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and eit
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“MOST NEWS ST MONEY"
.
he Centre Lemor
CHAS. R. KURTZ Ed. and Prop.
INDEPENDENCE
FOR CUBA
Demands Prompt
Action
House
The
WAR NOW SEEMS IMMINENT
Immediate Armed Intervention By a Decisive |
Vote of 322 to 19~The Senate Will Take
Action—Spain Responsible for the Maine
Disaster,
M'KINLEY'S MESSAGE.
A synopsis of McKinley's Cuban mes-
sage will be found on page 2. On page
three a brief summary of the war news
of the past week,along with the action of
This covers
an accurate
Wednesday
Congress on the question.
all the
and concise
important events in
form up to
morning.
The latest developments of Wednesday
are herewith briefly toud :
WEDNESDAY'S PROCEEDINGS.
Wednesday opened with the announce-
ment that the American cable to Cuba
had been cut at the other end, that the
Flying Squadron had been ordered t
sea, and that the two great Am
built boats of the American Line, the St.
©
Louis and St. Paul, had been acquired by
the government. It ended with a prac
tical declaration of w a the
the House, and a
to the
Committee
ar ug
scathing
most
the
Senate by
ervention to secure
Armed int
A}
the pacification but the i
indeg
ha ems likely to begin ne
Cuba, seems likely to begin ne
and will not be delayed any longer
the
LAK
10T
is necessary President to make
the final The
adopted Wednesday evening, by a vote
of 322 to
empowering him to carry out that pur
pose, and the
same or a similar
week is out, unless the unexpected hap-
pens. The House joint resolution, as
adopted, and the preamble follow
HOUSE RESOLUTION,
“Whereas, The Government of Spain
for three years past has been waging
war on the island of Cuba against a
revolution by the inhabitants thereof,
without making any substantial progress
toward the suppression of said revolu-
tion, and has conducted the warfare in
a manner contrary to the laws of nations,
by methods inhuman and uancivil-
ized, causing the death by starvation of
more than two hundred thousand inno
cent non-combatants, the victims bemng
for the most part helpless women and
children; inflicting intolerable injury to
the commercial iuterests of the United
States, involving the destruction of the
lives and property of many of our citi-
zens, entailing the expenditure of mi
lions of money in patrolling our coasts
and policing the high sees in order to
maintain our neutrality; and,
Resolved, etc., that the President is
hereby authorized and directed to inter-
vene at once to stop the war in Cuba, to
the end and with the purpose of secur.
ing permanent peace and order there
and establishing, by the free action of
the people thereof, a staple and inde-
pendent government of their own in the
island of Cuba, and the President is here-
by authorized and empowered to use the
land and vaval forces of the United
States to execute the purpose of this res.
olution.
arrangements, House
19, a resolution d aud
irecting
Senate will adopt the
1esolution before the
It will be observed that the House re
solutions does not demand the withdraw
al of Spain from Cuba or declare the in-
dependence of the people of Cuba, br
does pr
things.
There
solutions.
With
callin
and N
book at Mr
in effect |
ide
wide
are no Democratic
Mr. Brumm, of
g Mr. Barlett, of Ges
Ir. Bartlett, of Georgla,
Irumm that cut the face of
one of the pages, followed by what was
almost a free fig’, and entirely like a
football scrimmage, so that the sergeant.
at-arms and his mace were disregarded,
and stalwart members had to pull the
combatants out into the lobby before
the Speaker could restore order.
THE SENATE RESOLUTIONS.
The preamble and resolutions agreed |
upon by a majority of the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee and submitted to
the Senate to-day by Senator Davis are
as follows :
Whereas, The abhorent conditions
which bave existed for more than three
years in the island of Cuba, so near our
own borders, have shocked the moral
sense of the people of the United States,
have been a disgrace to Christian civili- |
zation, culminating, as they have, in the
destruction of a United States battleship,
with two hundred and sixty.six of its
officers and crew, whileon a friendly
visit in the harbor of Havana, and can.
not longer be endured, as has been set
forth by the President of the United
States in his message to Congress of
April 11, 1898, upon which the action of
Congress was invited, Therefore,
Resolved, First, that the people of the
island of Caba are and of right ought
to be, free and independent,
Second, That it is the duty of the
U nited States to demand, and the gov.
ernment of the United States does bere-
Continued on page 4.
| of 130 vessels,
HISTORY REPEATS ITSELF,
It Looks Like It in the Case of the Spanish
Armada,
The setback the Spanish torpedo flotilla
has received by being forced to put back
into Cape de Verde Islands suggests that
the modern “Atmada in the Little,” as
it has been called, may meet finally the
fate of the old armada, that came to
grief in English waters,
1898 consists of six torpedo boats and a
convoy.
is said to have had 65 galleons and great
ships, 25,300 and 700-ton boats, 1g tend.
ers, 14 frigates, four galleasses and four
It had a tonnage of 75,868 tons,
It was armed with 2,435 guns, 125,000
galleys,
rounds of shot and more than 5,000 hun.
dred weight of powder, Of sailors there
The
church was represented by 200 fathers
were 8,450, and of soldiers, 20,000.
and monks. This tremendous sea force
was sent by Philip II to destroy Eugland
and its queen, Elizabeth, and lo restore
the people of the country to their mother
church. For years it had been in pre-
paration, and never history
With
armada of to-dav,
in
was such a power concentrated.
all that, S s little
ws westward, could
of the sea in one hour,
Pert 1]
Right i
from Lisbin on }
TAN power set
out
with colors flyin us for
AL may
10 be doomed from the
Soon after sailing it was dispersed
storm that ripped its masts from
nd tore its sails like rotten
rags. It concentrated once
More, and satled forth in the fol-
lowing july. When Philip began to get
had
the armada sailed
his armada together
Eugland
ships. the
this number bad been materially increas.
ships couverted
leet uned by
was ma
indifferent sailors, but
the commanders were the bravest, bold.
the
Lord Howard, of Effingham was
the head of the navy and under him were
and most skilled
world
est mariners
in
such noted sail
Francis
ome otucers
ers with good
wild history of the sea there is no mau so
picturesque as Sir ancis Drake
Howard waited he was warned
that the armada was in sight would
soon pass Plymouth. In July the Span.
iards were seen standing up the channel
The ships were deployed in the shape of
their
They were
a crescent seven miles long and
number was now 150 in
command ofthe Duke of Medina Sidonia.
That night Howard sailed out of Plymoth
and when day «
the
Sound, ame the Span
The
to close in and
jards saw enemy in full rig.
Duke ordered the ships
begin a general engagement. This was
attempted, but it failed. Howard had
mapped «
1
Englis
it his plan in advance. The
h ships were man red with
that
ve
such consumate could
On the
gallieons
nners and
British gun.
Ss were Not
a Spanish shot strike, while the
ships quive 1 smashed
lis) their decks
Heartsick at this
failure, the armada turned and sailed up
(be channel, with Drake and Howard at
their heels. For six days, driven by
the armada retreated,
Not once did the action take on the digns-
ty of a battle. The Spaniards did not
strike a single blow,
English shot,
+
Two weeks later
the Duke drew in at Calais, but Howard
routed him into the open by sending
ships set on fire into his precincts. How.
{ard ordered Drake to pursue, and the
| fearless buccaneer would have eaten up
| the Spanish had his munitions held out.
[ As it was, he had peppered 5,000 of them
dead. The armada was beaten. Me.
dina Sidouia decided to return to Spain
| around Scotland and Ireland. As they
rounded another storm struck them.
| They caw in this the hand of their God
| and were overcome with great fear. But
| prayer availed not. Their ships became
lacerated by the wind and wave. Many
of them were driven onto the west coast
of Ireland and there were ground to
pieces and swallowed up by the sea.
| Their soldiers and sailors and priests who |
| escaped the wet death of the ocean fell
{mito the hands of men who cut their
| throats promptly and pleasantly, with.
{out benefit of thrift. The others sank
| into the yeast of waves which mar alike
the Armada’s pride or spoils of Trafal-
gar. The armada returned to Spain to
be execrated by its own people,
The armada of 1588 consisted |
By the best authorities it |
BELLEFONTE, PA., THURSDAY, APRIL 14, 1808.
ENLIGHTENED
WARFARE
It is an International Game on
Which There are Strict Rules
| OBSERVED BY BOTH SIDES
The armada of |
| Spies and Lies are Legitimate Weapons, But
Hot Shot and Poison are no Longer
An loteresting Resume.
Although warfare is a relic of barbar-
| ism, it must be waged between enlight.
ened nations with adhetence
strict to
many binding rules, from
The
President and those of his inferiors who
prescribed
time to time by iuternational law.
would be influential factors in a war must
be ith
between
conversant w this code, which
ully as binding
ig their hb
between
two nations
the
iolation of
HOr as Is
slo two men, V
these rules on the part of either bel
f dignif
ger.
would invite the contempt o
more and
whether
at the le
death.
maxe
barous
they will,
terminate the
unless
stroke,
speedily
war. Although hundreds
may lose their lives at once from such
weapons as submarine rams, mines or
t
are considered
and
lawiul
, Chain shot hollow shot
LL 3 : ;
are considered cruel instruments of War,
on the other hand, and no self respecting
nation would employ them. Red. hot
shot were used in the
the Great
wars of Frederick
Cannon balls were heated to
redness and fired to combine the tortures
fuscs
were
The chain was made as long as migh
desired, and by its mears large bodies of
if by
men could be Lorribly mangled as
the stroke of a giant scythe
LIES ARE HONORABLE WEAPONS
Hollow shot hollow bullets
considered crue
or were
| because they became
flattened and irregular after coming in
Allowable~Spies, Chalo Shot, Prisoners i
{ dividual,
ather
is generally looked upon as
It
would be improper, therefore, for one of
a dishonorable character,
| our Generals to order a man to act as a
spy. All spies must be strictly volunteers,
It is an interesting fact that should a spy
his he
in a technical
succeed in joing ary vould
| cease to be a spy sense,
and unless captured in the act of carry-
ing fresh information he could not be
| captured except as a prisoner of war,
No soldier in uniform could be executed
| 4S a Spy serving the enemy, since a spy
is necessarily a person in disguise, acting
i under false pretenses or secreted some-
where, Men engaged in surveying a
| Spanish fortification or camp in a balloon,
for instance, could not be considered as
spies, although their balloon might be de-
| stroyed as a vessel of war, f eaptured
alive the balloonists could be held only
as prisoners of war. A man in
of the (United States caught in
miormation 0 a Hi
carrying
mander would be executed
he would be el
have always
Owest
to Washingtos
our statesn
Prisoners ol war, in
The
eel err
prisGucrs
athe Preatde
ng the Presid
inter: laws demand ths
such restraint
SArY
fever
contact with bone, thus making wounds |
unnecessarily painful. Langrel, compos.
ed of nails, knife blades, bits of iron,
tc., which made horrible wounds, is for-
bidden for the same
”
reason. Projectiles
of an explosive nature or charged with
inflammable substances are now «
Of
unlawful between nations, if
than 14 ounces. Like
forbidden
ancient wars
customary to use poisoned arrows os
poison the rivers flowing
While it
Spain or the United States to lay
intoan enemy's
would be proper for
waste the standing crops of the other
1)
merely totemporarily reduce a district to
deprivation, it w
vinewards
uld be illegal! to uproot
$0 as to deso.
A
flag of truce, a Red Cross hospital flag or
a signal of distress displayed by Spain,
, orchards, etc
late the country for years afterward,
for instance, would have to pe respected
by our forces, and no one protected by
such a signal would be harmed. Should
a body of Spanish soldiers or sailors show
| such a signal fraudulently, however, ic
| would be considered a gross act of
| treachery, punishable by death. A more
[treacherous act would be the assassina-
| tion of a statesman or officer of a hostile
| country. The killing of the enemy how.
| ever, by a combatant in uniform would
not be considered as an act of assigna.-
tion, but as a legitimate act of war, since
| by wearing the garb of a soldier an ene-
my runs an honorable risk. It is also
| considered as legitimate warfare to dis-
{ tribute lies for the misdirection of an
{enemy or to sail under false colors.
| Should a Spanish privateer, for exam.
| ple, come upon une of our vessels while
sailing under false colors, she would be
required by the laws of war to show her
an agsault she wonld properly fig a gun
across the bow of the opposing ship as a
warning to “heave to."
SPIES ARR LEGISIMATR.
The employment of spies is stil! consid.
ered as iegitimate warfare among en.
lightened nations, but the spy, as an in-
own colors before firing. Before making |
oners of war who have
der promise that t
: f
i
or deserters
would, of cour
be made it wou
duty of President M
foreign
CAD
ey through our
embassadors and
immediately notify the ruler of every
neutral nation. Unless such information
should be given, a government could not
be held responsible for any breach of the
neutrality laws. No neutral state, such
as Mexico, for instance, if so informed,
could permit an armed force belonging
to either gide to remain on its territory
while contemplating an attack.
CASE OF "HANDS OFp.”
| of fugitives taking refuge from the pur.
| suit of the enemy, Mexico would be sim-
| ply extending its hospitality by allowing
| them to come over the line, According
to the general practice they would be
| disarmed and retained by Mexico until
the war should close. Likewise, we
| could not properly march a body of |
forces through France, into Spain, al |
| though the waters of France in such al
| case would not be considered as neutral |
territory, unless France should especial.
{ ly stipulate that they should not be pass.
|ed over by either belligerent. Should
| we take the Philippines, for example we
could not sell them to any neutral gov.
emment, like Japan or China, during a
war with Spain, or until our right to the
conquest should become properly con.
Continued on page 4,
| marshalling of studied phrases.
| Hill, in Independence Hall, July 4, 1776
‘or in the hearts of the brave men
| sage is a summons to retreat,
flabby and nerviess,
:
ra
COMMENTS ON
THE MESSAGE
How It Was Received by Congress
and Others
IT DISPLAYED WEAKNESS
It Was Comprehensive in the Facts and Posi.
tions but Indefinite, Uncertain and Weak
A
in Conclusion Few Opinions and
Criticisms on the Noted Document
At last President McKinley ba
the |}
Tuesday it was delivered to congre
ted ong-withheld message.
impatience of the nation was wel 1 ni;
% :
exhausted and the Presiden
to the extremity of either
document or seein
H . . 3 Tt ”
a suggests he be given
aval forces at
-
f
ist of the unspeakable ”
M At
What
Wordy PAaias
of men Jackson, who it
would bave found in deeds, not
words, his solvent for the problem. The
foul assassination of the Maine set aside
as a matter to be determined in the inter.
minable logquacities of diplomacy. Ag:
gressive Americanism ? Not a manifes-
tation of it appears in all the President's
Not one
trace of the spirit that burned at Bunker
ering aborious citath
words Int
Crisis
who
stood by Jackson mn the Louisiana swamps
in 1814 gleams from the raackish mass of
| sordid words and pitiable timidity which
Should the force be a defeated army |
McKinley sent to Congress in lieu of a
call to arms, The President has pro.
foundly disappointed the American peo.
ple. Bastend of a call to arms his mes.
tis weak,
The leading republican papers are
now engaged in the herculean task of
| apologizing for the shortcomings of Presi.
dent McKinley,
In this connection it is refreshing to
read an extract of Grover Cleveland's |
famous Veunzuclan message which put a
| stop, quick, to Hoglish land grabbing. |
| With all his faults, be had a great ng
| back bone and at times comprehended a
patriotic duty :
“I am, nevertheless, firm iv my con.
victions that, while it is a grievous thin
to contemplate the two great Eugl
speaking peoples of the world as being
otherwise than friendly competitors in
the onward march of civilization, and
strenuous and worthy rivals ia all the
’
During the year, 1807, there
were printed W217 complete
copies of Tun Cesrue DEMo-
CRAY, or 2052 ech week, al-
lowing for misprints, our dct.
ual average sworn cireula
Lion was over
2.000 COPIES PER WEEK
Intelligent advertisers will
appreciate this statement
L.
aits of peace, there |
a great pation can ins equals
that which follows a supine submission to
wrong and injustice and the
lo national
! hi
beneath why
a people of safety and gr
VOL. 20, XO. 15.
no calamity which
te which
cauent
self-respect i honor,
: fone 1
ire shielded and defended
ol
Old Grover defied the gre
McKin
jectly before a weak decad
power on earth
FURTHER OVINI
After the President
many of the le;
Rep
Dakota
to have bee
ep John E
g—The me
id un-American
Hami
The
:
ory
pena
Osborne
Sage is ¢
a1
¢
1
Rep.
ngion
f inncle
at the skewer fact
im to get up and make anoth
late at night,
He found the boys cap f
Mr,
awakened and the mill
loating in the
water at the mill. Gerbrick was
race drawn off
Ten feet from the forbay the body of the
child was found. This was about 3
o'clock this morning.
The child likely made a misstep while
walking along the side of the race. when
going back to the skewer
brother,
factor ¢ for his
The interment will take place Friday
afternoon at 2p. m.. Services will be
held at the residence on Howard street.
——— -
FLYING SQUADRON SAILS
Old Point Comfort, April 13, f.10p. m
~The flying squadron sails at 2 o'clock
under sealed orders,
The fleet comprises the commodore's
flagship Brooklyn, the battleships Massa-
chusetts and Texas, and the cruisers
| Minneapolis and Columbia,
Of course the destination of the squad
ron is unknown, but the orders to sail
were received with enthusiasm by the
officers and men who have been impa-
tiently awaiting a call to action.
At the Navy Department the inform.
ation is given that the squadron is going
upon a brief cruise.