, . THUMifh . 11 fiyam n*llo9 • • H. H. & Co. [; , r •hlwi 0814111412A.* : eidl Sn bektitci a9,KI ,f , ),17a Java' TERist : g. A.4444 . 6l, iv tAgati ii i t allaigisa. in 5 4 1 , 1 1 , ±7 304 4. 1 147010 , " , rit0t 1.&ftivn.,11 1,14.1 ••!... net,. ..npan , •!cirtvl;2rtirtma,s , inolii i•VI:!,/ Igo .nn "CI :4,1, 1 4, '/I • 1, THE LAN MIT •Dfg'gr4, o4 4* . A published. , 7f. 85 per wadi ' • A,/ If 1-304,11. i • q .1 4 11,1 , 1fP. Thai ). 1•1!.1 I ;.e. 111111t1 bltra4 . lf , P. OFFICIE-Alotrressrser.Cousideuset QMltThx s QuARE , • - • rata Awl,'; it , OW It( maul. • t• , 'll '4,1,110 ,A•..,1j, •L. 1.1 , . Itr :PILICTIMELWEILL The Journal -defpi .„l 4 tasteful loVbr Of t!enlirfhtd•TPll lines. willtantPezdlii M,Knoul thy Sidi& xe69i," My midnight dreamantre all Of thee; Fo L n d a S t ra ff nrerlrott i cnna l lVnd ' l' 'l ! Ohein,that shilanygtosiovadhofxr; ..1:10W . s 4ft i Vggi rgi v irdl i ft 7. 4 11.,10urp,h n Thhtihfiat Pittictlarptight ave:rill tar Wan* tltDttghtatthlnh f 13 , 14);tir 4 . 3641 1 18 . ii; 11 Whate ; er May Ve tfOrthiftyg . liete;. I:iudeltet InVoL4 n!Yfronirtliee " °rill' ono bbont a; dentlo tour; ' ''• AlayLblwgmillnintunfrom ItbOVlt . 1 .111 : N eer' Pla ktri"_,fig t uMrgr.lig , "ertr froin'th," gnrwljg soca depart. ; FateWhlVl all drearrin Hest thounno tender 'thought. of Me?' • re stiMinek y hopen like multmerbloo illepart; But there'd oft, tiot'dle, •Thy,holy metnoF luny hdart p , d . • No errn..that Pilo Dwell* atIP ly 011. Auntlght to s lowa+ he givou, 1 .,„ light tylll II ve and flourish attli " ~ 'Ad deathles s as a tidal; OtHEnVen!' My soul greoln thine; urimitaked;tilisoughl,'.! Rant thou' for manna gent.la•thodgllt •, - Farewell ! fareb'ell toy, far-011 frlund ! , • Between us Briny]; blue rivers And forekta wave and plains extend, 1 • • And Mountains hrthe sunlight glow? • The wind that Menthe. upon, thy prow,' In net the 01,111 that braatitesm; ndne, The starbeanix shining no thee now 'Are not the bearrik that ore me shine, ' • But memory's spell In With me yet— Cann 3 t thou Ina hob: part forget? The hitter tears that thou and `I • May shed wheniiior la , itnixidAlitiowed, • Exalted IMO the noontide uhy, • • •• . . . .. , Muy n umt mO,llllllOO in. the cloud Anil thus, my much i , ,,V1..1 Irlend, though ;we Far, tar apart must' live cud MON', . Our Huila, NO:en i Intl bath get them freii,' . Can mlllOllll the world iif love Thla Were an eestaey to tee— Say—would IL he a Joy to thee ?, ,TT/J; BE.II:I:p , VL GATE have rend anti dreamed of Oman k tai gala, Moving on hinges of purest wad, On the other sine of the River of Death WhOgu watera are-dark, and dreary, and told Many,hav'e reached that deep, dark Arena], Ott ittl quiet brink to watch aud wait For the inesNetwer pale, to hour them across Ita wavelogA tide to the tiolden Tho that one that left our household baud Was ono who had eyes of deepeat blue, • With a brdw no taletta the ratio sprlng And a heart as pure lei the morals; dew. Long she lay on a Imod of. pain, Long, very-long, 111,1 we hope aud wall My angel Miter, where Is she now? She has entered In ut the Gohlen Gate An angel gaunt, and Within her struts She bore her :may to her hunto ttitore* I caught the gleam of a glittering bawl, And hoard Awret wordtt from it hymn of lost But the angel gueat Noon value agaln, And another one left our broken hand— Another one panned through the ()olden '<tat. Lute the hewn lihndng land. • Mother, oh) mother, I erlocl In my grief, How long on earth ninst I weep and wait Y. fill It pleamothlind,'' a voice replied, eall:thee he/110 through the Golden GM., Thuu one by one they all . passed away, While inn left , lonely and degoiate How I nometbne,4 yearn Yor the'angel to ram,' And bear MO too through Ma Golden Gate, In fancy . I see my mother's face, And my gentle sister's violet eyes; ' " • • And flit' rest that have left me, I see thein Um, Looking down at me front the azure skies. When the slanting rays of the netting sun A glory of molten gold create, A child's sort e•hiapw• reaelles my ear:— " Wo are will thug for thee, at the Holden (late When tee MI in 111 , ,V01: SOU th hi the aLILLIIIII.I sky Awl the leaves their branches all forsake, I kilos: nen! I like them will die, And pass to nay rest through the 1 /ohlon Mite ftlfsccllancous. The Site or the Nathatal Capitol Old residents of Washington, when spoken to about the enbrts making to re move the Seat of Oovernment, say, "Oh, that is nothing; ru•e used to It; we have he:u•d that all our lives." A review of the struggle dots show that it dates back to the foundation of the city. Its phases are, moreover, full of lit, Wrest, as local history, anll front the glimpses which they give of the charac ter and anticipations of our forefathers. In the Convention which framed the present Constitution of the United States, at Philadelphia, on Wednesday; ash September, 1787, Mr. Briarly, front the committee of eleven, made :t report, a part of which reads as follows ; 4. Immediately after the last clause of Section 1, Article 7, insert, ' To exer cise exclusive legislation in all cases what-Dever over cul•h district not t•x eeeding tort miles square, as may, by cession of particular States, and the ac ceptance of the Legislature, become the seat of the Oovernment of the United States; and to exercise like authority over all platys purchased for the erection of forts, mrgazines, arsenals, dockyards and other needful buildings.''' The foregoing quotation is front the notes of Mr. Madison, who states fur ther: " Ho much of the fourth clause related to the seat of Government was adopted, neat. con."—no one contra dicting, or without debate. It accord ingly became part of the eighth section of the 'first article of the Constitution, and is all which that instrument con tains upon the subject. Hence in this shape it passed to the first Congress, which met at New York city, on the , ith of March, 1789. The Legislatures of Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia, which States comprised the entire area within which It was thought the Capital could be located, had each meanwhile passed laws transferring to the United States exclusive jtirisdietion over any district within their respective States which Congress might choose for the seat of /overtime:it. On the 3d of Sept unber, in the House of Representative;, 'tr. Scott, of Penn syltanla' moved : " That a permanent residence ought, to be fixed for the General Government of the United States at same convetdent place, as near as the centre of wealth, population, and extent of territory as may be consistent with convenience to the navigation of the Atlantic Ocean, and having due regard to the particular situation of the Western country." . . The House at ()nee went inio Com mittee of the Whole upon this motion. Mr, Goodhue, of Massachusetts, intro duced the following : " Resolved, That the permanent seat of the General Government ought to be in some convenient. place on the east bank of the river Susquehanna, in the State of Pennsylvania; and that until the necessary buildings be erected for the purpose, the seat of Government ought to continue at the city of New York." Mx. Lee, of Virginia, introduced the following: "Reivil»ed, That a place, as nearly central as a convenient communication with the Atlantic Ocean, and an easy access to the Western territory will per mit, ought to be selected and establiShed as the permanent sent of the Govern ment of the United States." M==== upon the Banks of the Potomac ; and t was so understood, and pitted against the former proposition for the. Susque hanna. The Eastern members of the House were ag reed on the Susquehanna ; the Southern members were agreed on the Potomac. 'Plie two localities were rivals for the second choice of the re maining members, whose first choice would perhaps have been for Philadel phia. le debate was vigorous and in teresting. Mr. Sedgwick, of Masmachusett.s, de clared, "It is the opinion of all the East ern States that the climate of the Poto mac is not only unhealthy, but destruc tive to Northern constitutions." He thought " the centre and iniluence . of government ought to incline to North ern interests and a poor soil because !inch parts are the nurseries of soldiers and sailors, and the sources of that energy which is the best security of the government." Mr. Wadsworth, of Connecticut, !',did not dare to go to the Potomac. He feared that the whole of NeW England would consider the Union as destroyed," Mr. Ames, of Massachusetts, said : ".The Susquehanna, is the centre of com mon convenience-West of the:Ohio is almost an unmea,surable wilderness. Gentlemen will pardon me if I think It perfectly romantic to make this decision depend upon that eircumstancelt would give me ' uneasinesS''M think that a hundred years hence it Would 'he liable to be removed." Mr. Vining, of Dela Ware;; declare that 1. look on theWestein ter ritory from an awful and striking: point of view. rTo that region this unpolished Sons of the earth-are flowing from all quarters ; 'men to whom the protection ' of the laws and the controlling 'force bf the Government are eqUallY necessary. .Fiem this:great consideration , I "con that;the banks of 'the' Pet:oMo Is . utepropertit‘tion.". • ••: f• :: .:Mr. Stone ,i of.lffaryland, Acid ;lAkiNv the Potoniao, as I am informed,•connects with the Ycrughiogeny, a river less _ - 0 - 4 . 7. ' ''' . 1 4 U.Ki ' '' 7 ' all _._ 1 ... , ' A lt • . t ... 7,••!' - 11 - NI ' e ... _ loaq ' .111wataavolit ' , malt. odt.al otawyblotar • .110410 a t ain na i s . 3 ib t a .._ . . 'ff -altsilt92l'i 81mdel•ticH . I .-cis49 - :out fulvt;,/ 50 20 hotp4B , •••• 93 l • tr,u 1 kato•T! ac I ( ° 2lll2 3 ' ' ' '' ... . . 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''.# llllll9 ' 0 L'l.Y.'-'d .<',,o+ .au onaaer:cne . fl“littrr • , ilc ill . 4H .aid haat.). utukr,/,1 9111 lo frgnanq eve: - Nakfili 6iltd),al9onl9o 6.mit : 1199 d Tad tau , 11 li Tilinu fair fwiroile mirk 7t.fimirl-ffil^,Rllll TT) 01 iv - in - Lb 1 noiz.e.uapelloi•toicvnl.ll.9lHUlLlgtrontil lzmol ( fait 397 rbp t t1i61 5 148 riTdtk wl i zAs . us l l7o,llCtleEi t of west p the. t4f Ya:l v 4 ry 4;" trpkbeftattettihiapatt-: letndeoffnirkiattageav CJI', that/ VEdli6ll4l ofalVitginktiduaddra Mkt -shouldd:beNfotind. lhattel n(tfoitthern Sates dtartimiattlVtiieVniq Itettittti, alid*rrktbinihhiitldi'AW tthft,. the' Mfr. i Vifgr e; Pte,e .:" - a lii9P44 ' s l.riseA: in..that.,W4y,!1,41 PonventitMotiVirgii}iiii Aand:kkmught Abe•4Eola:rations; and. preceedinktaxif-this . day . ritito victsti,l- as t!olieva-Vir ginia inightittotthavetbeentd:tiartstift•the Unit:9l at BecitiViit'lierfniiyiyafiffiasid: "If 'lt 'vere by.somc Insttuttan'tiehi' tit:begs, it ti:6111(1 be of,leiis,p,teni4ice. where the Gov ern *lit : ".There; was a. communication thy the lunialmtvithairosul.actually laid out of about,:forty miles; • httheo , yon:descend the:Kiskinilnotrifitothe . Alleghany, and theneeto Pittfiliurg,"is thirty miles." Mr: tee nitit'ed strikeimit:',‘•,the!akSt, batik' ortwity4f use "1114,A041,)i , :k0c tirtho iivet P.o tOntae,!;.W,hielt Wasrlost and after .sev eral dayslctinlirOYeritii, uuii numerous at tempts:to changelts tenor,:., the original Su.squehanim, ,:restiLution• Agismad- the HOUSee by, a:I-kite-of to 47, and was Si) sent .to the:Semite: • • ' On the tttlforEtepteinherthe'bill came lack:from the Seinde, where it had been, a:intent recoryled debate, anienthA to read : district of teu mile pi square, bounded on the Sonth.bynline running pandlol'at one mil.e's distance from the city of Philadelphia." . • Thereon mg:mat:deal of wrath was ex pended in the House, which refused to concur in the amendment;and the Mat ter droppeil,for the sesaiqn. The action of the,Senhte :WassleterminLitt, after a tie vote iu,that b6cly, the casting vote of the Yiee.Preaident, Mr.. Adams, but for whom Om Oupitol.of the United States would now.stand "on the banks of the Susquehanna," probably at Wrights ville, inYork-county, opposite 'OOltini On the 31st of May, 1790, a - bill was Introduced in the Senate by Mr. Butler, of. South Carolina, "to determine the permanent Seat Of Congress and of the Governinentot the United States." This bill passed the Senate on theist of July, providing "that's district on the river Potomac, at some place between the mouths of the . Eastern- Branch and Conococheape, be and the same is here by accepted for thepermanent seat of the Goveriamtret of the thii ted States." This washy', a vdte of 14 to 12, and, as before, with Out recorded debtite. The bill further Preyided that the temporary seat of Government should be at Philo delphia until the ..yeas 1800, buildings meanwhile:to be prepared on- the Poto mac. Efforts were madeto keep it at New Yolle till 18110; tllll.7fti," WI 1702, but all wlthoutiMil. The PriSident was directed to ap point commissioners, who ; under his direction, should survey and purchase lauds within the District for the capital, and provide the necessary buildings. He was also, for defraying the expense of "such purchases and buildings,' "au thorized and 'requested to accept grants of money." The acceptance referred to in the bill related net only to the phraseology of the Constitution, but also to the act of cession by the Legislature of the State of Maryland. The Maryland Legislature also granted $72,000, and the Virginia Legislature $120,000, in pursuance of the suggestion contained in the bill. So the bill went to the House. Mr. Sherman, of Connecticut, at once moved to strike out the Putomacand in sert " a district to include the town of Baltimore." Mr. Burke, of South Carolina, prefer red Baltimore. "There was no politi cal necessity for removing from New York to Philadelphia. The measure would excite the most turbulent pas sions in the minds of the citizens of 7 ..1s ew York." He spoke in handsome terms of the State of Pennsylvania. " He had as high an opinion of the peeple of that State as any man whatever ; but he was afraid of their influence. A Quaker State was a bail neighborhood for the South Carolinians." Mr. Lawrence, of New York, " ad- verted to the funding bUShICBB, and very strongly intimated tlutt these and other important matters which remain to be decided on were to be determined ae- , cording to the fate of this bill." 1 Mr. Madison ; of Virginia, said: "It , is not in our power to guard against a repeal. Our nets are not, like those of the Medes and Persians, unalterable. A repeal is a thing against which no pro vision can be made. I am not under apprehensions of repeal; but if danger 1 of repeal does exist, it is of that kind against which we can not guard.'' Mr. Gerry, of Connecticut, said: " It appears pretty evident the advocates of the bill are sure of a majority ; it is very evident that it has had a very pernicious influence on the great business of fund ing the public debt." He ridiculed the idea of fixing the Government at Con-' ococheague ( just where it is now). "He did not think there was any serious in tention of ever going to that Indian place. Ile considered the whole busi ness us a mere manonivre." Mr. Hartley defended the Quakers, "remarkable for their moral laws, for the plainness of their manners, and -their benevolence. Nay, should the gentleman go to Philadelphia, he will find that these people will treat him as well as any . other so.elety." Mr. Page, of Virginia, with Primitive credulity, remarked: " There is not a city in the World in- which I would sooner trust myself and Congress than in New York ; for it is superior to any place I know for the orderly and decent behavior of its Inhabitants.' , Mr. Gerry, of Connecticut, continued: "That taking so southern a situation [l. e., as the Potomac] would amount to a disqualification of many of the Nor- them membeN, who would forego their election rather than attend the National Legislature on that river." But the "determined majoriiy " of I which he spoke had their way neverthe less ; and on the Bth of July, 1700, by a vote of 32 to 29, the bill became a laW. Whence the-majority came from is a ' curious piece of semi-private history. The references 'to 'the " Assumption Bill" are full of In ., » i n g. In the com pilation of Hamilton's writings it is stated that; " it being ascertained that ill a certain contingency there VMS a majority in favor of tits Assumption in the other House, a bill finally passed the Senate providing that the seat of Gov ernment should remain at Philadelphia until the year 1800 ; and that it should be permanently established, after that time, near the Potomac—a decision in which regard to the perSongi wishes of Washingtomhad Weight." This may be true, but notsueh weight as the : "contingency." however. Mr. Monroe wrote from,. Virginia to Al r Madisep 1. ".The .Asspmption will be dislikedlier6iinder any shape it can as- sume. I believe, hoWaver, a satisfactory adjustment of the other business [the .Potomac] would make this [the As-', sumption] more palatable here." But fors, full explanation we must hearpli. Jefferson. , : • " This game was • over, and • another Was on the carpet at the moment of my arrival [froth Fran cc to become Secre- tdry of State]; and 'to this l' Was most ignorantly and innocently made to hold the Candle. This , fiscal measure was .known by the : name of the Assumption. Independently of the debts of Congress the States had, during the war, eon traeted separatemid heavy debts. This money, whethet ' Wisely /or foolishly , spent, was pretendedte have been spent forlgeneral,,piiites'es; :MK : ought there fore' to tie ,p t ild - frotri 'the gine* parse. This Me,lisnte ~ predneed . :, - the MOO bitterantt angry qoittest . 6 . er, known ' Ino• ICOhgrees, ,, betake.. 4r: ~ , since: the Union of: the S4tteri , !; J . arrived :in the midst alit. ,ThitiastrangertothegroUnd, a Stranger by the.actors melt-'.so long ab sent es to have lost all familiarity with the subject ; . and as • yet unaware - Oita .1 'object.=-4: Mole-fib' eontern init.' - Us great : and trying ipieetioti; however,'Whe lost in the House of-ItePreseritatlVes--- So high were the - fedds excited by, this sub getthat on its rejeetion business Was sus . MO. . Congreas Met and . ttiljeurti iii ed. ' '' .driYtb day Withrmt 'doing 'Any thing, the partieS heingtoo Mach too ' temper ',4,6 'do :be:Shims ‘tegether.': . The Eastern ' ineirthere :'particularly, who *Allipq ti4CrOalh*, - Were the twitthi. , ,EEP 4109 ,4 4 ,.tike5. c ,- seeeee, mreatenea. a , secieleToti ~antl;xlisealution. ' Hamilton -was In despair. , As I was going to the President one day I met --- --------- .--,..... Itti irViralk i: • ..4 P' . • .p a«. . ,-.- ' i e aof ' 0 4, 1 1 z. 1". 4; • ' •0Rti.....” 6 •'' ". ',1''.441. ! FL cool o o concerti f tbau ). 'si c ' -...:• 41 , ]ffailhillg elin4N•Plajw., , .J;doiti , a&al. -1 - ,i,fk i - 0,-)AtuftEifirmecoArtlmately ~ reatedoutd „that all; of,,,ns should •ittligatittlaxmilrilriM, laid stipphrt.4 . ithjointi worts mettailtials px ApproovedibY himl.andtilattlieAuekt . Invving , 4seeii lok' bg 4 1- sinulr !PP - only - --*ltgVittilitibtili'lltaV'4ri': 6 is) 3 i 713. 045'Ae 'AU, Am eat iji tit ti 4 reAi 0 01.A°_,t "Or AY, Alo#l n/ 1 0.4' WS9.t. la :P4P,i4 . is tPP,Pten-AW . ttP4-10M4S.Pf _Ewyekiii v i,pw2.o34 , megaedt,„4lg,ht , again Sot ~inaton,, iltoldliim tW, '-I . 'NAL-really a ,stranger sto the:-whale subject; tintti:not having - yetinfarthed myself ofltheaystenT of lintMeeetuilept&l, I knew not this' was-a nedekilit7 sequence';' that, utidribbtedly,!'ff ,It.til'i•e , dection endangered it'idissolutyi,:6l our Vidciti'nftliit 3 , l 4 l filehtgibigi,iol{i4uild ',olden]. ttiat3lte most.tinfortnnate ,pf4il Obliseenences;, tZ T S,3.7eit Willeh. all partial and temporary evils ,should be Tielded. I I proposed to him, however,' to slide .with ane the next day, and iwould an -vile another, friend or two, bring them ltdo , confereitee together,'and 1 thought 'lt-impossible that reasonable men' Con— *thing together Cooly, cohld ' fail' 'by sonic tnntual 'sacrifices of opinion to form a ethnprcimise which Was to save the Union. The discunstou.took place. I could take no part in it but ad exhorta tory one, because I was a stranger to the circumstances which should govern it. But it was finally agreed that whatever ' importanee had been attached to there- Jection of this proposition, the preserva tion of the Union and of a concord among the States was 'utbre.important, and that therefore itwonidbobetter that tip: vote of rejectionshoolti be resei ailed, to effect which 861.11 Q ;members should change their votes. Bath was observed that this measure would be partinularly bitter to the Southern States, and that some concomitant measure should be adopted to sweeten it a little to them. There had before been 'proposi tions to fix the seat of governineut either lit Philadelphia or at Georgetown on the Potomac ; and it was thought that by giving it to Philadelphia for ten years, and to Georgetown permanently after ward, this might, as an anodyne, calm In some degree the ferment which might be excited by the other measure alone. So two of the Potomac. members White and Lee, but White with a revulsion of shanach almost convulSive),*reed to change. their votes, and liaTiltOn un iiertoilo carry, the.other paint., In do ing this, the influence he had. estab lished over the Eastern members, with the agency of Robert Morris with those of the Middle States effected hieside of the engagement." to "twenty millions I of stock were divided among favored States," and the Capital went to the Po tomac The above is from Jefferson's diary. Lato', in the letter to Washington, he adds: "I was duped by the Secretary of the Treasury, and made a tool for for warding his schemes; and of all the errors of my political life, this has occa sioned me the deepest regret," A later law, at Washington's sugges tion, so changed the boundaries as to include a portion pf Virginia with the town of Alexandria. How far Washington had engaged In tbis contest does not appear, although the project was at the tune denounced as his " hobby-horse." It it said the spot attracted him during his early life while surveying, and that he afterward encamped there during Braddock's campaign against rho Indians. It is certain that he entered on the work with vigor, and that he did not gvow less San guine. Commissioners were appointed, and in March, 1791 he writes to the Sec retary of the Slate: " The terms entered into by me, on the part of the United States, with the land holders of Georgetown and Carrot Is burgh are that all the land from Rock Creek along the river to the Eastern Branch, and so upward to or above the Ferry, including a breadth of about a mile and a half, the whole containing from three to five thousand acres, is ce ded to the public on condition that, when the whole shall be surveyed and laid off as a city (which Malor L'Enfant is new directed to do,) the present proprleters shall retain every other hit ; and for such part of the land as may be taken for ieubliense, Infsonares, lots, eto. ; they shall be allOWed at the rate of £25 per acre, the public having i the right to reserve such parts of the wood on the land as may be tlinught necessary for ornament; the landhold ers to have the use and profits of all the grounds until the city is laid off into lot 8, and sale is made of these lots which by this agreement becomes public prop erty. Nothing is to be allowed .for the ground which may be occupied as streets and alleys. To these considerations all ' the principal landholders have agreed, and it is not doubted that the .fow who were not present will readily come into the measure, even the obstinate Mr. Burns." The refractory personage last men tioned was pealed to by Washington, explaining olf im the advantage he was resisting; o all which he replied : " I suppose you think people - here are going to take every grist that comes from you as pure grain; but what would you have been if you hadn't married the widow Custis ?" ,- The Father of his Country had no more to say. But the Maryland Legis lature was in tarn too much for Mr. Burns. The laws of Maryland were to have. force within the District until Con gress Otherwise provided, so they went on to enact, that " whereas some of the proprietors of lots, as well assomp of the proprietors of lands. have not, from im becility and other causes, come into any [the above] agreement concerning their lands thereforey the Commissioners were by law vested with the title to their lands on the• same terms with the . rest. it does not appear that at this time Washington knew that the city would be celled•by his name. A few months latter the Commissioners, Johnson, Stuart, and Carroll, wrote to Major L'Ehfant, the French engineer who had been employed to lay out the city : "GEORGETOWN, September 9, 1791. "Sin,—We have agreed that the Fed eral District shall be called The Terri tory of Columbia,' and the Federal City 'The City of Washington ;' the title of the map will therefore be, ' A Map of the City of Washington, in the Territory of Columbia."' In 1792 Washington writes: " It is with pleasure I add, as my opinion, that the roots of the permanent city are penetrating deep, and spreadiligfar and wide. Tho Eastern States are not only getting more and more reconciled to the measure, but are beginning to view it in a more advantageous light, as it re gards their policy and interests." In 1799 he writes The Federal City, in the year 1800, will beeometheseatof the General Government of the United States. Ins increasing fast in buildings and rising into consequence ; and will, I have no doubt, from the advantages given to it by nature, and "its proahruty to n rich interior country_and the West ern territory, become the emporium of the United States." Mentiorywes , made in the Senate' of “ fifteen years since the Government re moved here, during the fimt yeart of which period' there prevailed,; not only in Ihis country, 'but fill , over Europe, a degree of entlundasm .bordering 'upon madness respecting the future destines of tbiametropolis..” • Difficulties, however, attended the whaleundertaking, and calamitous dis aster overtook it; The French engineer, L'Enfant, was found' to be as touchy as he was thought to be talented, 'and wits proportionately troublesome. At the first sale allots the rumor was industri ously spread that Cortgrea' s'never*ffid remove' to the 'Potomac, - but would Main at PhiladelPhia." In, I.792:WaSh lirgtbn wrote the Commid toners, that unless great actiYity prevailed, their whole previous labor might be lost.-- 7 Later he was obliged to make.residence on the spot a sine 'guano:xi-with the Commissioners. The watiV.of Money wits severely felt. The $269 0 600 subscrib ed: by NirgMisi and Mary land *as all expended: ' r in 1790 Congress authrirlied and gu . arMiteed ' a loalf- "'toy the 00mMWsia#*; 'of . $800,006,; , but the monelr; - ,,Waa not - MY .be..;'b4d.", e State of..',Attityhind" - tOnhi ,peniii)*l toot - Ilia; of it ; but required the Ooininiadoners to add their individual guarantee to that MEOMZI 3 !Ai11 . .: v: v : ...174 1) . . ?•:'' •;" 44 1 E, • ei: - .. o• • -ref'? A • • -49- .• ' 714 ' . ' . ' .."" ' - ' ' " • • , : • * .., i i i, D tke,As;esn & t ot . s• •- :, re, • , , crwityygotkle likkilloi .itilditnge -made ' WASlrellaVrtote.thr 1,.. ~ , voLIC., ea laith geheafbrattneis did inot.farir so •:. 4.1.1 0 ret nitfe'ldevefillittinfiliik -M/biltif 4i • '''' •f ' 'l , Mittair Of! : I 1 . ,f. tifir, :, ~ r. , ltd.: 1 ...„. q i , ..ie):ip: A:'..?l-7..: ~,,T . : . ..7.7 * , :i ..- fta,i3 ? di . ' :-- 1 - .P . fl i t: ''. l'e -ißeee,intd ~ , : ~ w e . opB4 i n ,..., 4 _ idisidwita x , - i%wriffddieroodway ,tai nbe lbuiltancianpt id/ma/Hl:in/ft twit/62nd And Teter* theclty) fl'o'dne-half 13f the trenfibiti . Of"Vitind . thri"Uttitcd 13tititet?" _iftWerfllt , ertlittit,Oikent. i it 1 i , 303 < 4 C,Y,1 6. .k. • : I ”•TbeetrkTe Iqo.rt a : i) ,-4 - ,ptilc4 o4 :,..,A g t „. -EPim.mq..,0z44.4,44 -413 t, u 4 .° 4 .bent •41414w.•and 4ffitttasiagileafO6 ooo lets at.s6o.eaclifikattsin3'nsfr,theee , partite ibecarne4nsplyant.rhatlngifccotitpllithed ~ tici yllttle;mnltongrowaof brick houses -weretoireneneeclatotheir e rintisbetween - theAtiperdtkitineVlintyl 7tirill,:•toid-fOr *tiff .i•lini• ) l.lle."chittirieyi'reiniihiett W 4 OitiOdtheidg ti r gih'llent.4' . dt . - AIL' ' ' ',44;4:::1:14*,,P!#.4 of 1311wgr9,1.43,w5t5A../gr?onde 'Of ~WswhiliOon- , next.4eorgetewn, dit -001 , - eial timer ,the:fewicents pen: square .foot •themacarit property is :worth in 1806, It liweurnmt , that the lion. •Daniel Carroll, one of the Conimlissioners; , •ithe'ewiied Most Of Cattbi Hill; abbut one'tlilict of 'the'eityip Sett an efferbfs2o6,ooo from •Stbpheri Ginfird hint otherafor, every al ter/44i let, rtAd' 'debt/Ada $1,000,600 for' th e Orue. AI4O, that; he died insolv ent, leaving, the., propertY, . vacant, and $18,060 unpaid city taxes. , This is the old fable of the boy's hand imthe jar ; but still, "the' main reason for its slow -growth in the first forty yerrs: is to be -found ln-the uncertainty which so long existed'es to its being'the permanent 'seat of the Government." • , ... , In,lBoo, during the I'rekldency of the 'elder :Adams, the transfer was effected, the executive offices being 12n/toyed to Washington in June. It was not a very formidable tranafer, so far as persons or materials,mere.eoneerned. , The "Oldest' Inhabitant" assures. me that a single "packet" sloope•breught all theoffice furniture of the Departments ! ' besides the " seven large boxes and four of five smaller ones" which ' contained' the "`Archives" of thegovernment: :Fifty four persons' comprising the President, SecretarieS, and the clericel'Airce choSe their own method of conveyance. The cornerstone was laid. by Wash ington, in, Iff93._ Up :to 1812 only the wings had been completed, :and ' work .was suspended. during .the war.', After the destruction of the 'interior by the British, 111'1814, &building , was erected for atempcirary Capitol. - Phis building was used' during . the war of BeeeSaion as It prison, and was known as the'Oldtap itol Prison. It ha.i received Some niter aliens, and is now Used, as,dwellings. The original Capitol was completed. in 182.5. , ~Thecornerstone of the extension, which constitutes the main• portion of tile present Capitol, was laid on the 4th of July,lB6l, by President Fil more,' upon which occasion Daniel Webster deliver ed one of his most eloquent orations, and deposited under the cornerstone a document In his own handwriting, which reads. If, therefore, it\shall hereafter be the will of God that this structure Ethan fall from its base, the its foundations g, shall be upturned, an the deposit be neath this stone brou tto the eyes of men, be it then known that on this day the Union of the United States of Amer ica stands firm, that their Constitution still exist unimpaired; and with all its original usefulness and glory, growing every day stronger and stronger iu the affections of the great body of the Amer ican people, and attracting more and more the admiration of the world. And all here assembled, whether belonging to public or to private life, with hearts devoutly thankful to Almighty God for the preservation of the liberty and happi ness of the country-, unite In sincere and fervent prayers that this deposit, and the walls and arches, the domes and towers, the columns and entablatures, now to be erected over it, may endure forever. God save the United States of America i" The comfortable (martens and good living which Philadelphia afforded were not abandoned for the backwoods with out severe discontent. On the 4th of July, the Secretary of the Treasury, Mr. Wolcott,gives his impressions in a let ter to his wife : " The CilPito/ in nituntod o rni fleece, which I shOuld suppose was near the centre of the immense country here called the city. There is one good tavern about forty rods from the Capitol, and several other houses are built and erect ing; but Ido not perceive how the mem bers of Congress can possibly secure lodgings, unless they will consent to live like scholars in a college, or monks in a monastery, crowded ten or twenty in one house, and utterly secluded from society. The only resource for such as wish to live comfortably will, I think, be found in Georgetown, three miles distant, over as bad. a road in winter as the clay grounds near Hartford. " I have made every exertion to secure good lodgings near the office, but shall be compelled to take them at the distance of more than half a mile. There are in fact, but few houses in any one place, and most of them, small, miserable huts, which present an awful contrast to the public buildings, The people are poor, arid as far as I can judge, they live like fishee, by eating . each other. All the ground for several miles around the city, being in the opinion of the people, too valuable to be cultivated, remains u n fenced." President Adams arrived with his family in November. On the2sth Mrs. 'Adams Wrote to her daughter, Mrs. Smith " I arrived here on. Sunday last, and without meetlhg with any accident worth noticing except losing ourselves when we left Baltimore, and going eight or nine miles on the Frederick road, by'which means we were obliged to go the'other eight through the woods, where we wandered two hours without finding a guide or the path. Fortunately, a straggling black came up with us, and we engaged him as a guide to extricate us out of our difficulty ; but woods are all you see from Baltimore until you reach the city, which is only so in name. Here and there is a small cot, without a glass window, interspersed 'among the forests through which you travel miles without seeing any hymau being. 6 IU the city.• there :are, buildinw enough, if they were compact and fin ished, to accommodate Congress and those attached to it ; but as they are, and scattered as they are, I ace no great com fort for them " If the twelve years in which this place has been considered as the future seat of Government had been improved, as they would have been in New Eng land, very many of the present incon veniences would have been removed It is a beautiful spot, capable of any improvement, and the more I view it the more I am delighted with it." John Cotton, Santa, a member front Connecticut, wrote 'also: " Our approach to the city was accom panied with sensations not easily des cribed. One wing of the Capitol only had been etected, which, with the Presi dent's house, a mile distant from it, both constructed with white sandstone, were -shining objects In dismal contrast with the scene around them. Instead of recognizing the avenues and streets por trued on the plan of the city, not one I was visible, unless we except a road, with two buildings on each aide of it called the New Jersey Avenue, The Permsylvania,leading, as laid down on paper, from the Capitol to the Presi dential mansiorr, -was then nearly the whole distance`a_ deep. morass covered with alder-bushes, which _were cut through the width of the intended ave nue during the 'then ensuing winter. " Between the President's house and GeorgetoWn 'a bleck of houses had been erected, which then bore, and may' still bear, the ; name Of the Six .Buildings. There were also two other blocks, con sisting of two or, three dwelling-hohses, in . different ,direetions and now :and th e n an insulated wooden habitation ; the intervening spaces, and, indeed, the surface of the citrgenendly, being cov ered With 4714.4,'64p&f1iNis oh the' high er grounds,, a n y on the marshy soil eithoitrees or, some sort. Of shrubbery. No; Wag Akfi ' esolete asPft9t thqliwe a little augmented by a number '.o un ihdaluad edifices at ,GreculeArs..Point, and on , an eminence a snort dia.- tanco - from it, commented by an indi vidtial whose name they bore but the date of - whose compelled,. hind, to liEstiaon,flieni, not tent.funfinisitedtlltrt in a ruinous condition- 2 ' ' " One of the blocks of buildings at GI noqu I=nlM4 I,[l , faumaicurse - ioo • , TIMM= liVvAyi i ;EP, RanNtedoalai , & mastaf triptiviintent ti l . dk ji. r it itnilkio j iartriipmtobeing- Vedsbymattinecktmnotstersalethl• Ihdtd" adirMElliaated . 1 : : • 'll . l4l:enri ' al • -, !1' 7 a o,,im .r:,.. 4 1 . , . . 44i M I, r P,WP_ r thaPti,fsP . A.c. ! . . ,; -. o-.lor/ 2 19 'Ohio KR '' UK _, reseTh I T o onotta/AftylaW‘pete -Dantwolloll-i mond,:nrallarlsesold4::efakkatiMetlent. !Speaket- , :gaelgoviek hvemallophod asiatido, todilittrolftdtbleroistrofkrAAtiblilllfiivoViol - excietiotiviettama , vOiltimtta , ;., , wm . alifiiivolitzuotisiiiiirk ~ vied , Otrrtrri - T'''Wfie, 'Se -all ..,i,,triew*o... ti., 3 , .-tw.d., ;lois; ,:ar.fous,:tititioyay.4l4..ixatial,;44,we; ,W.eXe.atiOndeflAY , Xiet \te - IMIL fAthOil' -sorvenia... t, hirgeiproportiOw of: Saab-, ern members tookraoligings 4 at.ul. 36 r , town (which ithoughtof a ottopervor o er, were threet mileedistant - tront , the:cl4l-, tol,-;andWof icaursti , rendered the!. ddt 'empleynient'ofhienty .coa,-ellcs4:(i'apis 'pe,nsiLble.• • """- ''' ' ' ' ,..-:. , -... . ' `NotWithgtiihdigg.,llo - _,.l.tilT4o,ratile , .404 whia , 'CV41 1 44! -0 4:PTOqut9 .4 6iP, lopr arrly'a,l, reanaio . , Illeoentlyexpreas ony gdmiration of ita .10Cal. positietl-n-L- , Whenever.,•during the idx years .of-My .Connection with Congress,' the question of remcivingthiLsetit •of Gocurntuentifo :Mind uther platso ' was' ngittotedand the •prtipo l Sltien was - fropently made--I :stiipdhlritostalone.; .q . ' a"Northen ' Man. riiigii/ng ray i:litp'td,tiMitidgatlye * f t =:'. I 'The ' - 's"ces,th or, hytohizigOil:i , :;ll' . vitYl; I spared him if knowledge p' ;s disenii .ltent., He had anticipated hal:direction rif it should at any; time exist. :Perhaps 'his death also load eheckedthepreparn dons., libp,lmemory •may • have &leo cheeked the'dgitatiom for , removal, hilt in 1808,'It Wa. , 4 openly renewed by 'a bill for the temporary remOyaT of the Gtfir erntfient to Ardtfintire, - Which ,tr. Wright, of Maiyhunl, IntrOdnepd.lti the Senate, avowedly, as a; spur to the inhab itants of Washington, anti Mr- Jackson, of Georgia, denounced as. a "bill to frighten the women and, children" of the city,- .and calculated to , de feat the very purpose ''of the motor.-=- Mr. Anderson, bf •I'rerthesiee,' 'Was th favor of the bill, buCtiltowed that' '''" ln stieh an event an obligation would'arise to Indemnify , the proprietors' for the' losses they weld thercb,y siisydri," r lit* Sohn Quincy Adams,. of 41.assaelnisotts, considered the measure, as Inexpedldnt as it was LlUCOnlitittltiAtlaik Mr. Daytol3, .of New -Jersey, said- If •a. removal took place, Congress wasbound to Indemnify the proprietors, . Mr. Jackson said rap-. ther : " The Vine would come, though he hoped to OW roelther his dilldreh nor his children's children would Itv'e .. ft: see it when the population on tills side of the Mississippi would pass that ricer, and the seat of Government would be translated , to :' its , bSr i kSU ifeenturies would, however, elapse lieftimtirat Ipe adod arrived, , liar....Nue}ay, of Pentisy,l,- yenta, contended that no constitutional obstacle did exist. Mr. Adams hislated further, that from the foundation of the Constitution until the removal df the Government to this place, but. one sen timent had existed, which was that the seat of Government, once fixed under the Constitution, became the neriniitient seat. The preponderance of opinftin was against Mr. Adams, but the boll , was nevertheless lost by a vote of 18to 0, and and Congress resumed its migrations between Georgetown and the Capilbl. About this time Sir Augustus Foster, the Secretary of .the British Minister, gave his view of the feelings by which the powers that be were actuated :. "Che richer and more respectable members of Congress had, for the most part, always inclined to vote fdr return ing to Philadelphia, or selecting some other town of practical importance ; hat every such proposal had been distasteful to the majority, it Using in a great rneL.4- ure composed of rough and unfa.shioned persons, to whom it is of consequenceto be in a place where they could. he at tended to inure than in a large city,— This majority had usually found sup port in the Government, so long com posed of Virginians, who liaturally preferred Washington to any remoter situation, but the removal could hardly, he apprehends, have been avoided,: but for the determined personal opposition of Jefferson. This President alleged as his reason the danger of throwing open again a question so difficult and delicate as that of the choice of the seat of Gov ernment." In 1814 there was trouble again. The city had been captured by a force leas than half that which diagracefifily fled, and the public buildings were alt sacked and burned, with many private houses. Congress assembled in September. The situation of the city at that time is thus described : "Twelve or fifteen cluster'of houses, at a considerable distance from each other, bringing to our recollection the appearance of a camp of nomad Arabs, which, however, if connected to gether, would make a very respectable - town, not much Inferior, perhaps, to the capital of Virginia, and here and there an insulated house; the whole of it, when seen from the ruins of our public edifices, looking more like the place where proud Washlngton once stood than where humble Washington now lies." Mr. Fisk, of New York, introduced in the House a resolution of inqry ui into the expediency of removal. Tlic' conn try, he said, was alarmed for the safety of Congress—it was necassary that some steps should be taken. Mr. Lewis, of Virginia, hoped, by rejecting it, an end would be put to sim ilar attempts hereafter, "and that the good people of this District would be permitted to continue their improve ments here without the dread of being sacrificed." Mr. Macon, of North Carolina, said that " if the seat of Goveriunent was once set on , wheels there was he saying where It would stop." Mr. Oakley, of New York, said AWLS true a removal might injure individ.uals, but he presumed no gentleman in the House would hesitate to make a fair and liberal compensation by tray of in demnity to such sufferers. Mr. Stockton of New lerSey, felled on the fifth section of the ,COnstitutionto prove his position. It is theAeproylded that " neither House shall, withpa the consent of thnother, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses stfall be sitting." This Mr. Stockton said, " expressly admits and regulates the general power of removal." The debate continued several days; the old ground Was gone over, the propo sition negatived by u vote of 83 to 74, and the rebuilding set vigorously on foot. The corporation ofAlexandria, In 1804, memorialized the. Legislature of,.Vir- Onto, asking its consent tothe retroces sion of so much of the District as.•had been taken from'that State.' The Leg islature at once and by a unanimous vote, approved tie proposition; and In May of that yetir's bill to that effect passed the House of • Representatives, after an animated debate, in which the question of constitutional power viasnot seriously raised. In the Senate, how ever, the debate turned largelY on that point. Mr. Hay Wood, of North Caro lina and Mr. -Miller of New Jersey, doubted the of Congress in. tint particular. HtitMeßeverdy Johnson, Mr. Calhoun, and Mr: Hunteril of Vir ginia, having carefully examined the subject, were clear that there was nath ing In'all of the prOceedings rellitilitS' to the establishment of the seat of Oovern ment to prohibit the retrocession of the ten-mile square to the States from which it was taken, or.any portion thereof. Mr. Calhoun, in particular, considered the right to remove the seat of Gover&• merit incontestable. He, however,'stateil that it frap - penetl'nt the Memphis 05n- Vetition, shady compos9dhf dik hundred members, possessed ofgreat Intelligente, I and representing alniostexchistvelythe interests of ,those who live,cli upon the soil, a resolution was offered-, recom mending a change , of the seat of.the General Government. A mostextrtuar. dinary • sensation I was 'produced, 'and when thertSefutionwassubmittedthere **one loudAiithedbVer*heltnifig "NO opposed ''tO; life 'atilitary' ,rice of the giver. . ' ' Since then, till now, the question.hat not been seriously-fru-lied. - The "int. stantaiseows process,' , which , Mr.' Scott -reckoned , ths' least'possible of : !f .11SN't was 'adtiltilb: . ninstql‘ ki , life by a,Coni cl gressional appropriation and-now " seminates laws.v.-Tiie."'seven larg boxes" . which: contained the archly are increased' by , many. thousand:tons; and the , personnel , has .tecOme• a real army The Preildent'SWife is mitnovr lost oft' fhp ' high-real& train 'Natifilnite* 'g o wn , it ifujlippithiableltillvelOalefte t' Ver ye, ;536;ItibgthiA v e e tite4a14 have to lodge in Para; or fly 4e cline election on account o I e destrue- 7.1111111 OE 1111.11. - a 1141 M wan e irerr4 wurtinin • VicoliklailWlStrnfthringbitthoMeaterp', trevalerslosttult • !.:., IP" 4 1 .41E1 0 9 "4. i • .tititiatta ••• kt tilett A i MIR • ' 2cNVIIMin N tt, I_2oa if d . A lo `'IW - lifiedVre§t k , J. filittlibriTikettetht -bilthrefiffeitin pohitbf pOissiatiohAp. lalnilWofl4gtatiftflppfs l e 4ffral4aVitt -; of ;&•ehriV pi:OVerd- fart licie 41tlinutlliedres.dn9 , bignt.iiamiticeth l ' 'Eten, after, kaleathe ataidity -eteminn9VoPlalPg wrih t hr •ttNrUzig44 l- Wttegitl re 4r 4 , ivhdthitt lOW etty• doonkE thirrCkild.lfor -thei itblnontit 1 61 PC/140 1 Ott itlJerl ll ,Yisliigle inkino r u p e7 a i nith ~Zers t: t 9 a . 'averunien mewh 'this te!' The , Ontielliihent reached ram lialtilefloYs, , toqlB343 sonleqs7sooooi her S.i.des:s2# o 4 l oQ,WerthSt . Ioto:YINF4 ?1• 941 veAll.iv,T),Or stiff hol4iTia pcks,lession. Against this,l(lovernine trittfAiffeielt 'tiAtes litid drhed• to' t 'city, Ili' All, SOO,OW ; lien ... local taxes, lame of which it pays, and which.Avotthllitive fllcgi?ntßtßsgtlSttlltiMes s4iinMellii If e t , WPFIP 'AP/ i n.! P./T 4 3 , ,4 1 4 e y. epx, tUrra, Tett -stihiti' btv - aceolaiit oftliepagt was not eneou:raging. Forth° tint ferty,years 'of its life, the growth ,4 1 411e.city As.reckonii at 550 par all, a,ra te pf increase blinogt . ilit- Worth • the citpitalof a single Arni , rl4Arr. Dur thetett years following 1810. a generalmnewalxaf tho public Buildings rwas.projecteil ,and, begun, upon u scale which shut out from the minds K moat men theldea 'llity•wouid eVer be alien defied. The 'Posted, the Treasury, the- Patent-office, , and above ' nth ' the I Capitol, weremade to loorn /JP 4.1 UM& APPile an- 1 reWqrflites (1 / 1 1 " - lug ,govennuen The result kord at dnce updn Ole ' ' ,7 l7lo , annuithinerease trebled, and aftdr ilBoliwas increased to 200t1 Permanent mulcostly buildings were the oyidences of.faith and or actjvity, until, in 1860, A ' aslilngton had over 60,000' pernile. e"Witr "aid more for Itthan'Simply `double theie. The place did not fall off, as,utts expected, after the cessation of AQl3gigeki 4114 the rePßval o f e f'4 9, 9P e • The worftman's house repine the sot dices tent. Street rallroadS'new afford convenience,' as the parks and lmb lfa . educate the taste .and (Affer-irecreatine, There, is . icommeme andincipientmanufaeturers. The finest school-house in the country indicates the change ; the ceritetery at Arlington' de lit.teS a portion of cost. The inVistments in property in Washington havegrown *yowl a hundred. millions, pa against the eighty millions Which the public line gtake. These It' Is prOpoiseol to throw 'lnto the sea. If the pubilegotrd reouirs It, it wW be rightly done. ..Tiut if the inotir-he a different one, 14 will be. felt by tlie,people, ps wa.s said in the Senate, that the man who could propose this change from personal considerations de serves the execration of the country. Na tional considerations alone should ; de cide llte she of the National Capital,— • ifai ß. e n4 gckgc lzo . 2e ' ' A' Visit to a ChinOse Silk Factory A cOrrespondent of the Cincinnati Commereliil writes from Canton : • I directed my guide, to take me into .the silk weaving streets. We soon en tered them. I at once dismounted to make a careful observation of their mo des operandi for the prodrietiOn of this renowned,. fabric - of - Oriental looms. Alt around nie-ttiar's.„ but 'silk. iti'small, dark houses little better than Iwels, were seen people,. chiefly women ,dying this delicate textile,. Out side, in . little filthy yards and pjg styes oiler the ground where the family swine were wallowing, were placed bamboo poles, whereon were hanging skeins of 'coleredsilkijustfrom thedye, and glow ing:with the most vivid hues, us they hung for drying in the Sunshine over 'the loaths some pools below. I visited several of 'their weaving shops. They were quite similar iu their fixtures. and arrangements. I spent some tine M examining one of the largest It, was, perhaps, one hundred feet long and about sixteen feet wide. The walls were of 'coarse clay blocks, sumdried, impierced by a single aperturelor air or right, save at the trout, whioh tirely open the whole breadth of the - building. The floor was simply of trod den clay,' uneven and untidy. An aisle rim down the centre, just wide enough for one person to pass ; on either side of this were ranged the neatest looms, and standing as close together as they could be placed. Two or three persons were employed on the work of each loom. The, looms are plain, common-looking affairs, al most precisely of the same, kind, as to appearance and mode of manipnlation, as were those upon which our grand mothers in Ohio used to weave the lin sey woolsey for the wear of us Western .boys, when even the preacher was al inoSt a stranger to broad-cloth. Squat ting myself down by one of these friend ly acquaintances of my boyhood; I lei surely watched the delicate and diligent manipulations of the weaver and his assistants, as their shuttles tleiv to and fro in the mazy mystery of figures and floVt-ers' that came gradually nut larger end plainer upon the glowing surfaceof the gorgeous fabric which,tbosc skillful workmen were there creating under my .eye. so complex were the habvements cif the Men on theSe simple lofting ma chines, and so marvellously' beautiful were the products resulting therefrom, , that I gazed with unbounded, ama.re ment upon this work of silk weaving as Lt prOgreftsed'before me. ' The 'weather being warns and the shop crowded, the workmemare almost naked., My visit interested them man ifestly, yet, not a loom ceased its (lick ing, clacking neitie, not a man left his empleynaent tct gaze, but I - detected them giving flittiVg 'glances and•eachanging mutual- smiles4mong thentselves.at the 'unions stranger. who bail thus 4-lucerP 4ruultuuslY, sqnatted hio <telf - olown hi their midst, by one Of these hurrible looking looms, on a contiribM dirt fiber, within hopa nev erthelessare OducedthOie inagniticent fabrics; which;for ages, and throughout the -wort* have been the pride of wealth, the envy of beauty, andthe admiration and desire of royalty. Par down, nearly . to the extreine limit of thislong room, Was . 'a plain board eotinter[exteittling quite across'the "MOM. - Behind it stood the-proprietor of.the factory, a smooth faced, richly,-glad over him the building was unroofed, therebyfalfording'spaciouS' Skylight; eXcept this, WiridoW- there' was none. Thtongir this skylight , and , down upon the center below,- the sunshine fell upon tho flnished...ivork of this dlttu,;dirty, '; l la l aP ' :i-tl in b g nsiTY' or 't s e l arinPo e fl' P e r nd peeking up the - products °this. ltiores: lamd,lart the sunlight streamed .full nponthe.gorgeous colors of those mtg. nificent silks, satins andlarocadea which the proprietor was tosaingalimit bit laW3.''rtudititicetit:seerned to My eyes, as I stood far up in.the.feeble light of the gerdre 9; tiap,rp97.4,p5,094.5 1 .1,, 1 2?•, - ere tosiing,alidtoyin47,v,ith-muibows. From 'places eo liurtihle ' and surielindingsso squalid aAhhiebhie those fabrics which -are to decorate palaces and toadorn•the persons.of princes and monarchs of the earth," Tratipmonn's Execution. " l'AUtS,.ian. gigot:Mon oftheinur dnier o thii Kipck swear took pads this cnt*d corritrieseed to gather'at - ati'egity' hour. 'The Stairold Was erected 'Nib* thg night; on the Place de lit Randelle - Beihrcidny e rt thismorn- Iftlid,s . the OM diemitiOner, tgs • 'tide ol sith taste ed. the lute to • 'Neck te;the p vii Waligetoietthe Orison gouda - 66A him in pgiskti - he' gbh af' TitOpiiitirtrioßkt varied pale tint' exalted; as it hating peesed trebtatlis night. Laying his'lW. Upon his shoulder, Heidenreich adtireseedis . sayingiagThon post touitte.'r .A iPercePilA , 4 llll idilitr Pvci.34lkilP ,mann's frame as these rrible words ware tttnititiiiikee and the iiinraimei , *fte4 to ..vti , .aoraphately last the diell-presesslon which clutractgEttodhhat timing his trial, I "Ms. Ninds were tieithithind - bie teaka Short '6lthiiilafzt to iestiithrolt tiosiatist tam :to 'mks , vesy. shell; at4a t i and the irzszerrrtrmrly tho.St i tibr 'Ns; 1 - o . fikety q In ateagit a ted Manner; 'his it: 'theAini pia& oil the'bhgeirt e pulleys *snit 'led find thif ate fell; the terrible histrnmentuot deittb *Waring the tie* the.magster.t , .: ; , .Att 7 Li. 4oL Abinesevnirtarof the :town se Ain Jose, Cal.i -has. heatitdestmyed. by beef rstn daring one thousand persons homeless. 1/ .1 L tp"wl .- 3. 1 ”1111,. , ... i lln etr ` o lkyncl;r ) lo ivrid 1d111 , 77 nOtb9ilflo . ) fli nalalltruq9ll oill 01 b• 11 NA )00 81 i4g r Atil...111Z ) Fyn! n ; 411 n isi c vr ian o ut ty-4 2 -i , at? 4 iPosSii4lt:; : thpert 4-,,Thrhot - inuturs-,1,,b jai ' .„I,••iffy. , --a:A uto - iIbSX,PP#S7/(-1(•1110 .I.i Olt I`Ji I W(1. ./Th'iliY(l4 r,o4, lls eg, g death i t, r. ntork, aa 'll papei"Wte 64' 'retiveti' ttie lialiaNnialaetotiat ptopogatefil4ithink{'ittu 2884 concern-, lhatiet.OPlldhotl.syttihtißil4 l 4Ar-qtAr , r a—ac tl „ Li tt la , 4;ef44,Put c ame l i nt° at a tioll t o • those of the Pfe6hltqlt-fitidlthCiverk. who•were toetie -Mho ladle:twic; 0 -all !off whom, Rxeept Aktisciil l 44.t4 l /4.,Plet .Wen. 4 1 , _filYT dy ir Atte §qh.t r hpru t _cor ? priey Re t zfit t e c'iirl i Pt%lll ll l4l lll ta!:ta r t i r that -he WiTifictlite.lirkitideitthyhithreats bf re- Algdatical ittbaxaettauhawthihirotherWlao ,LrOPIct; II IIVK I?,,b,eicla,lthONol4t of . o c!4 4 t' urr th - itaeont, p war Sven n se i States to' od the 7461116 h ; that though defeated , hilthfs by-the trea- SOtibt his ktskoointes, me- • ranted With a -high band *that Points: Of , BOhnd. hOliev ; _it:411t13,,,,,,...„4.4.4.1141P1aya of o ignn,m4trat on Nypialiktusted lie Vrotdotddihe r intereSts anti won 'the gratititrie of its enotinies. ' ( :This id the au.bataueeexpressed• in tuy towßiplqiiii#l;l,o44l,o-14,arty ,atateruehts nanqng'frop::yar n ioils sources E'Xtety3l , ll2- alnAgared atid an generally behoved If 'hot setei itentrusl feted thry are likely to be-received at authentic- histo sty- Theyar9.not ,only false, but they tnust ,Stait.to,n's rep ',it:alien; and tliey are grossly unjust' to 'others, &MVOs well' its ttm noetliti special defender of Mr. Stanton Und Ledrtainly would not ao saillsirm Before he fell away from the Democialiq faith 9urfrieudslilp was in 'tit:date 'and cl&se,. Tilers *as no separa thiii"afterWiirds except the. teritiratioh whitihls inevitatilelletween two persons .whO•tliliOn widely'on publicsubjecto lie lieved by both to .be vitally ituportatit. Our correspondence of latt summer and anti:vim (began by himself) shokvig' that - f -wts'ablete flitgive-him my particular share ofthorinjurydleohad.done to the libertieoqf ttle cou.utry,,aud he.had tuy Ito-# : good wishes for his future health andwelfare.' Ills piilltical attitude tow hdtainistration pre -Vlolls to his; appointinent as Attorney 'General is wholly misunderstood or else wilfully mistepre.sented.. He was fully with , us at 9vor3" Stage, ot ,the sCansas ouesticin, and nb man felt a More loath ' rng eciiiteMpt• than he dill fore The kna'very' ofthmabolitionitts in reftising to vote uponthe Lecompton constitu .tion,when.pothing buta vote was ueed d_9xPel PAaverY from the new State, atorthus termililite the ditphfa by'de -citling the'ttay which they them selves prelentled to wish.. --He wholly. !denied Ain Bollglos' -notions, and blamed him severely for the unrea sodable and Mischievous schism which 'he 'had created In the party: The KtloW-Nothingisni of Bell and Everett found no favor in his eyes. In the can vass-of IISGO lie regirdfd the salvation of. the country as liongmg upon the for- Mtn hope of Breckinridge's election.— We Mimi,' the abolitionists to be the avowed enemies of the -constitution and the Union, and we -thought the Repub licans would necessarily be corrupted by their alliance with them. As we saw the march of these combined forces upon the capital we felt that the consti tutional liberties of the country were in as much peril as Rome was when the Gauls were pouring over the broken de fences of the city. Whethei we were tight or wrong is not the miestion now. It Is enough to' say that Mr. Stanton shared these apprehensions fully, He more, that - A Oared them; to some extent be Inspired them, for he knew Mr. Lin coln persthially, and the deem:int he gave of him was 'anything but favorable. Tlie Gth of November came and Mr. Lincoln , was legally chosen President by-the, electoral machinery of the con stitution, though the majority of the popular vote was against him by more than a million. The question was now to -be tested by actual experiment whether a party which existed only 'in one section, and which was organized on the sole principle of hostility to the rights; interests and feelings of the other, could or would administer the federal government, in a. aig,hteous spirit of jus tice, or ~,b9t,ber,the,predictions of all our great statesmen for thirty years must be verified that the abolitionists when they got into power would - disregard their 'sworn 'duty to the constitution, break M.rwn the judical authorities and claim obedience to their own mere will as a " higher laW" than the law of the land. The danger was greatly aggravated by the criminal misconduct of large bodies in the South, and particularly in South Carolina, where preparations were open ly made for resistance. What was the federal t xectitiVe to ch; under these cir cumstances? Make war? He had neither authority nor means to do that, and Con gress wouhl notgive himthe-one or the other. Should he compromise the dis pute 7 He could offer no terms and make no pl ed geswh ch would not be repudiated by the new Adniinistiation. Could he mediate between the parties? Both would refuse his tunpirage, for both were es hostile to him as they were to one another. Nevertheless he was bound to do thein the' best service he could in spite of their teeth ; and that service consisted in preserving the peace of the nation. It was. his special, and most imperative duty not to embroil the in corning adrninistratiim by a' civil war whicilthis successor might be unwilling to approve or to prosecute. It was - un doubtedly right to, leave the President elect ansl his advisers in a situation where tbey could take l their choice be tween'compitnising'and lighting. In fast, Mr. 'Lincoln was in favor of the former, if his inaugural be any sign of his sentiments. The mind of no man was more, deeply Imbued with these opinions than slr, Stanton's. Thr 7 gUa never entered his head—certalnlY , tieoer ptiafied his lips— that the' President ought to make 'war upon tbe.fitates or put the whole people out of the protectaon of the laws, and expose, them all,to Indiscriminate slaughteras public 'enemies because some indivtduals'amonethem had done nr threatened to do.what was inconsistent with.: their. obligations ,to the United States. Ile knew very well that no such thing was either legally or physically possible. General Scott had reported officially thattiveeompanies constituted 'the whole available force - which could sent, to the South for any purpose of fensixa pr defensive. Is it possible that 'Mr:Stanton: would haVe undertaken to &Milder the South with bairn regiment? Howes thoroughly convincedthat a war ,that time. , of that kind and under those ..circumstances .would not only " fire the Southern heart . " but give to :fli'secessionists the sympathy of all the world' and ultimately insure their Suc cess, while it could not help but cripple, disgrace and ruin the cause of the Union. Ner did he feel pleasure in the anticipa- Alma of any eivil'Wer between the two sections' of - his ebraftry. Front the standpoint which -he then occupied . he said:. that :weir was, ;disunion; it was „Plead, conflagration,, terror and tears, pnbile, debt and general corruption of ntstrals, 'all' ending best riot in the Uhierr of the States butein the subjuga tion,Of some to the despotic will of the others. He was apt to take a sombre vievr, of, things, ,and he. looked at the dark side of this subject. The glory, Prtifif arid plunder,-the political distinc ,tton and pride of power whldh brighten it now, were not included in his pros spective survey. On the 20th of :November I answered the President's questions concerning his powers and duties ' holding that the-ordinances - of Sebessloh' were mere nuilitles that 'the seceding States were :and would be.as much in. the Union-as ever i,thatthe ; Fedeial live. w 4 pocuid ifte,re as well as elsewhere to exe cute the lawa; to hdlti the publie'proP r ertyanil colleet the revenue that if the , means.an& machinery furnifihed law for these purposes .were.inadequate he ,could,.. not adopt others and usurp powers which had. not: been delegated; thatii*lther the eiteeutive Mir ilegiala tivev departments had authority under the constitution to -snake War, urpod a Spate ; that the 4411 pi*er Might, be pce essary, tddi rig , the 441 ; 64 'initheritieelo execute the laws in eel teeth* the revenues, In defending Pr re taking4he ' public ;property but4mat in acts ctf' Indiscriminate •hostitagahast 44e i l opie. pf *4O. N '4 B Ale tOPPN'i '- . 24 110 4 ba,ll itilleexbeedsaa 41}, OP. /3 1 41 1 find*: 'ige4 44419e nouncid an fatitoit d not stultify himself by denying the plain (11: .9[lll/ tlid/3 -14,1 //1.131 7.1T1 901 111 71i0 Ml?* tthmwaki • • . non I, l , br it i4 . op, „ .., el 9 .., to tat T i ii ' per We 'PriiiiiidAltl,l4m. was • .. • . ' .. litiiirV i s hrittOlratia stiggilltelia , b3 . l in idlnie v lr'hitlasA, tmlatrii.. .vestirp4l , l , plaUtieditPritihUS* 3 ". .4.1 1 1 ar. , • I.: , ,the • . enr a • . iko.;,haOl Wilt . 1 r t ; . r. j Uitia 4 • liilikh' Ilitt , rt. ~,, far ar.oiltittirillieZdritftlafttils - m ,, ,:.%!,. alresilyAiptperadi he .itaqiUilite4 - 1 ", 9latratlallet,wlg9 rt tp icrq...i: . • ; We advtq 9 s ave epar e riuppOrted•by a effilltkUrMiit kb.. fahneiiitOnhi,'"tivitfeedi him of- hiriii *Wand 'that litirt of: the' rineßgolge% 7 '' Anwritten... l TheksilhiltaXtelk_l943Pl9 .2., ' 0,,reitd440x44,0:y*,44 43 ,..—,..- 1 enuor s ment,ni every i' 1i,... reed sed loir,inid` tlii; treb.tirient'lt -olight - to'reeelve. , • , 1 •!,”t-,: , ;•.i:- ..iji , / Sooreafter *his General CasS , retired.' ri I MO& r xeTterated. to, tai:e tho Sudo De-, parbecient and, Mr, Stanton was appoint , ed.At,torasy general updfi my o . to , cltiiirig; 'tried I Was innfillitietii" leaVtifle.eare 6fcertain'eattiiesponding in thoSuprerhe, ' Cpurt.tohn3h htmds hUtliis.,l,ll444W ...pulptlitent alone,. witliout ,uny r , tither .proof,, ought te..satisfy any reagetting 'mind that hil I'.have 'said' 'of ME Stith ' tardErtentlinena ninkt , bei tin& ' , Norman in. hia 'sober isenses man "Imilbetle that •I wouldhave urged, or thal.,Mr,..T3uellan-. an would have ina(4,, the, appolnAnent if we Ind not hoth•knotvit witirperfeet , certaility''ttint he it'teoll witlitiPetitire- . ly ori - thc)se'.•flindamentiii. • doct tines .p oonstitritibnal. law to:which. I We, Were catuAllittcd , , . Fhe, , faintest, f4i 4 ,/,4eth, 4 •°,f the contrary y.:oulti. have, pUt ine A.Lior ney Geneml'S ailed' itS fsr , ' beyond his 'MARI lis'thrlihroile.of France . . We took hint' flu" whatheiirofeatedtosbet—. a true friendi Of the Union ; a devout believer in the coustittitiou •; a faithful man, with would not, violate nis oath of offleee wilful' discibedienee 'te; the 111W:L ' I iii still convinced- that . he did not deceive us. If he abandoned those principleS in 1862 the cluing°, however sudden and unaccountable,, is not. satisfactory evi dence that lie was an Impostor and a hypocrite, in 18d0. He did not find Mr. Holt and General Dix contending alone (or contending at s. 11) against the President and the rest o the administration. Mr:Holt:on the dd orMareh', 1861, appendettto litgletter of resignation a strong • ex pressiOn ' of .his gratitude for the `liirm. and generotis support" which Mr. Buchanan had con stantly extended ,to him, , and . pays a warm tributelb clic "enlight'cluedatates manshlp and 'Unstinted patriotism" of - the mitgoing PreSident. Gen. Dix was ' not there at nil when 3Lr.litinitou came in. He was appointed a tnepth after . - Wards, when there was no ' digagreement in the Cabinet.* He took' up his tesi den de at the Pres ident's house as a mein bet of his family, and . remained there. during the whole time of his service us head of the Treasury Department. He performed his thrtres 'faithfully, firmly, and,in t ,a way which pet, with i universal atiprObatlon." T do not reeblleef that"he lied . one word of serious eentroadrsy .eitherwith.the President or with any body else. If, therefore,. Mr, Stanton Was at any time engaged,iii dragooning the President and ; heetbring his col leagues, he could not, have had itit..Fiolt and Gen.. Dix for his backers. ... • . There were disputes and. serious dif ferences ,pf Inapt" in the Cabinet (Mr ing the period of Mr. StantoWS service; but his slare n them has not been truly stated. I am not Nvrltitig the hiStory of those times, and thereforel say nothing of what others did or forbore to, except so far as may be necessary to show Mr. Stanton's acts and p,ml;i.sious in their true light. Before the election it was determined that the forts in Charleston harbor should be strengthened so as to make them impregnable. The order was given, but the execution of it was unaccounta bly put off, When General Cass ascer tamed that the delay Was acquiesced in by the President he resigned. Two weeksafterwards Major Anderson, com manding Fort Aioultre and apprehend ing an attack, threw his garrison into Fort Sumter. Simultaneously came certain commissioners from South Caro line demanding the surrender of the latter fort to the State. The character of the answer that should be given to the commissioners and the question whether Fort Sumter should be furnish ed wills men and provisions were dis cussed for three days, each day miming far.into the night, On the one side it was insisted that the surrender of the fortress'wes so utterly incompatible with our plainest duty that the, demand itself watt a Kress In sult- To leave aim a conditjort which would enable rebellous citizens to take It if they pleased was still worse, for that would be merely another mode of making the surrender, and aworse-one, because it would be fraudulent and de ceptive. Major Anderson should, there fore, he immediately so reinforced that "his castle's strength would laugh a siege to scorn," and then ho attack would be made. This last, instead of being dangerous, was the only measure that gave Us a chance of safety ; it would not bring pn hostilities, but avert there, and, if war must come at all events, the possession of Fort Sumter, which com mended-the other forts ; the harbor and the city, would, be of Incalculable value to the government of the Llnlon. To this there was abmtintely ho an swer,' eicept what consisted in saying that the fort could not be relieved with out difficulty and danger of successful opposition ; that South Carolina would take it as an affront and that It was tantanidunt to athreat of coercion. The replication was easily made : There Watt -no danger of even an attempt at resitt once to a ship-of-war, the statements made of .the hostile ,power were there brag ; South' Carcilina took offence, fit our preparation for the safety of our own men .and our own property she must already be in a temper to make recogni tion impossible ; and as to coercion, let her take care not to coerce us, and she would be safe enough. • At length.the.'President produced his decision In the form'of an answer to the commissioners. While it was far from satisfactory to the southern' Members it tilled us with consternation anti grief. Then came the desperate straggle of one alone to do. what all had failed to effect.. It was painful in the extreme but unexpectedly short and decisive. The President gave up his first ground, yielded the points' on which he had seemed most tenacious ;"thei answer to South Carolina was essentially changed, and it was agreed that Fort Sumter should have men and provisions. During these discussions Mr. Stanton was always true, but the part he took was by xio means a leading one. He said many times that he was there only that I might have two votes. Instead of one, On no. occasion was there the slightest conflict between him and me. He exhibited none — of the ' coarSeheSs which some of his latei friends have at tributed to him. He never spoke with out the greatest, respect for his col leagues and the profoundest deference to the President. .He said no word to the President about resigning. He told me that he would resign If I'did ; butwhen certain concessions were made to my wishes he expressek himself perfectly Satisfied, He ditlnOt furnish one atom 'of the iniltiMlCCWlildli broughtthe Pres ident round' on the answer M South Carolina. Nor did .he ever propose or earrymny, measure of his own, directly or indirectly, relating to the secession troubles. HenriifOraily professed Mle as' anxious for the preservation of the public peace as any man there: '• •' It Neould be a wrong to thememoryof Mr. Stanton not to add that, so,faras I know, he never to counteruinCe or encouragement to itcose fabidmiSatoties of his behavior. ' ' BIJACK. Ilnnvlsoncin,Ra., jap,14..,-pn Tuesda ' last the Grand Jury returned to the pre s sen term of thd Courtof Oyer and Terininer o thiscounty three Milan f indictment agabisl Gottlieb Bohmer and Albert„Yan .Borden T burg for the murder of John, t'SiOtcli Sarah Peightel "and'Scott Garr This morning the prisdnora were . lirringht-Inte court, arraigned according to, the forms of the law and a jury called and sworn, The trial will proceed tu-tnorr&W and - will prob 7 ably conclude on Monday or Tuebility next, and promises to be of unusual interest. The counsel who appeamil for the Common-, wealth were Milton S. Lytle, District. AG torney P. M. 'Lytle 'end - R.' 11. Petrikern The court assigned - R. Milton,Speek.and.S, T. Brown forth') defendants, ~i, vas,tmowd getprtioPle filled wort room, alleager 2.4. asight of the tiers . Van' SordenT burg, in Munk& gto .hie plea , • said very distinptly, "I am not guilty 1: ,r.tYlitle Bob' mer responded in a less audible ; forte of Voice. The petneand appedrance nf ' the prifsnlezalas improved axing their Mbart, cerltictir =lll -theti t s rouirPPo/ o rbettqc , 9t 'Ocianer.utlerist,l it'UraanheilgteY,W ere arrelited. They Can neftheWnretvesits placently as could. be possible underrthe circumstances. 11111 1 10 (gym) 19qcrui rlitqt-ft( IL 'grill The unntingdos Treired/ JUTE OP ADVERTISING. •cl De i r VAIMAPIMIE lyieftmar 4:III,IIMITAer .ApOr -nI J /ltpi e lgtraci l Ptft r rrig..ll.ft";Mql, P" th irrAtt*M4iiii*lis*Ati r a . Vg ,vmdtinlA Vittron om boq9a 4ictitißLltrarithialgtbrt6iltiViANd fr)h, ops.svcwarth m c. r ibluinwryip.l.toa uttientgtCAMageWirthst=i'' IZULW.46lgiestigak4-ginfq Eli uo=enw•,*(ror.il.z...a.s.u.l;,.:l[2:. Ultt , ttl er 97gAttitia • ..„;,.. ii..:.a1,3L/.2...5.u.;01)50 The Quarrel In the Aithq,aispgte- between nt the It 11167 ne 10 llutan I 1: tifts:Pgentiestia whanstliter.dar abroad eteakfelAs;wp ar 49L b i ll i cklre EV -4 1 1 1' i h ? n 144 reideladd bint i sthikli eh* etaelanktyfof thd Versdettatui eielY *OSA° 10s19, c o op. , sAn . or,war,Anth t Idate o' .'li lib MIN better ttittri , fi h e ll 41 drygoodibrtunailte.thrrerid 3tA9449 - PrR PPR* AAPPeII t‘obk Mon jutt, such temper, eeptreon knd titnal kffityitability that bythe !ptdebdal qualities they can naturalise the misferrimes by, their Also rfalatkons„tovotrols galther.' 'How Whin ff ckblectiti that all tvrs brte ship *Fendchlavidgins; bur Mendell may guess for.therhselves. The Pqn.Plat, VP° "4 Pfil,e,nFHl,l4. Opt s mere sE rA ttit n iaen grtottned, Or a tiara 'thin atii Id ntripe wlsiehiltralistitled by onartipg gd .bomeland be. quiet. Itank,,withita: ancompanying pay. priyi leges, and honors,' Is likuldue ;natter to a 'naval 'or milit rymanythe'wilybacterial dnwirddie ears .evdrlbtle to alter A long life L04)14 • ,11104 1, til, N yf ir JAvAto out,•iput new srak les woro created In bOulieqUeneo of tho enlarged size and duties of the navy, all. the line officers mitre. PrnMoted Rile or tyip dogrees p i The ,rict of Oengress made no speelal mention of the staff, but' It was taken Ibr granted' that the purpoee was to advance them dm-proportion., Ade:'then .t so. captains were, pronloted to he eomeao deres, * i d - surgeons engineffili; and"flay lnastein, ranking with captains; were ad algnpd relative rank with ()commodores, qu„tkreagh the .11at. T,at Coll gc:cm approved this interpretntiott' of 'the Tao'iv•Pvident from - the. fart that during night veers the Senate untiositattingly.eou- Arnle4‘?pfirlatimis romie in, accordance Valk ttn licit, a WhiSper of illegality 'was beard. B Tali soon Vico-Admiral Porter, who genenttir rOgOrded:Aa tug leader of the.linuiu the present-quarrel,, was placed in virtual charge e the nett; it 'ails dlseov bred thit all those prornotions'wero -All the 'surgeons, onghnors, paymasters, end ;, constructors, , were. , wusequently degraded, their 'pay being' at the' 'Shine time of course reduced, so that now the highest grade a staff officer can obtain is the assimilated rank of captain.— The senior staff officer on the active list has been forty-three' years in the service, and has: held his present rank nearly thirty eight years. , No captain in the line ,ancl only eight of the twenty-ft vo commodores hhve been 'l4O long In the service. But the question is not only, whether the stair shall have rank in proportion to the line, but whether' they shall virtually have any rank at all. The lino officers now. declare that they ought to take precedence of the stall on ail occasions, afloat and ashore. The eprkeo little itildshhhhan Just ant of school mast outrank the Burgeon who may have assieted in bringing hint into the world. Of course the executive officers in charge of a ship, must have anthority ovek all on board; nobody dleputeff that; but relative rank does not Imply a dividend. commend, .and i ttaa staff do net ask tluNt under any circum stnices they shall exercise tho powcre 'which properly belong to the line. • There are eartain..mysterious privileges o the cabin and the mess-table involved In this ContrOversy which we do not profess to understand and do not much care for. But It Bening to. tie that a oleo pf °dicers whose seryices are highly important to the country are subjected to a conteinptuoini treatment which would probably drive most kit them out of the service It they ,Were•Pot.ll l 4d, ed to It. by„ custom, or wore Burp of im mediate employment in civil rb.— Its h rule we don't believe. 'they art dango`rous and violent men who need to,be kept tinder. Wo don't believe , that niVilny end general disorganization will be the inevitable result of treating them' civil ,ly. We believe that their manners and : morals will not corrupt the fighting efileere wbo'seem so loth to associate with them, and their duties do not them for the society of gendemeu. A lino officer is ed ucated from boyhood for his special duties at the expense of the country. But our sur geons, our engineers, our paymasters, and our naval constructors we must got ready made. Wo certainly shall not get good ones =less we offer them some induce meet to serve us.—N. Y. 7'ribune. GEORGIA Legislative Proceeding--Outrage on Democrats—Wow the Democratic MaiOrley la to be Wiped Out-- Joy the Negroes. ATLANTA, Jan. 14.—0 n Wednesday the House remainned in session but, an hour and a half, and then took a recess until 12 o'clock yesterday. This was done so as to give the Radicals time to telegraph to Wash ington and consult as to what measure should be taken to keep thnenmerats from having a majority. At la-o'clock, yester day the House met and finished swearing in members. Mr, Harris read from the Speaker's stand an order front Messrs. Bul lock and Terry, appointing a military board of three to examine the antecedents of Democrats who had taken the oath, and re port as to elegibility. This created quite a sensation. The negroes at once Clap ped their .hands and the Democrats lookednon-pluased. Tho House then ad journed Until 12 o'clock, Monday, so a. 9 to give time totry the Democrats before the wins legion. The commission will of course unseat a number of Democratsand thereby give the Radicals a majority jest , what they have been working for.- The negroes aro jubilant, and say that their time has come to thin out those who thinned them out. The Conservative Republicans and Democrats say it is a gross and illegal out rariter the adjournment Mr. Bryant, a Re publican read a call for all men who op posed this high-handed measure to meet at the City Hall at 3 o'clock. Mr. Bryant has heretofore been one of the most extreme Radicals in the State. Many Democrats of Augusta, where he lives, would not speak to him, but thoy have changed now. At the Democratic Caucus last night they resolved to put themselves under the lead of Bryant and the Conservative Republi cans. At the City Hall meeting Bryant spoke one hour, bitterly denouncing the Blodgett-Bullock's wing of the party as plunderers. He unearthed some of their actions, and accused Blodgett of commit ting perjury, lie said that the oiganiza tion of thp Houso was caused by the Bled gett-Bullbck Illation to cover their-financial transactions. At the conclusion of his re marks a committee of ten was appointed, five RePublicans and five Democrats, to commit together add determine . upon a coarse of action. The Democrats have Lel gmphed fpr Linton Stevens to defend them before the Military Board. . The Admission of Virginia. WASHINGTON, Jan. 14.—Tho bill for the admission of the State of Virginia was dis posed of in the MOUSe this afternoon, after a fearful escape of, effervescence from ,the Radicals. Mr. Farnsworth closed the de bate on the bill and in fitting terms ad ministered a Bcatblngerdbuko to Mr. Whitte more, who' hisf night - introduced the Infa mous fabielood•Of Porter, of the Richmond district, against Governor Walker. During his remarks Mr. - Farnsworth refered to the fact that Pinker Wore-a ball and chain for four months by order of General Butler, when the latter was commanding at Nor folk. The previous question was then de manded and seconded and the question first recurring upon Mr. Whittemore's amend ment imposing a panalty,for false swearing was adopted by a vote of. I= to V. Tho question then recurred upon Mr. Bing ham's substitute for, the bill, which was adopted by a vote of 98 yeas, to 95 nays. The preamble was then adopttxl by a rising vote ; after whiCh the bill, as amended, was passod by II vote 0f143 to 49. IrIROINLA. DILL IN TILE SENATE. - - - - The Senate le atilt In BCBBiOll t4night on the Virgtnla US, but it ISdoabtfal whether a vote will be reached before tomorrow. ciovasnaon WALKER ••• eiPreasea hfmself much gratified with the result in the House, and• the event 'seernm to be a cause of general congratulation.. Ho home the Senate will pass the hill as It passed the Rouse, instead of Adopting Eiteitart's resolution, - which has been under .diagussiontor Several days. • . Divorces to Ohio. '•. D. 1866 the nninber of divorce* granted was as one to twenty-six of the number of •Mablage , s•: In 1867 as One to thirty; in 1858 atip7le to thirty three, andin , lBd9 as one to tsrantylfouri thd actual number of dlvOrces In. that. year being 156 greater, While the nu.mbar.of marriages was 4,821 ess than in the preceding year. Tho following table Shows the number and pauses' of diddreoft for Bde years 1865. /866..1843'7. 1868. 1809. Adultery .. ..-254. .389 317 233 249 Abiien6.2llegloct.23o 394 417 365 460 eraelty ' 199' 134 •' 182 114' 156 Drunkenness 48..!!79. 43 .08 84 Fraud.,.._.,.,, 18. 80, .10, .9 13 180 133 60 41 i,Totals .937.1150 975 847. 1003 „it is a somewhat remarkable fact that in 33.1 macs Where the custody'of children was dlagnted.,' the Mothers were succoseful, .while. only. (58 ' fathom , were considered f IYPTPIY, of the, charge., This is almost coinplete reverse of tho universal rule nt common law. • • . Slagular CouseorDeditltz. . Men sometimes die from very singular iMthett; blaeltsinith in Monticello, N. Y., 'recently' put a common wooden axle in his Are to Innonn the frau thimble Vont its ,outer edge, When, to Ids astonisnnaenh, it Vete up, _shooting jagged splinters in to h is body:. heath ensued'. It Ihappened' thus: The broken axle had been lying out in tho ,rata for Boma time, and was' pretty %or ' ougbly eatnrated:with. water, There la fro qquently Niu d derable cavity between tho thimhlp" and the end of the axle. the 'water had' ruated the bolt;screw' at the head Of ' thethithbla so 'to render itperfeetly 'dal:l4-01d the swelling of the' Web& had d•llar effect at theether'end; f Whith the moigara the,' elan:diet' ' thined -to steam and altertirards' to r pain the intense heat, an explosion was the natural result.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers