MMBUllHENlllllM,Wl lNMfl ""f """ EYEISTKGf PUBLIC LEDGffiR PHILADELPHIA. WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 2-f, lOiO V -- "IS THERE A BELGIAN WHO HAS PLAYED A TRICK?" "UNBEARABLE" MERGERS REBUKE TO VON BISSING mik-ri-r- ,ms' "Steadfast, but Self-Respecting in Their Patriotism," Meicier Writes Von Bissing in Defense of Priests' Utterances From Pulpits Explanatory Comment A NEW tensity characterized the relations of Cardinal Mcreier and Von Hissing following the lclurn of the primate from Rome in 101C. Tho third of tho pastoral letters, "For the Feast of All Saints and All Souls' Day," had heen written on Oc tober 15, 1015. Tho Governor General confessed himself pleased with its tone. Ho was, as is evident in the corre spondence, anxious to keep on reasonably good terms with the prelate prior to Mercicr's' departure for the outside world. That the Cavdinal would speak patriotically and frankly of conditions in Belgium was not to be doubted. His reception by all classes in Italy, whero he remained about n month, and in Switzerland, which ho tra erscd en route, was exceedingly fervent. He was clearly recognized as ono of the dominant spiritual forces of the war, a stanch patriot and an untiring champion of tho truth. These experiences unquestionably fortified his soul and strengthened him to comfort his flock vigorously and without reserve. The immediate result of this situation wns a fourth pastoral letter, "On Our Return From Rome," which violently enraged the Governor General. With tho Cardinal now back in Belgium, Von Bissing had now no longer any need to assume a conciliatory pose. Moreover, the course of the war was productive of now accesses of German Insolence. Mcrcicr returned on February 27, 191G, just four days before tho Crown Prince had launched tho ilrst terrific attack on Verdun. On tho 27th came the news of the capture of Fort Douaumont and tho great losses by the French. A wavo of despair swept through tho Allied count ries. To bo sanguine concerning one of the most highly organized and tremendous uttackg in tho history of warfare was not easy. Von Bissing was vastly annoyed that at such a time tho Cardinal should preach hope to his people and onco more insist upon tho inevitable triumph of their cause. , And so a new chapter in the correspondence began. Cardinal Mercier's Story including his correspondence with the German authorities in Belgium during the war, 1914 to 1918, edited by Professor Fernand Mayenco of Louvain University and translated by the Bene dictine Monks of St. Augustine's, Ramsgate, England. Archbishop's House, Mnllnes, December 11, 1015. To His Excellency Baron von Bissing, Governor Gen eral, Brussels. Sir I do not know whether your Excellency thinks your letter No. 10182 still requires an answer from me. As far as I am concerned, I have only ono word to add, by way of conclusion, to my preceding letters. Your Excellency has written mo that I have passed over in silence tho Abbe Cardyn's sermon at Ste. Gudule. If your Excellency will take tho trouble to reread my last letter, you will discover your error. Tho only objection which tho Gorman authorities have, to my knowledge, brought, forward against this sermon is grounded on an equivocation which 1 have laid bare. I have summoned tho priests whoso names were mentioned in your Excellency's letter; I have listened to their versions, and I have let them know what my views were, and consequently what their own views must be about their ministry. I pledge myself, there fore, for tho correctness of their behavior: "Burg schaft fur korrektes Verhaltcn der Geistlichkcit." ( Surely guarantee for the behavior of the clergy.) Your Excellency can rest assured that the clergy s not inciting the people to sedition. One year's experience must have convinced you that not ono of tho ugly prophecies put forward so often by those round you has been realized. Since the time our prov inces have been occupied is there a single Belgian who has played a low trick on a German soldier? Belgian folk are steadfast, but self-respecting in their patriotism, and the Belgian clergy is no stranger to this calm and noble attitude. Accept, dear Governor General, the expression of my sincere esteem. (Signed) D. ,T. CARDINAL MERCIER, Archbishop of Malines. This letter has not been found. Government General of Belgium, Brussels, P. A. I. No. 10637. December 15, 1015. To His, Eminence Cardinal Mcrcicr, Archbishop of Malines. Your Eminence's esteemed letter of December .1 crossed that which I sent you the following day. I have duly received your correspondence of the 11th. I have no intention to enter into detailed discussions of the sermons censured, though, e. g., in the sum ming up of Cardyn's case I cannot altogether sco eye to ye with your Eminence. I insist above all on putting an end to all future abuses of liberty of wor ship. It was a pleasure to me to hear that your Emi nence sent instructions in this sense to certain ecclesiastics and that you pledge your word anew for the behavior of all tho clergy. I rejoice thereat and hppe that in this way priests will for the future con fine themselves within the bounds of their religious mission, without my having to take steps, which, in the interest of the Church, I would rather avoid. At the same time, I deem it my duty to make tome observations on some of tho propositions which have escaped your Eminence. I cannot share your way of thinking when you assert that tho behavior adopted hitherto by the clergy during the occupation is not fraught with any danger. If during the year that has elapsed we have had no trouble to deplore, that does not mean that I must not be very wary about the future. I am answerable for the tranquillity of tho coun try and to uphold it I have at my disposal measures adapted to meet all emergencies. But I count espe cially on preventive measures. I wish to avoid new trials for tho poptdation, which might be caused by the passion or foolicJiness of a few. As matters stand, provocative sermons are having an evil influ enea, for they are awulxning among their hearers consequences outside the churches, especially in times of military and political stress, as was the ease auout the time of last Michaelmas. This opinion, which I have held from the beginning of my entry into office, t shared by a number of witnesses to whom your Smintnco can hardly take exception. TJne excerpts from a Brussels newspaper, the Ymytiemo Sieck, which I incloso witji my letter, show clcurly thai even prudent addresses by preachers can be under stood by the faithful no incitements to effective revolt. Such manifestoes, were they tolerated, would by the very nature of things end by creating little by little a permanent danger. From another point of view, alsu, these sermons, which 1 cannot tolerate, exercise a more inciting in fluence than your Eminence appears to think. The people believe that these terbal cxccssck issuing from the eminence of the pulpit have the sanction of ecclesiastical authority behind them. Thus Catholics who have in m,t offices expressed their disapproval of (he theme of several itrmon liavo said explicitly that they did not expect that, after your Eminence's pastoral letter, there would br any intervention on the part of ecclesiastical authori ties. In the report quoted from the Vingtiemc Siecle the same thought comes to the surface. The pastoral letter of last Christmas appears to embody a pro gram, and to act as an encouragement to the faint hearted. I venture to think that this straightfonvard language has cleared up the situation, and I have a right to hope that the country which I have admin istered since the time of the war and on which I have not ceased to bestow my utmost care will enjoy tran quillity for its ovn greater advantage. Accept, your Eminence, the wishes of my sin- . cere esteem. 1 (Signed) BAKON VON BISSINg Lieutenant General. Bold Words from a Brussels Paper The following extracts of a correspondence from Brussels in the Vingticme Sirclc of December 2, 1915. were inclosed with the preceding letter; How the Belgian people gave expression to their icligious feelings. IMPRESSIVE DEMONSTRATIONS IN THE CHURCHES For tho house of God is the only place where one is still allowed to publicly proclaim tho ardor of one's feelings as a citizen, where the national colors float freely, exposed to every eye, where resound, sustained by the peals of the organ, the hymr.s dear to our pa triotic hearts, where from the pulpit words noble and manly are heard, by which are fed and nourished oui energies. The Belgian clergy, tegular and secular, is equul to its task in these days of public mourning. The ex ample given to them by the head of the episcopate, flu program he has drawn up for them in the famous pas toral letter hare stimulated fhc coal of the most faint hearted. THE PATRIOTIC APOSTOLATE OF PREACHERS .' There are times wher. the pub lic, spellbound and electrified by tho proud words eman ating from the pulpit, feels an irresistible desire to give full vent to the surging emotions by which they arc agitated. They forget the majesty of the place ar.d abandon themselves to tho joy of bioaking forth into raptures of delight. On the evening of All Souls' Day in a Brussels church, where hundreds of spectator, were squatting even on the steps of the altar, tho advertised preacher, who wore the gown of the disciplrs of St. Dominic, gave out to his audience with a bluntness, excusable under tho circumstances, that they must restrain themselves from any demonstration out of place in such a spot. The orator had taken as a theme for his ser mon. "Patriotism." He spoke of tho war, the country, its glories past, present and future, with an enthusiasm and an earnestness calculated to send a thrill through every one. His langunge was qui.ering, clear and in flamed. One felt that he was inspired with an ardent conviction which he was desirous of sharing with others. Hia eloquence set forth in bold relief tho heroic deeds ho called to mind, as well as memories from tho past, put together in.such a way as to make a picture which epitomized these events in a striking manner. More over, his language was so bold that his audience, pant ing for breath, was really intoxicated by hearing him express with a freedom scornful of possible reprisals, ideas and sentiments which harmonized so well with theirs. Such harangues have a salutary effect on the crowd. We are comforted, braced up, electrified. If after that, tho national anthem, "Vers l'Avcnir," rc- sounds Btentoriously through the vaulting, sung with full voices, then immediately patriotism raises its head, our lips quiver It is at times like these that we do realize how dear our country is to us, and what sacrifices we arc prepared to make to save her. Tho Cardinal, looking upon the discussion as closed, left Von Bissing's last letter unanswered; nevertheless in the appeal which ho addressed to him before going to Rome, in favor of political prisoners, he corrected tho erroneous interpretation which the Governor Gen eral had made of certain passages in the article in the Vingtienne Siecle. Noto Tho passages printed in heavy type were roderllned by Von Bissing. CHAPTER XX Guarding of the Telephone Line at Vilvonle A: N ACCIDENT had happened In the district of Vil- vordo to tho telephone wires. What was the cause nobody knew. No matter, tho town was mado responsi ble and by way of punishment tho magnates of Vilvordo were ordered by the German Commandnnt to secure tho guarding of tho lino. Several priests and religious having been summoned to act as sentries, the Cardinal sent Von Bissing a letter of protest: Archbishop's House, Malines, December 18, 1915. To His Excellency Baron von Bissing, Governor Gen eral, Brussels. ' Sir Tho Krcischcf has passed the order to tliG commercial authorities of Vilvordo to have the tele phone lines guarded by the magnates of the com mune. In his proclamation of December 11, 1915, the imperial representative himself says explicitly: It is doubtful whether the line broke down. Tho immediate consequence is that no "misdeed" has bceri proved, and that therefore there is no case for repression. Nevertheless tho claim is made to impose on the parochial clergy of Vilvordo, on the director and pro fessors, on the priests of the College of Notre Dame, on tho Christian Brothers, the guarding for twelve consecutive hours of a telephone line. The clergy has declared their inability to take up this task and I have approved their decision. I feci sure, sir, that it will be enough to draw your kind attention to this incident to have an end put to this persecution and in anticipation I express my gratitude to your Excellency, and at tho same time beg you to accept tho expression of my sincere esteem. (Signed) D. J. CARDINAL MERC1ER, Archbishop of Malines. Tho Governor General replied, throwing the re sponsibility of summoning priests and clerics on the communal authorities: Government General of Belgium, Brussels, December 22, 101.:. To Ifiei Eminence Cardinal Mcreier, Archbishop of Malines. 1 have the honor to inform your Eminence in reply to your letter of the 18th inst. that the ap pointment of priests for guarding the telephone linr of Vilvordo is not due to my administration but to the Belgian communal authorities. J eharc your Emi nence's view entirely that priests should not be con strained for this service. I have given orders to my subordinates to see to it that for the future the Bel gian communal authorities do not commit such ex cesses in exercising their power. I offer to your Eminence the expression of my sincere esteem and have the honor to be your devoted servant, (Signed) BAKON VON BISSING, Lieutenant General. How the Truth Was Garbled Tlie truth of the matter is this: A vicar of the town, tho superior of the Christian Brothers, and several reverend professors of the college had been summoned by tho communal authorities for -.entry duty during the night. At this news the Dean Van Reeth went at, once to the town hall. In the ab sence of the burgomaster he was received bv an official, who told him that the orders had been given bv the Germans. With a view of finding out for himself the exact meaning of these orders, the dean went to see the Commandant; the latter declared that he had indeed given orders that the telephone wires should be guarded oy the magnates of the town, but that ho had not speci fied any particular class of persons. The dean hastened to write to the burgomaster the following letter: Sir I forbid all priests and religious of my dis trict to act as sentries to guard tho telephone lino, and I assume myself the responsibility for this re fusal In spite of the entreaties addressed to him, the dean refused to withdraw his prohibition. The communal authorities summoned civilians to take tho place of the recalcitrant priests and the incident was closed. CHAPTER XXI Before Leaving for Rome the Cardinal Again Recommends lo Von Bissing the Moral and Religions Interests of ihc Political Prisoner Archbishop's House, Malines, January 11, 191C. To His Excellency Baron von Bissing, Governor Gen eral, Brussels. Sir At tho time of leaving Belgium, for a few days, I take the liberty of calling your attention once again to tho religious and moral interests which arc suffering a severe check in the prisons and rooms of the Kommandantur. Nearly all those detained, and their number has always been increasing, arc put into solitary confine ment from the time of their arrest and remain there till their trial. The Gorman authorities have made it a rule to forbid prisoners in solitary confinement to assist at religious services. Tho upshot of this is that these victims of tho great misfortune which Bel gium is undergoing, though they have for the most part done nothing with which their conscience le proaches them, are, in fact, robbed nf all comfort for their souls and exposed to the dangers of moral depression. This kind of life, sir, is unbearable, and I shall deem it my duty to notify it to my supremo chief, tho sovereign pontiff. The German authorities have no valid grounds for upholding such a regime. In fact, tho arrangements of the prison are such that each prisoner is in a different pew, whence he can neither see his neighbor nor communicate with him. The warden, stationed at the center of the semicircle, can sec all tho pews. Besides this, the priest who says tho mass and who preaches is a German. Your Excellency will call to mind that, having in view the keen patriotic feel ings of tho prisoners, I had asked that a Belgian priest might administer to the wants of religion, in regard to Belgian prisoners, under tho guardianship of tho German administration, and that this request has been shelved. The German chaplain alone there fore is able to influence the prisoners by word or deed. For the last time, I ,beg your Excellency to have pity on so many souls; thero arj, more than 400 prisoners at this moment untried at Brussels, suffer ing from the stunting of their moral and religious instincts. I beg 'of you more earnestly than ever no longer to refuse prisoners and condemned men fa cilities for confessing to a priest, to whom it is hu manly possiblo to open their minds with full confi dence. They have gone so far as to refuse a Belgian Note The Cardinal left Belgium for Rome on January 12 and returned February 27, "Prisoners Are Robbed of All Comfort for Their Souls and Exposed to Dangers of Moral Depression," Cardinal Says as He Goes to See the Pope priest to men sentenced to death. Your Excellency, who has a pious soul, will understand that theso facts iouso tho indignation of a believing pcoplo and aro for us pastors a real torture. Surely at tho moment of death has not tho condemned man wishes and de sires to express which enn only bo told to ono in whom ho has full confidence? I have left unanswered till now the letter No. 10G37. which your Excellency addressed mo dated December 15, 1915, because I had looked upon this letter as a conclusion to n correspondence, nlready long-drawn-out, about tho ministry and preaching of our clergy. But your Excellency hns inclosed with this let ter' an extract from the Vingticme Siecle, which might give room for a misunderstanding. Your Ex cellency underlines in a correspondence alleged to have been sent from Brussels to Havre a passage where it is said: "Tho example which has been given to the Belgian clergy by the head of the episcopate, tho program he has drawn up for them in his famous pastoral letter, have fired the zeal of the most faint hearted." I conjecture that the intention of your Ex cellency in calling my attention to these two lines is lo insinuate that if unguarded words bo spoken in church the author of the pastoral letter of November, 191-1, would be responsible. In the early days of January, 1915, I had the honor of writing to your Excellency that my letter would keep up tho courage of our pcoplo and would prevent the seditious uproar which the German authorities, in their alarm, expected. Sure as I was of my ground, I refused to withdraw my letter and g;!ve orders to tho clergy to read it. A whole year's experience must have proved to the most pessimistic minds that my forecasts were correct and that there fore wo ought to be of ono mind in wishing to har monize the regulations and disciplinary pleasures of the occupying power with the respect due to the patriotism and the national dignity of the Belginn people. In substance, this is what the article in the Vingtifme Sieclo means and in that sense I can only agree with it. Kindly accept, sir, the assurance of my sincere esteem. (Signed) D. J. CARDINAL MERCIER, Archbishop of Malines. CHAPTER XXII Renewed Complaints of Baron Yon Bissing Concerning the Preaching of the Clergy Government General of Belgium, Brussels, I'. A. I. 2031. February 20. 1010. To His Eminence Cardinal Mcreier, Archbishop of Malines. I write to inform your Eminence that on the 13th of February inst. the Vicar Witlembcrg, in the course of a sermon preached in the Church of St. Alice, expressed himself as follows: "The German people is a lying people. Till now the Pope has only heard the German version, noto he hears the Belgian version. The Cardinal of Malines ivas received by the Pope at the same time as another Belgian priest; he will be back in i few days with very good news for the Belgians. The Germans will be mado responsible for all that has taken place in Belgium; Ihc Belgians will get a slice of Germany." The Vicar Witlembcrg has already given cause for complaint. Your Eminence, in your letter of December 3, 1010, had unswered that you had not been able to carry through the investigation you had begun in Ids regard. I noio beg your Eminence to tell mc how you will call thia priest to account for his misbehavior, and what steps you arc thinking of taking to prevent preachers in the future from making in the pulpit statements which, first, arc slanders of the German nation and therefore of the army of occupation; sec ond, arc of a nature to disturb aiul rouse the Belgian .people to revolt, and, third, are quite foreign to the preacher's office. Accept, your Eminence, the wishes of my sincere esteem. (Signed) BARON VON BISSING, Lieutenant General. PARKER'S HAITI DALSAM frj --tior,,li-ti(T vinnc!la.(rKi.llIfiT fj Keores i.oior ina . Beauty to Gray and Faded I lair MNMaMMM tolllaJirl II. - KIW-W JSfcSrT! 'SiSnKN IXfl w.vrriiKs ani jrwui.ry A KilKmntrrrt miilns ot 2ft per rent. Chan. II. Dean. 110 S. Elihth. mML y'JiUnrox Chf m W'ki. IVitf horn . 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I could only con gratulate myself, both in going and coming back, on tho courteous attentions which were shown mo throughout my journey and at the frontier. Your Excellency's dispatch No. 2021, February 29, reminds mo that on tho date, December 3, I said I had not been able to csrry through an investiga tion which had then boon requstcd of mo about tho sermons of the Rev. Wittembcrg, -dear of St. Alice. As a matter of fact I did not know up o now and I still do not know what nre the exact grievances about which I ought to institute an investigation. But this time your Excellency calls my attention to a ser scrmon preached by the same M. Wittemberg on Feb ruary 13, and you give details of the theme for which the preacher is held blameworthy. I forthwith sum moned the vicar to the archbishop's house and this is in substance the explanation ho has given me: "Tho gist of my sermon," said he, "was to comment on the parable of the grain of mustard seed and the leaven. I expatiated on the wondrous growth of the church from its very beginning and the transforma tion effected in the world by the preaching of tho gospel. In my peroration, I spoke of the prcstigo of the papacy at tho present time. 'All eyes aro turned on Benedict XV. All nations vie with ona another for his sympathy. Till now Belgium had had no opportunity to make the voice of her bishops heard, but our archbishop and another member of the Belgian hierarchy are in Rome. Wo must all have confidenca in them. It i.s, of course, difficult for tho Holy Father to sco the truth in the midst of different and often opposite versions, which come to him from every side. But let us be of good hope; already there is a rumor afloat that his Holiness has told the bishop of Namur that if ho were one day invited to tho peace negotia tions, he would put down as a first condition the lib eration of Belgium." The vicar protests that he has not accused the German nation of lying and that he has said nothing to suggest the idea of territorial conquest. There have probably been two misunderstandings. Tho first passage gave rise to the first, and the sec ond passage to tho second. The vicar offered to give me, if I wanted, the notes which he made use of in preaching. I deemed it superfluous to ask him for them, but if your Ex cellency desires supplementary explanations, I shall think it my duty to accept the offer which has been made to me. Accept, dear Governor1 General, the expression of mv sincere esteem. (Signed) D. J. CARDINAL MERCIER, Archbishop of Malines. Government General of Belgium, Brussele, P. A. J. 2330. March 0, 1015. To 7 in Eminence Cardinal Mcreier, Archbishop of Malines. As a, sequel to my letter P. A, I. 2121, of Febru ary 20, 1 bring this lo your Eminence's notice that the Vicar Wittemberg, of ihc Church of St. Alice, in . Brussels, has been guilty of a new misdemeanor by making in his sermon of February 27 statements of a political nature. Consequently, I beg your Eminence to let vie know at once whether I may rest quite as sured that the Vicar Wittembcrg will be compelled by ecclesiastical authority to confine himself within the limits of his ministerial office. I offer to your Eminence the expression of my sincere esteem. (Signed) . BARON VON BISSI.G, Lieutenant General. This letter remained for the time being without an answer. The controversy about patriotic acts was not, how ever, ended. It will again be tho subject of long dis cussions between the Cardinal, the Governor General and tho head of his political department, Baron von der Lanckcn. CONTINUED FRIDAY Capunoht. lam, by Public Lulucr Co. Covvrluht, Cantuln, 1919. by Public Lalbcr " International Copyright, 1910, by Public LeJacr Co. AMONB' We reconstruct, up holster and polish your old suite equal to new. 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