mWrviW ri'"ryvw v tW JiMwwra.'i,f nn vnmiBMmwimw rfmaj ''mmwvmmmmm'rwmmmmmmmmE EV? ' a rv r- w. TO '- f fl ik'.4 : h. Ffc 1 " I e- :V ! set vWv RMS AM fe EVENING PUBLIC LEDGER PUBLIC LEDGER COMPANY evnus ti. ic. cuivris, rnnsintwr Jehn C. Martin, Vice President nnd Treasurer t Cluir.e A Tler, Pwreurys Charles It. Hiding Hiding ten, Philip 8. CelUim, Jehn I). Wltllnnii. Ueerge K. Oeldnillh, Dsviil C. smiley, nin-cteri. gAVTD B. SMILEY. , Editor 6p I JOHN C. MAnTlN....Onerl nuslnni Manager i rueiiinen aauy nt rtnrtc Ltren Building f Independence Square, l'hllnriclphl. AniNTte ClTT..... Presi-Vnien Building Ktw.TesE.. 3C4 Madisen Avii. Dstreit "01 Fent nulMIng ST. Letus 013 Olcbc-Drmccrat HulMIng Cnictoe 1302 TrtiuM Building ntwh nunnAUs: WiSHIKOTON Ilium1, V. R. Cor. Pcnnlvanla Ave. and 14th St. Klif Yefik Tit RBtr The Sim nmldlrg , &OHDON Dcread Trafalgar Building stiBscntmeN terms' Ttie J5rNiNi Pctiiic I-KiKirn is trM te sub scriber In Philadelphia and surrounding tewr.i at the rate of twelva (is) cents per week, ravabl te the carrier. Bjr mall te points outside of Philadelphia in rh United Stater, Canada, or United Plates m. aailens, peMiibc free fifty (SO) cants tir month. Ill (lit) dollar per ear, pntahla In ndvanei. Te all forelsn countries one Ml) ilell.ir a month Neticfj Hubrcrihers wishing ndJres chaneJ tnust give old an well as new address. Bit!., 3000 WALNUT KFYSTONE. MAIS MM tFAitdrtss all communtaitfeis te r.rrnlne PubM J.tdQfr. Independence Square. Philadelphia. Member of the Associated Press THE ASSOCIATED PtlBSH is trcluHvly en ftflfd te th inr ter repiibllrnflnn of all nnet 4ltatche credited te It or ret ethme-Ut crnhtxi f thu tartr, aid alie the local nrujj ixtbtitirrf therein, XII Hffnf of rr,Mbf(eaf(ei e.' sp'cfel dlsrate.hn nrrtln art ele retervril. Phllidflphlt, Mendtf, December , 1922 MORE WATER SUPPLY CARLETON E. DAVIS" eiHimistlc view of the wnter slfuiitien In thli urulengeil seai-en of Hreusht is emcwhnt siirprlslng wbfn oenst(lprc(l In connection nidi the frc lcnt wnrnins' eninimting from tills Imrcnu f'hief, Kiist Gerninntewn hna bi'en BtilTcrlnn cverely from water MiurtiiKr, and tlie lm lm prcusien unqiiftleimbl.v Ims provnilefl that rises UK" the preypnt nre utuiveldablf with out con!preh'nive extension of the nninlcl iml farllltiej. It is geed news if, as Chief Davis main tains, the situation will peedll be relieved by Increases thp pressure and that, with the linking of the West Philadelphia tsytem with that of the eat elope of the Schuylkill and with the completion of the Queen I.ane pumping and filtration plant, the resources of the cit will be notably tnhnnced. Escape from the rtccnt predicament i, however, by no means a guarantee of future tecurlty. Mr. Davla explains the unfortu nate conditions In Germantown by reference te the rapid growth of that district. De velopment of this kind must be epected throughout the semi-suburb's, and It is In cumbent upon Council te leek ahead with regard te water Improvement . The first necef"it uniine-tienablv the Unking up of the two water tem. Mr. Cavis suggests that this can be accomplished by carrying u thirty-slx-lnch main across the river en the Giranl avenue bridge Hut this recommendation is apart from the large icale program of expansion which Mr. Davis, notwithstanding his present favorable re port, has repeatedly advanced. Within the next decade It Is almost In evitable that new sources of water upply will become n municipal question of foremost importance. The subject is one which ran ran let be settled by a rosy estimate of tin- ej istinp means for overriding, a crisis SUBWAYS AND TRADITIONS ONE of the penalties of selecting r.read street for the route of the proposed longitudinal Fubwny is already n reality in the costly station under City null Plaza, a work involving engineering problems nf no slight consequence. A companion pieture is new advanced in the latest plans for the high-speed line containing the proposal of a deep tunnel tinder the depressed tracks of the Heiding Railway at Callowhill street. As this open Kubway ends at Thirteenth street, It Is obvious that the diversion of the projected new line n square or two te the enst of Bread street would obviate n difficulty which cannot otherwise be overcome without heavy expenditures. The situation Is ene mere Illustration of a, certain rigidity of thinking prevailing lu Philadelphia. Checker-beard standards arc deeply Implanted in the popular conscieu ness, ns is ule the inclination ter i rewcling public Improvements, both below n- 1 en the urfnee of mnin traffic arteries. Paris and Londen, cities admlrabb served with "tubes," have given little concern te the question of the coincidence of their chief thoroughfares nnd their subw.ts. It is, of course, virtually impossible te .ichieve such correspondence in these capitals owing te the erratic character of their street plans. a consequence of thin formlessness, sub tay lines take the most convenient and practicable reutcn without reference te the ctrarse of the avenues aboe them. KLUXING WASHINGTON ANOTHER squ.ibble eer a ceat In the Senate, remlnisiuit in its eutvard aspects of the Newberry cn-ie, probably will be forced by the appearance jn Washington of Earle B. Mnyfleld, of Texas, n Democrat, whose election te the upper house is under stood te hae been brought about with the assistance of the Ku KIuv K'nn and the apenditure of a geed deal of KIux money. Mr. Mnj field Is at the moment the ine't conspicuous Klenman In politics. Many Republicans, led by the friends of Senater Onlbersen, whom Mayiield succeeds, propose te carry their tight te the Senate fleer. They will ask that Mayfield be ousted be. cause of his allesed violation of a Texab law which limits the amount of money that properly may be spent in a political cam paign. The principle that sustained Newberry before his resignation will, of course, op erate in the Interest of Majfichl. The Sen ate is net likely te refuse ndmlttance te any man duly elected by n constituency. It inny refuse te seat a man against uhem charges, t moral unfitness may be proved bejend question. Thus It would become the tluty of the Texas courts te challenge Mujtleld because of his election expenditures. Since this point will be raised in the Senate, Mayfield's opponents may come into the open and precipitate in Congress a tight en the lssue of the Klux and its ruling Koekooe. Jt happens that the dominant Republican la Texas, It. II. Cregcr, is nn intimate of President Harding lie is new in Washing ten, apparently te direct the preliminaries of the campaign against Mayt'iuld. Thus the let becomes thick enough tOjhe unusually interesting even In country that has be te hardened te political sensations. IS DIPLOMACY A SCIENCE? rTIlE minds of n great many persons there is u growing Impression that mod ern diplomacy lias been hopelessly futile and snort-sighted. This point of view will be itrengthcned by the outcry that new rises from some of the defenders of the war policy of Greece. Greece, we nre told, "wnB surrounded by u ring of enemies." That is what the Kaiser used te say of Germany. It 1b virtually what M. Clemenrcau Is saying about the VMwee of the present day. ,1 Vlei ns admit that nidi assertions have L7atWlAa in fact. Knmltv. erganised or fOBBdftMe in w , - i otherwise, will appear in any analysis ns nn effect nnd net ns n cause. Ilchitul na tional hatreds or suspicions are the real causes of war. If dlplemntlsts were as wise ns engineers they would go bcend hatred te its source. Ne engineer would be content te leek nt the surface of a problem. Ha would probe te the roots and de his work there. Rut diplomatists shout "Ilatcl" and nre content. Diplomacy ns it was practiced in Europe, was net n science. It was the last of the black nrts. LA FOLLETTE ASKS WHAT WASHINGTON REJECTED The Popular Election of the President WnH Turned Down by the Framers of the Constitution for Reasons as Sound New ns Then THE members of Scnuter La Toilette' progressive bloc may be wfser than the men who framed the Constitution. Geerge Washington, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, .fames Wilsen, Gouv Geuv erneur Merris, James Madisen and Charles Plnckney were among the delegates te the Constitutional Convention. Over ngninst these men wn hare Senater En Pellette himself, Senators Norris nnd Prance nnd Capper and Berah, and Repre sentatives Burke and Keller and Casey and I.ampert nnd McSwain and several ethers mere obscure. Senater Ln Pellette nnd his friends are proposing a constitutional amendment pro viding for the election of the President by a popular lete instead of by the present method. Geerge Washington and his associates considered every possible manner of electing a President, Including the election by popu lar vote, nnd adopted the principle of the system new in use ns less objectionable than uny ether. They did net reject the plan of popular elections because of their distrust of the people, as has many times been said. They rejected it because It would haTe given the large States se much mere power than the small States that It would have weakened the principle of federation in the new sys tem they were setting up. These men were much mere conscious of the States than the politicians seem te be nowadays. These States had had a separate and independent existence. They wpre jeal ous of one another. They did net wish te surrender their autonomy without some com pensating advantages. They secured one of these advantages in the prevision that each State should be represented as u matter of right by two Seuaterd, and that its repre sentation should net he cut down without Its own consent. Under this arrangement Nevada, with the population of one of the larger wards of Philadelphia, has us many Senators ns Pennsylvania with a population of S.000,000. And if the Federal system is te be preserved unimpaired It is right that Nevada should have just ns many Senators ns Pennsylvania. Under the electoral system it Is the States which cheese the President. If a majority of the voters of New Yerk wish a Repub lican President, the electoral vote of that State is cast for a Republican, and the minority vote is net added te the minority vote ln another State te add te the Demo cratic total. And the arrangement that the electoral vote of each State shall be equal te the combined number of Sennters and Representatives gives te the small States nn influence in the election which they would net have under any ether system. And their possession of this influence is dtfenslble en the theory that the United States is a federation ever which the President presides. There are fourteen States vhlch have from en te three Representatives. They have from three te five electoral xetes, which gives them nn immensely greater Influence than they would have If the President were chosen by popular vote. Ne constitutional amendment such as is proposed could be passed unless these States should be willing te surrender the power they new have nnd should decide te aban don the Federal idea and te favor the con centration of all power in Washington. This preposition te elect the President by popular vote U ln reality an insidious attack upon the rights of the States. There is an appeal in it te all superficial thinkers nnd fe all demagogues who play en the prejudice and Ignorance of the people. They charge that under the present system "the Inter ests" name the President nnd that the peo ple are betrayed, nnd they Insist that If we could, only nominate the Presidents at a direct primnry and elect them by direct vote all the evils of which they complain would disappear. They made the same argument when they were ndvecntlng the popular election of Senators, but they have net hr.d the au dacity te assert that the character cf the Sennte has been raised by the new plan. Massachusetts voters have sent Walsh te Washington where the Legislature used te elect Hear, and New Yerk voters have sent Calder where the old system tent Reet. The tendency of the times is toward rang, nlfying the central Government and invad ing the rights of the States. The Demo crats, who ued te be the most Insistent en Htnte rights, have gene ns far as the Re publicans. It Is the duty of these who believe in the Federal system, however, te contlnue te fight encroachment!) upon It cen when they come ln such Insidious and In direct form ns in this preposition te make the President thu choice of a majority or plurality f the voters of the Notion instead of the choice of the voters of the States that make up the Natien Frem the practical side of the case there Is n danger that ought net te b. Ignored. Garfield was elected by n plurality of only 7000 votes ever Hancock, although he had n majority of flfty-ntne electoral votes. The change of one vote from Garfield te Hancock In each election division in the country would have given Hancock ft plurality. The temptation te flectien frauds is already great enough without offering the presidency as a reward te the group of men who can most successfully tamper with the returns. EDUCATION WEEK TIE American Legien, co-operating with the National Education Association, the United States Bureau of Education, the Pennsylvania Education Association and the State Department of Public Instruction, is devoting itself te setting forth the Impor tance this week of abolishing illiteracy and te the need of qualifying young persons for dtizensmp. a special program is arranged EVENING PUBLIC LEDGEK for each day. Yesterday special services were hetd in the churches, nhd today 1b du voted te citizenship. Illiteracy, however, is n matter te which speclnl attention should be given. There nre 417,000 illiterates in Pennsylvania above the age when one should knew hew te read and write. Surprising as it may seem, the third highest number of illiterates Is nmeng the English-speaking population. The Italians come first with 88,000, the Polish second with 73,400 nnd the English-speaking third with 07.000. There nre fiO.OOO illiterate Slovaks, L'O.OOO lius-dtius, 10,000 Germans, 17,000 Lithuanians nnd IL',000 Mng.nr.s, The Poles, Slovaks, Lithuanians nnd Mag yars are for the most part concentrated In the mining regions, nnd it Is there that the work of teaching them English must be concentrated, net only for the betterment of conditions in these regions, but for the protection of the people of the whole Stntc. Many of these illiterates nre ntlultH. Seme of them are se old that it Is net likely that they will ever learn IJngllsh, but It Is possi ble te protect the children of these people from illiteracy If there is any sincere desire fe de se. But it cannot be done If the small -minded people exert themselves te ob struct the execution of the plans of the State Department of Public Instruction. PRISON BARBARISM EVERY few years, as regularly as the call of general elections or reported failures of the peach crop, the country Is brought face te face with n Jail ecandnl end all Its dreary nnd discouraging Impli cations, The disclosures of organized in humanity ln the administration of the County Prison nt Ilelmcsburg, directed by this newspaper, fit properly into e long series that reflects discredit net only en the political system that is the root of the trouble, but upon the whole order of con temporary society. The men who manage jails are In many cases the favorites of tenth or eleventh rate political job hunters, nnd therefore they are net fitted by temperament, training or mental equipment te exercise boundless au thority in closed communities of helpless nnd inarticulate men nnd women. Society keeps no adequate check upon them. Prison in spectors are notoriously lax nnd Grand Juries are tee often bored and in u burr , since few men nre te constituted ns te be nble te feel a genuine concern for individuals marked as outcasts by the community. Fer the moment, in contemplating the repetition at Holmesburg of horrors similar te these reported en previous occasions from Sing Sing, Auburn and jails ln New Jersey and elsewhere, subtler considerations of u humanitarian trend may be set aside. The brutal fact is that Philadelphia, like many another American community, Is maintain ing nt great expense an elaborate plnnt for the quantity production of mental, moral and physical invalids who must emerge In. the course of time te take vengeance of one sort or another agninst rbe society whose neglect and ignorance nnd lack 'of humane foresight defeated whatever hopes they may have hnd for the future. They will appear ns embittered criminals fe worry the police If they de net become broken -spirited and physically disabled charges ou public charity. The problem of the man or wemun in jail, though it has been elaborately discussed under pseudo-scientific headings, has never approached solution within the bounds of decent or tolerable theerj. If is nppreached most frequently from the iewpelnt of peo ple who insist that all convicts ought te be "ruthlessly punished," and who talk about the "luxury"' of modern jails. Such people talk rather wildly out of the deeps of mis understanding. They seldom step te remem ber that no two convicts are ever nllkc. Ner de they trouble themselves te remember that eight crimes out of every ten may be traced te original causes In poverty or ignorance things which nre in themselves crimes of which n rational society would net be guilty. Jails fall and become disgraceful because of the intellectual inadequacy of the admin istrative system. Life in Isolation behind prison walls is a tvying experience even for the jailers. It often seems ns If the men In rhnrge of prjsens looked upon their charges with active and vengeful hatred. Such men, taken unaware, often reveal Evmptems of the spiritual perversion and the taste for deliberate cruelty that come sooner or later te every petty tyrant of unques tioned authority. Thus the mood that rules in many unin vestigated American jalh nnd reformatories 1b often reminiscent of that which prevails among white tyrants en the Conge. Give absolute power te an ignorant man and put ethers nt his mercy, nnd let him alene nnd cut him off from the sobering effecus of day. light, nnd queer things ere likely te happen te him. New and then n man of peculiar sensitiveness will happen along te take charge of a jail, and then. Instead of nn iniquitous and destructive place of torment, we have an institution capable of exerting disciplinary influence even while it does the Immeasurably vnluable work of resalvaglng much of the wrecked or damaged humanity that flews through it. Such men cre hard te find. Naturally, a jail is a place of punishment. But it should net be a place of torture, Ner should It be an Institution se ordered as te carry te completion thu moral breakdown of Inmates who later nre turned out penni less against the community. What will be done about Holmesburg it is hard te say. Responsibility for the Bhecklng abuses of the prison's system may be traced In a straight line from the admin istration te the prison Inspectors, and from the prison inspectors te the Judges who name them, nnd from the Judges te the community Itself. The place Is new a gen erating plnnt for criminal Instinct, and as such it must be viewed. Most of the objections Working te existing immigration Hardship laws ure based en the clumsiness with which they ure administered and the hardships for which they nre responsible. The fact is brought home once mere by the arrival in New Yerk together of two Itnlian liner? ufter a hard race te pert. The immigration officials had te pick the winner. The Im migrants en the loser will have te return te Italy, their quota being filled. Seme day means will be taken te save them the useless trip. We are pleased te be New for tha nble te report that Children Santa Clans is doing his ChrlstmaH shopping early. We hare it en the authority of a small boy who usually knows what'h what that he hat been seen en Market street col cel leering pennies. This, of course, means that he needs money for gasoline for hlH new air plane. There Is every reason te believe that it will be packed high with ten when h makes his famous trip from the North Pele. PHILADEJLF111A, MUJNDA1, JUUUJKM01SK V, 4, AS ONE WOMAN SEES IT Hard te Find All the Beeks That Treat or Philadelphia, bat Twe Short Lists IKIp Little By SARAH D. LOWRIB APPARENTLY something that I wrote In this column en the mihlect of li braries In hotels nnd a collection of tjenks that bad te de with Phllndilphls and Its citizens, past and present, which would mnke the sojourners within our gate aware of us ns they nre nwnre of our buildings and streets nnd places of business Htin places of nmuwment apparently the Iden was one that found n very genial response, te judge by the letters nnd suggestions that have coma, my wny since. Perhaps the most helpful suggestion of fhe letters is the following; The column today about the possibili ties of libraries of books en Phlbi Mphla in the hotels suggested te me that you might mnke an interesting article nbeut the books en Philadelphia. There must be several shelves of them In the Free Library en Thirteenth street. If you would make n list of be most interesting nnd describe them it would m ke enter taining nnd Informing rending. One of the best of the let Is Merley'n "Travels in Philadelphia," vhleh was printed originally in the Evr.siNa Public Lnnnrit. Anether geed one Is bv Agnes Rvppller; nnd Dr. Furls, whom you men tiencd, has written two or three about Philadelphia nnd its suburbs, and H. M. Lipplncett's "Early Philadelphia" Is ex cellent, nnd Jee Jncksen s "Market Street" is one of the most Interesting books of the kind that I ever saw. Rut you could find I don't knew hew many ethers in the library. T SUPPOSED, of course. the writer had a gesfi all the fncts en his side when he sue- tested the "shelves full in the Fret Li- hrary. And I sunneed. tee. that "very library in town bad large sections given ever te novels, essays, biographies, histories and pamphlets en the city nnd Its uetnblc citizens, from Penn's day te this. But the two libraries that I haTe ap proached, pencil and nad in hand, had ap parently no section of their shelves se por tioned off. The Philadelphia Free Library had nmeng its files n list nf reference books en Phila delphia, compilations most of them of short accounts of citizens or landmarks or events get up for occasions or te cover the need of some general survey. But apparently there bad never been nn ittempt en the pert of the arrangers of the library te mske a collection of what you might call Philadel phiana. TTOWI XI the OWEVER. that lack was made geed by verv efficient heln of one of the librarians there whose business It is te leek up books covering unv special suhieet. Her help was offered te me y Mr. Ashurst, nnd in two days' time a long table full of his tories, biographic nnd hooks of reference had been gathered for my sorting ever. The neighbor Library, at the corner of Juniper nnd Locust streets, the Library Company of Philadelphia, net only pos sessed nn such grouping of books en Phila delphia, but there was no list filed or avnil uble which Mr. Abbett could lay bis hands en for my benefit, apparently. He sent me a note te the effect thnt such n list would require mere labor than the library could spnre time for, but he suggested thnt I might make one nt my leisure from some eight catalogues of hooks en various sub jects authors, fiction, history, biography, etc. covering recent publications the world ever, ns well ns some net se recent. That is, he opined that the books were en the shelves somewhere in the building, if I knew hew te study world catalogues and could cull them out. However, when I stepped in "te nsk for mere" he was very amusing nnd pleasant ever the oddity of my quest and quite entertnlned that he was nble te mnke suggestions himself after all without greatly taxing his memory. Bibliography of Philadelphia (Huggestcd by O. M. Abbett, Philadelphia Llbrarv Company.) V. W. Belisle, "History of Independence Hall." Philadelphia, 1859. Hnmucl Hazard. "Watsen's Annals," three volumes, Philadelphia. 1S84. Pcharf and Westcott. "History." three volumes, Philadelphia, 1884. O. IJ. Vlckers, "Philadelphia, the Story of nn American City," Philadelphia, 1803. Yeunp, -'Memerial History," Philadel phia, 189K. H. a. Fisher, "The Making of Pennsyl vania," Philadelphia, 1898. Talcott Wtlllams. "Pennsylvania Colony and Commenwealt':," Philadelphia, 1S97 (historic towns). L. I. nheadea, "Tlie Story of Philadel phia." 1900. Moses Kins, "Philadelphia and Notable Phlladelphlans." 1902. P. V. Hetchklss, "Pcnn'e Green Country Towne," 1904. Lawrence, "History of Philadelphia Almshouses and Hospitals," 1905. n. P. Oberheltzer, "Literary History of Pennsylvania," 1906. Agnes Ueppller. "Philadelphia, the Place and the People," New Yerk, 1907. IL I). Eberleln, "Colonial Houses of Philadelphia," Philadelphia, 1912. J. J. MacFarlane, ".Manufacturing ln Philadelphia, 1912. Lllzabeth Penncll, "Our Philadelphia," 1914 E P. Alllnsen and It. Penrose, "Phila delphia, 1681-1887, a History of Municipal Development," Philadelphia. 1887. p. M. ISttlng, "An Historical Account of the State Heuse, Philadelphia," 1891. K. It Price, "History of the Consolida tion of Philadelphia," Philadelphia, 1873. 3. Weir Mitchell, "HuBh Wynne," "The Red City," "In War Time," "The Quaker City " "The Old Continental." ' Potersen, "Pemberton," "Diary of Eliza beth Drinker," "Diary of Deberah Legan," The Nevels of Charles Breckden Brown. M R, ASHURBT'S assistant's collection at . eh Free Librarr in Dart duplicates the above, but the list is interesting just ns it stnnds, duplicates and all. se I give it ns I found the books en the table: "The True William Penn." Fisher. "Quaker and Courtier," Grant "Penn's Green Country Town," Hotch Hetch lctas "The Old Stntc Heuso of PennsylTanla," Tttttiaf . "The Heuse In Which Jeffersen Wrete the Declaration," Donaldsen. 'WnohlnBten In Germantewn." Jenkins, "TheTiue Benjamin Frnllltin,,, "Stephen 01rard,,r MacMsater. Colonial Doorways," Wharten, "Old neadB Out of Philadelphia." Paris. 'A Boek of Iteniembrance." uillespte. Old Booksellers of Philadelphia," J'teth- crNerth Third Street." Jerdan. "Market Street," Jacksen. "Historic Mansions," WesoetL "'Rlttenheuse Squure." Cehen. Old Germantewnj" Keysyr. Rebert Merris." Oberheltzer. "History of Philadelphia," Scharr end Beunl'sts of Philadelphia," Marsh- fc"HUtery of the City and Its People," 0Ih8ylvu'n City," Campbell. "Rebert Leslie's Recollections," A Cen tuw After." William Baldwin. M. D. . Weir Mitchell," "Juy Coeke," Ober- hC"Wlt Whitman," Illnns. "Walt Whitman," Perry. "J William White." Ueppller. "Early Philadelphia," Lippmcett "Philadelphia nnd Her Merchants," "'"Eminent Fhlladelphlans," "Phlladelr,.ila ,i THer Manufacturers," Freedley. nnMOTavlan Church In Philadelphia," "'"Silccessful Philadelphia Merchann," niii. Phlladelph a," the Pennellt. "Autobiography of Isaae Jenes Wlstar," ,'oCfk,ph"aUdainha.Shackl.ten. "TravelB In Philadelphia." Merley. t find in Tuesday evening's paper ,tlee of n book of great value, which I .ha above list: r'The Letters of He the add notice te the above Herace Heward Furness." Aim at a personal Ond I "I L knob another unknown -with the ?,?n flavor of Quaker family beciety of the e?ghtle" "nd nineties, "The Heuse of rJnie " It gives the atmosphere of the town of tlirt years age -with Impressive fldelttsv , "HEY, i. X tr M 131 m 5 .Jrn-fTI -1 NOW MY IDEA IS THIS! Daily Talks With Thinking Philadelphia en Subjects They Knew Best ROBERT M. GRIFFITH On Caring for the Native Birds EVERY citizen should feel It his duty te de what he can te assist in the preser vation of the nntive birds of this country, according" te Rebert -M. Griffith, treasurer of the Fnirmeunt Park Bird Club nnd n man who has devoted mu-h time for many years te the encouragement of bird life. "Naturally the thing te de te conserve and te promote bird life," said Mr. Giltnth. "Is te provide feed nnd shelter and te nfferd protection against some of the worst enemies of the birds. In this Inst category come heedless boys and cats, especially the kind which have become half wild nnd un reduced te foraging for themselves. A Hard Fight at Best "The native American birds have a sUfli-t-iently hard fight for life at best, nnd every citizen should de what he can te help them ln this battle. In several sections of the ceuntrv there are bird sanctuaries, especially in Alabama, Mississippi and ether of the Southern States, nnd n number of them have been placed upon Government lands. "Mrs. Hetty Green wns one of the first persons te realize what protection te the wild birds would mean, nnd she took an especial Interest in the protection of the egret, the first real protection te this much sought bird having been due te her. She bought an island off Louisiana, nnd there the birds receive real protection. "The Audubon Society has also done much for the protection of bird life, and it i,e nwivittri Mm wardens und watchers te patrol the coast In certain sections where the slaughter of the native birds wns the most outrageous. In New England there is at least one public nnd a number of private bird sanctuaries. , nirds Reallre Protection "Like all wild things, the birds seen realize where they are protected nnd where they are net, nnd therefore the sanctuaries nre speedily crowded. Fnirmeunt Park Is it great bird 'sanctuary. It Is true thnt cats ream thtie in great numbers, but ns a rule the blnl are nble te tnke care of themselves, there, It I the human enemy uirulnst which the bird is helpless. "There ere ninny squirrels tee in tne Park, and thev eat n great many eggs nf the birds in the ceurse of a year: but this cannot be helpid. nnd It is one of nature's ways of maintaining the balance of life among her wild children. Bird houses should be built in such manner that the outs nnd the squirrels cannot get into them. "The crew and the gracklfi nre hnrd en ether birds, and there nre many ether native enemies. But, an I lmve said, ngninst these the bird, with n little help, can held his own, "The cliitf thing te de is te get a iea iea senab'.c nmeiint of interest started among the people in the preservation of the birds. If this can be done the problem will lie solved. With ihis in view our association has had each ear a Bird Masque at the Henry Scheel. The music was furnished by an orchestra and a band nnd .100 or 100 children take part. Children Respond Readily "The ebiect of this Is te instill a love nnd an understanding of the birds into the children, und two this is done it will never leave them and they will remain bird levers te the end of their days. It is surprising te see hew quickly the children, especially the boys, respond te this, Only u short tlrae age a number of boys brought te me n robin which has flown until utterly ex hausted. They had picked it up, put It en a little bed of cotton nnd brought it te me te knew what further te de for it. "The boys of the school make bird houses and prizes are given each year for the chil dren who tnke the greatest Interest In birds for these who mnke the best houses nnd fef these who de the best feeding of them. There are several of these prizes, nnd last year two of the children who wen them bought bird boehs with their prizes. "The movement here started from n visit xt H'? fu,5L0UH i1,1'!1 "nc"ary at Mcrlden, N. II. The children are taught hew te trample down the snow for the birds nnd then te put the feed en the trumped-mr( surface; it is net necessary te shovel the us 1MAZ FELLER, THIS AINT GREECE.' srw- u, i a . .W - s, "X - fU '355 st 3fc. 'its tec "'"Y , AJft.VV vUr-k- JBtttV . ., steft ri .vV AW a r - -hi! Mi- . i,U M U,i , t.r"n . y ..-V""-.! Mievv (f this is done. In the winter birds should have n little suet put low in trees, where both the flying and the ground birds can get it. If it is put en the ground eats nnd dogs will eat it, and it should, there fore, be placed about four feet from the ground. Public Alse Responds "The adult public us well as the children responds generously te the appeal te help save ihe American birds, and we have had mere than TiOO applications from the best people of Philadelphia since our plans have become mere generally known te the public. The interest is unquestionably here; It only needs some method of expression. Only a little knowledge in the necessity of main taining our nntivn birds is needed first, an'd then n little Instruction as te the manner in which this may be the most efficiently done the Philadelphia public will de the rest. "There should be some steps taken te re duce the number of cats In the Park, which de great damage te the bird life. Especially ",10""1 4, liN ,)0 Aenn in tee spring of the year. The cat is an excellent hunter and seen learns hew te hunt birds te the best advantage fur itself. The bird alwaya flies in nn nlr line and the cats knew this ; they also seen find out where the birds eat and where they get water, nnd He n wait for them there. "The birds which make their nests in low bushes nre seen located by t-nts nnd the nest is destroyed and the eung eaten; cats also get many fledglngs whicli drop out of the nests. "I here are many cats half wild which' ve in the Park, nnd It is no uncommon thing te see from two te ten skulking fa the underbrush en a drive from the city te Qer. lnantevvu. " Serious Menace te Birds "There are many mere of them new than hlrni I " ,th,ey ere 1 8ef,0U,t menace tS bird life. This is no reflection en the Park guards, who nre a splendid and efficient body t men, but it is no part of their duty t J ii'ineve this menace without orders. Them, its nie gaunt, with muscles like ates.7 and the b nls and young rabbits, and squirrels ns well, ,,,ve no chance against them; i . i ,,, ler. '"'Pertant means of conserving bird ife I through providing water by mns of blid baths. These should be made of concrete and set In the ground. They sheu?d be from two te four feet long, but new new than three Inches deep and vv h vwv shnlleiv edges. Smaller bird baths may be put en pedestals. I have counted I as m,m as fe.ty-seven wild birds In u single Q it one time en n worm summer day, every-thu-K from ,, goldfinch te a flicker being 'Birds will fly long distances te get wnte, under favorable conditions, and th'se hth attract them in large numbers i In w,m weather. The baths "sheuk I never be bull near shrubbery, where cats may lurk and cet the birds ns they nppenr. Thev lAniVii'i ;. sufficient distance fn the open toallewd the Value of the Wild Bird "The economic value of the wild l.ir.i t. sufficiently well known, I believe: te make ? unnecessary te enlarge upon th. ? matf-J 'I hey arc- of especial importance te the ga-.' deners, the farmers and te all of 'these, wh grew flowers. neae wlm .mT1,t,ni!'nJber ei cts which a few bird, will catch In a day almost pamabellVf But what is net se generally Known i.J if the Insect life were left "Bested I would seen threaten seriously te destM. .n the vegetation of the country. The wY.ni1 warblers, robins and flickers are emtKi dertieyera of the Insect, nnd for thlTSmtS f for no sentimental reasons, theft nS.' tlen is mere than Justified." PWee- DegsamlBable. fWttlU'lB a hes gene te Jail for ten days nnd presumably deserves hit punish ment. nut the evil a man does is t he S ginning of an endlest chain. The mm h.. iireused the mush writers and they ha!e begun te write letters deviling brave nun" Ishment for him. The owner of a tanw deg which bltea children, taww, JSP tlnues te escape condemnation. . - " fijtr S ewzpi 3 Cfsv kV'a J l!W, '. !Sr ism iVfr' rti SHORT CUTS Importation of Swiss cheete te caln' latee te put notes in tne tariff. The Chicago' steckvarda must tun seemed commonplace te one who has koertl war. It loekt as though Santa Claut m, going te bring Uncle Sam a box of bleci ( rlstmas. Though Underwood It misctst at a fili buster, he seems te have played hit pin witn tome success. The States should be left te deal vitl lynching and the Ku Klux Klan till tU states tan down. Here nnd there is the feeling that ti income tax man this year is stealing lift out et santa emus' sleigh. As the populace lacked water, the ps lice ei Mexico city seemed te tmnK it ntcts snry te start mood running. We muy at least assure ourselves tiu Attorney General Daugherty is in no lmmc mate danger et dying or ennui. If postmaster General Werk would wr mlt the pneumatic postal tubes te play bull ness mignt inauigc in u merry uaucc. Students of the news may be parte for believing that the political point of Ti ls the only ene Washington possesses. If the cx-Mlnlsters of Greece were ttfl alive they could probably plead thnt MM deceived the people ter tne people s goon. Fourth installment date appreaehinw It serves te prove te us thnt the incec tax does net grew in popularity with tsm years. Thnan who fnvnr a ronstltutiei amendment te make possible n new cbll moor law say me country is everwnrnwi in favor of it. This frequently means w TnBTiv fla linlf nf 1 n,p rent of tl populace has heard of the matter nnW discussion. What De Yeu Knew? QUIZ 1. In what parts of the world, In atJditW te Yellowstone Park, ere geysers tefl 2. What is the origin of the cxprsu'i "The weulth of aolcenda"? 8. What In n. irrvnhnn? 4. What Is the fastest time for a pasienn steamshln hetween N'ew Yerk V r?h,Sirnir,F L-irnnnA? S. In what year of the nineteenth cw" did revolutions break cut bow France und Uermany? 6. When did Buddha live? 7. What In n. temba? s. What was the distinguishing fsaturij the dress of tragedians of cum times r 9. What Is a corona tn astronomy? 10. Who was Paul CczanneT Answers te Saturday's Quia 1. The oil deposits which have bscemt . IflnttA tat Vi TjiimennA tnfrAfifl4 M situated near Mesul. Metopeiamfl rermcr Turmtn territory, out new -j il. Four great peninsulas are the, Battjjfl th, Italian, thr. Thnrlan. InclUOlSJJi Hraaf ll-la,M Spain and Portugal, and the ScW. MBtlleM iaIiiAIm Oaalan atlrl nlBrWH bVttkMi IIUUUItl RWSUPII MS 'I -tiiMm t. Julea Grew wat a French sfatufflV President of the French republie ma jv ,fler ur jia in iflftl. 4, Tha salary of a Representative in & grass is !)UU u year. ,, f, Th echidna Is n curious Australian ; Taamanlan mammal that laVS l . It haB a small head, with a nM IV longed Inte a slender snout M no teem, its uncle is cover" sun neagencc-iiKe spines anu i s up like a hedgehog te protect lt V, two novels Dy uaptain Ji"''"f. "Peter Bimpie" and "Mr. MWsWI 7, Neptune Is the planet of the solar sytfj wnese oreu is rurineai irem --" 8. The Invention of the Hplnnlng-inn accredited te Jumes HnraresvM. English weaver. Ha died In 7J;-. 9, The Sepey rebellion In India occurred 10. noslna'Vekea was a popular and Mlalenj nnguin ccmtaisnne, g. m""""",. glfted family of players. She d'' lis. - SMtvJMb y ifei' '. .lii wi.'f;-. '5-uzL v. if. i y,4J".' ,;
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers