EVENING PUBLIC LEDaER-PHXLADELPHlA, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 27, 3,91ft MERCIER ANSWERS VON BISSING'S "GRIEVANCES" AND PREDICTS SUCCESS OF BELGIAN ARMS 10 I "My Conscience Does Not Reproach Me," He Tells Governor General Offers Pamphlet to Prove He Hasn't Violated Invaders' -"Laws" "Belgian People Wonderful" ""r" Explanatory Comment rpHE following cxhucts from the "Kctitin from Home" pastoral of March 12, IMG, bun r directly on the corrc " spondenco given below: "One day," narrated the Caidiu.il, "t went to tell the bovcrciftii pontiff that he could necr doubt the inflexible piety of Uie Belgian people and that wo had conceived the dcsiie to give him very .soon n new testimony of it. 'Holy t'athcr,' I said to him, 'on the first Sunday of the month of May we wish to authorize a general communion in honor of your Holiness..' '"As for nie,' replied the Holy Father, 'my honor is Belgium's,!' "Encouraged by that reception, I wrote to the Cardinals of Paris-, of Armagh in belaud, of Italy, and I have confidence that in all the Allied countries there will mount to heaven on the first Sunday in Jlay the same ou rmcharistic prayer. Presented to God by the august chief of of Catholicity, this prayer will hasten the glorious relief of our dear Belgium. The Holy Father accords on that day to the cures throughout the whole country the faculty of giving to their parishiuners the papal benediction, with a plenary indulgence applicable to the .souls of th,c soldiers fallen on the field of honor. "You have heard already, 1 believe, the echoes of the -acclamations which, throughout the entire progress Qf our jouiney, coming and going, in Switzerland and in Italy, saluted the name of Belgium. "Een suppose, my very dear biolhors, that the final issue of the piesent gigantic duel in Europe and Asia Minor were uncertain, a fact won for civilization and for history js the moral triumph of Belgium. In union with your king and your government, you have consented to the immense sacrifice of the fatherland. By lespect for oui tvord of honor, in order to afiirm that in your consciences right transcends everything, you have sacrificed your wealth, your homes, your sons, your swords, and, after eighteen months of constraint, you appear as on the first day, proud of your gcstuie." Cardinal M Sto ercier s ry Including his correspondence Mi'tli the German authorities in Belgium during the ar, 1914 to 1918, edited by Professor Fernand Mavence of Louvam University and translated tv the Bene dictine Monks of lit. Augustine s, RamseaXe, England. fTIHE Cardinal nieiely acknowledged Von Bissing's let--- ter, intending to answer it later in detail. A month afterward he told, the Governor General that he had drawn up a document of justification. Ho offered to Bend it to him, with a request to'communicate the same to the bishops of Germany and Austria-Hungary. Archbishop's House, Malines, April M, 191 G. To His Excellency Baron von Bissing, Governor Gen eral, Brussels. Sir When on the 20tll of last March I acknowl edged your letter of March 15, I told you that jour neys necessitated by my pastoral duties pievcntcd me from replying at once. Siuce then I have prepared an answer. , In this document I deal with each" of the griev ances which your Excellency has drawn up and sud denly and publicly launched, at me and at my pas .toral office. The sending of the joint letter of the Belgian hierarchy to the German episcopate is the first (grievance; it is, however, merely mentioned. According to your second complaint, I am sup "posed to have misused the passport which I obtained 'through your Excellency's kindness for my journey to Rome,. ' J The third grievance, the chief one, is that in my pastoral of March 7 I have indulged in remarks of a purely political character. " In proof of this third complaint, your accusation of March 15 bases itself on three different facts. . "I have tried, jou say, in talking about the 'issue of the war, to raise hopes which were i 1 1 grounded and out of keeping with real facts"; to bolster up these hopes, "I have quoted vague state ments emanating from irresponsible persons"; lastly 3 said that "the decision I hope for might be brought bout by the spreading of epidemic diseases." i- Against each of these accusations I set down the facts as they really are. Then as the allegation talks very often about ""politics." -without defining this abstract word, I have thought that to clear the air of equivocations or to forestall them, it would be necessary to define the dispositions of canon law and constitutional law "about the liberty of preaching. Lastly, your Excellency has shown that you espe cially took to heart an allusion which I made about in encroachment on the religious liberty of the -people dwelling in occupied territory. I have made ' it my duty to declare that I am ready to lay bare !ih detail my grievances under this head. Only I ask 55s a proviso that guarantees of immunity from pun ishment be granted me for the persons whose names ind testimony I may have to quote. i My reply to the address on each of these points Is therefore drawn up. It is at your Excellency's .disposal. I am sincerely desirous of sending it to . ,you. But I cannot make up my mind to send it to you spontaneously. In fact, I ask myself what use ful purpose would be served were I to do so. Would it be to convince your Excellency? I Why, you have wanted me that all my explana tions would be shehed; you have made up your mind that al, discussion should be useless. Would it be to enlighten the Belgian people? . In the ti Bt place I could not do so without cx- "posing my Tment. nter to the risk of a years imprison- Moreovt II have confidence in my countrymen, ;Just as they' ve confidence in their archbishop and "bishops. Your Excellency thinks the Belgians credulous; how mistaken you are! Our little Belgian people" is -wonderful for its coolness and common-sense. Accustomed to think for themselves, they place no reliance on opinions which people try to impose Jem them without discussion. For twenty months they Jhave not been spared either alarming news, grief of "separations, anxiety for the morrow, or intimidating procedures; yet is not your Excellency struck by the unshakable confidence which they hold in the future? Would it bo to justify myself that I ought to ,r,end my answer to your Excellency? But my conscience does not reproach me for any thing in which I have gone beyond the boundary -marked out for me by my episcopal prerogative. "Moreover, in the carrying out of my pastoral office, I depend on the jurisdiction of the Holy See, and my 'last pastoral tells clearly enough what reception "the sovereign pontiff was pleased to grant me. i Nevertheless, T Ehould like, sir, to be able to send you my pamphlet, because there is a fraction of -the public to whose esteem and affection I am at tached and with which you alone cun put me' in touch; I "mean my brethren, the faithful, the clergy ,and the ;Catholie"bishops of Germany and Austria-Hungary. If one may judge by the language of the press, Catholic and non-Catholic, of theso two countries our "brethren must know and judge very ill of us. They know not what wc arc. In every case, where we. havo ;been put on our trial since the war began, they havo oly heard witnesses for the prosecution. You hav polished broadcast umonc them your own accusa- lions. They know nothing of the point of my offense, my pastoral. Could I only hope that as a loyal soldier and just indue you would consent to put before them my pastoral, jour allegation and my justifying re joinder, with what joy would 1 not send you, by return nl' noil, tiiis Jast document dealing with my case? Not only would 1 congratulate in.self on know ing my honor Mas safcguaided, bill I would above all sec. in this communication to my brethren, whom I belice lo be in good faith, jet in error, a means of paving Hie way for the time when peace is pro claimed, for preparing a reconciliation, in Calholie charity, of pouls which suffer in feeling that they jrc so violently estranged from one another. Accept, dear Goernor General, the expression of my sincere esteem. (Signed) I). .1. CARDINAL MERCIER, Archbishop of Malines. "Let Bygones Be Bygones" The Governor General von Bissing met the Car dinal's desire with a curt refusal. (roreritmciit General of Belgium, Brussels, l .1. . No. 106.1. April SO, 10 in. To Ilia Eminence Cardinal Merrier, Archbishop of Malines. ' In 'jonr esteemed letter of the :i0th inat., your Eminence asks whether I am inclined to accept and hand over lo the German bishops a detailed docu ment to justify your behavior. The reasons which, after ripe consideration, have determined me to say In my letter of March 15th thai I could not allow new discussions about this matter, still hold good. I regret that I cannot accede to your Eminence's wish. I am all the more inclined lo hold fast lo my opin ion because from the hints which your Eminence gives about the contents of your document of justi fication I believe thai further discussion would be IISctcSF The public and particularly the German bishop? have been able to form their own judgment frnu the writings which have reached them. The last pastoral of your Eminence was published in crleuso in the res3. If discussion on this matter were reopened, only trouble could come from II, most especially among the Belgian people. It is precisely because I recognize that the great majority of the Belgian people behave correctly that I wish lo avoid every thing which might provoke a fresh agitation. Basjng my judgment on the same grounds, I venture to think the best justification for your Eminence is to lei bygones be bygones and to take account of circum stances and needs arising from our occupation of the country. I offer to your Eminence the expression of vy sincere esteem. The Governor General. (Signed) BARON VON BISSING, . Lieutenant General. The Unaccepted Defense The following is the justification which .Von Bissing refused lo accept: Archbishop's House, Malines, April 24, 1910. To His Excellency Baron von Bissing, Governor Gen eral, Brussels. Sir A full month has elapsed since your Ex cellency thought fit to appeal to public opinion to bear witness that your behavior toward the Belgian people and myself has been beyond reproach, whereas mine lias been blameworthy and seditious. The procedure is assuredly a strange one. Never theless, I would not complain of it, if it had pleased your Excellency to join to your accusation the text of the pastoral which you indicted. But, on the contrary, I have been accused and judged without a hearing. I have been condemned by a verdict which, it is declared, is irrevocable, I have been made a defenseless butt for the com ments of hate, the slanders and the ribaldry of the German press. Your government has forced the Bel gian press to publish your accusations. It has allowed the free circulatipn of cartoons which insulted me and had I, in self-defense, published two lines of pro test, my printer would have paid the service ren dered me with one year's imprisonment. In the letter which I had tho honor to write to your Excellency under date March 20, I gave hopes of an early answer, which I intended to make to your letter No. 260G, dated March 15. But I pre ferred to put off my reply for two reasons. In the first place, time soothes one's mind and allows one to reflect. Secondly, it is well that your Excellency should have a fresh proof that you were mistaken when you believe the Belgians to be excitable and always threat ening to t' dturb public order. Belgian patriotism is unconquerable and proud, but it is, and remains, dig nified; it does not yield, but it retains its self-possession. "Belgian People, You Cannot Die" Already for twenty months, notwithstanding the dark memories which float about our atmospheie, in spite of annoyances, regulations without stint, requi sitions and searches, condemnations to line, impris onment, deportation, death, which .fall thick upon us like hail itself, this fair little people of Belgium keeps within bounds. It neither bows ita head nor does Nnte One of these cartoons depicted the Cardinal under the shape ol a parrot on its porch. Von Itissini funding up on his side with uplifted flucer wan telling Uiia to hold iib tonguju it cast down its eyes before any one, and it lias no,t committed a Mingle revolutionary act. Its only crime is that it will not die. The only crime ascribablc to us public administration, magis trates, clergy, hierarchy is that wc persist in think ing and saying: "Belgian people In the indissoluble union of jour two races Walloon and Flemish jou shall noddle, you cannot die." I have carefully read your accusation of March 15. 1 think I can sum up in a few words the charges against me which it contains. Your Excellency says you were deceived at the lime of my coming back from Home. You expected from me, jou say, an attitude full of moderation. Incidentally, the letter of March 15 mentions the collective letter of the Belgian hierarchy to the Ger man bishops. Then.it finds fault with me for my having mis used the passpoi t which allowed me to carry out my journey to Rome. Lablly and above all, you find fault with me for having indulged in my last pastoral in "remarks of a purely political nature." "Your Excellency expected then from me, as you say, "an attitude of moderation" at the time of my retuin to Belgium. You wish, no doubt, to give me thus to under stand that on your side you intended to act toward me with peculiar kindness. To tell the truth, I have not neon nwaic of it. When on Tuesday, February 29, at 0 a. m, I was entering Brussels I wont at once to St. Louis's Insti tute. I there said mass and peacefully spent some hours of the morning. Meanwhile five spies kept watch on the institute, and when I proceeded to return to my cathedral at Malines at II, two police men in plain clothes, placing themselves at my aide, escorted me lo within a few yards of my nirhi episcopal palace. Indeed, they were so very pressing in their attentions, that they could have overheard a private conversation had I not warned my friend to lower his voice. Aitl your Excellency will not have forgotten that on March 0, a few days after my return and there fore before the publication of mv pastoral, vvhieh was nol read in the churches until Hie 12th of that month, I lie newspapero in the service of the German Gov ernment announced to the country nine fresh con demnations to death, six of which were followed by ins'tant executions at Mont, for acts which were branded as political .crimes. These condemned men were drjuicd lb- consolation of making their last confession and final confidences to n Belgian priest. Your Excellency knew of the collective letter of the Belgian episcopate to the bishops of Germany al the nion.cnt when you were kind enough lo grant me a passport for Rome. Besides I have still to learn that a brotherly exchange of letters between mem bers of the Catholic episcopacy falls undo. the pro visions of the penal code, or i1" forbidden by interna tional law. On the other band, it harmonizes entirely with the spirit and traditions of the Church. Mcrcier's Patriotic Restraint 1 am well aware that tdjvard tne end of my stay in Rome the German press exerted itself to bring about the withdrawal of my passport and tried to (urn to my disadvantage the collective letter of the Belgian episcopate to the bishops of Germany and my interview with M. Briand. But the collective letter which had pot hindered my departure from Belgium could not consistently hinder my return. As to my interview with M. Uriand, no one had any inkling of what took place at it, and could not therefore be justified in claiming thai it served political ends. The truth is that during the whole of my journey 1 practiced a reserve to an extent such as many thought excessive. I remember hearing a diplomat exclaim, "Can it be then that this poor Cardinal Mer rier even during his stay here in Italy is still a pris oner of the Germans?" I granted no interview, deliv ered no speech, did not depart a single mile from my itinerary. I was too anxious to furnish no pretext for a fresli incident sucli as might be put forward as a plea to bar my return. I foresaw the danger and was forearmed. Tho German press, nevertheless, has discovered, so it seems, a political discourse which I am be lieved to have delivered at Florence, "eihe politische Rede in eincr Nonnenseliulc." The fact is that 1 paid a visit to Hie Sisters of Providence at Badia di Ropoli, in the subuibs of Florence; they conduct a board ing school for young girls. When 1 entered the play room the "Brabanconne" was played, one of the girls lead me an address which I answered with a sym pathetic reference to our absent country, but with out uttering a word that could wound any one. Noth ing more. There, as elsewhere,"! preserved the re serve which my dignity and my own interest de manded. The third complaint in your allegation of March 15, the chief one and the one most enlarged upon, is also the most vague and intangible. I am accused of "indulging in purely political criticiyns," of "having given an example of insubordi nation," of "having pursued an unbridled polit ical propaganda," but no care is taken lo define the meaning of tho abstract term "political." The specimens they bring forward of such pro paganda enable one nevertheless to conjecture the sense of the accusation. It seems that I have 'acted politically when "in contemplating the result of the war I havo sought to raise unfounded hopes contrary to the stem reality of facts"; when in order to find ground for these hopes "I have quoted inaccurate statements emanating from incompetent persons"; finally when I said that "the decision 1 looked for might be brought about by the spread of epidemic diseases." But what evil is there, pray, in encouraging a suf fering people? Should I better second the policy of tho occupying power if I drove the Belgians into a state of discouragement and despair? His Conviction of Victory Deep in my breast I confidently look for the success of our cause. This confidence is based on mo tives of the natural order, which in my pastoral I refrained from developing precisely to avoid the sem blance of meddling with the calculations of politicians or the plans of headquarters. It is based besides on supernatural motives of which my conscience is the sole judge. I cherish this confidence. It sustains my courage and because I lore my faithful flock I desire to impart it to them. Once again where is the evil ? I do not claim to hinder you from indulging opposite hopes, and when I read the pastorals and discourses of German and Austrian cardinals and bishops it never occurred -to me to imputo as a crime to them their exhortations to patience and hope addressed to their flocks and your soldiers. Why is it that what is religion beyond the Rhine is on this side political meddling? But, say they, you deceive your hearers; "you quote the inaccurate statements of Incompetent per sons." Incompetent? Is this quito certain? Suppose I had quoted diplomats, statesmen, military authori ties? Why then, indeed, I should bo justly accused of speaking politics. - Besides if the words quoted it inaccurate, why are you so disturbed? If I had quoted tho evidence in detail, had brought forward the names of persons who had been mixed up with tho events alluded to, I could understand your fears of an agitation. But what reason is thero to fear consequences from nn anonymous report, which for that reason is considered worthless ? According to tho German newspapers my crime is especially this, that T called down on our enemies tho chastisement of an epidemic. I said simply in general terms that human means arc not enough to secure success, for man, however resourceful ho mny bo or however great his efforts, remains dependent on divine omnipotence. Man proposes, I said, quoting a proverb known lo every one and which in every-day ' languages embodies a thought! inscribed on every page of Holy Writ man proposes and God disposes. No nation, whether friendly or unfriendly, was expressly aimed at in my pastoral, but the first on whom the logical context points the application of this scriptural saying and of tho homely Christian proverb derived from it isi the nation to which my .words were directly addressed, the Belgian nation; her army and together with her the armies of the Allies. Just before the phrase to which exception is taken I had written, "For us tho future is not doubt ful, but wc must prepare for it and lo prepare for it wc must foster within ourselves the virtue of patience and the spirit of sacrifice." And immediately after thc offending phrase I said, "Purify your consciences; let purity, modesty, Christian simplicity, reign in your homes; prepare yourselves by contrition, etc." Between these two ideas they wisli lo insci I a desire ot vengeance, a prayer that a miraculous , epidemic should tall on the enemy's army. Thus the logical connection of thought is broken, and lo break it it was needful to do violence lo the context and to truth. "1 must point out as particularly intolerable." your Excellency declares, "tho ailusion you make in your pastoral to an infringement of the religious liberty of the population in the occupied territory. Vour Eminence knows better than any one how unjust this insinuation is." I am quite willing to furnish the proof of my y assertion; but with this stipulation, that I am given an understanding that no harsh proceedings shall be taken against the persons whose testimony I have to produce. Meanwhile 1 notice in the allegations of March 15 an undoubted trespass on the liberty of my min istry. Your Excellency there reminds me that you have i emitted to my tribunal for punishment, accord ing to canonical discipline, certain ecclesiastics whose preaching had given umbrageto the occupying power. You add that for the future you will not act with like forbearance; the reason assigned for your change of attiludo is the example of my own insubordina tion. Your Excellency concludes thai you have a duly lo hold mo morally responsible for the acts of the rlergy and for tho severe chastisements which they draw down on themselves; and you claim for so doing "the legitimate authority recognized in you by the law of nations." Answerable lo Pope, Not Bissing Now if there is one matter which canon law and the law of nations withdraw from the purview of tho civil power, it is the exercise of preaching. One of the most inviolable features of religious liberty is I he prerogative of the apostolic word. In the Church of Jesus Christ the right of preaching is bo sacred that it belongs de jure only to the Pope and the bishops. Priests speak only in the name of their bishop and under his control. You arc quite right in holding me responsible for the preaching of my clergy, but my responsibility is not to the civil power, but to the Church and the sovereign pontiff. Religious authority belongs of right divine ex clusively lo the Pope and to the bishops in union with him. The Church has at all times resisted the claim of the civil power that all her acts of juris diction should bo submitted to its approval. It is evident then that, if even the lawfully es tablished authority of a stale had tho right to sub ordinate to its good pleasure tho promulgation of papal or episcopal acts, the supremo prerogative of church government would belong not to the Church, but to tho secular power. Every legislator is the. born interpreter of his own laws. Your Excellency is quite willing, so you say, to authorize mo to transmit to the faithful communica tions which the Holy Father would desire to make known to them through mo. That is something, sir, but it is not enough. The bishop is not only tho WE BUY GOLD & SILVER Alia Diamondi and Jewelrr of All Kindt Highest Prices Paid WANTED Buyer of Gowns and Dresses by an exclusive Phila. shop.- VERY GOOD OPPORTUNITY All answers strictly confidential C 314, Ledger Office Penn Smelting "The Old Cold Shop" 906 Filbert St., Phila., Pc. j rri" ' - & tfAVll!C5H!E wt 4-UL.g fAUCETS .r .inn m. 1012. No Dlaili or drip. M Ink rompleta without tbun. PoiIMt; hnt-ff QTe water. Ah your plumb for Svlll' Swan-neck faueets. THOS. SAVILL'S SONS 1810 IVALLACK STBKET FOR FORD CARS WUAU-VHOOF "SCANDINAVIA" BRAKE LINING The accepted lining for Ford cars for many years. Industrial Requirements Co DISTBintJTOBS 136 Chestnut St Ml Post Graduate School of Music and the Fine Arts 1509 Locust Street -FACULTY l.n.est llloih C'oiuiHiklliuli, ,etlirtlc Hum J runku Violin rtduifoEie,. Itoslurlti bculero MuMo Arilieolusy.rorra Anilro Aluquurre holtriCBlu, 1'uiiittcritoint Mrnla Montitiil l.lturiclial 'Musli Uralle Verlr Viola, I!nrml)le Address, Heirctury rniVATI! J.KSHONH IN KNdl.lSII ANU Itenclii exiirrlencecl woniun teacher, tfUtf juortu zoo, i-opiar TIIK tIKHEUITIl A. . n .nil, Klrsrhbaurn School ot iJinjuajes A Ilureau ot Transition, loo.. UU Ctwitaut Ut mouthpiece of papal instructions; ho Is himself a teacher by divino right. I have tho right to teach, to instruct, to guide my faithful people. I have that right, inasmuch as by i tho divino'constitution of tho Church I havo that duty. And in carrying out that duty I havo no other responsibility except to my conscience and to my hierarchical chief, our Holy Father tho Pope. Tho law of nations codified in Tho Hague conven tion docs not weaken, but rather strengthens the prerogative which I claim for the episcopate. Under tho rulo of tho Belgian' constitution, tho Church enjoys complcto freedom. Articlo XIV of the constitution proclaims liberty of worship and itn public cxercibc. Articlo XVI declares that tho state has not tho right lo forbid to tho ministors of any form of worship tho publication of their acts. Now The" Hague convention ("Articlo XLI1I1 im- .! ,, ., !, ...: 11 1.1!..l!- ,. 1 jiuoo uii uiu uupjiii jjuwur tuu uuuguwun to re spect the constitution and the laws of tho country occupied. When your Excellency brings before my tribunal priests whom you believe guilty of abuse in the exercise of their religious ministry, it is not merely ah act of simple courtesy that you aro performing, still less voluntary concession of a superior to nn inferior. You arc showing respect for a prerogative acknowledged to belong to the religious authority by canon law and also by the constitutional law of Belgium, which international law forbids you, ns tho occupying powor, to violate. And when the Fcldgcricht of tho province of Antwerp condemned to deportation and imprisonment the noble and courageous Chevalier Charles Dessain, on the charge of having published my last pastoral letter, it violated at once canon law, and, through the violation of the Belgian constitution, interna tional law. As lo these provisions of ecclesiastical law and of the Belgian constitution, one can understand that a foreign military court may not have fully grasped them, but it would not be easy to understand how thfl immediate representative of the imperial power, whoso foresight and sincerity may not bo called in question, should consent lo allow them for a long time to bo feet aside. Pinal Plea for a Fair Hearing liach time that my attention has been called to nn outburst into which " ecclesiastic may havo . been betrayed while preaching, I have at onco held an inquiry and have informed your Excellency ol the result and in no single case has your Excellency persisted in the charge. It docs not then appear ,that you have any reason to depart from your present method of proceduic, In agreement with your Excellency's views I hold myself responsible for the preaching and the attitudcvof my clergy; but it is needful that I should bo informed of blame worthy acts laid to their charge, if any responsibility is lo be elfeclive. I am still anxious to believe that the words "se vcrc chastisement" that slipped from your Excel lency's pen do not convey your fixed and final pur pose. You will have the goodness to leave nothing undone to spare our priesUt, whose self-respect you may havo admired, penalties which they do not de serve. You would not wish to deprive me of their assistance at a moment when more than ever it is necessary. It would be just, sir, that the public which has learned of your complaint against the archbishop of Malines should also be informed of his reply. Taking your stand on considerations which in your mind justified your conduct, you have not hesi tated to inflict on mo what you must regard as n stigma. Your letter ends with this stern conclusion: "You have misused your high functions and the re spect due to your cloth, pursued an unbridled politi cal propaganda, which would entail upon any ordi nary citizen penal responsibilities." It would be difficult for any one to find wordfl of a more infamous character than those you have used in my regard. My conscience protests against (his language and hurls back the stigma. This doc ument contains my justification. Trusting tho chivalrous feelings of him whom I am addressing, -trusting to tho spirit of justice of him who has constituted himself my judge, I "re spectfully beg him to make known my defense to those before whom ho has flaunted his accusations against mo. Receive, I pray, Mr. Governor General, the as surance of my sincere esteem. (Signed) D. J. 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