-' WB
THE PITTSBURG DISPATCH, SHNDAT, AUGUST 16, 1891
15
RESEMBLE-THEJAPS
Points About the Great Lower
.Class of 3Iexico That
Eecall the Orient.
THEffi "tfOBKS OF AET.
TVouderful Panduro Who Will Make
a Stir at Chicago Fair.
THE POVERTY OP THE PEOXS.
Constantly In Debt, tut They Can Often
Change Their Debtors.
THEIE WAGES, FOOD AND CLOTI9NG
.t"(ipf""
m
m
fCOEKESrOXDEJiCE OP TOE DISPATCH.
Mexico City, Aug. 12.
HE bulk of the In
dian population of
North America is in
Mexico. The United
States numbers only
about 250,000. Me
ico has 4,000,000
whose blood has the
bluest of aboriginal
tints, and her met-
wvsT 1 1 tj i xos r pepie wbo
l Op KisJrm bave come from the
inter-mixture of the
whites and the In
dians, are 5,000,000
more. There are about 11,000,000 people in
Mexico, and 2,000,000 of these are pure
white. These" and the metizos govern the
country. For them the great mountains
vomit forth their silver and gold and this
rich soil yields its wonderful harvests.
Under them Governments rise and fall,
revolutions corns and go. and to them the
Mexico of to-day practically belongs.
The Indian who originally owned the
land is only the silent partner whose name
is not on the business sign and who receives
none of the proceeds, The Indians of Mex
ico are unknown to the world. The term
Mexican as it is generally used describes
only tne ruling class, and the books that
Laie been written about the country have
left out the most interesting part of the
population.
THE MEXICAN INDIAN.
The Indians of Mexico are not at all like
our savaces. It is a question whether they
come of the same race and they look more
like the offspring of the Egyptians or the
Japanese than of the Mongolians, who are
in lace and form much like the Indians of
the United States. Mexico is more like the
Orient than the Occident. Its common
people live in huts like those you see to
day on the banks of the Nile and they are
ot the same type as those used by their
forefathers in the days of the Montezumas.
Their dress is not unlike that of the people
of India and Egypt and their customs and
habits are in manv respects the same.
They cultivate the soil in the same way
using me same lorKea slice witn one handle
for a plough and drhing their oxen with
long goads wliile they merely Ecratch the
ground with the stick. Their women carry
water from the wells in red jars upon their
heads as they do in all the Mohammedan
countries and the draping of the robosa
around the mouth ko tli.it. vnn kpp hnt 1'ttla
else than the eyes, mav have come from the
eastern custom of veiling the faces of the
women.
EVIDENCE OF THE APANESE.
I see here every day features that make
me think of the Japanese, and the skill
shown by those Mexican Indians in pottery
and art wore indicates that they are of
mixed Japanese origin. Some of the pot
tery of Guadalajara is beautifully decorated
and artistically shaped, and the most lamous
of Mexican sculptors has Japanese features.
This man's name is Panduro, and he lives at
Guadalajara, -which by the way isacitvof
100,000 people situated in the western part
of the country, and is the center of art and
culture in Mexico. It is the Athens of the
the republic, and the finest art works of
Mexican make are turned out there.
Panduro is a wonder. Ho can take a
piece ol black clay and in one sitting of sev
eraniourt he will' model for you a bust of
tou-wI'" which is a perfect likeness and
which wft' not be more than three or four
inches high, if you so desire it. I have been
in his studio. It is a hut of sunburnt
bricks, and he squats cross-legged on the
floor jut like a Japanese, and his onlv tools
tre his baud-c jnd a little knife much "like a
case knife o a putty tnife. He has a lump
of clay on a .-oard ih front of him, and he
works nwny as he talks, turning out his
enough made to start out for a selling trip
many of the artists take their packs on then
back's and peddle out their wares over the
country. I met a basket seller out in the
fields near Mexico Citv to-day. He had
about CO baskets on his "back, and these the
result of a month's work he was bringing
into the city to sell. His leather panta
loons, were profusely patched, but his white
EacK-iiKe snin was as cieau as imiing snow,
and the cotton drawers that fell down
around his bare brown feet were clean, and
in this cleanliness I see another likeness of .
the Aztecs to the Japanese. These people
take frequent baths and they are always
washing their clothes. The poorest peon
wears clean white stockings, and I fre
quently see both sexes bathing together
here as they do modestly and with no
thought of shame in Japan. So far I see
nothing- about these Indians to" connect
them with our savages of the "Western reser
vations. They are a different people and
they conld never have had the same origin.
POOBEST ON THE CONTINENT.
As a class these Mexican Indians are per-
board and tile. The board roofs are tied on
and held down by means of stones placed
upon them, and the tiles are fastened with
mortar. In few of these Indian huts are
nails used, and rope and withes take their
place. The cheapest huts of all are thosa
of the hot country or of the lowlands along
the coast. These are made of cane or
poles, which are driven into the
ground and tied to cross poles with strings.
The poles are of the same length, and to
their tops rafters are tied, and on these a
thatched roof is fastened in the same way.
f!A-V RTP" TWnVk nTTT1! UII'Kl H
Sometimes the pole walls are plastered
with mudj but generally the poles stand
about an inch apart, and you can see all
that is going on in the hut through its walls.
I saw whole villages of such huts in the
State of Vera Cruz, and the Indians who
swarmed in and out of them were often half
naked. Here there was' plenty of wood, and
the cooking was done in the open air. On
the plateau much of it was done with char
coal, and the fire was kept alive while the
food was in it by means of a fan, made of
THE CROOKED SPIKE.
A Malformation From Which Very
Few Can Claim Exemption.
THE EVIL STARTS IN BABYHOOD.
Stretching Is the Exercise the Healthy
Body Most Craves.
I
iTS:vy jfTiSSSr - f jcTjiC' p
Wf Jn mmmssL wmmsmmmmmmmiis
' vwW&$imRsL s
A TEON TILLAGE.
I
AN EXPERT ON PHYSICAL CULTURE.
haps the poorest people on this continent.
Three hundred years ago they were the
richest and Montezuma gave Cortes plates
of gold and silver as big as wagon wheels
and these people made his soldiers spurs of
gold for their horses. Since then they have
been the slaves of their conquerors. They
have been oppressed and beaten and worked
for generations, ahd it is only within a few
years that they have had the chance to bo
anything else. As they are to-day hun
dreds of thousands of them are hopelessly
in debt, and are as much debt slaves as aro
the debtors of Siam.
Millions of them live from hand to mouth
and only the fewest have what the Ameri
can negro oi the South would consider a
competency. Peonage or debt slavery was
abolished in Mexico in 1873, but in practice
it still prevails. These Indians, many of
tnem, are nonorauie ana ail oi tnem are
great lovers of home and the locality in
which they live. The huts which they oc
cupy on the farms of their master-creditors
have been the homes of their families for
fenerations, and though they are not bound
y law to work out their debts, they do so
and incur others, so that they keep them
selves and their families in bondage for
years" to come.
don't want to get ahead.
They have no hesitancy about going again
into debt when once free, and Americans
who are trying to farm here on our methods
rushes, which the women moved vigorously
to and fro during the operation. Both on
the plateau and in the hot country I saw
many huts which had several roo'ms, and
the homes of the better classes of the poor
had now and then a table and a chair.
In the cities I find the majority of the
poorliving in tenement houses, and here in
Mexico City there are streets where the
people fairly swarm, and where whole fami
lies and several of them are crowded at
night in one damp, ill-smelling room, with
nothing but this foulest of sewerage-laden
ground to sleep upon. On the outskirts of
the city you may see the homes of tho
squatters made of all kinds of refuse ma
terials, from tin cans to storeboxes and sun
dried bricks, and some of the huts are so
low that the people have to get down on all
fours to get into them. Such places are oc-
COEKESrOKDEJTCE Or TICS DISPATCH-
New Yobk, Aug. IB. The very newest
thing in pbysioulture is the spine curve and
how to correct it; lor
prevented absolutely
it cannot be, it seems,
without almost a rev
olution in our meth
ods of life. The
straighter the spine,
the heal thicr tho man ;
this is the newest
principle announced
by Edwin Checkley,
who is the strongest
men of his weight in
the world, and un
questioningly reaf
firmed by all those
experts in the per
fection of the human
A7
T
A German Turner.
ukf SSL
mjmamw
A. Basket Peddler.
Tanduro, the Sculptor.
wonderful photograph's in clay. He made a
remarkable statuette of Emma Juch, the ac
trciSj -lie:i she was here, and his types of
Mexican life fairly speak and act.
a featuee or the taie.
He will, I am told, go to the Chicago Ex
position, and if he docs, I predict for him
that his fame will be international. I speak
of him here, however, oi a tvpe of a class of
the Mexican Indians. He has the features
of a Japanese, and the photograph which I
took of him would not be out of place in any
collection of picture; rom Japan.
The s'miUrity of the Mexican and Japa
nese art is found in other articles as well.
The Indians of the semi-savage tribes of the
"Western parts of the country make lac
quered tables and bowls which are both
bVautifal and artistic. They paint these
with roses and other flowers, and their lac
quer will Mand water, and though not like
the wonde rfsJ work of the Japanese it may
have come from the same origin. The Japa
nese are fond of flowers and these Indians
have a tiu'ilar taste for them. The Japanese
basket work is noted, and here you find the
finest of baskets of all kinds, made of many
colors and most ingeniously put together.
In their love foichildrcn the two peoples are
alike, and I see babies carried about here on
th backs of their mothers and sisters just as
yon will see ihtm in Japan. I ee them also
taimed as you will see them in India, and I
note that the numbers of tovs for children
are as numy m Mexico as they are in Japan.
rEESCOINO AS IN rTAI-T.
These Mexican Indians do wonders in
frescoing. All the houses of the better
classes a-e lrcscoed instead of being pa
pered, and a Mexican plasterer at 50 cents a
day will turn out effects that would do
citdit to Italy. They have all the care and
honesty in their work of the true Japanese
rrtist and will labor for weeks on a wax
figure to produce a certain effect, and they
make the wonderful pictures out of feathers
that surprised the Spaniards under Cortes,
nnd 3-cu ian buy these same pictures or have
them made to order here in Mexico City
to Jay.
They work like the Japanese, each,in his
own little dwelling, and ihen thev have
tell me it is almost impossible to keep their
men without they are their debtors. They
never get anything ahead, and when they
want to get married they usually borrow
enough to pay the priests and the'fees and
get the wedding outfit, and this makes
them debtors for years. Their employers
pay them so much in food and wages each
day, reserving a small amount out of each
month's wages to go toward the debt, and
as their wages ranee in different localities
from about 18 to 50 cents a day, it will be
seen that there is little hope for their sup-
Sorting their families and paying their
ebts.
In some parts of Mexico boys get G cents
a day, and in others the average farm wages
is 19 cents per diem. On the Mexican
plateau the wages range from 18 to 23 cents,
and along the lines of railroad where track
layers and construction companies have
Eaid more, they have become considerably
igher. On the farms these Mexican In
dians work right along for these wages.
They lay off only for Sundays and feast
days, and they appear to be industrious,
quiet, subservient and good laborers.
CHOOSE THEIE OWN MASTEES.
Even if they are in debt they can change
their masters by saying that they wish to
leave and by getting a new master to as
sume their debt and take them. In such a
case a new contract is entered into and the
Indian stays with his new master till he
gets dissatisfied and gets another master to
pay ms debts and to take him in. This
debt slavery exists in other branches of in
dustry as well as fanning. Factories have
their peons and mines have their debt
tlavcs. The company store exists here a3
it docs in the mining and manufacturing
regions oi me unnea states ana tne peons
get deeper and deeper in debt as they livo
on.
The Mexican, however spends but little
upon himself or his house. The houses of
the poor are huts or hovels differing accord
ing to .the locality. On the Mexican
Slateau, where there is little wood, the In
iaut. live in low, square, one-storv huts of
suu-diicd brick, often Constructed without
windows. These hovels are like great mud
boxes. They have flat roofs, no chimneys
or fire-places, and the door of each hut is of
roughly made boards and so low that the
men and women of the family have to stoop
in entering it. Most of these huts have but
one room. The family sleep on the floor on
mats and there are neither tables or chairs.
The cooking is done over a fire built out of
doors or in a corner of the hut and tho
cooking utensils are of burnt clay and not
of iron or copper.
BUILD THEIE OWN HOVELS.
It costs but a few dollars to build such a
hovel, and the average Indian can build his
own house. If ear -the towns these huts are
in collections of alozen or so, making sub
urbs or villages of mud, and on the haci-
enuas tney are olten inside the wall sur
rounding the adobe buildings where their
masters live, or they are built close to the
wall on the outside. Along the railroad
you often see them made of discarded rail
road tics, the ties being set on end and form
ing the walls of the hut, while aithatch of
cactus or other leaves makes the roof. If
youwill remember the average length of
the railroad tie you will know the heighth
of the Mexican railroad hut
In iho rainy regions of Mexico, where tho
water.comes down in showers every after
noon fortseveral months of the year, the
huts are built with ridge roofs, and in the
valley of Mexico and amid tho picturesque
mountains along the line of the Mexican
National IUilroad, you see roofs made of
they constitute what mizht be called tho
residences of the five-points element of the
capital
THEIR DKESS AND FOOD.
The Mexican Indians ar3 not the blanket
savages of our "Western territories They
do not cut the seats out of their pantaloous
before they wear them as our Indians do.
They are in fact as cleanly and particular
about their clothes as any people in similar
circumstances the world over. The poorest
man has his white shirt nd white-legged
pantaloons, and the Indian girl weara a
white chemise and a skirt. She has, it is
true, not the corset, the hip-pads or the
bustle of our advanced civilization, and the
covering of her long black hair is only a
siieii as costly as tier meager purse can buy,
still she looks neat and tidy in her simple
raiment and when young she has atraignt
ness and roundness of form and feature,
which many of our belles might envy.
The feet of both sexes are bare and are
half clad in sandals made of two pieces of
sole leather about the size of the bottom of
your foot one bound on the top and the
other on the sole of the foot when worn.
These sandals cost about 25 cents a pair,
and you could dress an Indian woman so
that she would Jook respectabls here for
2.50: It would1 cost considerably more to
fit out the man, and the clothes of a Mexi
can Peon are one of the big items of tho
family. His blanket or scrape, which he
wraps picturesquely about his shoulders
and which he wears when not working both
day and night, costs all the way from 52 as
high as he can afford to go. I bave seen
some worth fCO, but these were band-made
and very fine.
HIS HAT IS TJSTJALLTr COSTLY.
His hat, broad-brimmed and of straw or
felt may cost less than a dollar or it may
cost fifty, and his pantaloons or coat a like
amount If, however, he is the ordinary
Indian he will confine himself to a cheap
serape and his cottons, and he will march
around under his big straw hat with all the
airs of the brigand of the stage. Neither
he nor his wife will wear underclothing,
and they will sleep at night in the same out
fit that they wear during the day.
The cost of their food will not be propor
tionately greater than the cost of their
clothing. Three-fourths of Mexico lives al
most entirely on black beans and cakes
made of Indian corn, and the frijoles and
the tortillas sauced with red pepper mako
up the diet of the Mexican Indians. Baking
tortillas forms the chief occupation of the
Mexican housewife. Every woman is her
own miller and oook. A rough, flat stone
a foot wide and IS inches long is her mill,
and she soaks the grains of corn in lime
r Iralitr
A. Peon FamUy.
water till they are soft and then rubs them
on this stone with another rotind stone like
the whetstone you use in sharpening a
scythe until she gets them into a paste. She
pats this out like a a griddle cake and cooks
it before the open fire. It is by no means
bad eating, and with a sauce of red pepper
it flows down the great Mexican throat by
the millions per diem. As to the frijoles
or black beans they are sweeter and better
than the baked beans of Boston, and the
better classes of Indians have many dishes,
which are both cheap and good.
There are, it is said, a hundred different
dialects in use among them to-day, and
though the most of them speak Spanish
nearly all speak their own language as well.
They are people of more than ordinary cul
ture, great lovers of music, easily governed
and very polite. They exhibit great love,
toward each other and in their families, and
the question as tD their future is one of the
questions of the Mexico of to-day. They
have produced many good men. President
Juarez, one of the greatest men of Mexico's
past, was a pure Indian. President Diaz
has Indian blood in his veins, the Mexican
Congress contains a number of pure Indians
and the great Mexico of the future is bound
to be greatly influenced by its Aztec blood.
Fbank G. Cabpentee.
frame to whose attention it has been
brought home.
In all the gymnasia and athletic clubs
you hear people talking of "the S curve of
the spine and how to correet it." Checkley
himself made, for use in this article, the
drawings reproduced on a very small scale
from life herein. "The human spine is al
ways curved," Checkley declares, "and this
curvature is caused by the incorrectness of
the position of the body in infancy, when
we learn 10 waiK ana run.
rr can be cokrected.
"It is, however, by no means a necessary
evil, although it is a very serious one. It
can and ought to be corrected. If nature
intended a man's spine to be curved, sho
would have made this curvature at least
uniform enough to enable the student to
strike an average. But I maintain a3 a re
sult of investigation recently made by me,
now first announced, that in 1,000 men, say
of a uniform height of 5 feet 6 inches and of
a uniform weight, you will find on close
examination no two spines as nearly alike
even as the two corresponding faces.
lo obtain these measurements 1 nave used
a machine of my own invention. It is a
simple application of a straight ruler to a
wheel upon which it is made to revolve. To
obtain from it an exact reproduction of the
curvature of any individual's spine, I run
this wheel up and down the backbone and
trace out its outline from the base of the
brain to the sacrum or base of the spine.
The outlines reproduced in this article are
from measurements taken by me a few days
ago ot tne spines respectively of a well
known member of the New York Athletic
Club, one of the Manhattan Athletic Club,
a splendidly proportioned German turner
and my own.
HOW THE SPINE IS CXTEVED.
"This uniform but absolutely variable
curvature of the spine is caused by the re
laxation ot tne muscles
of the body, the weight
of which is thus allowed
to sink out of healthful
and proper position,drag
ging down the spine with
it. Now, if instead of
this relaxation of the
musrles, they were kept
habitually tense and I
will explain just how
tense in a few moments
as they are in infancy,
the result would bo a
straight andTnol a curved
spine.
"Tension of the mus
cles in an untrained adult
is diagnosed by medical
men and recognized by
physical experts as a sign
of nervousness. But the
person in whom tenseness Member 3Z A. C.
of muscle warrants such an inference would,
if trained from infancy to hold himself erect
and walk properly, have acquired without
effort, and, indeed, unconsciously, a natural
and agreeable and healthful tenseness of
muscle. Thusj indeed, the muscles would
have been trained by simple will power to
support the body and keep the spino
straight. And by tension of muscle here I
do not mean rigity; but, on the contrary, an
easy flexibility.
"The following simple directions, If con
scientiously followed, will in a short time
enable any one to restore the snine. almost
if not quite, to its perpendicular position:
TO COEEECT THE CUEVATUEE.
"Turn the pelvis back and then draw the
head back and lift it up. Maintain the
face at right angles to the floor and walk as
long as convenient with a motion altogether
from the hip joints, and not from the waist
or the knees. Pursuit of this advice regu
larly for a few minutes morning and even
ing will in a wonderfully short time prove
of the most marked benefit
"Let any man, however devoted to physi
cal exercise he may be, satisfy himself of
the almost universal prevalence of this re
markable physical malformation by taking
a three-foot ruler and laying it along the
spine, outer clothing having of course been
removed. The effort to keep the spine in
contact with this ruler simultaneously
throughout its length will be so great as at
once to convince the most incredulous of
what I say. Of course, one must breaths
and walk in that position. All movement
is an expenditure of energy, and every ex
penditure of enery is exercise, whether
made for pleasure or for work or in the
definite pursuit of some ultimate object
other than pleasure.
ENDURANCE OP THE CLASSES.
to expand t their fullest the muscles of the
shoulders and chest or to be pliable instead
of tense. Most people carry their should
ers up and maintain such a tenseness of the
shoulder and chest muscles as absolutely
prevents the muscles ever expanding to
their normal limit. As by this means the
free natural motion of the lunges is pre
vented, nature allows us, by using the ab
dominal muscles, to take into the system air
enough to enable us to exist for I can't de
scribe as living the wretched condition of
that man whose abdominal muscles are ex
panded when he breathes his lungs full of
air.
"If the excercising of the unused mus
cles is necessary to keep the body healthy,
and strong and agile, every movemant now
popularly supposed to constitute 'exercise'
should be abandoned, since there is no
movement in all our daily lives which
doesn't, force four times as much work upon
the flexors as upon the extensor muscles.
STEETCHINO THE BEST EXERCISE.
"Stretching is the kind of exercise that
most of our muscles
need and which thev
seldom get Youwifl
see a man in the
morning after a long
night's sleep 'stretch
ing' himself, that is
giving to the exten
Bor muscles the ex
ercise which they
crave and seldom get.
My advice for exer
oiso is, work the ex
tensors. Eor this
purpose there is no
machine made except
a trapeze or horizon
tal bar which will
Cheekletft Spina. accomplish the pur
pose. "One of the very best ways in the world
to excercise is to lie down and stretch your
self out. Excercise in any other way, such
as rowing, boating, riding and the like,
should be looked upon as a means of enjoy
ment, a method of relaxing the mind and
so indirectly exercising the body, rather
than as a useful exercise per sc.
"The whole gist of the true theory is in a
nutshell. Make your brain excercise your
muscle." J. P. B.
A
A GEM IN THE BOUGH.
The Career of James W. Nesmith as
an Official at Washington.
HADN'T YEET MUCH BOOK LARNIK'.
Ho Went to the Capital Hnch as Sockless
Jerry Simpson Goes,
BUT CAME AWAY A GREAT MAN
40
-r
M0DEBN STJBOESY.
People Can Lire Minns a X.nng, or Almost
Any Other Organ.
Youth's Companion.
The extent to which the body can be
mutilated without a fatal result is beyond
WJUri'lElT Toil THE DtSFATCB.
Ncsmith was an instance of how "extreme!
meet" sometimes in this world. He was born
in Maine and "elected a Senator of the
United States from Oregon, and subsequently
elected to the House. Nesmith was not a
men of much "book larnin'" and was in
debted more to nature than to schools for th
qualities that enabled him to win success in
life, and I think could have well adopted
the sentiments of Burns and made them his
own, if he ever could be induced to adopt
anybody's sentiments, which is more than
doubtful.
What's a th Jargon o' your schools
Your Latin names for horns and stools!
If honest nature mado you fools
What salr's your grammars?
Tou'de better a'raen up spades pnd schools
urfinappin hammers.
He had got an education that sufficed for
his purposes by rough contact with the
world; had hardened brawn and brain in the
rough and tumble of life, and had gone to
school principally to the wood3, the waters,
and the stars, and had learned more from
wild beasts and wild men, perhaps, thin
from books. He was, in a word, a self
taught and self-made man and had every
reason to be proud of his workmanship.
HE MADE HIS OWN STOEIES.
He possessed but little fancy, and less of
romance, and had his own opinion about
"the noble red man," which was not par
ticularly flattering to said red man. For
dry wit and humor be was unequalcd, and
possessed, like Lincoln, a fund of anecdotes,
which he probably concocted in his own
brain, as nobody had ever heard of them
until Nesmith told them. And yet no one
would have ever taken him for a wit, for
AN AMERICAN SERIAL STORY.
WBITTEN FOB THE DISPATCH
jB"3T CTTJLES TBEB.
what most people think. Of course, the re- !T0Ula na7e CJ" laKen mm lor a wt.,w
movalof thPe Lgest limb is a familiar fact; rltoyYST,
imperturbable, and his jokes never brought
-Lb
I o
and, indeed, the successive removal of all
the limbs would result in nothing worse
than inconvenience. But in the same way
internal organs may be extirpated. This is
facilitated by their duality.
One eye may be taken out. and the sicht
remain practically unimpaired. One kidney
may be removed, and the other will make
up the loss by doing double work. The case
is essentially the same when disease) has
destroj-ed the functional activity of a kid
ney; and, therefore, a person in that con
dition need not be without hope.
In like manner, disease may have ren
dered one lung solid, like liver, and thus
functionally useless, and yet the person may
live in good health to old age. Could the
half-consumed lung of the consumptive
only heal up the walls of its great ulcer,
and the microbes cease to extend their
ravages, the patient might, with care, enjoy
a long, useful and happy life.
Large portions of tne brain may be re
moved with no injury to life" or intellect
Persons have lived for years, and have been
well with bullets in their brain. The liver
has been cut in two by tight lacing the
pressure causing an atrophy of the part be
low without ending either the life or the
folly of the fashionable devotee.
A portion of the intestines has been cut
out and the severed ends sewed together,
and their normal action and function have
not been in the least interfered with. And
what seems more amazing, dogs have had
theirentire stomachs extirpated without
impairing digestion.
Recently a man, 57 years old, had a large
portion of his stomach cut out in conse-
?uence of a tumor. The piece was nearly a
oot square. The dissevered parts were
sewed together, and the patient ate a dinner
of hash 12 days after the operation, and was
dismissed cured at the end of three weeks.
Eive months later he was presented before
the medical society the JJoyal Society of
Physicians of Vienna wholly well, with no
trace of the return of-the cancerous disease,
and with digestion perfectly performed.
Some experts are led to think that the
stomach plays but a secondary part as a
digestive organ, its chief service, according
to this view, being thit of a temporary re
ceptacle. TEE SCOTLAND TABD.
Evidently Loved on Sight.
A letter that has reached the Dead Letter
Office is addressed as follows: "Postmaster:
Please deliver-ibis to the young lady living
in the first house beyond the stocking fac
tory, who wears a black dress and sacaue.
with a white straw hat and brown trim
mings. Now don't make a mistake!" i
"The question, it seems to me, is exceed
ingly natural: Why isn't a laborer, a
longshoreman for example, an Apollo Bel
vedere in figure instead of being, as he gen
erally is, a rough and clumsy fellow? Why
isn't the constant exertion which he makes
for at least eight hours a day calculated to
develop his body toward physical perfec
tion? Why is it, as a matter of fact, that
his only advantage over his wealthier
brethren in the brotherhood of humanity
brethren who never do a stroke of work, for
example, and perhaps never exercise, that
he can ea and assimilate food which they
would not put before a dog?
"The laborer in the trenches cannot, as
experience shows, endure more of a physical
strain than can the
high liver, suddenly
forced out to some
extraordinary exer
tion. This was recog
nized as long ago as
during the War of
the Rebellion, when
regiments of city
bred youths made
long forced marches,
in much better shape
than regiments of
country lads who had
been accustomed to
following the plow
all their lives. Now
mark this: ow long
would any working
man live and keep his
health and power of
'achievement were he
to eat 15-course dinners and drink three
bottles of wine with them? This is exer
cise of the severest descriptionj and the city
man who is accustomed to it stands the
strain without a murmur and comes up tho
next morning as fresh as a daisy.
BBEAIHINO WITH THE ABDOMEN,
'he onlv xorv in dAvelnn tha lnnps id to
1 inhale fresh air into them and permit them
How the Chief London Police Offlce Gained
Its Peculiar Name.
Epare Moments.
The late chief office of the police force is
said to have derived its name of "Scotland
Yard" from the fact of its being the site of
a palace in which the Kings of Scotland
were received when they came to England.
Tho Saxon King Edgar granted this portion
of land to the south of Charing-cross to
Kenneth TTT., King of Scotland in 959, and
here the latter lived when he- came to do
homage to the English Crown. The palace
reared on this spot was for a long time
the town house, so to speak, of the Kings
of Scotland, its last inhabitant being
Margaret Queen of Scots, who visited Lon
don after the death of her husband at the
battle of Flodden Eield. The palace after
this became neglected, and durin" the reign
of Elizabeth its existence as a palace term
inated, and Government officials then be
came its inhabitants.
Here the bard of "Paradise Lost" lived
'while occupying the position of Secretary
to Oliver Cromwell, then Protector, and
here Beau Fielding, Inigo Jones and Sir
John Denham, of Cooper's Hill notoriety,
lived and died. At the beginning of the
present century the palace court was held
in Scotland Yard. When that came to an
end nobody paid much attention to the
place until Sir Robert Peel; in 1829, estab
lished tho present metropolitan police force,
the headquarters of which were fixed there.
the ghost of a smile to his own countenance.
On one occasion, going over to the Con
gressional Hotel to "consult Barclay's Di
gest," which was a Congressional name for
it, in company with Eldridge and somo
other members, one of the party was con-
fraiuiaung .manage on a recent speecn He
ad made in the House, and remarked: "By
thunder, Eldridge, that speech would make
you President if" you hadn't taken the back
salary grab.
"Well," said Nesmith, quick as thought,
'I'd rather have his back salary than his
chance for being President."
HIS COMPLIMENTS TO THE SENATE.
It is related of him that he created some
thing of a sensation on his first appearance
in the Senate by his backwoods' style and
appearance, and after he had been there for
some time a benator asicea mm: "JSesmith,
what astonished you most on your first ap
pearance here?"
"Why, " said he, "the thing that astonished
me most was how in the world I ever suc
ceeded in getting into such an august body
as the United States Senate, but, alter I hacl
been here for some time, my wonder was
how the deuce the rest of you fellows ever
got here."
On the occasion of the memorable dead
lock in the House over the passage of the
civil rights bill, when the House sat in con
tinuous session two days and two nights, it
became necessary for the Democracy, on ac
count of the comparative paucity of their
number, to adopt some regulations to keep
enough of them always present and awoke
to prevent the passage of the bill, and
Nesmhh, was unanimously elected general
oi uie uemocrauo lorces ana invested witn
autocratic power to enforce discipline. He
immediately organized his force under
strict military despotism, appointed a num
ber of aid-de-camps and scouts to skirmish
about the outskirts and cloakrooms and
wake up the sleepers when their names
were called, and suffered no man to leave
the hall without his permission. The ex
cuses given by members who "wanted to go
out" were constant provocatives of mirth
and laughter and 'served greatly to relieve
the dreary monotony of the proceedings.
CHAPTER XTX.
OKTTINO BEADY FOE THE STAET.
Thcre was a gleam of hopefulness in
Molly's dark eyes and a strange joy in her
heart as she alighted from the carriage which
had taken her from the wharf to her hotel
in King William street, Adelaide. It was
the 26th day of Angust, only one month
since she bad left San Francisco, but it al
most seemed as if a year had rounded up
since leaving home, so many strange faces
had confronted her, so many strange voices
had sounded in her ears one almost from
the other world, faint, hollow and indis
tinct, while another full of warmth, tender
ness and buoyancy seemed always to have
been with her, so strangely familiar did it
sound, such a fondness was there in its
accents. Godfrey had not been near Molly
when she left the steamer, but she was
quite certain that it was stern duty alone
that kept him away from that end of tho
steamer. Zach walked by her sido so like a
across hl
a hunting-
one side. A rifle .was slung
shoulder and n revolver and
knife suspended from his belt. He rather
timidly asked to see Mrs. Allaire, and tha
man thinking him to be some memberof tho
expedition sent with a message from Farina
Town, where the leaders of the search party
were engaged in completing their final
preparations, at once conducted him to
Molly's rooms. As he stepped into her
presence it required a second glance to rec
ognize the sailor lad, such a complete meta
morphosis had his hunting costume effected
in his appearance. He seemed so much
taller, so much older. Tha boy of 15 had
suddenly become a man.
Molly stood, half dazed, with hergaz
riveted on the handsome youth, and snch a
tumultuous rush of thought oppressed her
mind as to rob her for a moment of tha
power of speech. Godfrey took her silence
to mean disapproval and stammered out:
"Dear lady, don't be anry with inc. I
could not bear to let you go alone "
The stern-visaged Zach was not standing
there watching her; he was not present to
frown at what he deemed a deplorabla
TOTTND AT IAST.
DEESS EEF0SM IN VIENNA.
A7
Ip
Member 2V. T. A. C.
The Male Creative There Talking of Mak
ing Trailing Gowns Illegal.
New York Tlmes.l
It may interest the leaders and partici
pants in the dress-reform crusade to know
that the men in Vienna are on the point of
taking sides for them, at least in a limited
degree. The authorities over there have
become so concerned over the threatened
injury to public health by the trailing
gowns of the Viennese women that they
are considering the making of a police reg
ulation to establish the proper length of a
skirt This reads well on paper, but its
carrying out would offer almost as great dif
ficulty as the famous project to "bell the
cat." It ib all very well to announce that
gowns shall be so long and no longer, but
what policeman will' be bold enough to
stop women and request them to kindly
permit him to measure their skirts?
THE VETERANS ABE HARDY.
If Statistics Are Correct the Grand Army
Death Bate Is Very low.
Boston Herald.J
Considering the age and infirmities of the
members of the Grand Army of the Repub
lic, the deaths in their ranks are not so
numerous as it might be expected they
would be. A roll of 5,530 deaths, in a year
out of a total membership of 444.307 is ouly
about one-half the annual death-rate of
Boston, where, with a population of 448,000,
there were 10,181 deaths last year.
It seems incredible that the Grand Army
death statistics can be anywhere near cor
rect, though there U no apparent reason
why theyshonld not be at least approxi
mately so.
HIS STYLE OIT OEATOBY.
He had something of Lincoln's felicity of
expression, remarkable in both because of
the want of a finished education. A good
illustration of this was exhibited in a eulogy
which he pronounced in the House on Sen
ator Sumner. He said:
What was fanaticism In others appeared
from his cultivated, hia;h position as patriot
Ism, and although a sort of John Biown, he
threw about his efforts such a charm of
learning, suon graces of rhetoric, that it
seems a wrong to class him with tha coarse
fanatic who molded into bullets the words
the orator uttered in the Senate. John
Brown was Charles Sumner reduced to prac
tical action, and both represented the rock
ribbed land where duty takes the placo of
impulse, -reo.es nam ner victories no less
renowned than war," and tho man who, by
persistent direction of peaceful agencies,
converts a nation of politicians to his views
is as much entitled to a triumphal arch as
the mere soldier who, by the unreasoning
power of brute force, completes his victory
with the sword and points to tho hecatomb
of tho slain as his passport to power.
In a speech defending some of his white
constituents who had slaughtered some of
their red brethren for outrages committed
by them, ho said, in reply to Shanks:
Retaliation is a law of our nature. Eup-
Sosing some Indian should raise the am
rosial locks of tho gentleman from Indiana
to ornament a lodge pole, and his father,
brother or son should seek revenge, who
would complaint
SOME OP HIS SATIRE.
On an item appropriating money for the
support of horses and repairs to carriages for
the Department of Justice, of which AVill
iams was then the head, he said:
This constituent of mine Is the only one
who indulges in this gorgeous, Oriental
splendor of ridinpr in a $1,000 landaulet. Why.
sir, lawyers in my State of this caliber ndo
upon the outside or a $53 mule and think
they are doine well at that, but there is a
Spanish proverb "Put a beggar on horse
back and lie will ride to the devil." I hnvo
no objection to the termination of this direc
tion, hut I do not want the people to pay for
the transportation.
His account of his difficulties in getting to
see Simon Cameron, Secretary of War, was
intensely amusing. Nesmith was unac
quainted with the ways of the departments
on his arrival in Washington in 1861. He
called several times at the War Depart
ment only to be told by Cameron's door
keeper, who did not know that Nesmith was
a Senator, that the Secretary was busy and
could not be seen. Tiring of it at last he
determined to force his way in, when the
doorkeeper grabbed him roughly by the
coat collar to stop his intrusion. Nesmith
hit him a blow under the jaw that knocked
him flat, and when he got into the Secre
tary's presence, said:
''Cameron. I have been tryinc to cet to
see you for a week, but there was a icllow j
at the door would nt let me in, and X had to
knock him down."
"Oh," said Cameron, "he did not know
who you were," and then calling the door
keeper, told him that Senator Nesmithinust
be admitted at all times without hindrance.
Clinton Lloyd.
Copyrighted, 1891, by the author.
The Earth TT1U Drink Anything.
Marlboro Enterpriser
Some one dropped a case of lager near the
Ktchburg station one day recently, with
the result of serious damage to the bottles.
There was plenty of moisture in the road
for a moments but the earth proved to be
I able to take it in.
stern and incorruptible guardian that she
only dared to give a timid glance about her.
Still she knew the sailor lad was in safe
hands and deemed it best not to alarm the
honest Zach at that moment by any show
of weakness. A tremendous task was
awaiting her and it behooved her to give an
earnest of her ability to face and accomplish
it, if she expected to inspire others with
her courage.
Thanks to the hearty co-operation of the
Government, 30 picked men, well armed"
and well mounted, some of them half-breeds
and speakinc the dialect of the natives.
were soon enrolled for the expedition. Mrs.
Allaire contracted to pay them high wages
with a bounty of several hundred pounds
upon their return, no matter what tne out
come of the expedition might be. The men.
wero to be under the command of Tom
Marks, an old and experienced officer of
the provincial police, with Zach French
for his lieutenant, but above Tom Marks,
above Zach, above everyone, came Mrs.
John Allaire, the veritable head as well as
the actual heart and soul of the expedition.
It was agreed that the expedition should
rendezvous at Farina Town, the terminus of
the Adelaide Railway, where Mrs. Allaire
was to join it a day or so before the start
which was to take place some day in the
second week of September. Several pleasant
interviews took place between the Gover
nor General and Mrs. Allaire. The former
thought himself in duty bound to set fully
forth to that lady the dangers, the difficul
ties and even the slight hope of suc
cess awaiting such an expedition as the
one she was abcut to set on foot and which
to make successful 6hehad already scattered
her money with a lavish hand. Everything
was to be done to gain and preserve the
good will of the savages through whose
domain they were to pass. Valuable pres
ents were to be bestowed upon the chiefs
and their head men.
"I shall hesitate at nothing, your Excel
lency, I shall shrink from no sacrifice!" ex
claimed Mrs. Allaire. "What your in
trepid pathfinders accomplished in the in
terest of civilization and science I shall do
to rescue my husband, who, to-day, is the
sole survivor of the crew of the Dread
naught, Since the day he sailed from San
Diego, with all the world against me, I
have persisted in my belief that he was
alive. Now we know that he is. Now all
that is needed to reach him and take him
from the hands of his savage captors is de
votion to the noble task we have set our
selves. Onr motto is 'No Step Backward,'
and with God's help we shall bring Captain
John Allaire home with us!''
The moment that stern but honest keeper
was away from Molly's side her thoughts
reverted to the sailor lad who had taken
such a strong hold of her heart. She had
been careful not to breathe to Zach the fact
of her failure to open tho package delivered
to her by the old seaman, or to confess to
him her lack of courage to do so. Why
should she long to ring the death knell to
the first happiness that had come to her
after so many years of sorrow? Of one
thing she was thoroughly convinced, how
ever, no matter to whom the boy belonged,
he was no ordinary child; his innate graca
and gentleness, his instinctive refine
ment proved this, to say nothing
of his nandsome, high-bred features and
'honest wide-opened eyes. Molly was firmly
resolved not to give nim up. What sun
shine and joy would he not bring t their
home when once the full gentleness and no
bility of his character had been brought out
by their love and watchful care? How could
John help loving such a frank, manly sailor
lad? Yes, Godfrey would take Walter's
place in that father's heart, he would help
John to bear the awful loss which awaited
him on his return home to San Diego.
Molly's mind was fully made up. In
spite of the scowl which she knew only too
well would wrinkle the brow of honest Zach
French when he heard of it, she was re
solved to adopt Godfrey as her son, as
John's and her son, educate him as suoh
and surround him with all the luxury and
refinement which her great wealth justified.
When evening came she sat down and wrote
a few lines to the Captain of the Brisbane,
requesting him to send the sailor lad to her
in the morning. Summoning a servant she
placed the letter in his hand and directed
him to take it nt onco to the Captain's
hotcL The man turned away and had
reached the'Street door when he was ac
costed by a tall youth dressed in
the picturesque costume of the
Australian trapper, a corduroy smock frock
belted at the waist, trunks of the same
material, leather leggins and a broad
brimmed Jelt hat -turned gracefully up on
weakness at such a time when all her
strength of mind and body were needed to
crown their labors with glorious triumph.
No, she was alone with the boy, who had
in so mysterious a manner roused all
the mother's love, crushed, suppressed,
dormant for so many years. She was ire
to act out her own, tender, loving, impulsive
self, and with a loud cry of joy she sprung
forward and caught Godfrey in her anas,
and with the kisses she rained upon hint
came a hundred pet names which she had
not dared to utter in Zach's presence. And
now, too, these almost man's arms for tho
first time dared to clasp that form, so long
beloved, nay, adored by the waif of tha
Walter Home.
"Mother, mother," pleaded Godfrey,
"don't leave me behind, take me with you.
I'm big enough and old enough to protect
you. I love you better than all the others
put together. I'll fight foryou, dieforyou,
if need be. Oh, let me go with you,
mother, let me help find Captain John.
"Yes,- yes; come with me, my darling
child," cried Molly, besideherself with joy.
"Be ever by my side, just as my own WalS
would have done were he alivo nowl God
hath sent you to me to fill his place. I can
not close my arms against you, and remem
ber when Captain John is found you are to
be no longer Godfrey, but Walter; you ara
to meet him as you met me to-night and to
call him father "as you did me mother. Ha
must not know that you are not the child
we lost in the dark waters of the bay. Such
news might end his life, weakened as ha
must be by want and privation."
"It shall be as you sav, mother," cried
Godfrey. "Trust me, I!Il be so good to
Captain John that possibly he too may
learn to like me, yes, love me in the end."
OHAPTEEXX
INTO THE rtEAET Off THE CONTINENTS
With a heart almost oppressed by the jo
that had come upon it so unexpectedly, Mrs.
Allaire, with Godfrey by her side, took her
seat in a special train that wa3 to carry her
to Farina Townt where her arrival was now
impatiently awaited by Tom Marks and
Zach French. She was also accompanied by
an intelligent half-breed woman, Harriet by
name, herself a child of the wilderness,
strong, fearless and a skillful rider, who was)
to perform the duties of serving woman to
the captain's wife. The train made fetr
stops, only such in fact &3 became neces3ar
to renew the supplies of wood and water. After
leaving Adelaide the first halt was made at
Cawler, which was reached after Beveral
hours' run through a district broken by deep
forges and narrow valleys, varied at times
y interminable forests of the eucalyptus.
As the farms and settlements were left far
behind and the country began to take oa
that wild and desolate aspect so character
istio of many portions of the Australian
continent, Mrs. Allaire's eyes gradually
filled with that deep, earnest look which had
been peculiar to them for many years. Sha
was about to put tortn tne strength ot her
wonderful willpower for the last time. If
she tailed now, it would be necessary to
bow to the decrees of heaven and give over
a search which, while it had until now com
manded the admiration of the world, would,
if pushed any further, be in the judgment
of her fellow creatures either the wild
whim of an eccentric mind or the foolish,
purpose of a disordered intellect. From tha
windows of her railwoy carriage the cap.
tain's wife, with that calm certainty and
placid satisfaction of one journeying to
meet a beloved relative returning from a
distant voyage, whiled away the long hours
bv examining the strange land through ,
which she was being transported at almost
lightning speed.
This was the Australia which had been so
justly called the "Land of Paradoxes," tha
center of which was one vast basin below
the ocean level, whose streams, bursting up
through the sandy plains, were gradually
absorbed before reaching the sea a land in
which the air, like the soil, is lacking in
humidity, in which "the strangest of earthly
animals are found, and in which savaga
tribe, pure nomads, furnish types of tha
lowest degree of human intelligence.
Away to the north and to tha west
stretched those interminable deserts of
Alexandra Land and Western Australia
the very center of which the expedition
was intended to pierce in search of the sola
survivor of the wreck of the DreadnaughL
What would there be to guide these in
trepid searchers when once the extreme
outer line of hamlet and isolated ranch had
been passed and nothing remained bat tha
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