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Phll.J.lphl., Mn4tr, Jalr 11. 121
TIME FOR A CHANGE
THE long face drawn bj- the Sprlnjfield
Water Company the other day over the
poaaibllity of a municipal encroachment upon
lta pet prcierres in the northern section ot
the town Is nothing-at all compared with the
.chronic expression "of displeasure worn by
offerers from a burdtnsorao distribution
yatem.
The suburban water concern derived
peedy consolation from the City Solicitor's
office, whenco cams the information that the
ew pipes now belnc laid by the raunlci
ttality in Broad street between Green Lane
ad York road are simply for purpose of
connecting parts of the city's own equip
ment. The public's grievance remains. Somo
years ago the Springfield Water Company
contracted to serve certain portions of the
metropolitan district Isolated from the city
system. The arrangement at that time was
suitable.
. With the growth of Philadelphia, however,
the anomaly is presented of a private or
sanitation assuming functions which the
municipality is quit competent to take over.
Residents of North Philadelphia are thus
placed in the position of paying taxes to the
city and at the same time water rents to a
private concern, whose charges for the sup
ply arc greatly in excess of the municipal
rates.
The remedy la the purchase of the Spring
Held Water Company's rights by the city.
There Is no other way of obviating an abuse
ef long standing.
BACK-HANDED FINANCING
rIS not easy to see just what cause,
snvc that ot obstructionism, is served by
Controller Hndley's refusal to certify to the
Mayor the availability of funds for city
contracts before the Executive's signature
has been affixed.
Professing a desire to co-operate with his
official superior, Mr. Hadley declares his
willingness to furnish full Information re
garding the money on hand. In this case,
why is certification to be withheld until
iter the Mayor has acted?
Controller Walton, whone authoritative
experience could not be disputed, began this
practice of protecting the Executive by
certifications in advnnce. The logic of that
procedure is self-evident.
The present departure is obviously a case
of placing the cart before the horse. It is
ridiculous for the Mayor to be driven into a
position In which he may sign contracts for
work that cannot be paid for. Unless Mr.
Hadley is cheerfully contemplating such a
situation, he is entangling himself in a mass
ot futile technicalities.
There Is not the least convincing excuse
for reversing Mr. Walton's policy unless
picayune politics is in the ascendant in the
Controller's offlce, and in that case the
"necessity " is appealing only to special
organized interests.
NO MEXICAN CRISIS
TtlEIlE will be In this country a general
senf.c of relief at the withdrawal of the
two United States warships which, under
special orders from the Navy Department,
appeared nt the port of Tnmpico for emer
gency service of a sort which was not
clearly described by Seeretnry Dcnby.
It was after Secretary Hughes had con-
Srrcd with the Secretary of the Navy that
e vessels were ordered to sea again. Ne
gotiations tending toward peaceful working
agreements between the United Staten and
Mexico are approaching successful conclu
sion. The people of this country have no
desire to meddle unduly In the affairs of a
neighboring people. Such friction as is
apparent nt and near the border hns the
appearance of being artificially created.
There was a remote possibility of riots
and violence at Tamplco because of wide
spread unemployment nt the oil wells, but
that dnnscr hns passed. The trouble with
emergency mtpslons of warships is that a
small Incident Involved In the forceful ex
ercise of nntlnnnl rlshts on foreign territory
can often be the beginning of endless trouble
and disastrous coninllcnllnn".
THE BACKWARD PORT
aa"OAIIUOAI and steamship companies,"
XV bewails a former State Governor,
"are handling buslnesi through this port
pretty much as they did fifty years ago."
Considering the fact that one of the river
piers Is 114 years old and Is kept together
with wooden pegs instead of nails and
spikes, and that its immediate neighbor was
constructed eighty-four years ago, the half
century retrospect seems Insufficient.
The speaker alluded also, and with consid
erable melancholy, to belt-line deficiencies
and tlip need In general of counteracting
backwardness and maladministration in the
port-
What is Philadelphia going to do about it?
As a matter of fact, nothing whatever,
for, it so happens that the above jeremiad
was delivered one day last week by former
Governor Smith, of New York, and the
subject of his lamentations was the harbor of
Mnnhattnn. America's gntaway.
Who wns It who declared that "in the ad
versity of our best friends we often find
something that Is not exactly displeasing"?
He said a morsel.
AN IMMIGRATION MUDDLE
THE detention by the Ellis Island au
thorities of a passenger on one of the
Incoming steamships who .first became a resi
dent of the United States in 1885 nnd has
since lived In this country for long periods,
is an additional illustration of the clumsy
operation of the new Immigration Law.
That act. with its complicated system of
proportional representation of foreigners
traveling to our shores, seems to have been
rninplled without much regard for the prac
tical aspects of the situation.
r In the instance cited It so happens that
he dtnlril Englishman, whose daughter,
1" 'an itin American-born, was permitted en-
traV
h
siBf
Class
.-
at
cttfttoctte, however, lg by bo meant the f
poiat Involved. It Is wholly probable that
this foreigner, with American offspring, will
eventually be allowed to land.
Infringement of the onerous national ratio
rules usually ends la their Infraction. Ex
emptions hare In numerous cases beea
granted to steamship companies after the
difficulties of the case oould be met in no
other way.
Deportations under the old law 'were dis
tressing enough. Their increase 'today works
further hardships. Plainly, the immigration
problem Is not one that can be solved by a
law that will not work.
MR. HUGHES REAFFIRMS
JOHN HAY'S DOCTRINE
The Open Door Must Be Maintained and
China's Right to Have a Voice In
Far Eastern Discussions Must
Bo Respected
SECRETARY UUGHES has returned un
equivocally to the position of Secretary
Hay in defense of the open door In China,
The occasion which has called forth the
statement of the position of the Administra
tion arises out of a protest made by the
Drltlsb, Japanese and Danish Governments
over a concession to the Federal Telegraph
Company, an American corporation, to erect
wireless stations in certain parts of China.
The Government of China asked Secretary
Hughes on June 0 whether the American
Government intended to withdraw its sup
port of the telegraph company.
Secretary Hughes replies directly that the
American Government has no Intention of
withdrawing. He Intimates that the pro
tests against the telegraph company's con
cession "are founded on assertions of mo
nopolistic or preferential rights in the field
of Chinese governmental enterprise, which
cannot be reconciled either with the treaty
rights of American citizens In China or with
the principle of the open door."
As to the open door, Secretary Hughes
says that this Government whole-heartedly
supports that principle, "which it has tra
ditionally regarded as fundamental both to
the interests of China itself nnd to the com
mon interests of all Powers in China and
Indispensable to the freo development of their
commerce in the Pacific."
Nothing could be clearer than this. When
tho Powers were getting ready to partition
China just before the Boxer uprising, Secre
tary Hay intervened with bis series of open
door notes summoning these Powers to re
affirm their profession of a desire to respect
the rights of other Powers in their spheres
of Influence and to respect the territorial
integrity of China. The American Secretary
of State put them in such a position that
they could not very well refuse to go on
record ns fnvorlng the open door. This was
in 1809. The American position was re
affirmed in 1008 in the Root-Takahlra
declaration, when Ellhu Root was Secretary
of State and Baron Takahlra was Japanese
Ambassador in Washington. It was thought
desirable to put Japan once more on record,
ns the Japanese were looking with greedy
eyes toward the undeveloped resources of
China.
Secretary Lansing wobbled on the open
door policy when he wrote to Viscount
Ishit, the Japanese Ambassador In 1017,
that "territorial propinquity creates special
relation- between countries, and conse
quently the Government of the United States
recognizes that Japan has special Interests
in China, particularly In the part to which
her possessions are contiguous."
Japan and China assumed that this meant
that the United States admitted that Japan
had special economic rights In China. The
Chinese Government even went so far as to
issue a formal statement setting forth its
adherence to the principle of equal rights to
all nations and to atbcrt that "hereafter
the Chinese Government will still adhere
to the principle hitherto adopted, nnd hereby
it is again declared that the Chinese Gov
ernment will not allow herself to be bound
by any agreement entered into by other
nations."
The definite and positive rcnssertlon of
the American adherence to the open-door
policy is notice not only to Japan, but to
every other Power, that it cannot disregard
that policy without reckoning with this
country. We stand back of China with our
moral support. We occupy the traditional
position of friendship for this great Oriental
people, n position which has earned for us
its grntltude and respect.
We have never sought sphms of influ
ence. We have never sought to exploit the
Chinese. We have desired tn co-operate
with them In the development of their great
resources. And we have demanded that our
engineers nnd our capitalists should be al
lowed the same freedom that Is allowed to
the capitalists and enjlnecrs of other coun
tries, and that this freedom be respected by
other nations safeguarded by the Chinese
themselves, whoso right to govern their own
country is undisputed.
The Implications of the note of Secretary
Hughes go beyond the rights of the Federal
Telegraph Company. They touch upon the
Japanese ambitions in Shantung ns the
successors of Germany. The Chinese rep
resentatives declined to sign the Versailles
Treaty because of the Shantunc section.
There was never anv chance for the ratifi
cation of that section of the treaty bv the
Americnn Senate, because It was contrar)
to the open-door policy.
China was never in greater nned of a
powerful friend than she is today. Her
people are divided nmong themselves, be
cause they have not solved all the problems
growing out of the revolution which over
threw the monarchy. The exploiting vul
tures are ready to i-eize upon her In the
hour of her weaknesH. and they can he pre
vented only by the Insistence of thoic who
believe In the ultimate ability of ihe Chinese
to adjust themselves to the new political
conditions and have confidence in their
capacity for adapting their mode of life
to the changing economic conditions which
will come when they have begun on n large
scale to develop their latent resources.
The right of China tn a voice in the
settlement of her own nffalrs Is recognized
by Secretary Hughes when he includes her
in the invitation to a conference on dis
armament and the Pacific and Far Eastern
problems.
PUBLICTTY AND THE FAIR
NO MOKE fitting suggestion hag been
made since the preparations for the
sesqul-centennlal celebration of the Decla
ration of Independence were begun than
that of the Associated Advertising Clubs of
the World.
One of the permanent buildings, in the
opinion of the leaders of this organization,
should be dedicated to advertising, printing
and publishing.
This suggestion is fitting because if the
fair is succeinful It will be because of the
manner in which It is advertised. Without
"publicity," as it Is sometimes called, it
will amount to very little. The people, not
oniy of the United States, but of Europe
and Asia, must know what Is planned and
why it Is planned If they are to be at
tracted to It.
There was never a time when the sig
nificance of the Declaration of Independence
was more widely Interesting than it Is now.
It wbs an assertion of the fundamental rights
of the democracy. ITie ability of democ
racies in other parts of the world to exercise
those rights Is now being tested. The
monarchy has disappeared from Germany,
from Austria-Hungary and from Russia as
it disappeared from the United States in
1776. The ptopla of those countries must
A t
EOTNDfG -PUBLIC LEDGEB-PHIIjADELPHEA:,'
have an acute interest in American instl- 1
tutlons at this time. Their leaders can, bo
induced to visit Philadelphia in 1020 If tho
advantages to accrue from It are properly
set before them. And thus tho fair can be
made more truly international In lta scope
and Its Influence than any that has ever
been held before in any city or In any
country,
"Thus, when we have a great fair attended
by hundreds of thousands of visitors, it can
be pointed out that its success is tho result
of Intelligent publicity, and the building de
voted to the advertising business would at
tract the attention ot every one who is
interested in learning how this sort of thing
is done.
A TRUCE IN IRELAND
AN "END of violence and disorder and dis
sension in Ireland is necessary not only
for the peace of Britain but for the peace of
a large part of the outside world. The Irish
question cannot be buried or thrust aside or
forgotten.
Succeeding Governments and succeeding
Premiers have tried these methods consist
ently for generations. The stubborn old
politicians of a vanishing school have aaid
that there was nothing to grant, nothing to
arbitrate, in the neighboring Island. Others
have tried kindness nnd generosity while re
fusing to recognize the baste principle
around which the trouble raged. Meanwhile,
the Irish question persisted and grew. It
has widened and found a way into the poli
tics of far dominions. It has become an
issue in .Australia and in Canada. It cer
tainly has become someUjIng of a polltlfal
issue in the United States, where it has
come to be the chief obstacle in the way of
those who percelvo the need for continuing
closo and friendly relationship and co
operation between the people, of the United
States and the people of Britain. And there
Is on each side bo much passionate convic
tion, so much good logic and so much sin
cerity that no man can decently formulate
n final opinion without first having a pro
found knowledge of Irish history and a
sympathetic understanding of Irish nffalrs
and the Irish temperament.
The problem confronting I,loyd George
nnd the leaders of North and South Ireland
is an inheritance from the fnr times when
statesmen everywhere were less sensitive to
popular feeling than they arc now. It has
become complicated by faulty handling, by
Intense religious feeling and by conflicting
natural factors which sharply divide the
people of the North from the people of the
South.
Ulster is Industrial and practical minded,
and it claims to own and create almost two
thirds of the wealth of the country. It In
cludes approximately one-third of the popu
lation. The other two-thirds of the Irish
people are more race-conscious than their
Northern countrymen nnd more Influenced by
race tradition. Ulstermcu are fond of
saying that they don't want to be
governed by dreamers "who would rather
sing or play or write poetry than do a good
day's work in a mill." Yet the unbiased
travelers who know the Ireland of today
ordinarily are moved by admiration for
Ulster nnd by something like love for the
more wistful and imaginative South.
The unhapplest factor in the present com
plication is the deep and seemingly in
eradicable line of religious difference that
divides the people. Yet it ought always to
be remembered that there arc numerous
Home-Rulers and Republicans in Ulster
just as there arc Influential groups ot Union
ists in the South.
It has been a long time since any really
representative Englishman desired to with
hold Home Rule from Ireland. But in Eng
land, even among those who accept unques
tionlngly the principle of self-determination,
the Instinctive reaction to the suggestion of
an Independent Irish Republic has been much
like that which in this country would follow
the expressed desire of oue of the coast
Stntes sny New Jersey to secede from the
Union.
"Suppose," sny the British, "that some
future Government In Ireland should ally
Itself with enemies of England 7"
To this very natural question the Irish
reply that unity of sentiment In all the
British Isles would come more quickly with
Irish freedom than without it. At least
this is the argumont of the Sinn Fein
leaders. Majority opinion, however, favors
a modern sort of Dominion Government nnd
n separate Fnrllamcnt. To that principle
Ulster virtunlly agreed, though It demanded
nnd received a Parliament of Its own which
is intended to work hnrmonlou.ily with a
Parliament of the South. How to adjust two
Parliaments nnd see to It that the interests
and susceptibilities of both sides are unhurt
is the problem of the hour in Britain.
Meanwhile, the British Empire is chang
ing. Its Government Is not now nnd prob
ablv never again will be wholly centralized
in Downing Street. Political thinking in
England Is bclnj profoundly Influenced by
the feeling in Canada, in Amtrnlla and In
Africa, just as political thinking In Wash
ington is responsive to I he feeling of tin
various States. The British Empire Is as
suming a form suggestive of a United States
of the World, and the Dominion Premiers
who have been conferring in London appear
to have worked determinedly to make of
Ireland a contented nnd progressive unit in
the empire. Since the conference of Pre
miers opened there has been n noticeable
improvement In the admlnlstrntlve methods
of the Lloyd George Government In the In
surgent areas.
Massachusetts' Commissioner of Agri
culture urges that no more poppies be
brought from Flanders' fields, ns thorc Is
crent danger of their doing damage to
Americnn crops. Eastern New Jersey al
rendv has fields of them ns n result of bal
last dumped from trans-Atlantic steamers.
Sentiment approved their growth, bentlment
largely born of a famous poem. It would
be strange If that sentiment should prove
responsible for nu invader ns deadly ns the
Jnpanesc beetle.
In Rochester. N. Y.. the feathers of a
crow caught fire from nn electric wire, and
when the bird flew into a liny field It started
a blaze that cost thousands of dollars. Then
n chemical engine arrived nnd prevented
further damage. We believe the story 1m
plicitlv. We have grapevine information to
the effect that the crow dragged herself to
a fire-alarm box. turned in the alarm and
would have promptly fninted but for. tho
smell of her burned feathers. '
The patch, the Woman's Pnge informs
us is reappenrinp for evening use. It Is
worn, we are told, to draw attention to
some good feature a sparkling eye, a pretty
curved lip or a dimpled cheek. Daring ones
may prhaps wear it to draw attention to
dimpled knees. But women do not monopo
llr.e the patch. In hod-carrying circles it
still occupies Its accustomed seat.
Tho presumption Is that Senators in
their haste to take up the Bonus Bill forgot
to read the Sweet Reorganization Bill ; for
nobody doubts that we owe a more pressing
debt to the sick soldier thnn to the well
soldier.
The New York Times hpeaks of a "sea
son no longer silly" because the newspapers
no more feature the sea serpent. Case of
unjustifiable optimism. The sea serpent hns
been chnsed from the shore resorts by oue
plcce bathing suits nnd dimpled knees.
With a tariff based on the selling price
of nn article In the place of consumption
and the selling price largely bused on the
amount of the tariff, an assessor ought to
have almost ns mnrJi fun as the average
citixea with an Income-tax blank.
W
AS ONE WOMAN SEES IT
Other Folks' Problems Sometimes
Keep One Questing Efficiency Ex
pert' Diagnosis and Prescrip
tion a Case In Point
By SARAH D. LOWUIK
AT A dinner party a friend of mine was
once giving, the wait between the salad
course anil the dessert was unconscionable,
and seeing her butler's usually Impassive
face greatly perturbed, the hostess asked
him, sotto voce, what wns the matter.' He
laid a telegram addressed to himself on her
plate as he put down tho dessert dishes and
stood at attention while she read it. ,
It ran ns follows:
"Father hns fits answer."
. The messenger boy wns. kicking his heels
In the front vestibule and the ico cream was
melting in tho pantry while the distracted
butler tried to tliink what to answer. And
Indeed, after he hnri Burred hn roffpo nnil
departed to solve the problem undlstracted,
tho lady put it to her guests. Thero were
as many answers ns there were guests,
without any one feeling confident that the
right answer had been evolved,
IT IS very hard to live up to what is ex
pected of you in more things thnn tele
grams, especially where a brnnd-ncw di
lemma Is involved. I heard of n quandary
the other day a man was In on being given
his first long vacation, I have so wondered
if the way lie solved It proved to he the
right way for him. nnd yet I suppose that
part of the story will never come my way.
The first half of the story of that holiday
reached me by reason of a pretty experience
a friend ot mine had on a Hudson River
boat. She wns going North on one of the
night boats, and after her husbnud had es
tablished her and feed the steward to look
after her they sat talking on deck until the
final moment of his leaving. She remained
where he had left her ns the cront bont
swung out to midstream, and ns the evening
was mild nnd lovely nnd tho place wns pro
tected from the breeze sho sat comfortnbly
on there during the evening, enjoying the
view and her book and the desultory echoes
of conversation from the few fellow passen
gers who were scattered nbout that particu
lar deck. A quiet, eKger young man she
sized him up as possibly a mechanic or
master of somo technical trade had stood
for n long while not far from her, looking
nt tho view, nnd when, somewhnt shyly,
he nsked if the cmnpstool beside her was
unengaged nnd at her nod took it to where
ho had stood and sat down on it, she made
some kindly, cheerful remark on the beauty
of the evening.
He burst out with a sort of vehement re
lief of hnvlng some one to talk his sensation
over with.
"I am twenty-eight years old," said ho,
"and I never knew there wns anything so
beautiful In' tho world as this!" And he
made a motion of his hand toward the
Pnllsades looming out beyond them. "But
then," he ndded, "I guess living nil my
life at Wilmington, Delaware, wouldn't give
me much of an idea what was in the world.
I've worked ever since I was twelve, and
this is my first holiday I've spent nway
from home, except Lnbor Day nnd Christmas
and the Fourth, going to Atlantic and the
like of that."
GRADUALLY the rest of his story came
out. As to how, in particular, that
holiday he was embarked upon brie" come
about.
He had worked up from his twelve-year-old
position to being foreman of oue depart
ment of the works a very Important de
partment, presumably, since when tho rest
of the business shut down this sprint- owing
to slack work his shift was kept on the
job. But tho general let-up had worked
hnvoc for hlra, in that all the other foremen
made his shop the place to loaf In or, as he
put it, they gathered thero regularly to
make suggestions to him 011 how to run his
job or how they would have run It had it
been their job. And they got on his nerves
to such nn extent thnt when the efficiency
expert employed by the firm settled down to
give advice, too. he "up nnd told him" he
was going to quit. Not quit the works, of
course, but quit that too "picked at" end
of It.
"I'll nsk the office this very day, ns I
stand here," he had announced, "to put me
somewhere where I enn be left alone to do
my work In peace. This hutting In of every
body Is driving me crazy 1"
The efficiency mop nsked him If he In
tended to nctually go thnt day. nnd he swore
that he actually did Intend that very thing.
And, as good ns his word, he went to the
superintendent nt closing time and made his
demand. But the efficiency man had been
there before him. AVlth the result that the
boss wns quite prepnrcd with his nnswer.
"Now, look here." he had sold, "there
is nothing the matter with you or with your
job except thnt you have worked sixteen
years and you've lived In the same place all
your life without a renl let-up. Don't get
out of thnt plnce In the works; It's where
you belong. But take a vacation, and take
It for a month nnd tnke it on the firm.
You go up In the woods somewhere and
relax nnd get smoothed clown. And you'll
enjoy your job when you get hnck. Now
you just do ns I say, drnw your full time
pay and your expenses and light out right
nway!"
WELL, thnt was certainly a grent notion
of the boss' and very squnre, nnd nftcr
talking It over with the wife it was decided
thnt the offer wns too good not to accept.
The only question wns, where to go?
Of course, the wife could look nfter the
children there were three of tbem all rleht
while he wns gone, but It was lonely to think
of starting out holidaying with nowhere lu
particular to go.
It wns at this point he thought of nn
uncle whom he had once Keen when he came
on a visit down nt homo when he hlinBelf
was a child. The uncle lived nt Amherst, up
in New England, and had always claimed
the scenery up thnt way wns fine. He lind
n son, too. nbout the tnmc nge probably
twenty-eight or so so it would he not just
like visiting with nn oldish man. At nil
events, n ticket had been bought clear
through to Springfield, Mnss., nnd this bout
ride wns the m-bt stage ot tuc journey.
"Was tho uncle n farmer near Amherst?"
my friend had Inquired, thinking of the boss'
advice nbout woods nnd quiet.
No, that had not '"nied llkelv. since hlx
letters had n street number, but It wns hard
to fray what business he wns In, the visit to
Dclawnrc having been ncnrly twenty yeurs
ago.
Hnd he written? AVns he expected? wns
my friend's further somewhnt anxious in-
nry- , ,
Yes, he'd written to sny he might he up
soon. There hnd been nothing to hinder
his going nfter writing thnt nnd getting his
ticket. "She'd" packed his suitcase for
him and he'd come oit next iay.
Yes, he had a picture of her. nt least ; she
would never hnve herself kodaked because
she did not "take" well, but there wan n
picture he hnd snnppcd of her standing with
her hnck to the enmera. holding tho baby.
lie produced it with satisfaction nnd ngreed
thnt she hnd n mighty nice figure us well ns
a pretty bnby.
There was a touch of homesickness In his
way of looking nt the little thing. t'- rnised
the wonder If his first vncatlon would he
quite joyous without her.
One cannot help wondering, too, how the
Amherst uncle panned out, nfter nearly
twenty years of paratlon.
The month is almost over. Has Amherst
filled the bill, I wonder? Whatever happens,
his first vision of benuty thnt night on the
Hudson will stnnd him in good stend when
he gets hnck on Ms job.
PERHAPS the experience will lend tn
other tmvels "fnr countries for to sre."
I once nsked n womnn who wns dying slowly
nnd too ill to read If religion wns her chief
consolation she hnd been n very stnnch
Christian nil her well days, both lu thought
nnd practice,
"I do not think very much about religion
Just now," she remnrked cheerfully. "I
find mv trnvels-nre n great source uf pleasure
lu me, however."
WQNDAt;- JULY H,
I " CLEARING - 3?
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-.u ..- V a P'9Bffi3!BBfllBlBMHiBiBBKKitftfcdWVv l
NOW MY IDEA IS THIS
Daily Talks With Thinking Philadelphia on Subjects They
Know Best
DR. E. STANLEY ABBOTT
On Mental Hygiene
MENTAL hygiene is playing u larger pnrt
In the work of the world thnn most
people Imagine, accordlug to Dr. E. Stanley
Abbott, medical director of the Mental
Hygiene Committee of the Public Chaflties
Association of Penusylvnnin. While the
work in still young ns a branch of nn exnet
medical science, much hns alrendv been
accomplished nnd the possibilities nrc prnc
ticully unlimited, he says.
"Tho general work of mental hygiene,"
Dr. Abbott points out. "luya especial em
phasis upon the principles of the prevention
of mental diseases which mny occur Inter In
life and the prevention of meutnl defects lu
children becoming permanent ones. Then,
too, there is the prevention of the conso
quenccs of mental defects.
"By this last I menu thnt there nrc n
good mnny mentnl defectives who mny be so
trained ns to become orderly citizens, with
the result thnt there Is no peed for their
segregation. Such cases, if properly trained,
are not a menace to tho community. Their
training, therefore, prevents them from suf
fering the consequences of their inheritance
of mental defectiveness.
Cannot Prevent Feeblo-mlndcdness
"We cannot prevent fceblc-mlmlodncss,
because the feeble-minded arc born in this
unfortunate condition, and, of courso, after
the birth we have to cope with a given
condition which wo are powerless to change
entirely, but with which much may be done.
What can be done is to put the feeble
minded child lu special classes at the schools
or give him training at an institution for the
feeble-minded.
"Bv this training many can be prevented
from becoming delinquents and thus malting
themselves n scourge upon society nt lnrgc,
filluig our courts nnd jails constantly nnd
living the lives of criminals.
"Roughly, oue-quartor of the InmnteR of
our prisons arc feeble-minded persons, This
Is nn astonishingly large percentage, but
the fncts have been clearly demonstrated.
There is no doubt that quite n large propor
tion of this number could hnvo been saved
from such n enreer hnd they been brought
up In a proper environment nnd received the
right kind of trnluing ns children. Thus,
for the wnnt of the rlht kind of Instruction
11 large number of persons nre needlessly
made n menace to the community.
"Philadelphia, which hns alwnjs hnd n
medical eminence second to thnt of scnrcely
nny city in the world, Is well to the front
In the mnttcr of the study nnd the trentment
of such enscs of mental defectiveness. In
this city there nre now about 175 classes for
children. We need more, but still thnt is
n very good stnrt.
Somu Vifnl Needs
"Some of the grentcst needs in this ques
tion, which is one of vltnl importance to
every community in tho country which has
n due regard for the niniutennnce of its wel
fare ns well ns of Its Inws, arc llr.st of nil
11 lnrger number of school physlclnns nnd
psychological examiners. The nisei which
are constantly brought to light require moro
time nnd moro cureful study thnn the smnll
number of experts employed nre able to
give them.
"Another very Important matter is the
necessity for giving advice to the less fortu
nately situated in life ns to their own mental
condition, nnd n third is tho establishment
of mentnl clinics, A jenr or two ngo the
Pennsylvania Hospital, which has hurt n
mentnl clinic for years, developed it greatly
nnd It Is now one of the best In the country.
"Dr. Fifrbush has nlso established n men
tnl clinic nt Blockley, which will In lime
develop Into n splendid Institution. An
other Is the Fnrmlngtoii Clinic, under I)r
Ltiilliim. This is fiinnccd hv graduates of
rnrmlngton nnd It hns originated some new
fenlures, one of which In the vfsltiip! of the
persons under charge nt their homed.
"The necessity fnr trentment Is detected
In n number of ways. School teachers mny
recognize deficiency In n child or the school
physician may detect It In his rxnniliiiitliiiis
Again, the parents themselves imit realize
it. or It may he observed by n sodiil worker
In n visit to the homo of the child, or It
mny come through one of the social welfare
agencies,
"After the case has been 'located' the
child Is taken to n mental clinic, where tho
trouble ! classified and tlw, enuun in,,..,..i
1 K JjoMiblo. It way be duti to illness or any
ld2J.
other of many reasons, without being neces
surlly fccblc-tnindedncss or congenital de
fectiveness. Adenoids nnd tonsils enrly in
life are frequent causes. But, whatever it
may he, the clinic is usually able to lo
cate it.
"Then the family, the teacher or the social
worker is told what is best to be done,
whether that be spocinl classes Xor the child,
nn institution for the feeble-minded or the
correction of medical conditions. I have
frequently seen cases in which a backward
child, after study in special classes, was
able to return to school and immediately
take the grade where its age required It to bo.
Special Classes Beneficial
"In n general wny, I should say that
about 2 per cent of school children derive
benefit from these special classes. These, it
should ho remembered, are rarely the feeble
minded, but children who for one reason or
another nre bnckwnrd. These special classes
nre small, not more thnn fifteen or nt the
most twenty being in them.
"In these classes a good deal of attention
is paid to each child and a good deal of
attention to munuul things rather thnn to
book work. The teachers find out first of
nil where the trouble begnn in ense of spe
cific deficiency, such ns the study of arith
metic, for example, and then try to correct
It. Ihe idea is to trace the trouble to its
source and then to correct the source.
"But many odults as well as children come
to these mental clinics, and there arc many
persons who are nfflicted with tho beginnings
of insanity. In fact, the ndults considerably
outnumber the children, roughly in the pro
portion of three ndults to one child. In
nearly every ense of this kind wo are able
to give aid. Mental deficiency In ndults.
moio commonly the milder of the mental
troubles generally is not recognized ns such
by the family or even by the patient him
self. "In Pennsylvania today there are not as
many State mentnl hospitals as there should
be, nnd they im. Pflrlv nn ba( 0
crowded. The system of caring for these
cases In Pennsylvania Is different from that
In most other States. Hero there is mixed
btnte and county care, nnd the State en
courages tho counties to build nnd maintain
county hospltuls.
'U5".1 th;,'wLnt' ll0fcPltnl Is never so good
ns thnt of the State, although some of tlicm
nre fairly K( Tho r f
Ihe 'overhead' charges and the cost of
maintenance are the same for both State nnd
county Ht the cost of mnl uta u ng. a
hospital looms much larger In a county
budget than In a State budget, consequent y
tho County Commissioners with an eye
economy try to keep the costs down. They
mny do so but it must never be forgotten
tllS putlenl: nlwnW ,,0" nt thc "P'Ke 0"
What Is Needed
"There nre not enough nurses nnd tho
I hyslelnns arc not pnld well enough for he
difficult nnd laborious work which they have
to do. Imt h needed In this State i" a
complete change from combined State and
county care to complete Stnte care? This Is
one of the most important and difficult 0f
the men al hygiene problems in Pen. svl
vnnln today, and just how It will be worked
out Is impossible to sny now. d
"Thus the patients in mentnl troubles who
lve In n county where there is n cm. , y
hospltn are really penalized, hecm.se ley
are oh Iced to go to their county I osp a
where they do not get the enre given to other
persons who. living in n romv w, !, ,n"
no hospltnl may , to the Sthtc lospi T
1 am not h amine the counties for this he.
cnuse the Commissioners must keep do vn
the r expenses, hut (he system which make"
such things possible Is wrong and should
be corrected ns soon us posshle
"The Inws of Pennsylvania relating to the
Insnne nml mentally deficient nre now Tr
revls on by commission of which Dr
brazier, the president of our nssnclnt on is
,. incmhor. There has been no revision since
1RS.1 Many of the old laws were excel "nt
nnd these hnve been retained, while P
others hnve been brought up to dn e Y
hope for much I,, this direction t the next
session of the Legislature.
"Finally 1 our work In mentnl hygiene
we nrc triii for three qn.lt things. '$,
special classes f)r the children: sec .d tl e
.s nhlls hmcut of more metal dlnlci. n,,d
third, better enre for the patients nnd
ImiiKo from Ihe ostein of combined Slate
and county euro to complete State care '
SHORT CUTS
We could all bo huppy just now with 1
stiff nor'castcr.
Every time Dr, Congress ices a phar
macy he scents a bootlegger.
It must bo said for Sir .Tames Craig that
he looks as alert as a police captain.
It is fair to presume that Director
Furbush didn't know of thc Green Lint
avenue dump.
Why not hnvo nog Island ns s frn
port ns. well as a terminal, shipbuilding
plant and hnrbor?
We know now that tho Mayor hn bwn
accumulating a rich vocabulary for use on
tho golf links.
As we understand it, Prof. Einstein,
beinc true to his own theory of relativity,
didn't get things entirely straight.
We'd feel real hopeful if this toast
could be celebrated tomorrow: May Hie
Dove ot Peace make her nest in shamrocki!
If thc Allies did not expect the triaLs
of German war crlmlnnls to be farces, wbj
did they permit them to be staged at
Leipzig?
The State, we learn from Harrisburr,
will buy 82,000 nnimnls for preserves. ,
Thirty-two thousand seems a regular jam,
doesn't it?
Einstein says women domlnnte thc en
tire life of Amoricn. Well, we notice that
it Is tho women of America thnt are loudest
in denouncing him,
"I don't know whether Pcnns.vlvnl
girls or New Jersey girls are the prettier,
remnrked Aroos Keeter, "but I do know
that they are all red-blooded Americans.
That San Francisco rondhouse prjnrl
tor who included bootleg profits trutlifallf
scheduled In his Income tax list has a con
science worthy of John Barleycorn, righteous
but somewhat befuddled.
A Marblchead, Mass., diver recently re
trieved from the ocean a bottle of Martini
cocktails. Davy Jones must have sw'PP
tho Spanish doubloons he hnd In hl loc
for the stuff outlawed bv thc VolsUsd law
What Do You Know?
QUIZ
1. What dependencies of Great Hrltaln at
offlclnlly termed Dominions?
2. Where In tho highest municipal buliams
in America?
3. How old Is John D. Itockcfeller?
4. What Is the literal meaning of the worn
amphibious! .,,
n. What Is meant by the Synoptic gosP"'1
6. What Is an apocnlypse?
7. What heavenly constellntlnn cor tains wt
stnrs which form tho nipper?
. want is yucca; ,, ,
9. Between whnt years did Queen Victoria ,1
regn;
10. What Is a yawl? j
Answers to Saturday's Quli ,
1. Th Kpnnlsh main Is thu North Coast 1
South Amerlcn. A , , m,u !
2. A dibble Is a pointed Instrument , to ro I
holes in the grounu, "
plants or seeds. , , . .mJ
3. nichard Washburn Child has been nam.
United Htnteii Minister to Italy.. til,
4. Platinum Is found In South America, 1
Urnl Mountains, Borneo, Santo "
mlngo nnd New Zealand and in i ,
quantities In the gold washings 0' w
rncllli Slope. horlsofl
5. Tho nzlmuth Is nn nro of the 1 nor'
measured clockwise between i " Seal
point of the horizon and the "u0h.
circle through the center of an
6. Justices of the United States Supr"
Court are appointed for life. hoUU
The nccent on tho word bacillus nu
run on tne aecona Byim,"1,- .. . .rest
Polvnesla Is tho nams applied to f .,
division of tho Paclflo Ocean j hl
extending from America to fj'i,l hvi
North and as far n? Australia,
not Including It, In tho Soutn. ' ,
classification Is chiefly ethnplosW fa
the Islands Included nre nil l"'"',
by members of tho To vneslan r.
something akin to the Malay a no
mining. It Is thought an ''S is
fiisnn of white b'ood, M'Mi.'iJ I
th Paclflo Ocenn division '".V.nS lb
smnll Islands left over. . sutt(
Grant wnH President of tho United M
, from lsnn to tS77, ,,, Tor4
A cnplnn Is n writ r( nrrest. "V
Is Latin and means "take thou, j
ft