JT V "i V ft (- :i ' 5-l I? .8s'-' Cucning public t&a I r I'llSLIC LEDGER COMPANY CTBtB Jt K. CL'llTlH, rsMIDIW Mr, C. J4rtln, Vie rrealatnt and Tranrarart ' rhlllp fi. Collin. John . Wllllama. John J. rcort." Oaorca IT. aoldamlth. DavM ic flmiur. etor. ' n, tonr.nT. . Salter jJpHN C. MAnTIN....Ornral Bualnaaa Mtnwr rubihd dally at Plbuo Lams BsudlBS V . maarwnuenca Square. Phil VCXf10 or. .......... ..rraat-C C. Vos i S'- .or,t TOX uiusp-nurnc square. i'nuioipni. trrnia BuHAinc . Ma.51.tm XT. .TA1 ml VlHfUla 5f 5S.ri '! OMt.Dtmocrat nnlialn CllWM.iW..t,. ta rrtktm BuUllng ,ytAv,To nSZTv n?VBi Nr.l Lon j'' r ''' v. annarivama Ava. and lth Bt. " To5 BcaSao Tha Dutldlnc OWMX Duaauo Trafalgar Butlalns .5 BVN,n. Pcsuo Lauoan la eairad to aob !c.r,.t,r,J.n W1adalphla and aurroundlna- towna to j? carri.r. ( ' e"U p,r " 'bl t,?TiVlS i?".potaJ? Me of Phlladalphla. In "Svi'.ii ?"," Mr v.ar. pyabl In aoranea. v2JSlL?ri,,,.irn !un,r'" . (tl) dollar a month. ...5r2B.1Uerlbr" wlablns addraaa changa4 snuat stra old aa wall aa naw addraaa. tIX. SOOO WALNUT - KMXrtONK. MAW IM1 TAdArm All mmuiimu. ...-a.. W..uJ IMdetr. Indrprndfnot ggwira. DMIarfySaMg, Member of the Associated Press ,?,1P. rfjaOCMMD PltKBB b Mh4vtv . tfiapatcnra crrdlffd to U or Ml o4nmc rrrtflloat W t-opcr, and aire h local nc fmtKaheii JM W-L.- . .. .. . .... rtfn art also rtMorvtd. Phll.J.lphl., Mn4tr, Jalr 11. 121 TIME FOR A CHANGE THE long face drawn bj- the Sprlnjfield Water Company the other day over the poaaibllity of a municipal encroachment upon lta pet prcierres in the northern section ot the town Is nothing-at all compared with the .chronic expression "of displeasure worn by offerers from a burdtnsorao distribution yatem. The suburban water concern derived peedy consolation from the City Solicitor's office, whenco cams the information that the ew pipes now belnc laid by the raunlci ttality in Broad street between Green Lane ad York road are simply for purpose of connecting parts of the city's own equip ment. The public's grievance remains. Somo years ago the Springfield Water Company contracted to serve certain portions of the metropolitan district Isolated from the city system. The arrangement at that time was suitable. . With the growth of Philadelphia, however, the anomaly is presented of a private or sanitation assuming functions which the municipality is quit competent to take over. Residents of North Philadelphia are thus placed in the position of paying taxes to the city and at the same time water rents to a private concern, whose charges for the sup ply arc greatly in excess of the municipal rates. The remedy la the purchase of the Spring Held Water Company's rights by the city. There Is no other way of obviating an abuse ef long standing. BACK-HANDED FINANCING rIS not easy to see just what cause, snvc that ot obstructionism, is served by Controller Hndley's refusal to certify to the Mayor the availability of funds for city contracts before the Executive's signature has been affixed. Professing a desire to co-operate with his official superior, Mr. Hadley declares his willingness to furnish full Information re garding the money on hand. In this case, why is certification to be withheld until iter the Mayor has acted? Controller Walton, whone authoritative experience could not be disputed, began this practice of protecting the Executive by certifications in advnnce. The logic of that procedure is self-evident. The present departure is obviously a case of placing the cart before the horse. It is ridiculous for the Mayor to be driven into a position In which he may sign contracts for work that cannot be paid for. Unless Mr. Hadley is cheerfully contemplating such a situation, he is entangling himself in a mass ot futile technicalities. There Is not the least convincing excuse for reversing Mr. Walton's policy unless picayune politics is in the ascendant in the Controller's offlce, and in that case the "necessity " is appealing only to special organized interests. NO MEXICAN CRISIS TtlEIlE will be In this country a general senf.c of relief at the withdrawal of the two United States warships which, under special orders from the Navy Department, appeared nt the port of Tnmpico for emer gency service of a sort which was not clearly described by Seeretnry Dcnby. It was after Secretary Hughes had con- Srrcd with the Secretary of the Navy that e vessels were ordered to sea again. Ne gotiations tending toward peaceful working agreements between the United Staten and Mexico are approaching successful conclu sion. The people of this country have no desire to meddle unduly In the affairs of a neighboring people. Such friction as is apparent nt and near the border hns the appearance of being artificially created. There was a remote possibility of riots and violence at Tamplco because of wide spread unemployment nt the oil wells, but that dnnscr hns passed. The trouble with emergency mtpslons of warships is that a small Incident Involved In the forceful ex ercise of nntlnnnl rlshts on foreign territory can often be the beginning of endless trouble and disastrous coninllcnllnn". THE BACKWARD PORT aa"OAIIUOAI and steamship companies," XV bewails a former State Governor, "are handling buslnesi through this port pretty much as they did fifty years ago." Considering the fact that one of the river piers Is 114 years old and Is kept together with wooden pegs instead of nails and spikes, and that its immediate neighbor was constructed eighty-four years ago, the half century retrospect seems Insufficient. The speaker alluded also, and with consid erable melancholy, to belt-line deficiencies and tlip need In general of counteracting backwardness and maladministration in the port- What is Philadelphia going to do about it? As a matter of fact, nothing whatever, for, it so happens that the above jeremiad was delivered one day last week by former Governor Smith, of New York, and the subject of his lamentations was the harbor of Mnnhattnn. America's gntaway. Who wns It who declared that "in the ad versity of our best friends we often find something that Is not exactly displeasing"? He said a morsel. AN IMMIGRATION MUDDLE THE detention by the Ellis Island au thorities of a passenger on one of the Incoming steamships who .first became a resi dent of the United States in 1885 nnd has since lived In this country for long periods, is an additional illustration of the clumsy operation of the new Immigration Law. That act. with its complicated system of proportional representation of foreigners traveling to our shores, seems to have been rninplled without much regard for the prac tical aspects of the situation. r In the instance cited It so happens that he dtnlril Englishman, whose daughter, 1" 'an itin American-born, was permitted en- traV h siBf Class .- at cttfttoctte, however, lg by bo meant the f poiat Involved. It Is wholly probable that this foreigner, with American offspring, will eventually be allowed to land. Infringement of the onerous national ratio rules usually ends la their Infraction. Ex emptions hare In numerous cases beea granted to steamship companies after the difficulties of the case oould be met in no other way. Deportations under the old law 'were dis tressing enough. Their increase 'today works further hardships. Plainly, the immigration problem Is not one that can be solved by a law that will not work. MR. HUGHES REAFFIRMS JOHN HAY'S DOCTRINE The Open Door Must Be Maintained and China's Right to Have a Voice In Far Eastern Discussions Must Bo Respected SECRETARY UUGHES has returned un equivocally to the position of Secretary Hay in defense of the open door In China, The occasion which has called forth the statement of the position of the Administra tion arises out of a protest made by the Drltlsb, Japanese and Danish Governments over a concession to the Federal Telegraph Company, an American corporation, to erect wireless stations in certain parts of China. The Government of China asked Secretary Hughes on June 0 whether the American Government intended to withdraw its sup port of the telegraph company. Secretary Hughes replies directly that the American Government has no Intention of withdrawing. He Intimates that the pro tests against the telegraph company's con cession "are founded on assertions of mo nopolistic or preferential rights in the field of Chinese governmental enterprise, which cannot be reconciled either with the treaty rights of American citizens In China or with the principle of the open door." As to the open door, Secretary Hughes says that this Government whole-heartedly supports that principle, "which it has tra ditionally regarded as fundamental both to the interests of China itself nnd to the com mon interests of all Powers in China and Indispensable to the freo development of their commerce in the Pacific." Nothing could be clearer than this. When tho Powers were getting ready to partition China just before the Boxer uprising, Secre tary Hay intervened with bis series of open door notes summoning these Powers to re affirm their profession of a desire to respect the rights of other Powers in their spheres of Influence and to respect the territorial integrity of China. The American Secretary of State put them in such a position that they could not very well refuse to go on record ns fnvorlng the open door. This was in 1809. The American position was re affirmed in 1008 in the Root-Takahlra declaration, when Ellhu Root was Secretary of State and Baron Takahlra was Japanese Ambassador in Washington. It was thought desirable to put Japan once more on record, ns the Japanese were looking with greedy eyes toward the undeveloped resources of China. Secretary Lansing wobbled on the open door policy when he wrote to Viscount Ishit, the Japanese Ambassador In 1017, that "territorial propinquity creates special relation- between countries, and conse quently the Government of the United States recognizes that Japan has special Interests in China, particularly In the part to which her possessions are contiguous." Japan and China assumed that this meant that the United States admitted that Japan had special economic rights In China. The Chinese Government even went so far as to issue a formal statement setting forth its adherence to the principle of equal rights to all nations and to atbcrt that "hereafter the Chinese Government will still adhere to the principle hitherto adopted, nnd hereby it is again declared that the Chinese Gov ernment will not allow herself to be bound by any agreement entered into by other nations." The definite and positive rcnssertlon of the American adherence to the open-door policy is notice not only to Japan, but to every other Power, that it cannot disregard that policy without reckoning with this country. We stand back of China with our moral support. We occupy the traditional position of friendship for this great Oriental people, n position which has earned for us its grntltude and respect. We have never sought sphms of influ ence. We have never sought to exploit the Chinese. We have desired tn co-operate with them In the development of their great resources. And we have demanded that our engineers nnd our capitalists should be al lowed the same freedom that Is allowed to the capitalists and enjlnecrs of other coun tries, and that this freedom be respected by other nations safeguarded by the Chinese themselves, whoso right to govern their own country is undisputed. The Implications of the note of Secretary Hughes go beyond the rights of the Federal Telegraph Company. They touch upon the Japanese ambitions in Shantung ns the successors of Germany. The Chinese rep resentatives declined to sign the Versailles Treaty because of the Shantunc section. There was never anv chance for the ratifi cation of that section of the treaty bv the Americnn Senate, because It was contrar) to the open-door policy. China was never in greater nned of a powerful friend than she is today. Her people are divided nmong themselves, be cause they have not solved all the problems growing out of the revolution which over threw the monarchy. The exploiting vul tures are ready to i-eize upon her In the hour of her weaknesH. and they can he pre vented only by the Insistence of thoic who believe In the ultimate ability of ihe Chinese to adjust themselves to the new political conditions and have confidence in their capacity for adapting their mode of life to the changing economic conditions which will come when they have begun on n large scale to develop their latent resources. The right of China tn a voice in the settlement of her own nffalrs Is recognized by Secretary Hughes when he includes her in the invitation to a conference on dis armament and the Pacific and Far Eastern problems. PUBLICTTY AND THE FAIR NO MOKE fitting suggestion hag been made since the preparations for the sesqul-centennlal celebration of the Decla ration of Independence were begun than that of the Associated Advertising Clubs of the World. One of the permanent buildings, in the opinion of the leaders of this organization, should be dedicated to advertising, printing and publishing. This suggestion is fitting because if the fair is succeinful It will be because of the manner in which It is advertised. Without "publicity," as it Is sometimes called, it will amount to very little. The people, not oniy of the United States, but of Europe and Asia, must know what Is planned and why it Is planned If they are to be at tracted to It. There was never a time when the sig nificance of the Declaration of Independence was more widely Interesting than it Is now. It wbs an assertion of the fundamental rights of the democracy. ITie ability of democ racies in other parts of the world to exercise those rights Is now being tested. The monarchy has disappeared from Germany, from Austria-Hungary and from Russia as it disappeared from the United States in 1776. The ptopla of those countries must A t EOTNDfG -PUBLIC LEDGEB-PHIIjADELPHEA:,' have an acute interest in American instl- 1 tutlons at this time. Their leaders can, bo induced to visit Philadelphia in 1020 If tho advantages to accrue from It are properly set before them. And thus tho fair can be made more truly international In lta scope and Its Influence than any that has ever been held before in any city or In any country, "Thus, when we have a great fair attended by hundreds of thousands of visitors, it can be pointed out that its success is tho result of Intelligent publicity, and the building de voted to the advertising business would at tract the attention ot every one who is interested in learning how this sort of thing is done. A TRUCE IN IRELAND AN "END of violence and disorder and dis sension in Ireland is necessary not only for the peace of Britain but for the peace of a large part of the outside world. The Irish question cannot be buried or thrust aside or forgotten. Succeeding Governments and succeeding Premiers have tried these methods consist ently for generations. The stubborn old politicians of a vanishing school have aaid that there was nothing to grant, nothing to arbitrate, in the neighboring Island. Others have tried kindness nnd generosity while re fusing to recognize the baste principle around which the trouble raged. Meanwhile, the Irish question persisted and grew. It has widened and found a way into the poli tics of far dominions. It has become an issue in .Australia and in Canada. It cer tainly has become someUjIng of a polltlfal issue in the United States, where it has come to be the chief obstacle in the way of those who percelvo the need for continuing closo and friendly relationship and co operation between the people, of the United States and the people of Britain. And there Is on each side bo much passionate convic tion, so much good logic and so much sin cerity that no man can decently formulate n final opinion without first having a pro found knowledge of Irish history and a sympathetic understanding of Irish nffalrs and the Irish temperament. The problem confronting I,loyd George nnd the leaders of North and South Ireland is an inheritance from the fnr times when statesmen everywhere were less sensitive to popular feeling than they arc now. It has become complicated by faulty handling, by Intense religious feeling and by conflicting natural factors which sharply divide the people of the North from the people of the South. Ulster is Industrial and practical minded, and it claims to own and create almost two thirds of the wealth of the country. It In cludes approximately one-third of the popu lation. The other two-thirds of the Irish people are more race-conscious than their Northern countrymen nnd more Influenced by race tradition. Ulstermcu are fond of saying that they don't want to be governed by dreamers "who would rather sing or play or write poetry than do a good day's work in a mill." Yet the unbiased travelers who know the Ireland of today ordinarily are moved by admiration for Ulster nnd by something like love for the more wistful and imaginative South. The unhapplest factor in the present com plication is the deep and seemingly in eradicable line of religious difference that divides the people. Yet it ought always to be remembered that there arc numerous Home-Rulers and Republicans in Ulster just as there arc Influential groups ot Union ists in the South. It has been a long time since any really representative Englishman desired to with hold Home Rule from Ireland. But in Eng land, even among those who accept unques tionlngly the principle of self-determination, the Instinctive reaction to the suggestion of an Independent Irish Republic has been much like that which in this country would follow the expressed desire of oue of the coast Stntes sny New Jersey to secede from the Union. "Suppose," sny the British, "that some future Government In Ireland should ally Itself with enemies of England 7" To this very natural question the Irish reply that unity of sentiment In all the British Isles would come more quickly with Irish freedom than without it. At least this is the argumont of the Sinn Fein leaders. Majority opinion, however, favors a modern sort of Dominion Government nnd n separate Fnrllamcnt. To that principle Ulster virtunlly agreed, though It demanded nnd received a Parliament of Its own which is intended to work hnrmonlou.ily with a Parliament of the South. How to adjust two Parliaments nnd see to It that the interests and susceptibilities of both sides are unhurt is the problem of the hour in Britain. Meanwhile, the British Empire is chang ing. Its Government Is not now nnd prob ablv never again will be wholly centralized in Downing Street. Political thinking in England Is bclnj profoundly Influenced by the feeling in Canada, in Amtrnlla and In Africa, just as political thinking In Wash ington is responsive to I he feeling of tin various States. The British Empire Is as suming a form suggestive of a United States of the World, and the Dominion Premiers who have been conferring in London appear to have worked determinedly to make of Ireland a contented nnd progressive unit in the empire. Since the conference of Pre miers opened there has been n noticeable improvement In the admlnlstrntlve methods of the Lloyd George Government In the In surgent areas. Massachusetts' Commissioner of Agri culture urges that no more poppies be brought from Flanders' fields, ns thorc Is crent danger of their doing damage to Americnn crops. Eastern New Jersey al rendv has fields of them ns n result of bal last dumped from trans-Atlantic steamers. Sentiment approved their growth, bentlment largely born of a famous poem. It would be strange If that sentiment should prove responsible for nu invader ns deadly ns the Jnpanesc beetle. In Rochester. N. Y.. the feathers of a crow caught fire from nn electric wire, and when the bird flew into a liny field It started a blaze that cost thousands of dollars. Then n chemical engine arrived nnd prevented further damage. We believe the story 1m plicitlv. We have grapevine information to the effect that the crow dragged herself to a fire-alarm box. turned in the alarm and would have promptly fninted but for. tho smell of her burned feathers. ' The patch, the Woman's Pnge informs us is reappenrinp for evening use. It Is worn, we are told, to draw attention to some good feature a sparkling eye, a pretty curved lip or a dimpled cheek. Daring ones may prhaps wear it to draw attention to dimpled knees. But women do not monopo llr.e the patch. In hod-carrying circles it still occupies Its accustomed seat. Tho presumption Is that Senators in their haste to take up the Bonus Bill forgot to read the Sweet Reorganization Bill ; for nobody doubts that we owe a more pressing debt to the sick soldier thnn to the well soldier. The New York Times hpeaks of a "sea son no longer silly" because the newspapers no more feature the sea serpent. Case of unjustifiable optimism. The sea serpent hns been chnsed from the shore resorts by oue plcce bathing suits nnd dimpled knees. With a tariff based on the selling price of nn article In the place of consumption and the selling price largely bused on the amount of the tariff, an assessor ought to have almost ns mnrJi fun as the average citixea with an Income-tax blank. W AS ONE WOMAN SEES IT Other Folks' Problems Sometimes Keep One Questing Efficiency Ex pert' Diagnosis and Prescrip tion a Case In Point By SARAH D. LOWUIK AT A dinner party a friend of mine was once giving, the wait between the salad course anil the dessert was unconscionable, and seeing her butler's usually Impassive face greatly perturbed, the hostess asked him, sotto voce, what wns the matter.' He laid a telegram addressed to himself on her plate as he put down tho dessert dishes and stood at attention while she read it. , It ran ns follows: "Father hns fits answer." . The messenger boy wns. kicking his heels In the front vestibule and the ico cream was melting in tho pantry while the distracted butler tried to tliink what to answer. And Indeed, after he hnri Burred hn roffpo nnil departed to solve the problem undlstracted, tho lady put it to her guests. Thero were as many answers ns there were guests, without any one feeling confident that the right answer had been evolved, IT IS very hard to live up to what is ex pected of you in more things thnn tele grams, especially where a brnnd-ncw di lemma Is involved. I heard of n quandary the other day a man was In on being given his first long vacation, I have so wondered if the way lie solved It proved to he the right way for him. nnd yet I suppose that part of the story will never come my way. The first half of the story of that holiday reached me by reason of a pretty experience a friend ot mine had on a Hudson River boat. She wns going North on one of the night boats, and after her husbnud had es tablished her and feed the steward to look after her they sat talking on deck until the final moment of his leaving. She remained where he had left her ns the cront bont swung out to midstream, and ns the evening was mild nnd lovely nnd tho place wns pro tected from the breeze sho sat comfortnbly on there during the evening, enjoying the view and her book and the desultory echoes of conversation from the few fellow passen gers who were scattered nbout that particu lar deck. A quiet, eKger young man she sized him up as possibly a mechanic or master of somo technical trade had stood for n long while not far from her, looking nt tho view, nnd when, somewhnt shyly, he nsked if the cmnpstool beside her was unengaged nnd at her nod took it to where ho had stood and sat down on it, she made some kindly, cheerful remark on the beauty of the evening. He burst out with a sort of vehement re lief of hnvlng some one to talk his sensation over with. "I am twenty-eight years old," said ho, "and I never knew there wns anything so beautiful In' tho world as this!" And he made a motion of his hand toward the Pnllsades looming out beyond them. "But then," he ndded, "I guess living nil my life at Wilmington, Delaware, wouldn't give me much of an idea what was in the world. I've worked ever since I was twelve, and this is my first holiday I've spent nway from home, except Lnbor Day nnd Christmas and the Fourth, going to Atlantic and the like of that." GRADUALLY the rest of his story came out. As to how, in particular, that holiday he was embarked upon brie" come about. He had worked up from his twelve-year-old position to being foreman of oue depart ment of the works a very Important de partment, presumably, since when tho rest of the business shut down this sprint- owing to slack work his shift was kept on the job. But tho general let-up had worked hnvoc for hlra, in that all the other foremen made his shop the place to loaf In or, as he put it, they gathered thero regularly to make suggestions to him 011 how to run his job or how they would have run It had it been their job. And they got on his nerves to such nn extent thnt when the efficiency expert employed by the firm settled down to give advice, too. he "up nnd told him" he was going to quit. Not quit the works, of course, but quit that too "picked at" end of It. "I'll nsk the office this very day, ns I stand here," he had announced, "to put me somewhere where I enn be left alone to do my work In peace. This hutting In of every body Is driving me crazy 1" The efficiency mop nsked him If he In tended to nctually go thnt day. nnd he swore that he actually did Intend that very thing. And, as good ns his word, he went to the superintendent nt closing time and made his demand. But the efficiency man had been there before him. AVlth the result that the boss wns quite prepnrcd with his nnswer. "Now, look here." he had sold, "there is nothing the matter with you or with your job except thnt you have worked sixteen years and you've lived In the same place all your life without a renl let-up. Don't get out of thnt plnce In the works; It's where you belong. But take a vacation, and take It for a month nnd tnke it on the firm. You go up In the woods somewhere and relax nnd get smoothed clown. And you'll enjoy your job when you get hnck. Now you just do ns I say, drnw your full time pay and your expenses and light out right nway!" WELL, thnt was certainly a grent notion of the boss' and very squnre, nnd nftcr talking It over with the wife it was decided thnt the offer wns too good not to accept. The only question wns, where to go? Of course, the wife could look nfter the children there were three of tbem all rleht while he wns gone, but It was lonely to think of starting out holidaying with nowhere lu particular to go. It wns at this point he thought of nn uncle whom he had once Keen when he came on a visit down nt homo when he hlinBelf was a child. The uncle lived nt Amherst, up in New England, and had always claimed the scenery up thnt way wns fine. He lind n son, too. nbout the tnmc nge probably twenty-eight or so so it would he not just like visiting with nn oldish man. At nil events, n ticket had been bought clear through to Springfield, Mnss., nnd this bout ride wns the m-bt stage ot tuc journey. "Was tho uncle n farmer near Amherst?" my friend had Inquired, thinking of the boss' advice nbout woods nnd quiet. No, that had not '"nied llkelv. since hlx letters had n street number, but It wns hard to fray what business he wns In, the visit to Dclawnrc having been ncnrly twenty yeurs ago. Hnd he written? AVns he expected? wns my friend's further somewhnt anxious in- nry- , , Yes, he'd written to sny he might he up soon. There hnd been nothing to hinder his going nfter writing thnt nnd getting his ticket. "She'd" packed his suitcase for him and he'd come oit next iay. Yes, he had a picture of her. nt least ; she would never hnve herself kodaked because she did not "take" well, but there wan n picture he hnd snnppcd of her standing with her hnck to the enmera. holding tho baby. lie produced it with satisfaction nnd ngreed thnt she hnd n mighty nice figure us well ns a pretty bnby. There was a touch of homesickness In his way of looking nt the little thing. t'- rnised the wonder If his first vncatlon would he quite joyous without her. One cannot help wondering, too, how the Amherst uncle panned out, nfter nearly twenty years of paratlon. The month is almost over. Has Amherst filled the bill, I wonder? Whatever happens, his first vision of benuty thnt night on the Hudson will stnnd him in good stend when he gets hnck on Ms job. PERHAPS the experience will lend tn other tmvels "fnr countries for to sre." I once nsked n womnn who wns dying slowly nnd too ill to read If religion wns her chief consolation she hnd been n very stnnch Christian nil her well days, both lu thought nnd practice, "I do not think very much about religion Just now," she remnrked cheerfully. "I find mv trnvels-nre n great source uf pleasure lu me, however." WQNDAt;- JULY H, I " CLEARING - 3? - - , .JldBJBJBB !, '"-f' ?J -.u ..- V a P'9Bffi3!BBfllBlBMHiBiBBKKitftfcdWVv l NOW MY IDEA IS THIS Daily Talks With Thinking Philadelphia on Subjects They Know Best DR. E. STANLEY ABBOTT On Mental Hygiene MENTAL hygiene is playing u larger pnrt In the work of the world thnn most people Imagine, accordlug to Dr. E. Stanley Abbott, medical director of the Mental Hygiene Committee of the Public Chaflties Association of Penusylvnnin. While the work in still young ns a branch of nn exnet medical science, much hns alrendv been accomplished nnd the possibilities nrc prnc ticully unlimited, he says. "Tho general work of mental hygiene," Dr. Abbott points out. "luya especial em phasis upon the principles of the prevention of mental diseases which mny occur Inter In life and the prevention of meutnl defects lu children becoming permanent ones. Then, too, there is the prevention of the conso quenccs of mental defects. "By this last I menu thnt there nrc n good mnny mentnl defectives who mny be so trained ns to become orderly citizens, with the result thnt there Is no peed for their segregation. Such cases, if properly trained, are not a menace to tho community. Their training, therefore, prevents them from suf fering the consequences of their inheritance of mental defectiveness. Cannot Prevent Feeblo-mlndcdness "We cannot prevent fceblc-mlmlodncss, because the feeble-minded arc born in this unfortunate condition, and, of courso, after the birth we have to cope with a given condition which wo are powerless to change entirely, but with which much may be done. What can be done is to put the feeble minded child lu special classes at the schools or give him training at an institution for the feeble-minded. "Bv this training many can be prevented from becoming delinquents and thus malting themselves n scourge upon society nt lnrgc, filluig our courts nnd jails constantly nnd living the lives of criminals. "Roughly, oue-quartor of the InmnteR of our prisons arc feeble-minded persons, This Is nn astonishingly large percentage, but the fncts have been clearly demonstrated. There is no doubt that quite n large propor tion of this number could hnvo been saved from such n enreer hnd they been brought up In a proper environment nnd received the right kind of trnluing ns children. Thus, for the wnnt of the rlht kind of Instruction 11 large number of persons nre needlessly made n menace to the community. "Philadelphia, which hns alwnjs hnd n medical eminence second to thnt of scnrcely nny city in the world, Is well to the front In the mnttcr of the study nnd the trentment of such enscs of mental defectiveness. In this city there nre now about 175 classes for children. We need more, but still thnt is n very good stnrt. Somu Vifnl Needs "Some of the grentcst needs in this ques tion, which is one of vltnl importance to every community in tho country which has n due regard for the niniutennnce of its wel fare ns well ns of Its Inws, arc llr.st of nil 11 lnrger number of school physlclnns nnd psychological examiners. The nisei which are constantly brought to light require moro time nnd moro cureful study thnn the smnll number of experts employed nre able to give them. "Another very Important matter is the necessity for giving advice to the less fortu nately situated in life ns to their own mental condition, nnd n third is tho establishment of mentnl clinics, A jenr or two ngo the Pennsylvania Hospital, which has hurt n mentnl clinic for years, developed it greatly nnd It Is now one of the best In the country. "Dr. Fifrbush has nlso established n men tnl clinic nt Blockley, which will In lime develop Into n splendid Institution. An other Is the Fnrmlngtoii Clinic, under I)r Ltiilliim. This is fiinnccd hv graduates of rnrmlngton nnd It hns originated some new fenlures, one of which In the vfsltiip! of the persons under charge nt their homed. "The necessity fnr trentment Is detected In n number of ways. School teachers mny recognize deficiency In n child or the school physician may detect It In his rxnniliiiitliiiis Again, the parents themselves imit realize it. or It may he observed by n sodiil worker In n visit to the homo of the child, or It mny come through one of the social welfare agencies, "After the case has been 'located' the child Is taken to n mental clinic, where tho trouble ! classified and tlw, enuun in,,..,..i 1 K JjoMiblo. It way be duti to illness or any ld2J. other of many reasons, without being neces surlly fccblc-tnindedncss or congenital de fectiveness. Adenoids nnd tonsils enrly in life are frequent causes. But, whatever it may he, the clinic is usually able to lo cate it. "Then the family, the teacher or the social worker is told what is best to be done, whether that be spocinl classes Xor the child, nn institution for the feeble-minded or the correction of medical conditions. I have frequently seen cases in which a backward child, after study in special classes, was able to return to school and immediately take the grade where its age required It to bo. Special Classes Beneficial "In n general wny, I should say that about 2 per cent of school children derive benefit from these special classes. These, it should ho remembered, are rarely the feeble minded, but children who for one reason or another nre bnckwnrd. These special classes nre small, not more thnn fifteen or nt the most twenty being in them. "In these classes a good deal of attention is paid to each child and a good deal of attention to munuul things rather thnn to book work. The teachers find out first of nil where the trouble begnn in ense of spe cific deficiency, such ns the study of arith metic, for example, and then try to correct It. Ihe idea is to trace the trouble to its source and then to correct the source. "But many odults as well as children come to these mental clinics, and there arc many persons who are nfflicted with tho beginnings of insanity. In fact, the ndults considerably outnumber the children, roughly in the pro portion of three ndults to one child. In nearly every ense of this kind wo are able to give aid. Mental deficiency In ndults. moio commonly the milder of the mental troubles generally is not recognized ns such by the family or even by the patient him self. "In Pennsylvania today there are not as many State mentnl hospitals as there should be, nnd they im. Pflrlv nn ba( 0 crowded. The system of caring for these cases In Pennsylvania Is different from that In most other States. Hero there is mixed btnte and county care, nnd the State en courages tho counties to build nnd maintain county hospltuls. 'U5".1 th;,'wLnt' ll0fcPltnl Is never so good ns thnt of the State, although some of tlicm nre fairly K( Tho r f Ihe 'overhead' charges and the cost of maintenance are the same for both State nnd county Ht the cost of mnl uta u ng. a hospital looms much larger In a county budget than In a State budget, consequent y tho County Commissioners with an eye economy try to keep the costs down. They mny do so but it must never be forgotten tllS putlenl: nlwnW ,,0" nt thc "P'Ke 0" What Is Needed "There nre not enough nurses nnd tho I hyslelnns arc not pnld well enough for he difficult nnd laborious work which they have to do. Imt h needed In this State i" a complete change from combined State and county care to complete Stnte care? This Is one of the most important and difficult 0f the men al hygiene problems in Pen. svl vnnln today, and just how It will be worked out Is impossible to sny now. d "Thus the patients in mentnl troubles who lve In n county where there is n cm. , y hospltn are really penalized, hecm.se ley are oh Iced to go to their county I osp a where they do not get the enre given to other persons who. living in n romv w, !, ,n" no hospltnl may , to the Sthtc lospi T 1 am not h amine the counties for this he. cnuse the Commissioners must keep do vn the r expenses, hut (he system which make" such things possible Is wrong and should be corrected ns soon us posshle "The Inws of Pennsylvania relating to the Insnne nml mentally deficient nre now Tr revls on by commission of which Dr brazier, the president of our nssnclnt on is ,. incmhor. There has been no revision since 1RS.1 Many of the old laws were excel "nt nnd these hnve been retained, while P others hnve been brought up to dn e Y hope for much I,, this direction t the next session of the Legislature. "Finally 1 our work In mentnl hygiene we nrc triii for three qn.lt things. '$, special classes f)r the children: sec .d tl e .s nhlls hmcut of more metal dlnlci. n,,d third, better enre for the patients nnd ImiiKo from Ihe ostein of combined Slate and county euro to complete State care ' SHORT CUTS We could all bo huppy just now with 1 stiff nor'castcr. Every time Dr, Congress ices a phar macy he scents a bootlegger. It must bo said for Sir .Tames Craig that he looks as alert as a police captain. It is fair to presume that Director Furbush didn't know of thc Green Lint avenue dump. Why not hnvo nog Island ns s frn port ns. well as a terminal, shipbuilding plant and hnrbor? We know now that tho Mayor hn bwn accumulating a rich vocabulary for use on tho golf links. As we understand it, Prof. Einstein, beinc true to his own theory of relativity, didn't get things entirely straight. We'd feel real hopeful if this toast could be celebrated tomorrow: May Hie Dove ot Peace make her nest in shamrocki! If thc Allies did not expect the triaLs of German war crlmlnnls to be farces, wbj did they permit them to be staged at Leipzig? The State, we learn from Harrisburr, will buy 82,000 nnimnls for preserves. , Thirty-two thousand seems a regular jam, doesn't it? Einstein says women domlnnte thc en tire life of Amoricn. Well, we notice that it Is tho women of America thnt are loudest in denouncing him, "I don't know whether Pcnns.vlvnl girls or New Jersey girls are the prettier, remnrked Aroos Keeter, "but I do know that they are all red-blooded Americans. That San Francisco rondhouse prjnrl tor who included bootleg profits trutlifallf scheduled In his Income tax list has a con science worthy of John Barleycorn, righteous but somewhat befuddled. A Marblchead, Mass., diver recently re trieved from the ocean a bottle of Martini cocktails. Davy Jones must have sw'PP tho Spanish doubloons he hnd In hl loc for the stuff outlawed bv thc VolsUsd law What Do You Know? QUIZ 1. What dependencies of Great Hrltaln at offlclnlly termed Dominions? 2. Where In tho highest municipal buliams in America? 3. How old Is John D. Itockcfeller? 4. What Is the literal meaning of the worn amphibious! .,, n. What Is meant by the Synoptic gosP"'1 6. What Is an apocnlypse? 7. What heavenly constellntlnn cor tains wt stnrs which form tho nipper? . want is yucca; ,, , 9. Between whnt years did Queen Victoria ,1 regn; 10. What Is a yawl? j Answers to Saturday's Quli , 1. Th Kpnnlsh main Is thu North Coast 1 South Amerlcn. A , , m,u ! 2. A dibble Is a pointed Instrument , to ro I holes in the grounu, " plants or seeds. , , . .mJ 3. nichard Washburn Child has been nam. United Htnteii Minister to Italy.. til, 4. Platinum Is found In South America, 1 Urnl Mountains, Borneo, Santo " mlngo nnd New Zealand and in i , quantities In the gold washings 0' w rncllli Slope. horlsofl 5. Tho nzlmuth Is nn nro of the 1 nor' measured clockwise between i " Seal point of the horizon and the "u0h. circle through the center of an 6. Justices of the United States Supr" Court are appointed for life. hoUU The nccent on tho word bacillus nu run on tne aecona Byim,"1,- .. . .rest Polvnesla Is tho nams applied to f ., division of tho Paclflo Ocean j hl extending from America to fj'i,l hvi North and as far n? Australia, not Including It, In tho Soutn. ' , classification Is chiefly ethnplosW fa the Islands Included nre nil l"'"', by members of tho To vneslan r. something akin to the Malay a no mining. It Is thought an ''S is fiisnn of white b'ood, M'Mi.'iJ I th Paclflo Ocenn division '".V.nS lb smnll Islands left over. . sutt( Grant wnH President of tho United M , from lsnn to tS77, ,,, Tor4 A cnplnn Is n writ r( nrrest. "V Is Latin and means "take thou, j ft
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers