EsmirM 'AT tml SECOND PART. A RESERVOIR ACTION Not Only a Fact, but Such Ac tion Can Be Much Aug mented by Art. ANY NUMBER OF EXAMPLES From the Smallest Brooklet to the Mighty Father of Waters. AN ILLUSTRATION FROM ARIZONA, Which Fortunately Came Under the Ob serration of an Engineer. ONE SUGGESTION TOE THE FARMERS PAPER NO. 8. The proposal to utilize and augment by art the reservoir action of water courses, and thus to mitigate flood conditions, and at the same time develop inland navigation to the Jullcst possible extent, was expected to be regarded as a recombination and extension to larger uses of well-established principles of hydraulics. It was of course expected and desired that engineers would criticize the devices sug gested to be employed; and analyze the re lations of the flood volumes to the reservoir volumes practicable to obtain in the river cbaunels; in other words, the efficiency of the proposed measure. Most valuable facts not generally known data not accessible to the most laborious research would be brought out in this way, and probably in no other. .It was not, however, anticipated that any engineer, much more any hydraulician, would question the fact of reservoir action in water courses, or regard it as a new idea or discovery. That this has occurred seems to justify a more technical treatment or the subject than was originally contemplated. Reservoir action is a iact; and it is a fact that such action can be greatly and most beneficially augmented by art. How much, in what ratios to flood volumes, with what good results, are questions of fact for prac tical men to determine by surveys, observa tions and calculations. Criticism on these lines is practical and must be beneficial to the public interest Floods Make Reservoirs. No observant person can deny that the di mensions of a water course are mainly de pendent upon flood conditions. The effort of streams to enlarge their channels to ac commodate the extreme flood wave, is a fact easily recognized. Everyone has seen a tiny rivulet, at morn traversing the surface of a gentle sloping meadow, at noon become a raging torrent by a cloudburst or unpre cedented rainfall, and next day, shriveled to its original proportions, trickle along the bottom of a deep cully, yards in width and depth. sunK in a few hours by the torrent of such short duration. A " small stream is taken for illustration, because rel atively great changes in the bed of such streams are quite common. .Large &tri-ams anil rivers behave similarly under simil.tr conditions, as is instanced' in the constant changes in the bed of the Mississippi, and most strikingly in the recent creat change in the San Pedro river in Arizona. Unusual natural rjhenomena seldom occur under the immediate observation of scientific men, as fortuaatily happened in this case. A distinguished "engineer, who was on tne ground, related to the writer what is here put down lrom memory. On the night of the occurrence Dr. P. and his party spread their blankets in the chapparal about a quarter of a mile from the town of Dudle ville, and as far from theSan Pedro. The town is built against the foothills at one side of a wide flat, on the opposite side of which flowed the river. During the night the party were compelled to move back tLree times; and when morning dawned were in the town, the entire flat having been washed away All mzht and a part ot the next day the banks fell with the noise of thunder, melted away in the torrent, and were gone. A tract several hundred yards wide, by several miles long, was washed out to an average depth of 14 leet, millions of tons being re moved in 24 hours. An Arizona Illustration. This occurrence well illustrates the extent to which a single unexampled flood will alter and enlarge a water course, as has been done in Arizona this j ear bv the unprece dented rainfall The" natural action of water on a river bed is to establish it with the slope at which erosion ceases; and ex treme flood conditions, if repeated at longer or shorter intervals, tend not only to deepen the channel, but also to enlarge it latterally; so that if the original fall be great enough, the banks and bed sufficiently erodable, and the length considerable, the reservoir capacity finally attained is suffi cient, or more than sufficient, to accommo date the entire volume of the greatest floods. The cyclic uncompreheuded natural forces, which raise and lower continents and induce climatic changes, may affect the normal reservoir function of rivers, as thev affect all natural relations. These are be yond our ken. Bnt the normal relations, such as ordinarily prevail, mav be expressed in the followjnc lormula: - -() GO R. Reservoir volume of channel. ,. T. Time of traverse through the channel of a particle of water. D. Duration of flood. V. Volume of flood. F. Total original fall, or fall of the original bauk from the source to tho outlet. I. Full necessary to lerode the material of the bed. e. A factor determined by the character of the material of tbn bed. K and f are exj re .scd as tangents. Evidently e roij be greatest in sand or loam, much less lu clay and marl, still less in shales and 'east ot all in rock. The above may be expressed in common language as follows: The normal reservoir volume of a water course is to the total flood volume as the time of traverse of a panicle ol water through the channel is to the dura tion of the flood; for instance, if it takes one day for a particle of water to traverse tne channel, and the flood duration is three days then the reservoir volume is one-third the flood volume; but this ratio is modified by the original fall of the water course, and by the erodable qualities of its materials. Controlling Conditions. A few examples will well illustrate the principles. Great original fall, together with erodable material, results in reservoir capacity more than sufficient to contain the greatest floods, as in the Colorado and other s'reams in our great Western plateaus, in a htonc country: the water mnt.,., in th shales of estern New York; and the deep gullies so frequent in clav and marl coun tries. The f fleet of non-erodable strata ia to , .im . gSPT I OCT J NOV j PEC , m I MM I in, WT I . I UUUV I w6 I j I oy 0E(- JM r?Tf ' ,, , , ,, Oscit .AJiowa or rut C itumu Riven at 'umatili a rJxeeoN I i " . """. iiju ' -g:' - - j . i ' ; I -"' i o o n 1 iooi T JULY AUG SEE OCT.lNOVlDEC. MFfBMARlAPR,Wa)l)lHttJULYlAUG 5ER OCI NOV ' ' t f km p "jfi jn mi I . vr t i 1 UAMJ4ofcz LJLl Ai i ' - ; &2bd C" if 0HJOATJiTJBJJ.RGH' L. J I , .,.. , ri I- i. ii r T i I I ' i i i l r ' t ' I ' I ' l'1 I ' I i 2 3 xi retard the reservoir development as in the Ohio, the Yosemite, and other well-known streams. The effect of the length of the water course as related to the duration of the fiopd is well illustrated by comparison of the Niagara with the Mississippi. The Niagara is a very short river, and its maximum discharge is practically continu ous therefore its reservoir volume is trifling relatively to its discharge. The Mississippi, on the contrary, has sufficient reservoir ac tion to moderate almost to obliteration at Carrolton the extremis flood oscillations at Cairo. TheColumbia is a good example of reservoir action, as is shown by its extremely smooth flood diagram. A river of little original fall has deficient power of erosion, generally meanders through a marsh, and its reservoir action it naught. General Humphrey's Testimony. Such rivers as the Allegheny, the Con necticut, the Potomac, and in fact most rivers, exemplify the normal relation, in which the river, at high flood, fills or nearly fills its banks, and there is neither great e cess of channel capacity nor exten sive or destrnctive floods. " In any such stream the portion T divided by D of the flood volume, wonld if congealed, be very nearly or entirely contained within and fill the watercourse; and where T divided by D equals 1, or the flood duration is equal to the time ot traverse, the entire flood volume could be so contained, as is probably the case with the Missouri river and many of its tributaries. The accompanying diagrams show the effect of channel reservoir action in a very interest ing manuer. The flood oscillations in the smaller tributaries are short and sham, ex- tendingoverbutadayortwojfurtherdowa n the larger streams the flood duration is pro tracted, and the rise and fall are gradual; a further operation df the reservoir action ob literates the impression ot-individual floods from the tributaries; while at New Orleans the discharge becomes "a simple drain from a lake," as General Humphreys aptly ex presses it, the river having a high stage and a low stage, neither exhibiting great irregu larities in height or discbarge from day to day or from week to week. It must be borne in mind that the fall has a great effect on the reservoir action. The rapidly-draining flood-producing tribu taries have excessive Jail, and pour out their flood waters in immense waves, which, because of the excessive fall, are not checked and tempered by the reservoir ef fect of their channels. But this Tery excess offallatthe same time that it causes sud den and great floods, has created in these tributaries enormous reservoir capacity which man can utilize by art, and so con trol the excesses of nature with the agencies made possible by those very excesses. We have but to fully develop the great channel reservoirs m the tributaries, to make the Mississippi "a mere drain from a late," not only at Carrolton, but at St. Louis and Cairo as well. This is true in a commercial no less than in a physical sense. The tributaries (which would be great rivers in other lands) pierce the great storage warehouses of nature;and their improvement will brine to the people of the lower valley not alone safety from destructive floods, but cheap coal, cheap iron and steel, cheap commodities of all kinds, convenient markets for their prod ucts and a beneficent commerce, profitable because direct and natural. Some Other Natural Reservoirs. The recent extraordinary strikes or artesian wells in Iowa, notably those at Belle Plains, where artesian welli are,uiert 5MHM1I.1I 4iVLl7l MM 11 NUU4vi vl I II r -ae r- 1 1 - i 1 1 i I 1 1 1 1 -II 1 y " r ' - . 1 I I T P-' I 1 I I I 1 I I I I I 1 I 1 qg: riv 1 - ,l , fZi , I THE PITTSBURG DISPATCH. M 1 O O V lOO ViONONGAHELA AT NEW GeNEV.Pa. . . .'- v-vt i i i 'i 3L PfiHPMV at Freeport ........- - ,ta - tie,-TOw .-weswwx . 3foc TO7 HrJj Cumberland at Nashville Teton. t 4 a T Tennes.seatCaatjiaioiijgaJCenn. Ohio:at Paductah Ky.( Mississippi at St. Louis. CairoIllX MemphisTenn , i -rtti A S3 pVicksburgh Miss, i A- -& New Orleans to drive mills and electric light plants suggest that the reservoir action of water bearing strata can be considerably augmented. Plowing artesian wells, especially if large enough to use profitably for power, for water supply or for extensive irrigation, are verv profitable to their owners; nearly as much so, in fact, as oil or gas wells, for they do not play out. It is reasonably to be supposed that were attention to be directed to such wells as sources of profit, geologists and drillers would explore for them, the subterranean reservoirs would be tapped and drained, their capacity developed to the utmost, with out expense to the Government, and what General Greely calls the perennial flow of the rivers, or flow lrom springs, etc., very considerably increased. General Greely estimates the present perennial flow of the Ohio to be three-fifths of a cnbic mile per month or 7.2 cubic miles per year. If it were possible, by opening springs and flowing wells, to double the perennial flow, the extreme flood conditions would be mitigated and the low water discharge im proved to a considerable extent, and that with profit to the citizens as individuals and without expense to them collectively. What the Farmers Can So. There are about 92,000,000 acres, or 143, 750 square miles of farm lands in the Ohio Valley. It every farmer would plow his land in deep furrows, at right angles with the slope, as is practiced on the hill-side farms in New England, the flood outfall would be very materially diminished, pos sibly to the amout of 4 cubic miles. This would nit only mitigate flood conditions, but also prevent denudation of the soil, and silting up of the rivers. This maybe thought a rather strong state- ment of what may seem to some a. trivial filing. Let anyone who thinks it trivial walk in rainy weather across a newly plowed bottom where the fur rows run with the fall; and then walk, ankie-deep in water, up a steep hillside properly plowed, as he mav do on any New England farm, and he will be convinced that this is a-"trivial thing" of such vast proportions as to be of national concern. The addition of two inches to the amount of water retained by the soil of the farm land in the Ohio "Valley is equal to the reservoir effect of a basin 4,600 square miles in area flooded five feet deep. READ F. Marlon Crawford's new story. THE WITCH OF PRAGUE." Openlnc chapters In TO-MORROW'S DISPATCH, BEV. J. T. BILEY F0UHD GTJ1XTY. Another Methodist Preacher Convicted of Imprudence and Unmlnlsterlal Conduct. The Eiley trial ended yesterday after a. ten days' session. The Methodist preacher tran fminri irniltv nfimnmilaniia ..J ....! isterial conduct The finding will be brought J up oeiore tne conierence at its next meeting. The charges against him are as follows: "First Imprudent and unministerial con dnct, as revealed in the practice of improper familiarities with women other than bis wife. "Second Immorality, based upon the al leged faot that Mr. Kiley'a conduct with Mrs. Minnick contributed to the strained relations which culminated in Mr. and Mrs. Minnick's separation. Mothebs, do not be without Sbiloh's Cure in your bouse. It will cure croup and whoopinc rough. Sold by Jos. Fleming fe Hon, 412 Mar ketsu Tbt O'Keefe's "O It ii the finest made. K" shoe blacking. j , ., . , i PITTSBURG, SATURDAY, JANUARY IT, 1891. iDEC M FEB Mffi. APR MAY JUNE cAfc KiW aJJ j "P&l - -. - m vt- SkSfeSS 'Pa r AT THE PISTOL'S POINT. DABHTG AND TrfllQTJE BOBBEBY IN A KAH8AS CITY HOUSE. Three Women -Relieved of Diamonds and . Jewelry Worth 81,300 Strangers Who Suddenly Proved to Be Desperadoes A Queer Case. Kansas Citt, Mo., Jan. 16. A daring, unique and successful robbery was perpe trated at a house kept by Mrs. Mollie Gore on McGee street, in the very heart of the city, about 2 o'clock this morning. Three men at the muzzles of revolvers robbed Mrs. Gore and two girls, who were her companions ot $1,300 worth of diamonds nnd jewelry, and made good their escape. The unique feature lies in the fact that the robbery was the ending of a little theater party. Last night two men whom Mrs. Gore described, but does not know, and who claimed to be from Denver, went to her house and invited her and one ot the girls to go to the theater to see the "Sea King." On the way home after the show a third man was met at Twelfth and Walnut streets, with whom the two men with the women seemed well acquainted. He was asked to accompany the party to Mrs. Gore's bouse, and did so.1 The time until 2 o'clock was spent by the whole party drinking and carousing. Just asthe clock struck 2, all three men suddenly drew their revolvers and pointed tbem at Mrs. Gore and the two Kins in tne room ai me time, ana demanded their jewels and money under threats of in stant death. The frightened women obeved, and rave the taller one of the party a fine cent's gold watch, and a lady's gold watch with three diamonds mounted in the case. tthe robbers then relieved Mrs. Gore of two diamond eardrops, valued at $500, took the rings off the fingers of herself and girls, one of which was a solitaire diamond, an other with two diamonds and au emerald, and still another with pearl and ruby set ting. The men then left the house and quickly disappeared. The police have no clew othfer than the description given by Mrs. Gore. The latter was recently made defendant in a $20,000 damage suit brought by Mrs. Charles Pnrvis, the wife of a well known sporting man, who charged Mrs. Gore with alienating her husband's affec tions. F. MARION CRAWFORD'S first news paper story begins In THE DISPATCH to morrow. Hypnotism wreaved Into a re markably fascinating itmance. THE APPBOPBIATIOir TOO SHALL A Site for the Allegheny Government Build ing Will Cost About 8800,000. Inspector Clus is still examining sites for the new Government building in Allegheny. The two sites which he favors most are the Central Hotel property, and the Jihoades Hotel, corner of West Diamond street. As each ot these sites will cost about $200,000, it will nearly consume tho present appropriation of $250,000. As the postoffice in 'Allegheny earns $40,000 a year, which is the interest at 4 per cent on $1,000,000, it is thought the Govern ment could at least spend $500,000 on new building." ! ! M l I ' I &t- H LARGESTON RECORD A Notable Year In Iron and Steel Production in the Pittsburg District HAS JUST BEEN CLOSED. AH Previous Efforts Eclipsed bythe Enormous Output of 1890. MANY CHANGES BACK TO COAL. Valley Furnaces Forced to Sunt Down by. Southern Competition. AN ENCOURAGING PROSPECT AHEAD The year 1890 in'the iron and steel trades has fully answered general expectations. The financial crisis unfortunately disturbed business during the last quarter of the year, and it was, therefore, with a very depre ciated and weak market the trades entered in 1891. Manufacturers are of the opinion that the extreme depression must necessarily bring an amelioration, which will take place just as soon as confidence is restored. The present condition of the market is by no means favorable to the establishment of new enterprises, but the hope is expressed that matters will right themselves, and that the close of the year 1891 will be as brilliant as the opening was bad. The production of finished iron and steel in the Pittsburg district last year was the largest in the history of this section, being estimated at over 2,000,000 net tons. The production of pig iron of the entire country for the year 1890 was also the heaviest in the'history of the industry of this country, amounting to 10,183,016 net tons for the year. This amount is 1,666,937 net tons greater than 1889, which year was the year of the greatest production prior to 1890. 1-arjjest Producer In the World. The year will pass into history as one of enormous production, placing, as it does for the first time, the United States in the lead of the iron producing nations of the world, and, as the country consumes not only all the iron it produces, but also large quanti ties of iron imported, it is also the largest iron consuming nation in the world. The most important topic of discussion among local iron men and workers is the banking of nearlv all the blast furnaces in the Mahoning and Shenango valleys during the latter half of last week, owing to their being refused a reduction in freight rates and being granted only a partial reduction iu the selling price of coke. This action was decided upon at a meeting held at Youngs town on December 31 last, and will throw from 8,000 to 10,000 men idle, as well as to seriously cripple the business of the rail roads, as the traffic from the furnaces proves a large factor in the business of all the lines entering the valleys. Much interest has been aroused over the entire country as regards the situation of the pig iron producers in the Mahoning and Shenango valleys, due to intimations circu lated that the furnaces, unless they could effect some reduction in the cost of raw ma terial, would be compelled to clote down. The primary cause of the trouble, as stated by furnacemen in those sections, is the very large quantities of Southern iron that is finding its way into the bands of the valley consumers. It is asserted that during the last seven months of the year 1890 from 40, 000 to 60,000 tons of Southern iron were re ceived in the valleys, thus throwing on tbe market an equal amount of local iron, and that, in order to dispose of this surplus iron, makers are obliged to cut market prices, aud that in many cases, where attempts to sell failed, the iron was stored in the furnace yards, where it still lies. Aided by the Railroads. It is only with the co-operation of South ern railroads that Southern furnace com panies are enabled to ship their product into the valleys. They virtually enter into a partnership with the furnacemen, inas much as they agree to fix the freight rates on pig iron according to the selling price of iron, and further, in the case of contracts made for future delivery, they agree to pro tect the furnacemen from loss in case ot a decline in values, by further reductions in the freight tariff, even if in affording such protection the sliding scale is abrogated. A comparison ot tbe freight schedules on like material as charged by Southern railroads, and those Northern roads leading into the valleys, will show without much elucida tion the great disadvantages the valley pro ducers are working under. Iron is hauled from Birmingham, Ala., to Youngstown, a distance of abont 800 miles, for $4 10 per ton, while the rate charged from Youngstown to Pittsburg, a distance of 65 miles, is 80 cents per ton. In the first instance the rate is equivalent to one-half cent per tou per mile, aud in the latter 1.23 cents per ton per mile. In the matter of raw material rates tbe disadvantages are almost as great. Coke is hauled from the Pocahontas field in the Virginias to Chat tanooga, a distance of 421 miles, for ex actly the same rate per ton as is charged by Northern roads for hauling coke from the Connellsville regions into the valleys, a distance of 130 miles. It is true that the Southern product does not approach Northerr-made "iron in the analytical properties, when considered lor making merchant bar iron, but it is exten sively used as a mixture with Northern iron, its quality permitting of a run of 25 per cent, the result being a good grade of mer chant iron. Advantages Over the North. TheJSouth enjoys great advantages in the manufacture of pig iron over the North. It is notable that pig iron can be made very much cheaper in Georgia, Alabama and Tennessee than in Pennsylvania, or in any other part of the country. Tbe conditions of the propinquity of the iron ore, coking coal and limestone to each other make an ideal condition, unequaied anywhere in tbe world outside of the famous Cleveland dis trict in England. It is through the exist ence of these very favorable conditions, coupled with the cheapness of labor in the Southern States, that enables that section to produce so cheaply and come in competition with the Northern makers. Furnacemen in the valleys hold that the railroads, iu giving the advantages tbey do to secure Southern shipments, lose the three tons they would get by protecting the trades in the valleys, viz.: Coke and limestone into the valley and pig iron out; and further, that iu consideration ot the enormous amount paid in the way of freights by Valley Jurnacemen, amounting in some months to $250,000, tbey should be protected iromithe inroads of Southern competition by making the rate yi iron from the South commensurate with that on iron being shipped out ot the valley. During tbe last few years there has been no increase in the number of furnaces erected in the valley, but the capacity has been in creased by the introduction ot more modern blast furnace appliances, it, in some cases, amonnting to 60 per cent. It is claimed that a further reduction in coke to $1 50 per ton f, o. b. cars at ovens, a reduction of 25 cents per ton in the freight rate for coke into tho valley, nud a reduction of freight on iron to Cleveland aiJd Pittsburg, would enable the furnaces to continue. Producers are Standing Firm. The late reduction iu the price of coke, it T- is said, was simply au official ratification of the actual price that had existed for some time previous; therefore it did not affect the situation. TTp to the present writing there is not the least indication of a break in tbe ranks of the producers, who have shut down, and there is no doubt they will re main firm, as their action was not taken hastily, but on due deliberation ami a thorough discussion of the entire matter. They think tbey have been giving the railroads a large share of their profits, in order to enable them to pay dividends on watered stock, and that the coke manufac turers have been growing wealthy, due to the steady demand for their product Jrom the blast furnaces of both valleys. They are in excellent shape, financially, to stand a long shut-down, and the great incon venience and suffering will fall on the thousands of employes of the furnaces, who are thrown out of work in mid-winter. However, it is not likely that operators will stand idly by and witness scenes ol actual suffering by those in their employ. It is stated on good authority that a fur ther reduction will be made in tbe price of coke, though with the railroads the matter is still open, as is shown from the fact that another conference will shortly be held. The question of resumption rests whollv with the railroads, whether they are willing- to receive a fair rate for tbe pig iron traffic or prefer to let their cars and motive power re main idle. We are led to believe, and think we feel safe in nttering the prediction, that theshut down will happily be only of short duration. The Change to Coal. The changing of puddling furnaces back to coal is progressing slowly. There are yet 12 mills where natural gas is wholly or par tially used and 24 have been changed back to coal. This statement only has reference to Allegheny county, and does not include the steel works, though many of them have returned to coal. The puddlers at Zug & Co.'s mill, after three weeks working three neats per turn, are now working five. Brown & Co. are now working their new three-high train of muck rolls placed in the works dur ing the holidays by the Lewis Foundry and Machine Company. The new puddling furnace recently added makes a total of 34 that are all working, and the old mill is now of the most modern design. At J. Painter Sons & Co.'s mill 40 pud dling furnaces are now working on coal and 27 on gas. There is also an occasional short age of gas at these works in the finishing de partment When this occurs the boiler supply is reduced enough to allow a su -ficiency in the beating furnaces. At the Millvale mill the plant is closed down in definitely on account of a demand for an advance in wages made by some of the em ployes. At the works of the Braddock Wire Nail Company the wire departments have resumeu worK, alter making the annual re pairs. It is likely that the men in the wire nail department now out on a strike, by reason of tbe dismissal of twd nailers for their supposed connection with the organiza tion of the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers' lodge at that place, will return to work this week, if the reinstatement of the men takes place as the company promises. Suffering From Gas Shortage. AtPark Brothers & Co.'s Black Diamond Steel "Works they are suffering greatly by the shortage of gas. Part of last week their crucible departments were working only half capacity, and five out of the seven open hearth turnaceswere idle. Wood was being consumed under tbe boilers, and not enough steam could be raised to run the hammer department full. It is rumored tnat this firm very recently sank $85,000 in their endeavors to secure a'sufficient supply of gas to run their mill. Laughlin & Co. have banked one of their three blast lurnaces, located at Laughlin station, thus throwing the men out of em ployment. This action is due to the very large stocks of iron they have on hand and the abnormal depression in the prices of pig iron, in the face of which they decided to shut down one of their furnaces. It was ru mored some time ago that the firm contem plated the erection of a fourth furnace at this plant. At Carnegie, Pfaipps & Co.'s Upper and Lower Union Mills they are still in a condition of gas shortage. The puddlers in both mills are making but two and three heats per turn, instead of five, and the finishing departments are also in terrupted in their work. At the lower mill a change of hours was tried, in order to se cure more work. There is much dissatis faction expressed by the men at the great loss of time. It is rumored that the Upper mill is to be removed to the vacant tract of land adjoining the Homestead mijl. The Allegheny Bessemer Steel Works is closed down for general repairs. At the Homestead mill ot Carnegie, Phipps & Co., which is probably the only mill in the country working on the sliding scale basis, the scale- of wages for the ensuing three months has been settled. The scale is based on an average of $27 per ton for 4x4 steel billets, and is a reduction of a little more than 9 per cent from the scale of the last three months. This system has been in operation at these works for one and one half years, and will remain in force until July, 1892. The results have been satisfac tory, both to the workers and owners. The scale is arranged on tbe average selling price of 4x4 steel billets for three months nnd operates down to a minimum price of $25 per ton. Some Big Orders and Shipments. Thomas Carlin & Sons, of Allegheny, re cently shipped one of their latest improved double nine-foot dry pans for a chemical works; also, an eight-foot ore grinding pan and a nine-foot dry pan for fire-brick; also, a five-foot pan to a brass works for grinding Brass ashes. From their engine department they shipped a 150 horse-power and a 100 horse-power engine and a number of smaller engines; also, an improved 60-foot derrick to Columbus, O., and a 40-foot derrick to Cnba, the latter to be used in hoisting ore on docks. They also shipped two centrifugal pumps, one eight-inch and one iour-inch; three hoisting engines, with boilers, und a lot of contractors' tools to North Carolina. McGill & Co. are constructing in thpir works two 20-ton Hemphill hydraulic cranes, to be used in the Bessemer depart ment of the Edgar Thomson Steel Works in connection with the new 18-ton converters. This company is also constructing a ten-ton crane for tbe Pennsylvania Steel Company's Sparrow Point (Md.) plant, and six hy draulic cylinders, to be used at the raillmill of these works. The Pittsburg Reduction Company produced 9,132 pounds of aluminum during the month of December, with tbe works idle six days during the month. The largest month's production was during November, when it amouuted to 10,688 pounds. The dinereut loundries in and about the city report trade very good, thongh prices are unsausiaciory. ai me .anchor Foundry and Machine Company they have been working donble turn for some time on a large number of orders for rolling mill and blastfurnace machinery. At the works of Sterritt & Thomas they are very busv in their foundry on heavy and medium weight castings. At A. Speer & Son's works they are running full in all departments, and their foundry is busy on special castings. At Mcintosh, Hemphill & Co. 'a they con tinue very busy; such is also the case at the Porter and Douthett Company, Scaife Foundry and Machine Company, L. M. Morris, A. Garrison, Robinson, Eea & Co.! aud, in fact, in all the iron foundries in this vicinity. Improvements and Additions. The Duquesne Tube Compady is having added another lap-weld furnace. Tho Pitts burg Wire Company has been organized with a capital of $160,000 to erect a works at Braddock for the manufacture of copper wire. The Canonsbnrg Iron and Steel Company will greatly enlarge its present capacity of 4,000 tons of sheet Iron and steel for stamping and galvanizing purposes. The new plant f Hussey, Binns & Co., at Charleroi, fs so far completed that some ot the furnaces were lighted last week. The company is now engaged in moving the ma chinery from their old works in this city. At the Edgar Thomson Worki several important improvements are contemplated, which will greatly add to the capacity of the works as well as cheapen the cost ol making steel rails. Tbe present converting mill, which contains (our ten-ton converters, is not sufficient to operate the works to their full capacity, and a new con verting mill, which" is expected will be the largest and best equipped converting de partment in the world, will be erected in the site of the present mill. The new mill will contain four 18-ton converters. The present cupola house is a small affair, and will also be replaced by a new one, which is under construction at present It will be erected separate from the converting mill being built on the snnth side of the present mill. It will Boon be ready for the placing of the four cupolas, and other machinery. The remainder of the old blooming mill will be torn down and furnaces similar to those built under the supervision of the late Captain Jones, and capable of holding ten angots will be used entirely. The charging buggies, invented by Cap tain Jones, will bensed with improved ma chinery. A new 40-inch blooming mill, to be the largest in the country, will be built and will be capable ot rolling an ingot over 22 inches thick, while heretoiore the size of the ingots rolled was only 14 inches. A new engine and an entirely new set of rolls and heavier machinery will be necessary to run this mill. In the new rail mill a larger and heavier engine will replace the engine now operating the smoothing rolls. Larger blooms than have' ever been rolled before will then be put through, and rails heavier than 85 pounds to the yard can be made. A Uright Prospect Ahead. The outlook for the steady operation of all themills making iron and steel in this vi cinity for the year 1891, which is a very im portant question to tbe thousands employed at manual labor in the mills, as well as to tbe small merchants, who are in a very great degree dependent on these workmen for their trade, is very bright and encourag ing. As a general rule, fluctuations in the valueof iron and steel products do not af fect the wages of the skilled and unkskilled workmen. To them it is more a question of activity in trade, a steady demand and con sequent steady work. The united opinion ol local manufacturers is that the year just ushered in will surpass any previous year in the history of the country, in the point of productiou and con sumption of iron and steel, and which will insure uninterrupted employment to mill workmen, and Increased prosperity for this city. C. K. MORE THAN SATISFIED. AN EXCITING EXCTJBSI0IT AFTEE SOME UEQHO LAB0BEBS. The Lively Experience of a Passenger Agent In Jtarth Carolina Driven From Town as Soon as His Object Ilecame Known to Indignant Whites. rSPSClAi. TEUtORAX TO THX DISr.i.TCR.1 Bibmikgham, Ala., Jan. 16. Charles Jones, passenger agent ol the Kansas City, Memphis and Birmingham Railroad, has just returned from North Carolina, where he went to secure 500 negro laborers for planters in Arkansas. He returned without the negroes, and says he is glad to get back with his life. "If the Arkansas planters want negro laborers from North Carolina they may go after them, I'm not going any more," said Mr. Jones. When asked to tell his experience tbe passenger agent shud dered. "I came near being mobbed three times, and had to slip out of several places at night and on foot At Enfield, N. C, as soon ai the white people learned X was in the town and my business, they called a meetingjof the Town Council. The Council at once passed an ordinance that any man who came there to entice negro laborers away wonld be regarded as a snspicious and dangerous character and given one hour to leave town, never to return. If he remains over the alloted time he will be fined $50 and then imprisoned, if he still persists in remaining on any pretext Well, sir, when the Town Marshal came to notily me of tbe new ordinance, which went into effect at once, there were lully 100 white men right behind him, and most of them looked like they wanted to lynch me on the spot They would not listen to a word I had to say. I must leave witbm an hour. The Marshal finally consented that I might re main until the next train, but he detailed a man to watch me aud see that I did not talk to any negroes. "At another little town over there they did not take time to call tbe Council together to pass a law. A committee waited on me five minutes after I got off the train and gave me SO minutes to leave town. I had to leave that place on foot and walk ten miles to the next station. At a small station where I stopped one day the crowd caught on to me while I was talking to the depot agent, and they made a rush for me. Now you git, an' you want to be mi'ty quick abont it too, said the leader; and again I had to walk out of town. "Twenty tbonsand negroes were taken out of North Carolina last year and sent to the big Mississippi river plantations, but someof tbe railroad passenger agents who go over there after negroes this year are go ing to get lynched if they don't mind. I don't want any more of this negro business in mine. I'll go out in tbe mountains and ticket some Mormon converts to Utah. You ''see there are not enough negroes left over there to run the plantations, and the white men know their tenants would not have left except for the passenger and labor agents. They are laying for agents now, I tell you, and they'll make it hot Jor me of them." A NEW TOKIC business mud has entirely lost his memory. In THE DISPATCH to morrow Murray will give the story in detail. A C0MEDUH PUNCHED. The Manager of the Company Knocks Ont Actor Hampton. New Yobk, Jan. 16. Alfred Hampton, the comedian, who is a shining light in the "City Directory," carried a bloody nose on the stage during the performance at the Lee Avenue Academy in Brooklyn a few nights ago. The attaches of tbe theater said that the manager ot the show had punched Mr. Hampton, and it got into print that Ariel N. Barney was the assailant Bat Mr. Barney was in Baltimore at the time, and he has since vigorously tele graphed a denial. This led to an explana tion, and it has been revealed to the surprise of the theatrical fraternity in town, that Mr. Hampton's injuries were received at the hands of John H. Eussel, manager and owner of the "City Directory" and several other farcical shows. Hampton, it appears, bad recently signed to join another company. News of this came to Russet's ears, and he visited Hampton's dressing room. There he reproached the actor with base ingrati tude, qualifying his regret by asserting that it was not because Hampton was talented; it wai only beeanse Ruisell had ordered lithographs ot him and would have to pay for them. An eye witness says that Russell then struck Hampton several times, and also grabbed a flask which was in the room. Hampton is slender and not strong, while Russell is portly and always in training. Naturally the comedian sunered consider ably. He will leave the troupe, and his friends say he will sue Russell. To Be IT on-Partisan. Vandalia, 111., Jan. 16. A petition is being circulated here, and is being numer ously signed by citizens, whereby tbe peti tioners pledge themselves to eschew politics at the coming city election and to support a oitiieni' ticket. -I : L-, PAGES 9 TO 12. - c STANDING ARMY Major General 0. 0. Howard Imparts Some Decidedly Interesting IDEAS TO YOUNG CITIZENS,- The Imperative Necessity of a Proper Self-Preservation. WITHOUT SOME SORT OP A FORCE Society Soon Becomes a Prey to Crlmlnil Conspiracies. NOT A DISGBACE TO BE A SOLDIEE The ethics of Rev. Dr. Wayland, of the Brown University, R. I., as put forth ia his "Jloral Science," became, before the Rebellion, the accepted standard through out New England. His proverbs were used, omitting here and there a chapter, as Bible truth, even at the Military Academy. His teachings in the chapters omitted at West Point were against war and any prepara tions for war. Charles Sumner when a young man composed his great oration on "The Grandeur of Nations." It was a superb array of sentiments adverse to armies and the use of armies. And I hesitate not to say that at that time there was a sentiment nearly universal against war of any kind, offensive or defensive; against any sort of standing army and other forcible means of public defense. The prophecy that tbere would come a time when the lion and the lamb would lie down together, was taken as if a command; and tbe prediction that nations would learn war no pore, a state, like the millennium, to be wished and prayed for, was imposed upon man and society as a sacred duty to be at once performed. The ethical teaching, aris ing from the Quaker interpretation of our Lord's practical precepts, necessarily created a deep-seated prejudice against our regular navy and our standing army. There was doubtless in earlier times, too, a strong feel ing against the British regulars during both of our wars with Great Britain. The largo proportion of the mercenaries that made up the invading forces, by their cruel and care less conduct, added to this antipathy. And, back of all that, there was the well recog nized fact in the time of George the Tbird, that the British common soldier ranked so low in the scale of humanity that it was a disgrace for a civilian to associate with him. .This.it may be, has had a potent influence upon all families whose ancestors came hither from England. The Sentiment of New England. The immigrants from other nations also brought equally strong prejudices against the Jorces, often made up of conscripts, that were wielded against their fathers by auto cratic power. At any rate, the instant a war was over and armed men could be dis pensed with, our New England people have hurried them out of sight and the old argu ments have come back to beget again the same oil conditions of weakness and nnpre paredness even for a reasonable Govern mental protection "by land and by sea. It is the part ai wisdom to notice how quickly a "Fort Sumter" affair, threatening the life of the nation, reversed the faulty, prejudiced common sentiment The author of the "Grandeur of Nations" added gran deur to his own nation by fostering the war power; and urging tbe people to sustain the army which was mainly filled with those who a few months before were themselves reckoned as non-combatants. How the world rejoiced when General Gordon, of England, stepped lortb, liks Joshua of old, to lead relieving forces and save a people from a cruel fate. And how puerile the sentiment that withheld from him the needed army. Doubtless our Heavenly Father could have interposed His strong hand, stayed tbe Mahdi with his terrible hosts, and given to bis servant, Gor don, a miraculous victory; but, in fact, He did not vouchsafe so to do. Tbe delays of a sufficient force to reach Khartoum, beat back the Mahdi, and rescue the noble Gor don with his helpless dependents, have set back the index on the dial-plate of civiliza tion at least a quarter of a century. O, for the proper preparation! The need how plain. A well-appointed and well-commanded army, our God would, I believe, have blessed and helped in the time ot Gor don's senseless exposure and barbarous martyrdom. A Proper Public Sentiment Public sentiment, spreading from East to West, which of course ought to be fostered in the interest of peace, when it takes such radical freaks against the army and jhe pub lic defense as to bring discredit on the soldier's uniform, carries with it a very de cided opposition to all military tendencies in tbe edncation of youtn. On reflection, however, it is believed that, excepting a few extremists, tbe majority of our lellow citi zens recognize tbe right and imperative necessity of a proper self-preservation, even to the extent of exercising a governmental power over tbe taking of human life. Certainly a genuine patriotism implies strong, bard virtues, which are limited only by Hie itself, to hold in a firm grasp all an archy, whether it be secret, insidious, plot ting and nndermining, or already organized nnd openly clutching at tbe throat of the Republic. Arbitration, pushed with all needed pitieuce aud helped by exercising all the spiritual and mental force of Chris tian men, will now be given the fore-front against any and every impending threat of war; but spiritual and moral force always require an essential body-force to gain re spect and to secure justice and honor. Weak governments, except where they are used for policy's sake, are even to-day laughed at and ignored by tbe great powers of Europe. To have no army is akin to having no policemen, no fire department, no safes, no locked gates or doors. Without some sort of an army, society becomes at once a prey to"dynamiters"and other crimi nal conspiracies. During the Rebellion the service ot our regular army cannot well be over-estimated. The Best School of Experience. Once military people. In time of need, put their utmost confidence in a man because he graduated from the national military school. They trusted him with large commands; and such still believe the West Point pro vision of leaders to be a sufficient guarantee for auyemergency that may arise. But tbe truth is that the army experience, after graduating, was ever most important The old army and frontier staff commands and the duties were the post-graduate schools that fitted men for greater scope, while the Mexican and the constant Indian wars gave them the richest practical experience. The little army of to-dav is in itself a most pregnant and active school; I mean over and beyond the armies and arsenals, the torpedo and engineer school of "SVillet's Point, the artillery teaching at Fort Mon roe, the cavalry at Fort Riley and the in fantry at Fort Leavenworth. At alithe posts and garrisons there Is an extensive curriculum of theoretic and practical mili tary instruction that is fitting every intelli gent, patriotic officer and man to handle armies. It is all this the regular army in its entirety staff and line, brings bv its constant study and practice the art of war up to date; assimilates all the new dis co veriti in mechanics to the country's needs; follows up with experiments all advances ia J i ! I . . . . ?
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers