> WO papers. emocrat he Cinein. r, or Pitts. For $is50 you can The Centr and eit nati En burg “MOST NEWS ST MONEY" . he Centre Lemor CHAS. R. KURTZ Ed. and Prop. INDEPENDENCE FOR CUBA Demands Prompt Action House The WAR NOW SEEMS IMMINENT Immediate Armed Intervention By a Decisive | Vote of 322 to 19~The Senate Will Take Action—Spain Responsible for the Maine Disaster, M'KINLEY'S MESSAGE. A synopsis of McKinley's Cuban mes- sage will be found on page 2. On page three a brief summary of the war news of the past week,along with the action of This covers an accurate Wednesday Congress on the question. all the and concise important events in form up to morning. The latest developments of Wednesday are herewith briefly toud : WEDNESDAY'S PROCEEDINGS. Wednesday opened with the announce- ment that the American cable to Cuba had been cut at the other end, that the Flying Squadron had been ordered t sea, and that the two great Am built boats of the American Line, the St. © Louis and St. Paul, had been acquired by the government. It ended with a prac tical declaration of w a the the House, and a to the Committee ar ug scathing most the Senate by ervention to secure Armed int A} the pacification but the i indeg ha ems likely to begin ne Cuba, seems likely to begin ne and will not be delayed any longer the LAK 10T is necessary President to make the final The adopted Wednesday evening, by a vote of 322 to empowering him to carry out that pur pose, and the same or a similar week is out, unless the unexpected hap- pens. The House joint resolution, as adopted, and the preamble follow HOUSE RESOLUTION, “Whereas, The Government of Spain for three years past has been waging war on the island of Cuba against a revolution by the inhabitants thereof, without making any substantial progress toward the suppression of said revolu- tion, and has conducted the warfare in a manner contrary to the laws of nations, by methods inhuman and uancivil- ized, causing the death by starvation of more than two hundred thousand inno cent non-combatants, the victims bemng for the most part helpless women and children; inflicting intolerable injury to the commercial iuterests of the United States, involving the destruction of the lives and property of many of our citi- zens, entailing the expenditure of mi lions of money in patrolling our coasts and policing the high sees in order to maintain our neutrality; and, Resolved, etc., that the President is hereby authorized and directed to inter- vene at once to stop the war in Cuba, to the end and with the purpose of secur. ing permanent peace and order there and establishing, by the free action of the people thereof, a staple and inde- pendent government of their own in the island of Cuba, and the President is here- by authorized and empowered to use the land and vaval forces of the United States to execute the purpose of this res. olution. arrangements, House 19, a resolution d aud irecting Senate will adopt the 1esolution before the It will be observed that the House re solutions does not demand the withdraw al of Spain from Cuba or declare the in- dependence of the people of Cuba, br does pr things. There solutions. With callin and N book at Mr in effect | ide wide are no Democratic Mr. Brumm, of g Mr. Barlett, of Ges Ir. Bartlett, of Georgla, Irumm that cut the face of one of the pages, followed by what was almost a free fig’, and entirely like a football scrimmage, so that the sergeant. at-arms and his mace were disregarded, and stalwart members had to pull the combatants out into the lobby before the Speaker could restore order. THE SENATE RESOLUTIONS. The preamble and resolutions agreed | upon by a majority of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and submitted to the Senate to-day by Senator Davis are as follows : Whereas, The abhorent conditions which bave existed for more than three years in the island of Cuba, so near our own borders, have shocked the moral sense of the people of the United States, have been a disgrace to Christian civili- | zation, culminating, as they have, in the destruction of a United States battleship, with two hundred and sixty.six of its officers and crew, whileon a friendly visit in the harbor of Havana, and can. not longer be endured, as has been set forth by the President of the United States in his message to Congress of April 11, 1898, upon which the action of Congress was invited, Therefore, Resolved, First, that the people of the island of Caba are and of right ought to be, free and independent, Second, That it is the duty of the U nited States to demand, and the gov. ernment of the United States does bere- Continued on page 4. | of 130 vessels, HISTORY REPEATS ITSELF, It Looks Like It in the Case of the Spanish Armada, The setback the Spanish torpedo flotilla has received by being forced to put back into Cape de Verde Islands suggests that the modern “Atmada in the Little,” as it has been called, may meet finally the fate of the old armada, that came to grief in English waters, 1898 consists of six torpedo boats and a convoy. is said to have had 65 galleons and great ships, 25,300 and 700-ton boats, 1g tend. ers, 14 frigates, four galleasses and four It had a tonnage of 75,868 tons, It was armed with 2,435 guns, 125,000 galleys, rounds of shot and more than 5,000 hun. dred weight of powder, Of sailors there The church was represented by 200 fathers were 8,450, and of soldiers, 20,000. and monks. This tremendous sea force was sent by Philip II to destroy Eugland and its queen, Elizabeth, and lo restore the people of the country to their mother church. For years it had been in pre- paration, and never history With armada of to-dav, in was such a power concentrated. all that, S s little ws westward, could of the sea in one hour, Pert 1] Right i from Lisbin on } TAN power set out with colors flyin us for AL may 10 be doomed from the Soon after sailing it was dispersed storm that ripped its masts from nd tore its sails like rotten rags. It concentrated once More, and satled forth in the fol- lowing july. When Philip began to get had the armada sailed his armada together Eugland ships. the this number bad been materially increas. ships couverted leet uned by was ma indifferent sailors, but the commanders were the bravest, bold. the Lord Howard, of Effingham was the head of the navy and under him were and most skilled world est mariners in such noted sail Francis ome otucers ers with good wild history of the sea there is no mau so picturesque as Sir ancis Drake Howard waited he was warned that the armada was in sight would soon pass Plymouth. In July the Span. iards were seen standing up the channel The ships were deployed in the shape of their They were a crescent seven miles long and number was now 150 in command ofthe Duke of Medina Sidonia. That night Howard sailed out of Plymoth and when day « the Sound, ame the Span The to close in and jards saw enemy in full rig. Duke ordered the ships begin a general engagement. This was attempted, but it failed. Howard had mapped « 1 Englis it his plan in advance. The h ships were man red with that ve such consumate could On the gallieons nners and British gun. Ss were Not a Spanish shot strike, while the ships quive 1 smashed lis) their decks Heartsick at this failure, the armada turned and sailed up (be channel, with Drake and Howard at their heels. For six days, driven by the armada retreated, Not once did the action take on the digns- ty of a battle. The Spaniards did not strike a single blow, English shot, + Two weeks later the Duke drew in at Calais, but Howard routed him into the open by sending ships set on fire into his precincts. How. {ard ordered Drake to pursue, and the | fearless buccaneer would have eaten up | the Spanish had his munitions held out. [ As it was, he had peppered 5,000 of them dead. The armada was beaten. Me. dina Sidouia decided to return to Spain | around Scotland and Ireland. As they rounded another storm struck them. | They caw in this the hand of their God | and were overcome with great fear. But | prayer availed not. Their ships became lacerated by the wind and wave. Many of them were driven onto the west coast of Ireland and there were ground to pieces and swallowed up by the sea. | Their soldiers and sailors and priests who | | escaped the wet death of the ocean fell {mito the hands of men who cut their | throats promptly and pleasantly, with. {out benefit of thrift. The others sank | into the yeast of waves which mar alike the Armada’s pride or spoils of Trafal- gar. The armada returned to Spain to be execrated by its own people, The armada of 1588 consisted | By the best authorities it | BELLEFONTE, PA., THURSDAY, APRIL 14, 1808. ENLIGHTENED WARFARE It is an International Game on Which There are Strict Rules | OBSERVED BY BOTH SIDES The armada of | | Spies and Lies are Legitimate Weapons, But Hot Shot and Poison are no Longer An loteresting Resume. Although warfare is a relic of barbar- | ism, it must be waged between enlight. ened nations with adhetence strict to many binding rules, from The President and those of his inferiors who prescribed time to time by iuternational law. would be influential factors in a war must be ith between conversant w this code, which ully as binding ig their hb between two nations the iolation of HOr as Is slo two men, V these rules on the part of either bel f dignif ger. would invite the contempt o more and whether at the le death. maxe barous they will, terminate the unless stroke, speedily war. Although hundreds may lose their lives at once from such weapons as submarine rams, mines or t are considered and lawiul , Chain shot hollow shot LL 3 : ; are considered cruel instruments of War, on the other hand, and no self respecting nation would employ them. Red. hot shot were used in the the Great wars of Frederick Cannon balls were heated to redness and fired to combine the tortures fuscs were The chain was made as long as migh desired, and by its mears large bodies of if by men could be Lorribly mangled as the stroke of a giant scythe LIES ARE HONORABLE WEAPONS Hollow shot hollow bullets considered crue or were | because they became flattened and irregular after coming in Allowable~Spies, Chalo Shot, Prisoners i { dividual, ather is generally looked upon as It would be improper, therefore, for one of a dishonorable character, | our Generals to order a man to act as a spy. All spies must be strictly volunteers, It is an interesting fact that should a spy his he in a technical succeed in joing ary vould | cease to be a spy sense, and unless captured in the act of carry- ing fresh information he could not be | captured except as a prisoner of war, No soldier in uniform could be executed | 4S a Spy serving the enemy, since a spy is necessarily a person in disguise, acting i under false pretenses or secreted some- where, Men engaged in surveying a | Spanish fortification or camp in a balloon, for instance, could not be considered as spies, although their balloon might be de- | stroyed as a vessel of war, f eaptured alive the balloonists could be held only as prisoners of war. A man in of the (United States caught in miormation 0 a Hi carrying mander would be executed he would be el have always Owest to Washingtos our statesn Prisoners ol war, in The eel err prisGucrs athe Preatde ng the Presid inter: laws demand ths such restraint SArY fever contact with bone, thus making wounds | unnecessarily painful. Langrel, compos. ed of nails, knife blades, bits of iron, tc., which made horrible wounds, is for- bidden for the same ” reason. Projectiles of an explosive nature or charged with inflammable substances are now « Of unlawful between nations, if than 14 ounces. Like forbidden ancient wars customary to use poisoned arrows os poison the rivers flowing While it Spain or the United States to lay intoan enemy's would be proper for waste the standing crops of the other 1) merely totemporarily reduce a district to deprivation, it w vinewards uld be illegal! to uproot $0 as to deso. A flag of truce, a Red Cross hospital flag or a signal of distress displayed by Spain, , orchards, etc late the country for years afterward, for instance, would have to pe respected by our forces, and no one protected by such a signal would be harmed. Should a body of Spanish soldiers or sailors show | such a signal fraudulently, however, ic | would be considered a gross act of | treachery, punishable by death. A more [treacherous act would be the assassina- | tion of a statesman or officer of a hostile | country. The killing of the enemy how. | ever, by a combatant in uniform would not be considered as an act of assigna.- tion, but as a legitimate act of war, since | by wearing the garb of a soldier an ene- my runs an honorable risk. It is also | considered as legitimate warfare to dis- { tribute lies for the misdirection of an {enemy or to sail under false colors. | Should a Spanish privateer, for exam. | ple, come upon une of our vessels while sailing under false colors, she would be required by the laws of war to show her an agsault she wonld properly fig a gun across the bow of the opposing ship as a warning to “heave to." SPIES ARR LEGISIMATR. The employment of spies is stil! consid. ered as iegitimate warfare among en. lightened nations, but the spy, as an in- own colors before firing. Before making | oners of war who have der promise that t : f i or deserters would, of cour be made it wou duty of President M foreign CAD ey through our embassadors and immediately notify the ruler of every neutral nation. Unless such information should be given, a government could not be held responsible for any breach of the neutrality laws. No neutral state, such as Mexico, for instance, if so informed, could permit an armed force belonging to either gide to remain on its territory while contemplating an attack. CASE OF "HANDS OFp.” | of fugitives taking refuge from the pur. | suit of the enemy, Mexico would be sim- | ply extending its hospitality by allowing | them to come over the line, According to the general practice they would be | disarmed and retained by Mexico until the war should close. Likewise, we | could not properly march a body of | forces through France, into Spain, al | | though the waters of France in such al | case would not be considered as neutral | territory, unless France should especial. { ly stipulate that they should not be pass. |ed over by either belligerent. Should | we take the Philippines, for example we could not sell them to any neutral gov. emment, like Japan or China, during a war with Spain, or until our right to the conquest should become properly con. Continued on page 4, | marshalling of studied phrases. | Hill, in Independence Hall, July 4, 1776 ‘or in the hearts of the brave men | sage is a summons to retreat, flabby and nerviess, : ra COMMENTS ON THE MESSAGE How It Was Received by Congress and Others IT DISPLAYED WEAKNESS It Was Comprehensive in the Facts and Posi. tions but Indefinite, Uncertain and Weak A in Conclusion Few Opinions and Criticisms on the Noted Document At last President McKinley ba the |} Tuesday it was delivered to congre ted ong-withheld message. impatience of the nation was wel 1 ni; % : exhausted and the Presiden to the extremity of either document or seein H . . 3 Tt ” a suggests he be given aval forces at - f ist of the unspeakable ” M At What Wordy PAaias of men Jackson, who it would bave found in deeds, not words, his solvent for the problem. The foul assassination of the Maine set aside as a matter to be determined in the inter. minable logquacities of diplomacy. Ag: gressive Americanism ? Not a manifes- tation of it appears in all the President's Not one trace of the spirit that burned at Bunker ering aborious citath words Int Crisis who stood by Jackson mn the Louisiana swamps in 1814 gleams from the raackish mass of | sordid words and pitiable timidity which Should the force be a defeated army | McKinley sent to Congress in lieu of a call to arms, The President has pro. foundly disappointed the American peo. ple. Bastend of a call to arms his mes. tis weak, The leading republican papers are now engaged in the herculean task of | apologizing for the shortcomings of Presi. dent McKinley, In this connection it is refreshing to read an extract of Grover Cleveland's | famous Veunzuclan message which put a | stop, quick, to Hoglish land grabbing. | | With all his faults, be had a great ng | back bone and at times comprehended a patriotic duty : “I am, nevertheless, firm iv my con. victions that, while it is a grievous thin to contemplate the two great Eugl speaking peoples of the world as being otherwise than friendly competitors in the onward march of civilization, and strenuous and worthy rivals ia all the ’ During the year, 1807, there were printed W217 complete copies of Tun Cesrue DEMo- CRAY, or 2052 ech week, al- lowing for misprints, our dct. ual average sworn cireula Lion was over 2.000 COPIES PER WEEK Intelligent advertisers will appreciate this statement L. aits of peace, there | a great pation can ins equals that which follows a supine submission to wrong and injustice and the lo national ! hi beneath why a people of safety and gr VOL. 20, XO. 15. no calamity which te which cauent self-respect i honor, : fone 1 ire shielded and defended ol Old Grover defied the gre McKin jectly before a weak decad power on earth FURTHER OVINI After the President many of the le; Rep Dakota to have bee ep John E g—The me id un-American Hami The : ory pena Osborne Sage is ¢ a1 ¢ 1 Rep. ngion f inncle at the skewer fact im to get up and make anoth late at night, He found the boys cap f Mr, awakened and the mill loating in the water at the mill. Gerbrick was race drawn off Ten feet from the forbay the body of the child was found. This was about 3 o'clock this morning. The child likely made a misstep while walking along the side of the race. when going back to the skewer brother, factor ¢ for his The interment will take place Friday afternoon at 2p. m.. Services will be held at the residence on Howard street. ——— - FLYING SQUADRON SAILS Old Point Comfort, April 13, f.10p. m ~The flying squadron sails at 2 o'clock under sealed orders, The fleet comprises the commodore's flagship Brooklyn, the battleships Massa- chusetts and Texas, and the cruisers | Minneapolis and Columbia, Of course the destination of the squad ron is unknown, but the orders to sail were received with enthusiasm by the officers and men who have been impa- tiently awaiting a call to action. At the Navy Department the inform. ation is given that the squadron is going upon a brief cruise.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers