. and the sicht remain practically unimpaired. One kidney may be removed, and the other will make up the loss by doing double work. The case is essentially the same when disease) has destroj-ed the functional activity of a kid ney; and, therefore, a person in that con dition need not be without hope. In like manner, disease may have ren dered one lung solid, like liver, and thus functionally useless, and yet the person may live in good health to old age. Could the half-consumed lung of the consumptive only heal up the walls of its great ulcer, and the microbes cease to extend their ravages, the patient might, with care, enjoy a long, useful and happy life. Large portions of tne brain may be re moved with no injury to life" or intellect Persons have lived for years, and have been well with bullets in their brain. The liver has been cut in two by tight lacing the pressure causing an atrophy of the part be low without ending either the life or the folly of the fashionable devotee. A portion of the intestines has been cut out and the severed ends sewed together, and their normal action and function have not been in the least interfered with. And what seems more amazing, dogs have had theirentire stomachs extirpated without impairing digestion. Recently a man, 57 years old, had a large portion of his stomach cut out in conse- ?uence of a tumor. The piece was nearly a oot square. The dissevered parts were sewed together, and the patient ate a dinner of hash 12 days after the operation, and was dismissed cured at the end of three weeks. Eive months later he was presented before the medical society the JJoyal Society of Physicians of Vienna wholly well, with no trace of the return of-the cancerous disease, and with digestion perfectly performed. Some experts are led to think that the stomach plays but a secondary part as a digestive organ, its chief service, according to this view, being thit of a temporary re ceptacle. TEE SCOTLAND TABD. Evidently Loved on Sight. A letter that has reached the Dead Letter Office is addressed as follows: "Postmaster: Please deliver-ibis to the young lady living in the first house beyond the stocking fac tory, who wears a black dress and sacaue. with a white straw hat and brown trim mings. Now don't make a mistake!" i "The question, it seems to me, is exceed ingly natural: Why isn't a laborer, a longshoreman for example, an Apollo Bel vedere in figure instead of being, as he gen erally is, a rough and clumsy fellow? Why isn't the constant exertion which he makes for at least eight hours a day calculated to develop his body toward physical perfec tion? Why is it, as a matter of fact, that his only advantage over his wealthier brethren in the brotherhood of humanity brethren who never do a stroke of work, for example, and perhaps never exercise, that he can ea and assimilate food which they would not put before a dog? "The laborer in the trenches cannot, as experience shows, endure more of a physical strain than can the high liver, suddenly forced out to some extraordinary exer tion. This was recog nized as long ago as during the War of the Rebellion, when regiments of city bred youths made long forced marches, in much better shape than regiments of country lads who had been accustomed to following the plow all their lives. Now mark this: ow long would any working man live and keep his health and power of 'achievement were he to eat 15-course dinners and drink three bottles of wine with them? This is exer cise of the severest descriptionj and the city man who is accustomed to it stands the strain without a murmur and comes up tho next morning as fresh as a daisy. BBEAIHINO WITH THE ABDOMEN, 'he onlv xorv in dAvelnn tha lnnps id to 1 inhale fresh air into them and permit them How the Chief London Police Offlce Gained Its Peculiar Name. Epare Moments. The late chief office of the police force is said to have derived its name of "Scotland Yard" from the fact of its being the site of a palace in which the Kings of Scotland were received when they came to England. Tho Saxon King Edgar granted this portion of land to the south of Charing-cross to Kenneth TTT., King of Scotland in 959, and here the latter lived when he- came to do homage to the English Crown. The palace reared on this spot was for a long time the town house, so to speak, of the Kings of Scotland, its last inhabitant being Margaret Queen of Scots, who visited Lon don after the death of her husband at the battle of Flodden Eield. The palace after this became neglected, and durin" the reign of Elizabeth its existence as a palace term inated, and Government officials then be came its inhabitants. Here the bard of "Paradise Lost" lived 'while occupying the position of Secretary to Oliver Cromwell, then Protector, and here Beau Fielding, Inigo Jones and Sir John Denham, of Cooper's Hill notoriety, lived and died. At the beginning of the present century the palace court was held in Scotland Yard. When that came to an end nobody paid much attention to the place until Sir Robert Peel; in 1829, estab lished tho present metropolitan police force, the headquarters of which were fixed there. the ghost of a smile to his own countenance. On one occasion, going over to the Con gressional Hotel to "consult Barclay's Di gest," which was a Congressional name for it, in company with Eldridge and somo other members, one of the party was con- fraiuiaung .manage on a recent speecn He ad made in the House, and remarked: "By thunder, Eldridge, that speech would make you President if" you hadn't taken the back salary grab. "Well," said Nesmith, quick as thought, 'I'd rather have his back salary than his chance for being President." HIS COMPLIMENTS TO THE SENATE. It is related of him that he created some thing of a sensation on his first appearance in the Senate by his backwoods' style and appearance, and after he had been there for some time a benator asicea mm: "JSesmith, what astonished you most on your first ap pearance here?" "Why, " said he, "the thing that astonished me most was how in the world I ever suc ceeded in getting into such an august body as the United States Senate, but, alter I hacl been here for some time, my wonder was how the deuce the rest of you fellows ever got here." On the occasion of the memorable dead lock in the House over the passage of the civil rights bill, when the House sat in con tinuous session two days and two nights, it became necessary for the Democracy, on ac count of the comparative paucity of their number, to adopt some regulations to keep enough of them always present and awoke to prevent the passage of the bill, and Nesmhh, was unanimously elected general oi uie uemocrauo lorces ana invested witn autocratic power to enforce discipline. He immediately organized his force under strict military despotism, appointed a num ber of aid-de-camps and scouts to skirmish about the outskirts and cloakrooms and wake up the sleepers when their names were called, and suffered no man to leave the hall without his permission. The ex cuses given by members who "wanted to go out" were constant provocatives of mirth and laughter and 'served greatly to relieve the dreary monotony of the proceedings. CHAPTER XTX. OKTTINO BEADY FOE THE STAET. Thcre was a gleam of hopefulness in Molly's dark eyes and a strange joy in her heart as she alighted from the carriage which had taken her from the wharf to her hotel in King William street, Adelaide. It was the 26th day of Angust, only one month since she bad left San Francisco, but it al most seemed as if a year had rounded up since leaving home, so many strange faces had confronted her, so many strange voices had sounded in her ears one almost from the other world, faint, hollow and indis tinct, while another full of warmth, tender ness and buoyancy seemed always to have been with her, so strangely familiar did it sound, such a fondness was there in its accents. Godfrey had not been near Molly when she left the steamer, but she was quite certain that it was stern duty alone that kept him away from that end of tho steamer. Zach walked by her sido so like a across hl a hunting- one side. A rifle .was slung shoulder and n revolver and knife suspended from his belt. He rather timidly asked to see Mrs. Allaire, and tha man thinking him to be some memberof tho expedition sent with a message from Farina Town, where the leaders of the search party were engaged in completing their final preparations, at once conducted him to Molly's rooms. As he stepped into her presence it required a second glance to rec ognize the sailor lad, such a complete meta morphosis had his hunting costume effected in his appearance. He seemed so much taller, so much older. Tha boy of 15 had suddenly become a man. Molly stood, half dazed, with hergaz riveted on the handsome youth, and snch a tumultuous rush of thought oppressed her mind as to rob her for a moment of tha power of speech. Godfrey took her silence to mean disapproval and stammered out: "Dear lady, don't be anry with inc. I could not bear to let you go alone " The stern-visaged Zach was not standing there watching her; he was not present to frown at what he deemed a deplorabla TOTTND AT IAST. DEESS EEF0SM IN VIENNA. A7 Ip Member 2V. T. A. C. The Male Creative There Talking of Mak ing Trailing Gowns Illegal. New York Tlmes.l It may interest the leaders and partici pants in the dress-reform crusade to know that the men in Vienna are on the point of taking sides for them, at least in a limited degree. The authorities over there have become so concerned over the threatened injury to public health by the trailing gowns of the Viennese women that they are considering the making of a police reg ulation to establish the proper length of a skirt This reads well on paper, but its carrying out would offer almost as great dif ficulty as the famous project to "bell the cat." It ib all very well to announce that gowns shall be so long and no longer, but what policeman will' be bold enough to stop women and request them to kindly permit him to measure their skirts? THE VETERANS ABE HARDY. If Statistics Are Correct the Grand Army Death Bate Is Very low. Boston Herald.J Considering the age and infirmities of the members of the Grand Army of the Repub lic, the deaths in their ranks are not so numerous as it might be expected they would be. A roll of 5,530 deaths, in a year out of a total membership of 444.307 is ouly about one-half the annual death-rate of Boston, where, with a population of 448,000, there were 10,181 deaths last year. It seems incredible that the Grand Army death statistics can be anywhere near cor rect, though there U no apparent reason why theyshonld not be at least approxi mately so. HIS STYLE OIT OEATOBY. He had something of Lincoln's felicity of expression, remarkable in both because of the want of a finished education. A good illustration of this was exhibited in a eulogy which he pronounced in the House on Sen ator Sumner. He said: What was fanaticism In others appeared from his cultivated, hia;h position as patriot Ism, and although a sort of John Biown, he threw about his efforts such a charm of learning, suon graces of rhetoric, that it seems a wrong to class him with tha coarse fanatic who molded into bullets the words the orator uttered in the Senate. John Brown was Charles Sumner reduced to prac tical action, and both represented the rock ribbed land where duty takes the placo of impulse, -reo.es nam ner victories no less renowned than war," and tho man who, by persistent direction of peaceful agencies, converts a nation of politicians to his views is as much entitled to a triumphal arch as the mere soldier who, by the unreasoning power of brute force, completes his victory with the sword and points to tho hecatomb of tho slain as his passport to power. In a speech defending some of his white constituents who had slaughtered some of their red brethren for outrages committed by them, ho said, in reply to Shanks: Retaliation is a law of our nature. Eup- Sosing some Indian should raise the am rosial locks of tho gentleman from Indiana to ornament a lodge pole, and his father, brother or son should seek revenge, who would complaint SOME OP HIS SATIRE. On an item appropriating money for the support of horses and repairs to carriages for the Department of Justice, of which AVill iams was then the head, he said: This constituent of mine Is the only one who indulges in this gorgeous, Oriental splendor of ridinpr in a $1,000 landaulet. Why. sir, lawyers in my State of this caliber ndo upon the outside or a $53 mule and think they are doine well at that, but there is a Spanish proverb "Put a beggar on horse back and lie will ride to the devil." I hnvo no objection to the termination of this direc tion, hut I do not want the people to pay for the transportation. His account of his difficulties in getting to see Simon Cameron, Secretary of War, was intensely amusing. Nesmith was unac quainted with the ways of the departments on his arrival in Washington in 1861. He called several times at the War Depart ment only to be told by Cameron's door keeper, who did not know that Nesmith was a Senator, that the Secretary was busy and could not be seen. Tiring of it at last he determined to force his way in, when the doorkeeper grabbed him roughly by the coat collar to stop his intrusion. Nesmith hit him a blow under the jaw that knocked him flat, and when he got into the Secre tary's presence, said: ''Cameron. I have been tryinc to cet to see you for a week, but there was a icllow j at the door would nt let me in, and X had to knock him down." "Oh," said Cameron, "he did not know who you were," and then calling the door keeper, told him that Senator Nesmithinust be admitted at all times without hindrance. Clinton Lloyd. Copyrighted, 1891, by the author. The Earth TT1U Drink Anything. Marlboro Enterpriser Some one dropped a case of lager near the Ktchburg station one day recently, with the result of serious damage to the bottles. There was plenty of moisture in the road for a moments but the earth proved to be I able to take it in. stern and incorruptible guardian that she only dared to give a timid glance about her. Still she knew the sailor lad was in safe hands and deemed it best not to alarm the honest Zach at that moment by any show of weakness. A tremendous task was awaiting her and it behooved her to give an earnest of her ability to face and accomplish it, if she expected to inspire others with her courage. Thanks to the hearty co-operation of the Government, 30 picked men, well armed" and well mounted, some of them half-breeds and speakinc the dialect of the natives. were soon enrolled for the expedition. Mrs. Allaire contracted to pay them high wages with a bounty of several hundred pounds upon their return, no matter what tne out come of the expedition might be. The men. wero to be under the command of Tom Marks, an old and experienced officer of the provincial police, with Zach French for his lieutenant, but above Tom Marks, above Zach, above everyone, came Mrs. John Allaire, the veritable head as well as the actual heart and soul of the expedition. It was agreed that the expedition should rendezvous at Farina Town, the terminus of the Adelaide Railway, where Mrs. Allaire was to join it a day or so before the start which was to take place some day in the second week of September. Several pleasant interviews took place between the Gover nor General and Mrs. Allaire. The former thought himself in duty bound to set fully forth to that lady the dangers, the difficul ties and even the slight hope of suc cess awaiting such an expedition as the one she was abcut to set on foot and which to make successful 6hehad already scattered her money with a lavish hand. Everything was to be done to gain and preserve the good will of the savages through whose domain they were to pass. Valuable pres ents were to be bestowed upon the chiefs and their head men. "I shall hesitate at nothing, your Excel lency, I shall shrink from no sacrifice!" ex claimed Mrs. Allaire. "What your in trepid pathfinders accomplished in the in terest of civilization and science I shall do to rescue my husband, who, to-day, is the sole survivor of the crew of the Dread naught, Since the day he sailed from San Diego, with all the world against me, I have persisted in my belief that he was alive. Now we know that he is. Now all that is needed to reach him and take him from the hands of his savage captors is de votion to the noble task we have set our selves. Onr motto is 'No Step Backward,' and with God's help we shall bring Captain John Allaire home with us!'' The moment that stern but honest keeper was away from Molly's side her thoughts reverted to the sailor lad who had taken such a strong hold of her heart. She had been careful not to breathe to Zach the fact of her failure to open tho package delivered to her by the old seaman, or to confess to him her lack of courage to do so. Why should she long to ring the death knell to the first happiness that had come to her after so many years of sorrow? Of one thing she was thoroughly convinced, how ever, no matter to whom the boy belonged, he was no ordinary child; his innate graca and gentleness, his instinctive refine ment proved this, to say nothing of his nandsome, high-bred features and 'honest wide-opened eyes. Molly was firmly resolved not to give nim up. What sun shine and joy would he not bring t their home when once the full gentleness and no bility of his character had been brought out by their love and watchful care? How could John help loving such a frank, manly sailor lad? Yes, Godfrey would take Walter's place in that father's heart, he would help John to bear the awful loss which awaited him on his return home to San Diego. Molly's mind was fully made up. In spite of the scowl which she knew only too well would wrinkle the brow of honest Zach French when he heard of it, she was re solved to adopt Godfrey as her son, as John's and her son, educate him as suoh and surround him with all the luxury and refinement which her great wealth justified. When evening came she sat down and wrote a few lines to the Captain of the Brisbane, requesting him to send the sailor lad to her in the morning. Summoning a servant she placed the letter in his hand and directed him to take it nt onco to the Captain's hotcL The man turned away and had reached the'Street door when he was ac costed by a tall youth dressed in the picturesque costume of the Australian trapper, a corduroy smock frock belted at the waist, trunks of the same material, leather leggins and a broad brimmed Jelt hat -turned gracefully up on weakness at such a time when all her strength of mind and body were needed to crown their labors with glorious triumph. No, she was alone with the boy, who had in so mysterious a manner roused all the mother's love, crushed, suppressed, dormant for so many years. She was ire to act out her own, tender, loving, impulsive self, and with a loud cry of joy she sprung forward and caught Godfrey in her anas, and with the kisses she rained upon hint came a hundred pet names which she had not dared to utter in Zach's presence. And now, too, these almost man's arms for tho first time dared to clasp that form, so long beloved, nay, adored by the waif of tha Walter Home. "Mother, mother," pleaded Godfrey, "don't leave me behind, take me with you. I'm big enough and old enough to protect you. I love you better than all the others put together. I'll fight foryou, dieforyou, if need be. Oh, let me go with you, mother, let me help find Captain John. "Yes,- yes; come with me, my darling child," cried Molly, besideherself with joy. "Be ever by my side, just as my own WalS would have done were he alivo nowl God hath sent you to me to fill his place. I can not close my arms against you, and remem ber when Captain John is found you are to be no longer Godfrey, but Walter; you ara to meet him as you met me to-night and to call him father "as you did me mother. Ha must not know that you are not the child we lost in the dark waters of the bay. Such news might end his life, weakened as ha must be by want and privation." "It shall be as you sav, mother," cried Godfrey. "Trust me, I!Il be so good to Captain John that possibly he too may learn to like me, yes, love me in the end." OHAPTEEXX INTO THE rtEAET Off THE CONTINENTS With a heart almost oppressed by the jo that had come upon it so unexpectedly, Mrs. Allaire, with Godfrey by her side, took her seat in a special train that wa3 to carry her to Farina Townt where her arrival was now impatiently awaited by Tom Marks and Zach French. She was also accompanied by an intelligent half-breed woman, Harriet by name, herself a child of the wilderness, strong, fearless and a skillful rider, who was) to perform the duties of serving woman to the captain's wife. The train made fetr stops, only such in fact &3 became neces3ar to renew the supplies of wood and water. After leaving Adelaide the first halt was made at Cawler, which was reached after Beveral hours' run through a district broken by deep forges and narrow valleys, varied at times y interminable forests of the eucalyptus. As the farms and settlements were left far behind and the country began to take oa that wild and desolate aspect so character istio of many portions of the Australian continent, Mrs. Allaire's eyes gradually filled with that deep, earnest look which had been peculiar to them for many years. Sha was about to put tortn tne strength ot her wonderful willpower for the last time. If she tailed now, it would be necessary to bow to the decrees of heaven and give over a search which, while it had until now com manded the admiration of the world, would, if pushed any further, be in the judgment of her fellow creatures either the wild whim of an eccentric mind or the foolish, purpose of a disordered intellect. From tha windows of her railwoy carriage the cap. tain's wife, with that calm certainty and placid satisfaction of one journeying to meet a beloved relative returning from a distant voyage, whiled away the long hours bv examining the strange land through , which she was being transported at almost lightning speed. This was the Australia which had been so justly called the "Land of Paradoxes," tha center of which was one vast basin below the ocean level, whose streams, bursting up through the sandy plains, were gradually absorbed before reaching the sea a land in which the air, like the soil, is lacking in humidity, in which "the strangest of earthly animals are found, and in which savaga tribe, pure nomads, furnish types of tha lowest degree of human intelligence. Away to the north and to tha west stretched those interminable deserts of Alexandra Land and Western Australia the very center of which the expedition was intended to pierce in search of the sola survivor of the wreck of the DreadnaughL What would there be to guide these in trepid searchers when once the extreme outer line of hamlet and isolated ranch had been passed and nothing remained bat tha 4 4 j&Kir- 'M&4.i -W-V . ,.
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