BHUGERT ii FORSTER, Editor*. VOL. I. CENTRE DEMOCRAT. BELLEFONTE, PA. Tho Largest, Chonpoat and Best Papor I*l* It I.IHII KT IN CENTKK COUNTY. THK CENTRE DEMOCRAT it pub llhrl Dfprjf Thurbhi; niorutug. t Helteloaifl, t Vutr** fount*, hi. TKIIM.H—Ceeb In %>!rnnc* Si BO If not |*4l in •*!*•<*... & OO V*ymni* lumle within thrrm munthe will Iw con* mMh in l In mlfmncf. A I.IVK I'Al'fc.R—to the Integrate of tho whole pvupltt. No paper will I* rilH-ontJnta-| until am pnitl firep wt option of publisher* going wttt of Ihf* cuubt) muei he |LIM for In nUuice. Any perwon pmcurlni n* trn <wh wWriben will ' l>f ami i copy lr* f ch*rgw. Our eileluiffl circttltttkui niekf* till* paper an un usually rtlitble AII-I profitable medium for MiiVertieiug U't the uioet Mtttple f*r.illl*e for JOH WORK atitl wr* prepared to |trintwl! hlnda of Htmlw, Tiwta, Prngrwrnunw. hurtm.hmioK'iTkl printing, Ac., In the tin ret style end at the loweet powilblc rate*. BATES OF APVKKTISIXO. Titti*. 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A.sovscsws... or *** Osstas la*er*<l frr. t.ol .11 oMusarjr nolle., wilt U* <b*rg*-i i esnU |M Its*. #rrnl Novum J psr coat. .lor* n-*<ilr rmtc* HISTORIC PARIS, BT OVID r. JOHNSON. TBE rABTBEO*. One visiting the Pantheon, a stranger to its history, has reached the limit nf it* attraction for him, after having glanced at its strange vaults, and then climbed up among it* frescoes on to iia high dome and enjoyed that beautiful view of Paris like a great map spread out below him. But for one who has seen the Pantheon aa drawn by the pen of the Historian, and to whom it every incident is familiar, there is a further magnetism about it; not so great of course aa those interesting associations clustering about the graud old pile of • ML Denis or magnificent Notre Dame, rich and plethoric with their circum stanoe and atory. The elemmta of almost a century have beaten and worked upon it; the stoira. and tem pests of wur and revolution have spent their wrath about it. 11 baa defied them all, and stands a little more proy and a little more seamed by the hand of time, but yet the same looking down upon bumble humanity of today, just e it looked upon kings and queens who at times have moved within its wall, but who liave long since slipped into dust. The River Meine in iu course through Peris almost describes a crescent, but virtually flows from east to west, thus dividing the city into two partm r.ot widely differing in point of population and geographical limits; the north side is termed the Right bank and the south aide the Left hank. The Pantheon is on the Left bank about one-third of a mile back from the river. It was built upon the site of and designed to replace a church dedicated to the Patron Maint of the city, Bt. Genevieve, who was many centuries ago buried upon the spot. Louis XV. commenced the present structure, but it was not completed until twenty six years later (I"U ). In tha following year the National Assent bly diverted it* uses and appropriated it as a place of sepulchre for the distin guished men of France, its name was in accordance changed to "The Pantheon," and the inscription. "A*ur grand* Kommtt la patru rroomndtuanls' (To great men the grateful country j was placed upon the frieze of the portico. Napoleon the First, when in power, revived it* origi nal name and its declination a* a church, reserving iu vaults for the purposes the Assembly had decreed them, in 1822 Louis XVIII. had the French inscrip tion removed from the front and the following Latin inscription substituted i "/). O.Mtrb iaroe S. QF.SOVEF.K IM XV. ftrarU Ud XVill. rritiltit" (To the Almighty God through the invocation of St. Uenev'eve Louis XV. consecrated it, Louis XVIII. restored it.) After the Revolution of 1830, which waa followed by the abdication of Gbarlas X.. this inscription was remov ed and (be oiiginal renewed as it now appear*. The building fronts upon a large open paved space which spreads away from it like a funnel, the neck of which is the Rue Muflbn running a few block* on until broken off short by the Gardens of the Luxembourg. Thi*s|tace was barricaded by the people as alio the streets debouching from it in 1848 when Louis Phtllipoe was driven from the throo#, and by the Communist* in the aftur of 1871. Upon both occasion* the conflicts between the troop* and defendeaa of the barricade* were terri ble, resulting in the sacrifice nf many lite*. The ground plan ol the building is cruciform and the elevation of beau tiful design ami proportion, swelling off into a lofty dome which terminates in a high lantern. A gallery supported upon Corinthian column* encircles the outer base of the dome and another the outer base of the lantern. The main entrance looking towards the Rue Hufflot la adorned with a portico, the roof of which is sustained by rows of Corinthian columns. In the tympanum or pediment above are grouped in high relief colos**! figures of Frenchmen, eminent in let "EqCAt. ARD EXACT JWICI TO ALL MEN, Of WHATEVER STATE OR 1-r.RMAMION, EEL IQI OUR OR roLmCAL."-Jff*Noa. tor*, wur, 11o Art* nn<l science*. Under the portico ere two pieces of statuary, tho finest of which 14 "St. Genevieve imploring AttiU, the leader of the lltin*. to spare lite City of I*trie." At tho bronze door to Iho loft I purchased ticket* jo tho dome and vaults for about a franc—tho object of a charge is com inondable, being, as stated on tho tick ets, to secure fund* to complete the decoration of the church, it certainly is in want of it, for notwithstanding its frescoes it lacks a comfortable finish, the result of which is to give it a cold and cheerles look. These frescoes, which are handsome, were almost all done by either GKOM, who so beautifully frescoed the ceiling in part* ot the museum ot the Louvre, or tierard, who produced the most perfect face I ever saw on canvas—that of Psyche. The painting hangs in the Salle Des Sept Cheminees of the Louvre and is entitled, "Psyche receiving the first kin* of Cupid." 1 circulated iilxiut for n short time through the transepts and under the great dome receedtng as it does in concentric circles, when a man in the dress of a policeman called out, "This way to see the vaults." In a moment about thirty of the curious rolled to gether into a crowd and followed him. 1 dropped into tho rear, lie led us past the altar to tho liack of the church: there we descended a broad flight of stairs. He unlocked a great door, and a* we step|wsl in among the mys teries a cold blast struck against our face*. The very air seemed to want to break out and away as though to flee from a further companionship with epitaphs and tombs. Groping after the guide through a waste of s-one piers and almost total darkness—for no light Knetrates these sombre precinls save a sited number of rays that struggle through n few narrow openings—soon we brought up at the entrance to two small sections. Occupying the centre of each of these chambers was a great wooden tomb of heavy construction In imitation of a Sarcophagus; the one bears a hand holding a bUxitig flambeau —the remains of Kusheau once rested within it; the other presents a long laudatory inscription—it held Voltaire. After the throne was restored to the Bourbons all earthly remnant of these two philosophers was quietly remove! to some spot less hallowed—the wooden saroophsgi were allowed to remain. Direcriy in front of the tomb of Vol taire is that of Moufflit, the architect of the building, who it is said died of grief because he found the dome to weighty for the means of support be had pre pared ; bis successor resorted to lullar* and arche* in order to cure the defect. He was an able architect who could design the Pantheon if he did make this mistake; and so the times judged him, for they buried him within this monument of his own ability and named the street in front of it after bim. I tried to imagine an architect of n public building in the United Hiate* tailing into such an error, scorning to patch it up to hold until the contract would be taken off his band*, but allowing his mistake of judgment to overcome him and calmly pining away of the same complaint that carried ofT Mr. .SoutHot. Under what I preauine is the centre of the building the guide hailed and ranged us along a semicircular si retch or wall, but with some little difficulty, a* the curiosity of some prompted them to step out of line in order tn see if possible in the faint light what was coming next. I had scanned my asso ciates on the way down ; among them were several Americans and English, a Zouave with a face the color of sole leather and with baggy red breeches, also a tall young woman who I inferred was from the provinces, with a percept aide mole on her face and two very promi nent front teeth. 1 was sandwiched between these two individuals. Mars on my right and Diana on my left. The peculiar ingredients of soap fat waa the predominating odor eafted from my right, and garlic from my left. All being iu order, the guide went off some dis tance and gavu a terrible yell. The audience started, giggled, the line trembled— in a moment the echo came beck loud and clear. Then he gave a scream; then continued blows uiion some infernal invention that cracked like a cannon. Each sound came back in succeeding echo*; *t time* the last reverberations would resound multi plied many times in strength. After that he plied a long eerie* of trifling 1 questions which were in turn borne hack. Diana seemed to exprese surprise in some imcomprelieusible paiot ,- Mars seemed to "scent the battle troin afar," for after each blow he swore wildly to himself, el the same time audibly. At : length the guide went beck to making : thunder; the thing was getting tire ! some; he repeated tile first programme i with it* full variation*. 1 began to think ; the storm was going to continue all day, aud that the ibutnptng and hammering ' would ceaa*e only with *unaet on the I outer world. I would have accepted any tune for a change. Pull twenty minutes of thi* banging passed, when a voice from beyond the maiden at my •ide sieved an opening between the blaet* and cried tn Kugliah, "Jupiter, draw off vour thunder and give us clear weather!" It was u*elea# to address other than French to him. lie waa in his element; the skill with which he pro duced sound at onoe convinced roe that the operator was far from being a neo phyte. He kept on, but finally .be weakened and stopped, as I firstly' b Here, only when his arm refused to serve him longer. Thrn he led off to the sepulchre of aome gentleman whose name I have forgotten, j The vaults are all of the same mould, j small room* in appearance. Where the tombs bare bees undisturbed the atone BELLEFONTK, PA., THURSDAY, JANUARY 23, 1879. aiircopltugi are wnlle'l in nlong the side*. Ill" remains of Descartes, Marshal Li tine* und other men f national rep ii'iiion have been deposited here, the great orator, Mirabeatt, nmnng the nuinher. A half million of sorrow ing people witnessed hi* funeral; a ■ulule of twenty-five thouand nin-kets iva* lilcd us a mark of reaped. A few vear* later, when sober judgment lost its *wuv, the representative* of these -nine people in fluid fury bad him disinterred by night, and placed in the cemetery for erim'nal*. The blood thirsty wretch of the Revolution, Mar at, s*Mis*iriiitd by Charh UeCJordny and buried in (he court nf the dub f the Cordeliera with all i bo funereal pompßnd magnificence that money could purchase und adoration suggest, was subsequent ly removed here, ilia stny also was a brief one, and the remains of litis cren lure, whose heart bad been enclosed in an urn as the precious relic of a God and whose statute it was decreed should stand beside that of lleutu*. were drag ged out. carted away, and pitched into the public sewera where they pro|>erly l>oiong. Much are the vaults of the Pantheon. We ascended a stairway leading info the front of the church and from there I started for the dome. On the nay up I had an opportunity to examine the celebrated frescue—St. Genevieve receiv ing homage from Clovis, Charlemagne, Mi. 1/ouisand other*. The birds-eye view 'rom this dome waa supremely grand; shining beautilully white in the sun light and clear atnioapliere wa# irnniene Pari*. I do not think there i* a city in the world can present a more inviting prospect; long tine* of avenues border ed with horse chestnuts in full leaf stretched away in every direction. The greet Bouleyard* circled around joining hands aa it might be said; enchanting parks and gardens spring up green and inviting here and there. But all this must l> seen to be properly appreciat ed. I can only approach a portrayal of it when I say it is indiacrihably magnifi cent. GOVERNMENT PAPER MONEY. AM IMPORT ART DRCISIOX BT MR Jt'STfCR CLirroßD, or THI arrRXUK COVET. All writer* upon political economy agree that money is the universal standard of value and the measure nf exchange, foreign and domestic, and that the power lo coin and regulate the Talue of money |* an assential attribute of national sover eignty. ##* Much qualities, all agrro, are unifed in a much greater degree in gold and stiver than in any other known commodity, which was a* weli known tn the member* of the convention who fram ed the Constitution as to any body of men since assembled and intrusted, to any extent, with the public affair*. They not only knew that the money of the commer cial world ws* gold and silver, but they also knew from bitter experience that paper promises, whether Iwueil by the Mtates or by the United Mtates, were utter ly worthless a* a standard of value for any practical purpose. THE OPIRIORS Of THE FATHERS. Evidence of the truth of the*" remark* of thn mo*t convincing character Is to be found in the |Hih|i*hed proceeding* of that convention. Debate upon the subject first arose when an amendment wa* proposed to prohibit the State* from emitting hill* of credit or making anything but gold and diver eoin a tender in payment of debt*. From the character of tnat debate and the vole on the amendment it hecame appar ent that paper money had hut few If any friend* in the convention. Article 7of the draft of the Constitution, as rq->rt<-l to the convention, contained the clause, "and emit hill# on the credit of the United Mtates." appended to the grant of power rested In C-ongrese *o borrow money, and it wa* on the motion to strike out that clause that the principal discussion in re spei tto paper money took place. Mr. Madison inquired if it would not he suf. Anient to prohibit the making of such bill* a tender, a* that would remove the temptation to emit them with unjust view*. Promissory notes, he said, in that shape, that i* when not a tender, "may in some emergencies he heat." Moma are willing to acquiesce in the modification suggested by Mr. Madison, but Mr. Morns, who submitted the motion, objected, insisting that if the motion prevailed there would •till be ro-m left for the note* of a respon sible minister, which, aa he said, "would do all the good without the mischief." Decided objections were advanced by Mr. Ellsworth, who said he thought the mo ment a favorable one to "shut and bar the door against paper money j" and other# etpro*e<l their opposition to the clause in equally decisive language, even saying that they would sooner see the whole plan rejected "than retain the three word*, "and emit hill*." Mufflee it to my, without re producing the discussion, that ins motion prevailed—nine Mtatea to two—and tbe clause was stricken out and no attempt was ever made to restore IL Paper mon ey a* legal tender bad few or no advocate* In tha convention, and d sovr had miss | than one open adooeaU throughout the I period the Constitution was under discus | don, either in the convention which framed it or in (ha conventions of the Mtates where it wa# ratified. Virginia voted in the affirmative on the motion to strike out that clause, Mr. Mudiaon being satisfied that If tha motion prevailed it would not Have the effect to disable the government from the uae of Treasury notas, and being himself In favor f "cat ting off the pretext for a paper currency, and particularly for making the bills a legal tender either for public or private debtvj When the draft for the Constitu tion was reported, tbe elan*e prohibiting the Mtndra from making anything but g..!d and slHrr a lender in payment of bills contained an eiccfgiou, "in uese Cor.grasa coMCaWd," bat the convention struck out the exception end made th# prohibition absohtit, one of tbe members remarking llMM R favorable moment to crush outttW* and all or nearly art of the convention Waned to wf la tbe sentiment. Contemporaneous act* are cer- ' teinly evidence of intention, and If o it is difficult to *,) what more is needed to show that the member* of that conven tion intended to withhold from the States Mini from tho United Hutes nil power to ! make anything hut gold and *ilv.-r n stan dard of value or n tend -r in payment <>f debt*. Equally decisive pritof to the same effect is found in the debates wldeh subse quently occurred in tho conventions of the several Stale,, u, which til" Constitu tion, as adopted. ws submitted for ratifi cation. .Mr. Martin thought that the Slates ought not to U totally deprived of the rlglll to emit hill, of credit, but he says that "the convention vvn so smitten wi'h Ihe p|a-r money dread that it insist ed that the prohibition should be abso lute. " rXIIKRAL MOSET MUST UK METAL MoXr.T. Currency is a word much more compre hensive than the word money, as it msy in clude hank tolls and even hil'lsof rEchauge, as well as coins of gold and silver ; but ihe w od money, as employed in the grant • I ("■wet und-r consideration, means the coin* of gold and silver, fabricated and tam;a-d as required by law, which l.y vir tue of their intrinsic value, as universally acknowledged, and their • fil is I or gil, become tha medium of exchange ami the standard by which all other value* are expressed and dischurgi-d. Sup;s>rt tn the pro|Hition that the word money, as em ployed in that clause, was inU-ndi-d to te nsed in the sense here sup|s>s<-d is also de rived from the language employed in cer tain numbers of the fVrfsrnful, which, as is well-known, were written and publish ed during the jicriod when the question whether the State* would ratify the Cn stitution was pending in their several con vention*. Much men a* the writers of thon essay* never cssuld have employed such language if they had enlcrtaiiM-d the remotest idea that ciongres* possessed the power to make paper promises a legal len der. Like support is also derived from tho language of Mr. Hamilton in hi* cele brated report recommending the incorpor ation of a national hank. He first stain* the objection to the pr-qseed measure that hank* tend to banish the go|J and silver of ' the country, secondly be give# the answer to that objection made by the advortes of the bank, that it is immaterial what serves the purpose of money, snd then says that the answer is not entirely satisfactory, as the j rieratanent increase or decrease of the prec ious metals in a country ran bardly ever be a matter of Indifference. "As s" com- j modify taken in lieu of every other, it (coin) is n species of the nnsst effective wrnllh, snd ss tha money of tho wurid it U of great concern t the Hiate that pa asset s sufficiency of it to face any de mands which the protection of it* external interests may create," ll* favored the ia rorjmraUon of n national bank with power to issue bills am) note* payable on demand in gold and silver, hot ha eapreawd him self ■* utterly opposed to paper en,lesions by the United Mtatea, character! King them as so liable to abuse and even so certain of being abused that the Government ought never to trust Itself with the use of so se ducing and dangerous an element. Op posed a* he was to paper emissions by the United Htate., under any circumstances, Il Is past belief that he could ever have concurred in the proposition to make such emissions s tender tn payment of debt*, riiher t* a member of the convention which framed tha • 'onstttution or a* the head of the Treasury Department. HISTORY or TRRASt-RT ROTES. Treasury note*, however, have been ro paatirily authorised by Congress, com mencing with the net of -loth f June, 1812, but it was never eup|*wad before the time when the MI vera I act* in question were passed that Congress could make such note* a legal tender in payment of debts. Much notes, il was enacted, should be received in payment for public land# sold, by the Federal authority. Provision wo* also made in most or all of the acts that the Secretary of the Tri-asury, with the approbation of thn President, might causa Treasury notes to he issued, at the par value thereof, in payment of services, of supplies, or of debts for which the United Mlales were or might he snswpr abln by law, to such person or persons a* should be willing to accept the same in layment; but it never occutred to the | legislator* of that day that such notes ! could be made a legal tender in discharge of uch indebtedness, or that the public creditor could be compelled to accept I them in |mymentof hi* just demands. Financial embarrassments, second only in their disastrous consequence* to those which preceded the adoption of the Con stitution, arose towards the close of tile 1 lost war (1812) with Great Britain, and it is a matter of history that tho*e embarrass ments were too great and presiding hi I be overcome by lh use of Trsasurv notes ' or any other paper emissions without a spuria bssi*. Kx;iedlenta of various kind* ' t were suggested but never occurred either tn tha Executive or to Congress that a remedy could be found by making Treas ury notes, n* then authorised, a Irgnl ten der, and the result waa that the second hank of the United Mtatea was Incorpor- | aled. Paper currency, it may be said, j was authorised by that net, which 1# un dfib*ed!y true; and It I* also true that the bill* or note* of the bank were made I receivable In ail payments In the United Mutes if the same were at the time par** i hie on demand, but the net provided that i the corporation should not refuse under n j heavy penalty tho payment in gold and silver of nay of IU notes, hills or obliga tions nor of any moneys received upon de posit in the bank or in any of its office* of discount and deposit. Bri<ni attempt U made, strange to nay, to fortify the proposition that the net* in question are constitutional from the fact that Congress, in providing for the use of Treasury note* and In granting the '.-bar ters to tha respective national honks, made the note* and bill* receivable in payment of duties and taxes, hut the *-wet U> the suggestion ia to obvious that it Is hardly nno"*ary to pause to suggest It* refutation. Creditor* may exact gni'i Sod *!ivr of , they may waive tUc rtghi Wivqolsfi u. h money and nceepl credit currency, ><- -v.tu mndlUe* of her than gold and *lrr, and the United Mtatwi n* creditor#, or in the , exercise# of their exprea# power to lay and collect tuxes, duties, impost* and excise* may, if t)iy see (It, accept the Treasury note# or bunk bills in such payment# * •übstitutc* for thn constitutional currency. , Further di*cus#ion of tho proposition i unneee*#ny, ns it I* plainly destitute of I any merit whatever. Resort WHS nlo had to Treasury note* in the revulsion of 1 H'l" | and during the war wit It Mexico, and al*o . in til"great reviil-lon of 1877, hut the new , theory that (fongresa could make Treasury note* a legal tender wit* not even suggest- ■ ••<1 even bv the President <>r by any mem ber of Ounjrro. WAKIIIXCiTOg REJECTED fAt'Elt VIOSKT. Seventy ynr# nre included in this re vi< w, even if the computation is only e*r- j rii d hark to the pu*-age .f the net >-*lab ll*hitig the mint, snd it is clear that there is no trace of any art, executive or legisla tive, within that period which stT>rd the •lightest iijqerl to the n< w constitutional ih-ory that Congress can by law constituU paner end**ion a tender in payment o! debts. Even Washington, the fath'-r ol '•ur country, refused to #•< ept paje r money inpayment <-f <lel<t* contra- ted before the War of Indtqa-ndcnce, and the proof is , full to the |*>int that Hamilton, a* well a* ■ Jefferson *nd Madl-on, was opposed to pajo-r end*-ion* by the nation*! authority. rilK t'ATlir.Ra IXTKXDKD TO DETRtTECOX- j ORKM OT THE POWER TO MARK PAPER HOXET. Power, a* before reinnrkcl, wa* v<-*t-d in the Congress under the Omtoleration 1 to boirow money and emit bills ol < redit, and history show* that the ;iwer to emit •urh bill* had b-cn cx<-rei*ed before the convention which framed the Constitution assembled, to i,n amount exceeding fiXof*,- 000,(100. Ktil! the draft of the Constitution, a* re|airte,l. contained the word* "and emit bills append'-d Ui the clause authorizing CYmgre** to borrow money. When that ! clause wa* reached, say# Mr Martin, a motion was made to strike out the word# i "to emit hill# of creditand his account of what followed afford* the most persua sive and convincing evidence that the con vention, and nearly every member of it, ! intended to put an end t* the exercise of I such a power. Against the motion, be ] says, we urged that it would be improper to deprive the O-ngreoa of that power ; j that it would be a novelty unprecedented to establish a government which should not have such authority ; that it was im possibia to 10--k forward info futurity so 'ar as to decid" that event# thst might not h#pp<-n would r*nd"r the exercise of such a power absolutely necessary, Ac. But a majority of the convention, be said, being wise beyond every event, and being wil ling to rl*k any political evil rather than admit the idea of a paper emission in any porntble case, refused V" trust the authority j to a government on which they were lav- I Ishing the most unlimited powers of taxa tion and to Lbs marry of whom they were : Willing blindly to trust the liberty and property of the citizen* of every Mtat* in the Union, and "thev erased that clause from the system." kfore forcible vindica lion of the actlun of the convrntion could hardly he made than is expressed in the language of the AVrfrro/iaf, and the authori ty of .frige Mtory warrants the statement that the language there employed is "Justi fied by almost every ootemperary writer," 'and is "attested in its truth by facts" be. yond the influence of every attempt at contradiction. Having adverted to those facts the commentator proceeds to say that j "the same reasons which show the neenrsi j ty of denying to the State* tha power of ! regulating coin prove with equal force that , they ought not to b" at liberty to substitute a paper medium instead of coin." Emissions of the kind were not declared by the Continental Congn-s* to be a legal , tender, but Congrosa IJO*..| a resolution declaring that they ought to be a tender in (Mynienl of all private and public d< bt*, i and that a refusal to receive lb- Wtriet ought to be an extinguishment of the d< 11, ; and recommend the Mtat<* to pats* sucu laws. They even went further end declared that whoever should refuse to recriie thc paper as gold snd sliver should be deemed an enemy to tha public liberty ; hut our i commentator say* that these measure* of violence aud terror, so far from aiding the circulation of tho paper, b-d on to still further depreciation. New emiuion* fol ! lowed and new measure# were ad'-pted to j give the paper credit bv pledging the pub lic faith tor it* n-desnptiun. Effort follow ed effort in that direction until the idea of redemption at par was abandoned. for one wa* offered and the Mtate* were re quire! to report the bill# under that rcgo | lotion, but few of the old bill* were ever : reported, and of course fi-w only of tbe | contemplated new note* were issued, and the bill# in a brief j*-id ceased tocirra ' late and In the courreof that Tear quielly ' died in the hands of their possessors. ! Bill* of credit were made a lender by the Mtates, but all stub, at well a* tbo*e issued : by th# Congress, were dead in the hanJ* o. ! ikeir possessor* before the convention as sembled to frame ihw Con*titu'ion. Intelligent snd Impartial belief In th< thaory that such men, so instructed, in framing a govsrntm nt for the.r [••stcrity i as well as for them set re*, would delihrrau*- j ly vest such a power, either in Congress , r tile Mtatea, as s part of fheir perpetual *T i tern, can never. In my judgment, be oantriri in th hie. f the recorded evidence* to the contrary which the political and Judicial j history "nf our country afford*, gm-k evi- i donee, so persuasive and convincing ** U la. must ultimately bring all to ike *wtcluiaa i that neither tha Congress nor tbe Mtate* I can moke anything but gold or siirrr coin a tender in payment of debts. Exclusive power to coin monry la coils Inly tested in Congress, but "no amount uf reasoning can show that executing a promissory note and 'irdering it lo be taken In payment of pub lic and pt Irate debt* k* a specie* uf coining money." CQHIM MAT BORROW MOXRT WITS TREASURY ROTGS Authority, It b coticeuH. cxisb in C -R --|feea to pas# laws providing for the i~u"oi Treasury notm, based on the nauonai credit, a* nscetoary end propag mean* for Mailing thaondcM tbe .-j.re. power t li ha dmibtcd at this. Vty U*t ocW ,rv.-'xa vli 'ft issued by the proper authority mv lawfi ily rircu late at credit currency and that th.y may TKRMS: HI.SH per Annum, In Advance. In that conventional dmrmler bo lawfully employed. If the act authorizing their iaena mi provides, to pay duties, te x<-* and all the public exaction* required to lie |i<linUi||i National Tr-asi.ty. I'uMic creditor* may alao b<- paid in rocli currency by their cm* sent, and they may l<c u-d in all other cwi where the payment in tuch note* ■'omporti with tbo term* of the contract. K*lahlt>hed ion ago founded upon the prac tice of tho Government, often repeated, ha* tanctioned thew rule*, until It may now I*' *itid that they are not oion to cntro ver*yj hut the question in tile /MM* before the court I* whether the Con grew may de clare *u h tote* pi tie lawful money, maho them a legal tend, r and imparl Pi such a currency the quality of being a *tandard of value, and compel creditor* to accept tbu payment of their deb'* in *u b a currency a* the equivalent of the moro-y recognized and e*tab!bh' d by the Constitution a* tin standard of value by wbieh the value of el! other eonunodit'e* 1* to be m***ural. Fi nancial megun of various kind* for bor rowing money to rupply the want* of th Trm-urv beyond the receipt* from t**r lion ami the aale* of the public land* have t—.n adopted by the Government *in<-e the United State* became an Independent na tion. Subscription* for a loan of sl*2 <**>- 000 were on the 4vh of August, 1700, di rected to be npgid at the Trea*urv. Pi bo made parable in C-rlifU *t* issued for the debt, a<-cording Ui their specie value. Measure* of the kind were repeated in rapid -ucce-siotj for aevrfal year*, and law* providing for l am in one form or another ap|iearid to have been the | referred mode ot borrowing, until the oOth of June, 1812, when ib flrt aet wa paiand "to authoriao the issueof Treasury note*.'' Loan* bad la-en previou*lv authorized in rej>ep-d in sUm-e*, a* wifl be cen by the following reference*, to which many more might be added. Karnest opposition vu made Pi the pe age of the IJrt act of Congm* authorizing ibi tenia ol Treasury note*, but the nioas uro prevailed, and It may be remarked that the vote on the icmiuh vu ever after re garded a* having settled the quelion a* to the conuitutionality of ucb an act. Five million* of dollar* were directed lob* it •ued by that act, and the Secretary ot the Treasury, with the approbation of the Pre* dent, wat empowered to cause such portion of the note, a* he might deem ex pedient PI be irued et (air "to tilth public creditor* or other person* a* may chooae to receive *urb note* in jaymenl. it never having occurred to eny one that even a public creditor could m compelled to re -1 <*i\e uch note* in payment except by hi* own content. Twenty other imue* ol such | note* were aulhonwd by Congrats in the \ nwrw of the fifty year* next after tho passage of that act and before the passage , of the act* making tuch note* a legal tender. . and every one of tuch prior act*, being 'twenty in all, crntaint, either in express j word* or by n-eatery implication, an ! i-qually decisive negation to the new con tlitutional theory mat Cangn-es can niaha i pat*r einiatSon* either a ttandard of value ; or legal tender. j TKSAtCRT VOtß* CAXXT M MAPS If. AI, TKXlitr. £.i pel-added to the conceded fact that Iha ' Conttitution contain* no expna* w. r-ta P* ( support tuch a theory, thit long and utr : broken mage that Tr-a*ury note* thall not J bu constitute la standard < f value nor be made a tenter in payment of debt* i* en ! titled PI J mat weight, and when taken in connect on with the persuasive and eon- I vine ng evub nee derived from the publith- I f*l pio -esding* of the convention, that tho i fratuer* of the Constitution never intruded - to grant any tueh power, and from the r* ( c >rded teniiment* of the great men w-Ikm -irgumenta in favor of the reported draft procured it* ratification, and lUfipirtul a . ihat view it hv the repeated d cition* of i thl* Court, anil by the infalliable rulg of - interpretation that the language of one 1 expret* power thail not be o expanded a* to nullify the force and effect Of another ex pro** power In the *ame instrument, it wmi to me that it ought to be deemed I final and conelutive that Congress cannot I constitute *uih note*, or any other paper omheion*, a constitutional standard ..f val ' He, or make them a legal tender in pay- I m -nt of debt*, especially at it cover* the ) ♦ riod of two foreign war*, the creation of j tit • second national bank, and the greatest flua oial revulsion* through which our , c -unify ha* ever pasted. lather Tafl'v Depillgf, • roaa IP P1.t1.-t- !*!, Two- J A remarkable array of figure*, pur -1 |M)tiin| to show the numtier of United ] States Ueputy Mataha!* u*e*l by At | 'orney (irftrpl Tall in curry ing tbo ' '"lection of 1876 for the Republican*, • ' iirinled in ikxu* of the ppr. hi# j aid that, by the Attorney General'* own report, it appe-ra that twelve i bou-anil five hatol, e*l and seventy nine i |••.n were rtu loys-l in thw work, j Their apporthnni* nt would nun to ■ iieve been on tl|e -.tuple basis **f |rti- I -an necessities and without any regard whatever to < o*t, legality r I ropnety. In H<uih Carolina there Were tieariy four hundred on duty at nwenwwn pr i-ittct*; iu Lonteiana, seventeen hand f ed for one hundred and twenty pre ' iuotai to Vug.nut, two hundred aiul •ire for thirty five precinct*; in DeU ware, one hundred and ibuly five for j ten pminot*; in Maryland, twelve hundred and twenty two for one htm dred and fifteen precinct*, and to on, the doubtful States having required the mo*t hnking after. There t* no doubt of the prostitution of thw branch ot the | üblic service to partisan ends dur ing General Grant's ad mine-'ration and even riuoe. The Uow*e of Representa tive* te quite right in wUtung to have a bsll of particulars, and despite General 0 write Mr* ioejrplicwWe objection it ought to have it. Ifpsrtta*n iur. ling* iw* thus fastened auon the govern ntent with the view of influencing the |wop|e ' in the choioe of their ruler*, it j. wmjile justice that the people should know egartlf who they are, exactly **},„ have done and exnotly what the service coats ihs oouatry. i NO. 4.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers