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THE LAN MIT •Dfg'gr4, o4 4* . A
published. , 7f.
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:PILICTIMELWEILL
The Journal -defpi .„l 4
tasteful loVbr Of t!enlirfhtd•TPll
lines. willtantPezdlii
M,Knoul thy Sidi& xe69i,"
My midnight dreamantre all Of thee;
Fo L n d a S t ra ff nrerlrott i cnna l lVnd ' l' 'l !
Ohein,that shilanygtosiovadhofxr;
..1:10W . s 4ft i
Vggi rgi v irdl i ft 7. 4 11.,10urp,h
n
Thhtihfiat Pittictlarptight
ave:rill tar Wan* tltDttghtatthlnh f
13 , 14);tir 4 . 3641 1 18 . ii; 11
Whate ; er May Ve tfOrthiftyg . liete;.
I:iudeltet InVoL4 n!Yfronirtliee "
°rill' ono bbont a; dentlo tour; ' ''•
AlayLblwgmillnintunfrom ItbOVlt . 1 .111 :
N eer' Pla ktri"_,fig t uMrgr.lig , "ertr
froin'th," gnrwljg soca depart. ;
FateWhlVl all drearrin
Hest thounno tender 'thought. of Me?' • re
stiMinek
y hopen like multmerbloo illepart;
But there'd
oft,
tiot'dle,
•Thy,holy metnoF
luny hdart p ,
d . •
No errn..that Pilo Dwell* atIP ly 011.
Auntlght to s lowa+ he givou, 1 .,„
light tylll II ve and flourish attli "
~
'Ad deathles s as a tidal; OtHEnVen!'
My soul greoln thine; urimitaked;tilisoughl,'.!
Rant thou' for manna gent.la•thodgllt •, -
Farewell ! fareb'ell toy, far-011 frlund ! , •
Between us Briny]; blue rivers
And forekta wave and plains extend, 1 • •
And Mountains hrthe sunlight glow? •
The wind that Menthe. upon, thy prow,'
In net the 01,111 that braatitesm; ndne,
The starbeanix shining no thee now
'Are not the bearrik that ore me shine, ' •
But memory's spell In With me yet—
Cann 3 t thou Ina hob: part forget?
The hitter tears that thou and `I •
May shed wheniiior la , itnixidAlitiowed, •
Exalted IMO the noontide uhy, • • ••
. . . .. ,
Muy n umt mO,llllllOO in. the cloud
Anil thus, my much i , ,,V1..1 Irlend, though ;we
Far, tar apart must' live cud MON', .
Our Huila, NO:en i Intl bath get them freii,' .
Can mlllOllll the world iif love
Thla Were an eestaey to tee—
Say—would IL he a Joy to thee ?,
,TT/J; BE.II:I:p , VL GATE
have rend anti dreamed of Oman k tai gala,
Moving on hinges of purest wad,
On the other sine of the River of Death
WhOgu watera are-dark, and dreary, and told
Many,hav'e reached that deep, dark Arena],
Ott ittl quiet brink to watch aud wait
For the inesNetwer pale, to hour them across
Ita wavelogA tide to the tiolden
Tho that one that left our household baud
Was ono who had eyes of deepeat blue, •
With a brdw no taletta the ratio sprlng
And a heart as pure lei the morals; dew.
Long she lay on a Imod of. pain,
Long, very-long, 111,1 we hope aud wall
My angel Miter, where Is she now?
She has entered In ut the Gohlen Gate
An angel gaunt, and Within her struts
She bore her :may to her hunto ttitore*
I caught the gleam of a glittering bawl,
And hoard Awret wordtt from it hymn of lost
But the angel gueat Noon value agaln,
And another one left our broken hand—
Another one panned through the ()olden '<tat.
Lute the hewn lihndng land. •
Mother, oh) mother, I erlocl In my grief,
How long on earth ninst I weep and wait Y.
fill It pleamothlind,'' a voice replied,
eall:thee he/110 through the Golden GM.,
Thuu one by one they all . passed away,
While inn left , lonely and degoiate
How I nometbne,4 yearn Yor the'angel to ram,'
And bear MO too through Ma Golden Gate,
In fancy . I see my mother's face,
And my gentle sister's violet eyes; ' " • •
And flit' rest that have left me, I see thein Um,
Looking down at me front the azure skies.
When the slanting rays of the netting sun
A glory of molten gold create,
A child's sort e•hiapw• reaelles my ear:—
" Wo are will thug for thee, at the Holden (late
When tee MI in 111 , ,V01: SOU th hi the aLILLIIIII.I sky
Awl the leaves their branches all forsake,
I kilos: nen! I like them will die,
And pass to nay rest through the 1 /ohlon Mite
ftlfsccllancous.
The Site or the Nathatal Capitol
Old residents of Washington, when
spoken to about the enbrts making to re
move the Seat of Oovernment, say,
"Oh, that is nothing; ru•e used to It;
we have he:u•d that all our lives." A
review of the struggle dots show that it
dates back to the foundation of the city.
Its phases are, moreover, full of lit,
Wrest, as local history, anll front the
glimpses which they give of the charac
ter and anticipations of our forefathers.
In the Convention which framed the
present Constitution of the United
States, at Philadelphia, on Wednesday;
ash September, 1787, Mr. Briarly, front
the committee of eleven, made :t report,
a part of which reads as follows ;
4. Immediately after the last clause
of Section 1, Article 7, insert, ' To exer
cise exclusive legislation in all cases
what-Dever over cul•h district not t•x
eeeding tort miles square, as may, by
cession of particular States, and the ac
ceptance of the Legislature, become the
seat of the Oovernment of the United
States; and to exercise like authority
over all platys purchased for the erection
of forts, mrgazines, arsenals, dockyards
and other needful buildings.'''
The foregoing quotation is front the
notes of Mr. Madison, who states fur
ther: " Ho much of the fourth clause
related to the seat of Government was
adopted, neat. con."—no one contra
dicting, or without debate. It accord
ingly became part of the eighth section
of the 'first article of the Constitution,
and is all which that instrument con
tains upon the subject. Hence in this
shape it passed to the first Congress,
which met at New York city, on the , ith
of March, 1789.
The Legislatures of Pennsylvania,
Maryland and Virginia, which States
comprised the entire area within which
It was thought the Capital could be
located, had each meanwhile passed
laws transferring to the United States
exclusive jtirisdietion over any district
within their respective States which
Congress might choose for the seat of
/overtime:it.
On the 3d of Sept unber, in the House
of Representative;, 'tr. Scott, of Penn
syltanla' moved :
" That a permanent residence ought,
to be fixed for the General Government
of the United States at same convetdent
place, as near as the centre of wealth,
population, and extent of territory as
may be consistent with convenience to
the navigation of the Atlantic Ocean,
and having due regard to the particular
situation of the Western country."
. .
The House at ()nee went inio Com
mittee of the Whole upon this motion.
Mr, Goodhue, of Massachusetts, intro
duced the following :
" Resolved, That the permanent seat
of the General Government ought to be
in some convenient. place on the east
bank of the river Susquehanna, in the
State of Pennsylvania; and that until
the necessary buildings be erected for
the purpose, the seat of Government
ought to continue at the city of New
York."
Mx. Lee, of Virginia, introduced the
following:
"Reivil»ed, That a place, as nearly
central as a convenient communication
with the Atlantic Ocean, and an easy
access to the Western territory will per
mit, ought to be selected and establiShed
as the permanent sent of the Govern
ment of the United States."
M====
upon the Banks of the Potomac ; and
t was so understood, and pitted against
the former proposition for the. Susque
hanna. The Eastern members of the
House were ag reed on the Susquehanna ;
the Southern members were agreed on
the Potomac. 'Plie two localities were
rivals for the second choice of the re
maining members, whose first choice
would perhaps have been for Philadel
phia.
le debate was vigorous and in
teresting.
Mr. Sedgwick, of Masmachusett.s, de
clared, "It is the opinion of all the East
ern States that the climate of the Poto
mac is not only unhealthy, but destruc
tive to Northern constitutions." He
thought " the centre and iniluence . of
government ought to incline to North
ern interests and a poor soil because
!inch parts are the nurseries of soldiers
and sailors, and the sources of that
energy which is the best security of the
government."
Mr. Wadsworth, of Connecticut, !',did
not dare to go to the Potomac. He feared
that the whole of NeW England would
consider the Union as destroyed,"
Mr. Ames, of Massachusetts, said :
".The Susquehanna, is the centre of com
mon convenience-West of the:Ohio
is almost an unmea,surable wilderness.
Gentlemen will pardon me if I think It
perfectly romantic to make this decision
depend upon that eircumstancelt
would give me ' uneasinesS''M think
that a hundred years hence it Would 'he
liable to be removed."
Mr. Vining, of Dela Ware;;
declare that 1. look on theWestein ter
ritory from an awful and striking: point
of view. rTo that region this unpolished
Sons of the earth-are flowing from all
quarters ; 'men to whom the protection
' of the laws and the controlling 'force bf
the Government are eqUallY necessary.
.Fiem this:great consideration , I "con
that;the banks of 'the' Pet:oMo Is
. utepropertit‘tion.". • ••: f•
:: .:Mr. Stone ,i of.lffaryland, Acid ;lAkiNv
the Potoniao, as I am informed,•connects
with the Ycrughiogeny, a river less
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Sates dtartimiattlVtiieVniq Itettittti,
alid*rrktbinihhiitldi'AW tthft,.
the' Mfr. i Vifgr e; Pte,e
.:" -
a lii9P44 ' s l.riseA: in..that.,W4y,!1,41
PonventitMotiVirgii}iiii Aand:kkmught
Abe•4Eola:rations; and. preceedinktaxif-this .
day . ritito victsti,l- as t!olieva-Vir
ginia inightittotthavetbeentd:tiartstift•the
Unit:9l at
BecitiViit'lierfniiyiyafiffiasid: "If
'lt 'vere
by.somc Insttuttan'tiehi' tit:begs, it ti:6111(1
be of,leiis,p,teni4ice. where the Gov
ern *lit
:
".There; was a. communication thy the
lunialmtvithairosul.actually laid out of
about,:forty miles; • httheo , yon:descend
the:Kiskinilnotrifitothe . Alleghany, and
theneeto Pittfiliurg,"is thirty miles."
Mr: tee nitit'ed strikeimit:',‘•,the!akSt,
batik' ortwity4f
use "1114,A041,)i , :k0c tirtho iivet P.o
tOntae,!;.W,hielt Wasrlost and after .sev
eral dayslctinlirOYeritii, uuii numerous at
tempts:to changelts tenor,:., the original
Su.squehanim, ,:restiLution• Agismad- the
HOUSee by, a:I-kite-of to 47, and was Si)
sent .to the:Semite: • • '
On the tttlforEtepteinherthe'bill came
lack:from the Seinde, where it had been,
a:intent recoryled debate, anienthA to
read : district of teu mile pi square,
bounded on the Sonth.bynline running
pandlol'at one mil.e's distance from the
city of Philadelphia." . •
Thereon mg:mat:deal of wrath was ex
pended in the House, which refused to
concur in the amendment;and the Mat
ter droppeil,for the sesaiqn. The action
of the,Senhte :WassleterminLitt, after a tie
vote iu,that b6cly, the casting vote of
the Yiee.Preaident, Mr.. Adams, but for
whom Om Oupitol.of the United States
would now.stand "on the banks of the
Susquehanna," probably at Wrights
ville, inYork-county, opposite 'OOltini
On the 31st of May, 1790, a - bill was
Introduced in the Senate by Mr. Butler,
of. South Carolina, "to determine the
permanent Seat Of Congress and of the
Governinentot the United States." This
bill passed the Senate on theist of July,
providing "that's district on the river
Potomac, at some place between the
mouths of the . Eastern- Branch and
Conococheape, be and the same is here
by accepted for thepermanent seat of
the Goveriamtret of the thii ted States."
This washy', a vdte of 14 to 12, and, as
before, with Out recorded debtite. The
bill further Preyided that the temporary
seat of Government should be at Philo
delphia until the ..yeas 1800, buildings
meanwhile:to be prepared on- the Poto
mac. Efforts were madeto keep it at
New Yolle till 18110; tllll.7fti," WI 1702,
but all wlthoutiMil.
The PriSident was directed to ap
point commissioners, who ; under his
direction, should survey and purchase
lauds within the District for the capital,
and provide the necessary buildings.
He was also, for defraying the expense
of "such purchases and buildings,' "au
thorized and 'requested to accept grants
of money."
The acceptance referred to in the bill
related net only to the phraseology of
the Constitution, but also to the act of
cession by the Legislature of the State of
Maryland. The Maryland Legislature
also granted $72,000, and the Virginia
Legislature $120,000, in pursuance of the
suggestion contained in the bill. So the
bill went to the House.
Mr. Sherman, of Connecticut, at once
moved to strike out the Putomacand in
sert " a district to include the town of
Baltimore."
Mr. Burke, of South Carolina, prefer
red Baltimore. "There was no politi
cal necessity for removing from New
York to Philadelphia. The measure
would excite the most turbulent pas
sions in the minds of the citizens of 7 ..1s ew
York." He spoke in handsome terms
of the State of Pennsylvania. " He had
as high an opinion of the peeple of that
State as any man whatever ; but he was
afraid of their influence. A Quaker
State was a bail neighborhood for the
South Carolinians."
Mr. Lawrence, of New York, " ad-
verted to the funding bUShICBB, and very
strongly intimated tlutt these and other
important matters which remain to be
decided on were to be determined ae- ,
cording to the fate of this bill." 1
Mr. Madison ; of Virginia, said: "It ,
is not in our power to guard against a
repeal. Our nets are not, like those of
the Medes and Persians, unalterable. A
repeal is a thing against which no pro
vision
can be made. I am not under
apprehensions of repeal; but if danger 1
of repeal does exist, it is of that kind
against which we can not guard.''
Mr. Gerry, of Connecticut, said: " It
appears pretty evident the advocates of
the bill are sure of a majority ; it is very
evident that it has had a very pernicious
influence on the great business of fund
ing the public debt." He ridiculed the
idea of fixing the Government at Con-'
ococheague ( just where it is now). "He
did not think there was any serious in
tention of ever going to that Indian
place. Ile considered the whole busi
ness us a mere manonivre."
Mr. Hartley defended the Quakers,
"remarkable for their moral laws, for
the plainness of their manners, and
-their benevolence. Nay, should the
gentleman go to Philadelphia, he will
find that these people will treat him as
well as any . other so.elety."
Mr. Page, of Virginia, with Primitive
credulity, remarked: " There is not a
city in the World in- which I would
sooner trust myself and Congress than
in New York ; for it is superior to any
place I know for the orderly and decent
behavior of its Inhabitants.' ,
Mr. Gerry, of Connecticut, continued:
"That taking so southern a situation
[l. e., as the Potomac] would amount to
a disqualification of many of the Nor-
them membeN, who would forego their
election rather than attend the National
Legislature on that river."
But the "determined majoriiy " of I
which he spoke had their way neverthe
less ; and on the Bth of July, 1700, by a
vote of 32 to 29, the bill became a laW.
Whence the-majority came from is a '
curious piece of semi-private history.
The references 'to 'the " Assumption
Bill" are full of In ., » i n g. In the com
pilation of Hamilton's writings it is
stated that; " it being ascertained that
ill a certain contingency there VMS a
majority in favor of tits Assumption in
the other House, a bill finally passed the
Senate providing that the seat of Gov
ernment should remain at Philadelphia
until the year 1800 ; and that it should
be permanently established, after that
time, near the Potomac—a decision in
which regard to the perSongi wishes of
Washingtomhad Weight."
This may be true, but notsueh weight
as the : "contingency." however. Mr.
Monroe wrote from,. Virginia to Al r
Madisep 1. ".The .Asspmption will be
dislikedlier6iinder any shape it can as-
sume. I believe, hoWaver, a satisfactory
adjustment of the other business [the
.Potomac] would make this [the As-',
sumption] more palatable here." But
fors, full explanation we must hearpli.
Jefferson. , : •
" This game was • over, and • another
Was on the carpet at the moment of my
arrival [froth Fran cc to become Secre-
tdry of State]; and 'to this l' Was most
ignorantly and innocently made to hold
the Candle. This , fiscal measure was
.known by the : name of the Assumption.
Independently of the debts of Congress
the States had, during the war, eon
traeted
separatemid heavy debts. This
money, whethet ' Wisely /or foolishly ,
spent, was pretendedte have been spent
forlgeneral,,piiites'es; :MK : ought there
fore' to tie ,p t ild - frotri 'the gine* parse.
This Me,lisnte ~ predneed . :, - the MOO
bitterantt angry qoittest . 6 . er, known '
Ino• ICOhgrees, ,, betake.. 4r: ~ , since: the
Union of: the S4tteri , !; J . arrived :in the
midst alit. ,ThitiastrangertothegroUnd,
a Stranger by the.actors melt-'.so long ab
sent es to have lost all familiarity with
the subject ;
. and as • yet unaware - Oita .1
'object.=-4: Mole-fib' eontern init.' - Us
great : and trying ipieetioti; however,'Whe
lost in the House of-ItePreseritatlVes---
So high were the - fedds excited by, this
sub getthat on its rejeetion business Was
sus . MO. . Congreas Met and . ttiljeurti
iii
ed. ' '' .driYtb day Withrmt 'doing 'Any
thing, the partieS heingtoo Mach too '
temper ',4,6 'do :be:Shims ‘tegether.': . The
Eastern ' ineirthere :'particularly, who
*Allipq ti4CrOalh*, - Were the
twitthi. , ,EEP 4109 ,4 4 ,.tike5. c ,- seeeee,
mreatenea. a , secieleToti ~antl;xlisealution.
' Hamilton -was In despair. , As I was
going to the President one day I met
--- --------- .--,.....
Itti irViralk i: • ..4 P'
. •
.p a«. . ,-.- ' i e aof ' 0 4, 1 1 z. 1".
4; • ' •0Rti.....” 6 •'' ". ',1''.441. ! FL
cool o o concerti f tbau ). 'si c ' -...:• 41 ,
]ffailhillg elin4N•Plajw., , .J;doiti , a&al. -1 -
,i,fk i - 0,-)AtuftEifirmecoArtlmately ~ reatedoutd
„that all; of,,,ns should •ittligatittlaxmilrilriM,
laid stipphrt.4 . ithjointi worts mettailtials
px
ApproovedibY himl.andtilattlieAuekt .
Invving , 4seeii lok' bg 4 1- sinulr !PP
- only - --*ltgVittilitibtili'lltaV'4ri':
6 is) 3 i 713. 045'Ae 'AU, Am eat iji tit ti 4 reAi 0
01.A°_,t "Or AY, Alo#l n/ 1 0.4' WS9.t. la
:P4P,i4 . is tPP,Pten-AW . ttP4-10M4S.Pf
_Ewyekiii v i,pw2.o34 , megaedt,„4lg,ht
, again Sot ~inaton,, iltoldliim tW,
'-I . 'NAL-really a ,stranger sto the:-whale
subject; tintti:not having - yetinfarthed
myself ofltheaystenT of lintMeeetuilept&l,
I knew not this' was-a nedekilit7
sequence';' that, utidribbtedly,!'ff
,It.til'i•e
, dection endangered it'idissolutyi,:6l our
Vidciti'nftliit 3 , l 4 l filehtgibigi,iol{i4uild
',olden]. ttiat3lte most.tinfortnnate ,pf4il
Obliseenences;, tZ T S,3.7eit Willeh. all partial
and temporary evils ,should be Tielded.
I I proposed to him, however,' to slide
.with ane the next day, and iwould an
-vile another, friend or two, bring them
ltdo , confereitee together,'and 1 thought
'lt-impossible that reasonable men' Con—
*thing together Cooly, cohld ' fail' 'by
sonic tnntual 'sacrifices of opinion to
form a ethnprcimise which Was to save
the Union. The discunstou.took place.
I could take no part in it but ad exhorta
tory one, because I was a stranger to the
circumstances which should govern it.
But it was finally agreed that whatever
' importanee had been attached to there-
Jection of this proposition, the preserva
tion of the Union and of a concord
among the States was 'utbre.important,
and that therefore itwonidbobetter that
tip: vote of rejectionshoolti be resei ailed,
to effect which 861.11 Q ;members should
change their votes. Bath was observed
that this measure would be partinularly
bitter to the Southern States, and
that some concomitant measure should
be adopted to sweeten it a little to
them. There had before been 'proposi
tions to fix the seat of governineut either
lit Philadelphia or at Georgetown on the
Potomac ; and it was thought that by
giving it to Philadelphia for ten years,
and to Georgetown permanently after
ward, this might, as an anodyne, calm
In some degree the ferment which might
be excited by the other measure alone.
So two of the Potomac. members White
and Lee, but White with a revulsion of
shanach almost convulSive),*reed to
change. their votes, and liaTiltOn un
iiertoilo carry, the.other paint., In do
ing this, the influence he had. estab
lished over the Eastern members, with
the agency of Robert Morris with those
of the Middle States effected hieside of
the engagement." to "twenty millions
I of stock were divided among favored
States," and the Capital went to the Po
tomac
The above is from Jefferson's diary.
Lato', in the letter to Washington, he
adds: "I was duped by the Secretary of
the Treasury, and made a tool for for
warding his schemes; and of all the
errors of my political life, this has occa
sioned me the deepest regret,"
A later law, at Washington's sugges
tion, so changed the boundaries as to
include a portion pf Virginia with the
town of Alexandria.
How far Washington had engaged In
tbis contest does not appear, although
the project was at the tune denounced
as his " hobby-horse." It it said the
spot attracted him during his early life
while surveying, and that he afterward
encamped there during Braddock's
campaign against rho Indians. It is
certain that he entered on the work with
vigor, and that he did not gvow less San
guine. Commissioners were appointed,
and in March, 1791 he writes to the Sec
retary of the Slate:
" The terms entered into by me, on
the part of the United States, with the
land holders of Georgetown and Carrot Is
burgh are that all the land from Rock
Creek along the river to the Eastern
Branch, and so upward to or above the
Ferry, including a breadth of about a
mile and a half, the whole containing
from three to five thousand acres, is ce
ded to the public on condition that,
when the whole shall be surveyed and
laid off as a city (which Malor L'Enfant
is new directed to do,) the present
proprleters shall retain every other
hit ; and for such part of the land as
may be taken for ieubliense, Infsonares,
lots, eto. ; they shall be allOWed at the rate
of £25 per acre, the public having i
the right to reserve such parts of the
wood on the land as may be tlinught
necessary for ornament; the landhold
ers to have the use and profits of all the
grounds until the city is laid off into
lot 8, and sale is made of these lots which
by this agreement becomes public prop
erty. Nothing is to be allowed .for the
ground which may be occupied as streets
and alleys. To these considerations all
' the principal landholders have agreed,
and it is not doubted that the .fow who
were not present will readily come into
the measure, even the obstinate Mr.
Burns."
The refractory personage last men
tioned was pealed to by Washington,
explaining olf im the advantage he was
resisting; o all which he replied : " I
suppose you think people - here are going
to take every grist that comes from you
as pure grain; but what would you have
been if you hadn't married the widow
Custis ?" ,-
The Father of his Country had no
more to say. But the Maryland Legis
lature was in tarn too much for Mr.
Burns. The laws of Maryland were to
have. force within the District until Con
gress Otherwise provided, so they went
on to enact, that " whereas some of the
proprietors of lots, as well assomp of the
proprietors of lands. have not, from im
becility and other causes, come into any
[the above] agreement concerning their
lands thereforey the Commissioners
were by law vested with the title to
their lands on the• same terms with the
. rest.
it does not appear that at this time
Washington knew that the city would
be celled•by his name. A few months
latter the Commissioners, Johnson,
Stuart, and Carroll, wrote to Major
L'Ehfant, the French engineer who
had been employed to lay out the city :
"GEORGETOWN, September 9, 1791.
"Sin,—We have agreed that the Fed
eral District shall be called The Terri
tory of Columbia,' and the Federal City
'The City of Washington ;' the title of
the map will therefore be, ' A Map of
the City of Washington, in the Territory
of Columbia."'
In 1792 Washington writes: " It is
with pleasure I add, as my opinion, that
the roots of the permanent city are
penetrating deep, and spreadiligfar and
wide. Tho Eastern States are not only
getting more and more reconciled to the
measure, but are beginning to view it
in a more advantageous light, as it re
gards their policy and interests." In
1799 he writes The Federal City, in
the year 1800, will beeometheseatof the
General Government of the United
States. Ins increasing fast in buildings
and rising into consequence ; and will, I
have no doubt, from the advantages
given to it by nature, and "its proahruty
to n rich interior country_and the West
ern territory, become the emporium of
the United States."
Mentiorywes , made in the Senate' of
“ fifteen years since the Government re
moved here, during the fimt yeart of
which period' there prevailed,; not only
in Ihis country, 'but fill , over Europe, a
degree of entlundasm .bordering 'upon
madness respecting the future destines
of tbiametropolis..” •
Difficulties, however, attended the
whaleundertaking, and calamitous dis
aster overtook it; The French engineer,
L'Enfant, was found' to be as touchy as
he was thought to be talented, 'and wits
proportionately troublesome. At the
first sale allots the rumor was industri
ously spread that Cortgrea' s'never*ffid
remove' to the 'Potomac, - but would
Main at PhiladelPhia." In, I.792:WaSh
lirgtbn wrote the Commid toners,
that unless great actiYity prevailed, their
whole previous labor might be lost.-- 7
Later he was obliged to make.residence
on the spot a sine 'guano:xi-with the
Commissioners. The watiV.of Money
wits severely felt. The $269 0 600 subscrib
ed: by NirgMisi and Mary land *as all
expended: ' r in 1790 Congress authrirlied
and gu . arMiteed ' a loalf- "'toy the
00mMWsia#*; 'of . $800,006,; , but the
monelr; - ,,Waa not - MY .be..;'b4d.", e
State of..',Attityhind" -
tOnhi ,peniii)*l toot - Ilia;
of it ; but required the Ooininiadoners
to add their individual guarantee to that
MEOMZI
3 !Ai11 . .: v: v : ...174 1) . . ?•:'' •;" 44 1
E, • ei: - .. o• • -ref'? A • •
-49- .•
' 714 ' . ' . ' .."" ' - ' ' " •
• , : • *
.., i i i, D tke,As;esn & t ot . s• •- :,
re, • , , crwityygotkle likkilloi .itilditnge
-made ' WASlrellaVrtote.thr 1,.. ~ , voLIC.,
ea laith geheafbrattneis did inot.farir so
•:. 4.1.1 0 ret nitfe'ldevefillittinfiliik -M/biltif
4i • '''' •f ' 'l , Mittair Of! : I 1 . ,f. tifir, :, ~ r. , ltd.:
1 ...„. q i , ..ie):ip: A:'..?l-7..:
~,,T . : .
..7.7 * , :i ..-
fta,i3 ? di . ' :-- 1 - .P . fl i t: ''. l'e
-ißeee,intd ~ , : ~ w e . opB4 i n ,..., 4 _
idisidwita x , - i%wriffddieroodway ,tai nbe
lbuiltancianpt id/ma/Hl:in/ft twit/62nd
And Teter* theclty) fl'o'dne-half 13f the
trenfibiti . Of"Vitind . thri"Uttitcd
13tititet?"
_iftWerfllt , ertlittit,Oikent.
i it 1 i , 303 < 4 C,Y,1 6. .k. • : I ”•TbeetrkTe
Iqo.rt a : i) ,-4 - ,ptilc4 o4 :,..,A g t „.
-EPim.mq..,0z44.4,44 -413 t, u 4 .° 4
.bent •41414w.•and 4ffitttasiagileafO6 ooo
lets at.s6o.eaclifikattsin3'nsfr,theee , partite
ibecarne4nsplyant.rhatlngifccotitpllithed
~ tici yllttle;mnltongrowaof brick houses
-weretoireneneeclatotheir e rintisbetween
- theAtiperdtkitineVlintyl 7tirill,:•toid-fOr
*tiff
.i•lini• ) l.lle."chittirieyi'reiniihiett
W 4 OitiOdtheidg ti r gih'llent.4' . dt .
- AIL' ' ' ',44;4:::1:14*,,P!#.4 of
1311wgr9,1.43,w5t5A../gr?onde 'Of
~WswhiliOon- , next.4eorgetewn, dit -001 , -
eial timer ,the:fewicents pen: square .foot
•themacarit property is :worth in 1806, It
liweurnmt , that the lion. •Daniel Carroll,
one of the Conimlissioners; , •ithe'ewiied
Most Of Cattbi Hill; abbut one'tlilict of
'the'eityip Sett an efferbfs2o6,ooo from
•Stbpheri Ginfird hint otherafor, every al
ter/44i let, rtAd' 'debt/Ada $1,000,600
for' th e Orue. AI4O, that; he died insolv
ent, leaving, the., propertY, . vacant, and
$18,060 unpaid city taxes. , This is the
old fable of the boy's hand imthe jar ;
but still, "the' main reason for its slow
-growth in the first forty yerrs: is to be
-found ln-the uncertainty which so long
existed'es to its being'the permanent
'seat of the Government." •
, ... ,
In,lBoo, during the I'rekldency of the
'elder :Adams, the transfer was effected,
the executive offices being 12n/toyed to
Washington in June. It was not a very
formidable tranafer, so far as persons or
materials,mere.eoneerned. , The "Oldest'
Inhabitant" assures. me that a single
"packet" sloope•breught all theoffice
furniture of the Departments ! ' besides
the " seven large boxes and four of five
smaller ones" which ' contained' the
"`Archives" of thegovernment: :Fifty
four persons' comprising the President,
SecretarieS, and the clericel'Airce choSe
their own method of conveyance.
The cornerstone was laid. by Wash
ington, in, Iff93._ Up :to 1812 only the
wings had been completed, :and ' work
.was suspended. during .the war.', After
the destruction of the 'interior by the
British, 111'1814, &building , was erected
for atempcirary Capitol. - Phis building
was used' during . the war of BeeeSaion as
It prison, and was known as the'Oldtap
itol Prison. It ha.i received Some niter
aliens, and is now Used, as,dwellings.
The original Capitol was completed. in
182.5. , ~Thecornerstone of the extension,
which constitutes the main• portion of
tile present Capitol, was laid on the 4th
of July,lB6l, by President Fil more,' upon
which occasion Daniel Webster deliver
ed one of his most eloquent orations,
and deposited under the cornerstone a
document In his own handwriting,
which reads.
If, therefore, it\shall hereafter be
the will of God that this structure Ethan
fall from its base, the its foundations
g,
shall be upturned, an the deposit be
neath this stone brou tto the eyes of
men, be it then known that on this day
the Union of the United States of Amer
ica stands firm, that their Constitution
still exist unimpaired; and with all its
original usefulness and glory, growing
every day stronger and stronger iu the
affections of the great body of the Amer
ican people, and attracting more and
more the admiration of the world. And
all here assembled, whether belonging
to public or to private life, with hearts
devoutly thankful to Almighty God for
the preservation of the liberty and happi
ness of the country-, unite In sincere and
fervent prayers that this deposit, and
the walls and arches, the domes and
towers, the columns and entablatures,
now to be erected over it, may endure
forever. God save the United States of
America i"
The comfortable (martens and good
living which Philadelphia afforded were
not abandoned for the backwoods with
out severe discontent. On the 4th of
July, the Secretary of the Treasury, Mr.
Wolcott,gives his impressions in a let
ter to his wife :
" The CilPito/ in nituntod o rni
fleece, which I shOuld suppose was near
the centre of the immense country here
called the city. There is one good tavern
about forty rods from the Capitol, and
several other houses are built and erect
ing; but Ido not perceive how the mem
bers of Congress can possibly secure
lodgings, unless they will consent to
live like scholars in a college, or monks
in a monastery, crowded ten or twenty
in one house, and utterly secluded from
society. The only resource for such as
wish to live comfortably will, I think,
be found in Georgetown, three miles
distant, over as bad. a road in winter as
the clay grounds near Hartford.
" I have made every exertion to secure
good lodgings near the office, but shall
be compelled to take them at the distance
of more than half a mile. There are in
fact, but few houses in any one place,
and most of them, small, miserable huts,
which present an awful contrast to the
public buildings, The people are poor,
arid as far as I can judge, they live like
fishee, by eating
. each other. All the
ground for several miles around the
city, being in the opinion of the people,
too valuable to be cultivated, remains
u n fenced."
President Adams arrived with his
family in November. On the2sth Mrs.
'Adams Wrote to her daughter, Mrs.
Smith
" I arrived here on. Sunday last, and
without meetlhg with any accident
worth noticing except losing ourselves
when we left Baltimore, and going
eight or nine miles on the Frederick
road, by'which means we were obliged
to go the'other eight through the woods,
where we wandered two hours without
finding a guide or the path. Fortunately,
a straggling black came up with us, and
we engaged him as a guide to extricate
us out of our difficulty ; but woods are
all you see from Baltimore until you
reach the city, which is only so in name.
Here and there is a small cot, without a
glass window, interspersed 'among the
forests through which you travel miles
without seeing any hymau being.
6 IU the city.• there :are, buildinw
enough, if they were compact and fin
ished, to accommodate Congress and
those attached to it ; but as they are, and
scattered as they are, I ace no great com
fort for them
" If the twelve years in which this
place has been considered as the future
seat of Government had been improved,
as they would have been in New Eng
land, very many of the present incon
veniences would have been removed
It is a beautiful spot, capable of any
improvement, and the more I view it
the more I am delighted with it."
John Cotton, Santa, a member front
Connecticut, wrote 'also:
" Our approach to the city was accom
panied with sensations not easily des
cribed. One wing of the Capitol only
had been etected, which, with the Presi
dent's house, a mile distant from it, both
constructed with white sandstone, were
-shining objects In dismal contrast with
the scene around them. Instead of
recognizing the avenues and streets por
trued on the plan of the city, not one
I was visible, unless we except a road,
with two buildings on each aide of it
called the New Jersey Avenue, The
Permsylvania,leading, as laid down on
paper, from the Capitol to the Presi
dential mansiorr, -was then nearly the
whole distance`a_ deep. morass covered
with alder-bushes, which _were cut
through the width of the intended ave
nue during the 'then ensuing winter.
" Between the President's house and
GeorgetoWn 'a bleck of houses had been
erected, which then bore, and may' still
bear, the ; name Of the Six .Buildings.
There were also two other blocks, con
sisting of two or, three dwelling-hohses,
in . different ,direetions and now :and
th e n an insulated wooden habitation ;
the intervening spaces, and, indeed, the
surface of the citrgenendly, being cov
ered With 4714.4,'64p&f1iNis oh the' high
er grounds,, a n y on the marshy soil
eithoitrees or, some sort. Of shrubbery.
No; Wag Akfi ' esolete asPft9t thqliwe
a little augmented by a number '.o un
ihdaluad edifices at ,GreculeArs..Point,
and on , an eminence a snort dia.-
tanco - from it, commented by an indi
vidtial whose name they bore but the
date of - whose compelled,. hind, to
liEstiaon,flieni, not tent.funfinisitedtlltrt
in a ruinous condition- 2 ' '
" One of the blocks of buildings at
GI noqu
I=nlM4
I,[l , faumaicurse - ioo
• , TIMM=
liVvAyi i ;EP, RanNtedoalai , &
mastaf triptiviintent ti l . dk ji. r it itnilkio j
iartriipmtobeing-
Vedsbymattinecktmnotstersalethl•
Ihdtd" adirMElliaated . 1 : : • 'll . l4l:enri
' al • -, !1' 7 a
o,,im
.r:,.. 4 1 . , . .
44i
M I,
r
P,WP_ r thaPti,fsP . A.c. ! . . ,;
-. o-.lor/ 2 19 'Ohio KR '' UK
_, reseTh I
T o onotta/AftylaW‘pete -Dantwolloll-i
mond,:nrallarlsesold4::efakkatiMetlent.
!Speaket- , :gaelgoviek hvemallophod asiatido,
todilittrolftdtbleroistrofkrAAtiblilllfiivoViol
- excietiotiviettama , vOiltimtta , ;., ,
wm . alifiiivolitzuotisiiiiirk ~
vied , Otrrtrri - T'''Wfie, 'Se
-all ..,i,,triew*o... ti., 3 , .-tw.d., ;lois;
,:ar.fous,:tititioyay.4l4..ixatial,;44,we;
,W.eXe.atiOndeflAY , Xiet \te - IMIL fAthOil'
-sorvenia... t, hirgeiproportiOw of: Saab-,
ern members tookraoligings 4 at.ul. 36 r ,
town (which ithoughtof a ottopervor o er,
were threet mileedistant - tront , the:cl4l-,
tol,-;andWof icaursti , rendered the!. ddt
'empleynient'ofhienty .coa,-ellcs4:(i'apis
'pe,nsiLble.• • """- ''' ' ' ' ,..-:. , -... .
' `NotWithgtiihdigg.,llo - _,.l.tilT4o,ratile ,
.404 whia , 'CV41 1 44! -0 4:PTOqut9 .4 6iP,
lopr arrly'a,l, reanaio . , Illeoentlyexpreas
ony gdmiration of ita .10Cal. positietl-n-L- ,
Whenever.,•during the idx years .of-My
.Connection with Congress,' the question
of remcivingthiLsetit •of Gocurntuentifo
:Mind uther platso ' was' ngittotedand the
•prtipo l Sltien was - fropently made--I
:stiipdhlritostalone.; .q . ' a"Northen ' Man.
riiigii/ng ray i:litp'td,tiMitidgatlye * f t =:'.
I 'The ' - 's"ces,th or, hytohizigOil:i , :;ll' . vitYl;
I spared him if knowledge p' ;s disenii
.ltent., He had anticipated hal:direction
rif it should at any; time exist. :Perhaps
'his death also load eheckedthepreparn
dons., libp,lmemory •may • have &leo
cheeked the'dgitatiom for , removal, hilt
in 1808,'It Wa. , 4 openly renewed by 'a bill
for the temporary remOyaT of the Gtfir
erntfient to Ardtfintire, - Which ,tr.
Wright, of Maiyhunl, IntrOdnepd.lti the
Senate, avowedly, as a; spur to the inhab
itants of Washington, anti Mr- Jackson,
of Georgia, denounced as. a "bill to
frighten the women and, children"
of the city,- .and calculated to , de
feat the very purpose ''of the motor.-=-
Mr. Anderson, bf •I'rerthesiee,' 'Was th
favor of the bill, buCtiltowed that' '''" ln
stieh an event an obligation would'arise
to Indemnify , the proprietors' for the'
losses they weld thercb,y siisydri," r lit*
Sohn Quincy Adams,. of 41.assaelnisotts,
considered the measure, as Inexpedldnt
as it was LlUCOnlitittltiAtlaik Mr. Daytol3,
.of New -Jersey, said- If •a. removal took
place, Congress wasbound to Indemnify
the proprietors, . Mr. Jackson said rap-.
ther : " The Vine would come, though
he hoped to OW roelther his dilldreh
nor his children's children would Itv'e .. ft:
see it when the population on tills side
of the Mississippi would pass that ricer,
and the seat of Government would be
translated , to :' its , bSr i kSU ifeenturies
would, however, elapse lieftimtirat Ipe
adod arrived, , liar....Nue}ay, of Pentisy,l,-
yenta, contended that no constitutional
obstacle did exist. Mr. Adams hislated
further, that from the foundation of the
Constitution until the removal df the
Government to this place, but. one sen
timent had existed, which was that the
seat of Government, once fixed under
the Constitution, became the neriniitient
seat. The preponderance of opinftin
was against Mr. Adams, but the boll , was
nevertheless lost by a vote of 18to 0, and
and Congress resumed its migrations
between Georgetown and the Capilbl.
About this time Sir Augustus Foster,
the Secretary of .the British Minister,
gave his view of the feelings by which
the powers that be were actuated :.
"Che richer and more respectable
members of Congress had, for the most
part, always inclined to vote fdr return
ing to Philadelphia, or selecting some
other town of practical importance ; hat
every such proposal had been distasteful
to the majority, it Using in a great rneL.4-
ure composed of rough and unfa.shioned
persons, to whom it is of consequenceto
be in a place where they could. he at
tended to inure than in a large city,—
This majority had usually found sup
port in the Government, so long com
posed of Virginians, who liaturally
preferred Washington to any remoter
situation, but the removal could hardly,
he apprehends, have been avoided,: but
for the determined personal opposition
of Jefferson. This President alleged as
his reason the danger of throwing open
again a question so difficult and delicate
as that of the choice of the seat of Gov
ernment."
In 1814 there was trouble again. The
city had been captured by a force leas
than half that which diagracefifily fled,
and the public buildings were alt sacked
and burned, with many private houses.
Congress assembled in September. The
situation of the city at that time is thus
described : "Twelve or fifteen cluster'of
houses, at a considerable distance from
each other, bringing to our recollection
the appearance of a camp of nomad
Arabs, which, however, if connected to
gether, would make a very respectable
- town, not much Inferior, perhaps, to the
capital of Virginia, and here and there
an insulated house; the whole of it,
when seen from the ruins of our public
edifices, looking more like the place
where proud Washlngton once stood
than where humble Washington now
lies."
Mr. Fisk, of New York, introduced in
the House a resolution of inqry ui into
the expediency of removal. Tlic' conn
try, he said, was alarmed for the safety
of Congress—it was necassary that some
steps should be taken.
Mr. Lewis, of Virginia, hoped, by
rejecting it, an end would be put to sim
ilar attempts hereafter, "and that the
good people of this District would be
permitted to continue their improve
ments here without the dread of being
sacrificed."
Mr. Macon, of North Carolina, said
that " if the seat of Goveriunent was
once set on , wheels there was he saying
where It would stop."
Mr. Oakley, of New York, said AWLS
true a removal might injure individ.uals,
but he presumed no gentleman in the
House would hesitate to make a fair
and liberal compensation by tray of in
demnity to such sufferers.
Mr. Stockton of New lerSey, felled on
the fifth section of the ,COnstitutionto
prove his position. It is theAeproylded
that " neither House shall, withpa the
consent of thnother, adjourn for more
than three days, nor to any other place
than that in which the two houses stfall
be sitting." This Mr. Stockton said,
" expressly admits and regulates the
general power of removal."
The debate continued several days;
the old ground Was gone over, the propo
sition negatived by u vote of 83 to 74,
and the rebuilding set vigorously on
foot.
The corporation ofAlexandria, In 1804,
memorialized the. Legislature of,.Vir-
Onto, asking its consent tothe retroces
sion of so much of the District as.•had
been taken from'that State.' The Leg
islature at once and by a unanimous
vote, approved tie proposition; and In
May of that yetir's bill to that effect
passed the House of • Representatives,
after an animated debate, in which the
question of constitutional power viasnot
seriously raised. In the Senate, how
ever, the debate turned largelY on that
point. Mr. Hay Wood, of North Caro
lina and Mr. -Miller of New Jersey,
doubted the of Congress in. tint
particular. HtitMeßeverdy Johnson,
Mr. Calhoun, and Mr: Hunteril of Vir
ginia, having carefully examined the
subject, were clear that there was
nath
ing In'all of the prOceedings rellitilitS' to
the establishment of the seat of Oovern
ment to prohibit the retrocession of the
ten-mile square to the States from which
it was taken, or.any portion thereof.
Mr. Calhoun, in particular, considered
the right to remove the seat of Gover&•
merit incontestable. He, however,'stateil
that it frap - penetl'nt the Memphis 05n-
Vetition, shady compos9dhf dik hundred
members, possessed ofgreat Intelligente,
I and representing alniostexchistvelythe
interests of ,those who live,cli upon the
soil, a resolution was offered-, recom
mending a change , of the seat of.the
General Government. A mostextrtuar.
dinary • sensation I was 'produced, 'and
when thertSefutionwassubmittedthere
**one loudAiithedbVer*heltnifig "NO
opposed ''tO; life 'atilitary'
,rice of the
giver. . ' '
Since then, till now, the question.hat
not been seriously-fru-lied. - The "int.
stantaiseows process,' , which , Mr.' Scott
-reckoned , ths' least'possible of : !f .11SN't
was 'adtiltilb: . ninstql‘ ki , life by a,Coni
cl
gressional appropriation and-now "
seminates laws.v.-Tiie."'seven larg
boxes" . which: contained the archly
are increased' by , many. thousand:tons;
and the , personnel , has .tecOme• a real
army The Preildent'SWife is mitnovr
lost oft' fhp ' high-real& train 'Natifilnite*
'g o wn , it ifujlippithiableltillvelOalefte
t' Ver ye, ;536;ItibgthiA v e e tite4a14
have to lodge in Para; or fly 4e
cline election on account o I e destrue-
7.1111111 OE 1111.11. - a
1141 M wan e irerr4 wurtinin
• VicoliklailWlStrnfthringbitthoMeaterp',
trevalerslosttult • !.:.,
IP" 4 1 .41E1 0 9 "4. i
• .tititiatta ••• kt tilett A i
MIR • ' 2cNVIIMin N tt,
I_2oa if d
. A lo `'IW - lifiedVre§t k ,
J. filittlibriTikettetht
-bilthrefiffeitin pohitbf pOissiatiohAp.
lalnilWofl4gtatiftflppfs l e
4ffral4aVitt -; of
;&•ehriV pi:OVerd- fart licie
41tlinutlliedres.dn9 , bignt.iiamiticeth l '
'Eten, after, kaleathe ataidity
-eteminn9VoPlalPg wrih t hr
•ttNrUzig44 l- Wttegitl re 4r 4 ,
ivhdthitt lOW
etty• doonkE thirrCkild.lfor -thei itblnontit
1 61 PC/140 1 Ott itlJerl ll ,Yisliigle inkino
r u p e7
a i nith ~Zers t: t 9 a .
'averunien mewh 'this
te!' The , Ontielliihent reached ram
lialtilefloYs, , toqlB343 sonleqs7sooooi her
S.i.des:s2# o 4 l oQ,WerthSt . Ioto:YINF4 ?1• 941
veAll.iv,T),Or stiff hol4iTia pcks,lession.
Against this,l(lovernine trittfAiffeielt
'tiAtes litid drhed• to' t 'city, Ili' All,
SOO,OW ; lien ... local taxes, lame of
which it pays, and which.Avotthllitive
fllcgi?ntßtßsgtlSttlltiMes s4iinMellii If
e t , WPFIP 'AP/ i n.! P./T 4 3 , ,4 1 4 e
y. epx, tUrra, Tett
-stihiti' btv
- aceolaiit oftliepagt was not eneou:raging.
Forth° tint ferty,years 'of its life, the
growth ,4 1 411e.city As.reckonii at 550 par
all, a,ra te pf increase blinogt . ilit-
Worth • the citpitalof a single Arni , rl4Arr.
Dur thetett years following 1810. a
generalmnewalxaf tho public Buildings
rwas.projecteil ,and, begun, upon u scale
which shut out from the minds K moat
men theldea 'llity•wouid eVer be alien
defied. The 'Posted, the Treasury,
the- Patent-office, , and above ' nth ' the I
Capitol, weremade to loorn /JP 4.1 UM&
APPile an- 1 reWqrflites (1 / 1 1 " -
lug
,govennuen The result kord at
dnce updn Ole '
' ,7 l7lo , annuithinerease trebled, and aftdr
ilBoliwas increased to 200t1 Permanent
mulcostly buildings were the oyidences
of.faith and or actjvity, until, in 1860,
A ' aslilngton had over 60,000' pernile.
e"Witr "aid more for Itthan'Simply
`double theie. The place did not fall off,
as,utts expected, after the cessation of
AQl3gigeki 4114 the rePßval o f e f'4 9, 9P e •
The worftman's house repine the sot
dices tent. Street rallroadS'new afford
convenience,' as the parks and lmb
lfa . educate the taste .and
(Affer-irecreatine, There, is . icommeme
andincipientmanufaeturers. The finest
school-house in the country indicates the
change ; the ceritetery at Arlington' de
lit.teS a portion of cost. The inVistments
in property in Washington havegrown
*yowl a hundred. millions, pa against
the eighty millions Which the public line
gtake. These It' Is prOpoiseol to throw
'lnto the sea. If the pubilegotrd reouirs
It, it wW be rightly done. ..Tiut if the
inotir-he a different one, 14 will be. felt
by tlie,people, ps wa.s said in the Senate,
that the man who could propose this
change from personal considerations de
serves the execration of the country. Na
tional considerations alone should ; de
cide llte she of the National Capital,—
• ifai ß. e n4 gckgc lzo . 2e ' '
A' Visit to a ChinOse Silk Factory
A cOrrespondent of the Cincinnati
Commereliil writes from Canton :
• I directed my guide, to take me into
.the silk weaving streets. We soon en
tered them. I at once dismounted to
make a careful observation of their mo
des operandi for the prodrietiOn of this
renowned,. fabric - of - Oriental looms. Alt
around nie-ttiar's.„ but
'silk. iti'small, dark houses little better
than Iwels, were seen people,. chiefly
women ,dying this delicate textile,. Out
side, in . little filthy yards and pjg styes
oiler the ground where the family swine
were wallowing, were placed bamboo
poles, whereon were hanging skeins of
'coleredsilkijustfrom thedye, and glow
ing:with the most vivid hues, us they
hung for drying in the Sunshine over
'the loaths some pools below. I visited
several of 'their weaving shops. They
were quite similar iu their fixtures. and
arrangements. I spent some tine M
examining one of the largest It, was,
perhaps, one hundred feet long and
about sixteen feet wide. The walls
were of 'coarse clay blocks, sumdried,
impierced by a single aperturelor air or
right, save at the trout, whioh
tirely open the whole breadth of the
- building. The floor was simply of trod
den clay,' uneven and untidy. An aisle
rim down the centre, just wide enough
for one person to pass ; on either side of
this were ranged the neatest looms, and
standing as close together as they could
be placed.
Two or three persons were employed
on the work of each loom. The, looms
are plain, common-looking affairs, al
most precisely of the same, kind, as to
appearance and mode of manipnlation,
as were those upon which our grand
mothers in Ohio used to weave the lin
sey woolsey for the wear of us Western
.boys, when even the preacher was al
inoSt a stranger to broad-cloth. Squat
ting myself down by one of these friend
ly acquaintances of my boyhood; I lei
surely watched the delicate and diligent
manipulations of the weaver and his
assistants, as their shuttles tleiv to and
fro in the mazy mystery of figures and
floVt-ers' that came gradually nut larger
end plainer upon the glowing surfaceof
the gorgeous fabric which,tbosc skillful
workmen were there creating under my
.eye. so complex were the habvements
cif the Men on theSe simple lofting ma
chines, and so marvellously' beautiful
were the products resulting therefrom,
, that I gazed with unbounded, ama.re
ment upon this work of silk weaving as
Lt prOgreftsed'before me.
' The 'weather being warns and the
shop crowded, the workmemare almost
naked., My visit interested them man
ifestly, yet, not a loom ceased its (lick
ing, clacking neitie, not a man left his
empleynaent tct gaze, but I - detected them
giving flittiVg 'glances and•eachanging
mutual- smiles4mong thentselves.at the
'unions stranger. who bail thus 4-lucerP
4ruultuuslY, sqnatted hio <telf - olown hi
their midst, by one Of these hurrible
looking looms, on a contiribM dirt fiber,
within hopa nev
erthelessare OducedthOie inagniticent
fabrics; which;for ages, and throughout
the -wort* have been the pride of wealth,
the envy of beauty, andthe admiration
and desire of royalty. Par down, nearly .
to the extreine limit of thislong room,
Was . 'a plain board eotinter[exteittling
quite across'the "MOM. - Behind it stood
the-proprietor of.the factory, a smooth
faced, richly,-glad
over him the building was unroofed,
therebyfalfording'spaciouS' Skylight;
eXcept this, WiridoW- there' was none.
Thtongir this skylight , and , down upon
the center below,- the sunshine fell upon
tho flnished...ivork of this dlttu,;dirty,
'; l la l aP ' :i-tl in b g nsiTY' or 't s e l arinPo e fl' P e r nd
peeking up the - products °this. ltiores:
lamd,lart the sunlight streamed .full
nponthe.gorgeous colors of those mtg.
nificent silks, satins andlarocadea which
the proprietor was tosaingalimit bit
laW3.''rtudititicetit:seerned to My eyes, as
I stood far up in.the.feeble light of the
gerdre 9; tiap,rp97.4,p5,094.5 1 .1,, 1 2?•, - ere
tosiing,alidtoyin47,v,ith-muibows. From
'places eo liurtihle ' and surielindingsso
squalid aAhhiebhie those fabrics which
-are to decorate palaces and toadorn•the
persons.of princes and monarchs of the
earth,"
Tratipmonn's Execution. "
l'AUtS,.ian. gigot:Mon oftheinur
dnier o thii Kipck swear took pads this
cnt*d corritrieseed
to gather'at - ati'egity' hour. 'The Stairold
Was erected 'Nib* thg night; on the Place
de lit Randelle - Beihrcidny e rt thismorn-
Iftlid,s . the OM diemitiOner,
tgs • 'tide ol sith taste ed. the lute to
• 'Neck te;the p vii
Waligetoietthe Orison gouda - 66A him in
pgiskti - he' gbh af' TitOpiiitirtrioßkt
varied pale tint' exalted; as it hating peesed
trebtatlis night. Laying his'lW. Upon
his shoulder, Heidenreich adtireseedis
.
sayingiagThon post touitte.'r
.A iPercePilA , 4 llll idilitr Pvci.34lkilP
,mann's frame as these rrible words ware
tttnititiiiikee and the iiinraimei , *fte4 to
..vti , .aoraphately last the diell-presesslon
which clutractgEttodhhat timing his trial, I
"Ms. Ninds were tieithithind - bie teaka
Short '6lthiiilafzt to iestiithrolt tiosiatist
tam :to 'mks , vesy. shell; at4a t i and the
irzszerrrtrmrly
tho.St i tibr 'Ns; 1 - o . fikety
q In ateagit a ted Manner; 'his
it: 'theAini pia& oil the'bhgeirt e
pulleys *snit 'led find thif ate fell; the
terrible histrnmentuot deittb *Waring the
tie* the.magster.t , .: ; ,
.Att 7 Li. 4oL
Abinesevnirtarof the :town se Ain
Jose, Cal.i -has. heatitdestmyed. by beef rstn
daring one thousand persons homeless.
1/ .1 L tp"wl .- 3. 1 ”1111,. ,
... i lln etr ` o lkyncl;r ) lo ivrid 1d111 , 77
nOtb9ilflo . ) fli nalalltruq9ll oill
01 b• 11 NA )00 81 i4g r Atil...111Z ) Fyn! n ;
411 n isi c vr ian o ut ty-4 2
-i , at? 4 iPosSii4lt:;
:
thpert 4-,,Thrhot - inuturs-,1,,b jai '
.„I,••iffy. , --a:A
uto - iIbSX,PP#S7/(-1(•1110 .I.i
Olt I`Ji I W(1.
./Th'iliY(l4 r,o4, lls
eg, g death i t, r. ntork, aa
'll papei"Wte 64' 'retiveti' ttie
lialiaNnialaetotiat
ptopogatefil4ithink{'ittu 2884 concern-,
lhatiet.OPlldhotl.syttihtißil4 l 4Ar-qtAr ,
r a—ac tl „ Li tt la , 4;ef44,Put
c ame l i nt° at a tioll
t o • those of the
Pfe6hltqlt-fitidlthCiverk. who•were toetie
-Mho ladle:twic; 0 -all !off whom, Rxeept
Aktisciil l 44.t4 l /4.,Plet .Wen. 4 1 , _filYT
dy ir
Atte §qh.t r hpru t _cor ? priey
Re t zfit
t e c'iirl i Pt%lll ll l4l lll ta!:ta r t i r that -he
WiTifictlite.lirkitideitthyhithreats bf re-
Algdatical ittbaxaettauhawthihirotherWlao
,LrOPIct; II IIVK
I?,,b,eicla,lthONol4t of
. o c!4 4 t'
urr th - itaeont, p war Sven n se
i States to' od the 7461116 h ;
that though defeated , hilthfs by-the trea-
SOtibt his ktskoointes, me- • ranted With a
-high band *that Points: Of , BOhnd. hOliev ;
_it:411t13,,,,,,...„4.4.4.1141P1aya of
o ignn,m4trat on Nypialiktusted
lie Vrotdotddihe r intereSts anti won
'the gratititrie of its enotinies. '
( :This id the au.bataueeexpressed• in tuy
towßiplqiiii#l;l,o44l,o-14,arty ,atateruehts
nanqng'frop::yar n ioils sources E'Xtety3l , ll2-
alnAgared atid an generally behoved
If 'hot setei itentrusl feted thry are
likely to be-received at authentic- histo
sty- Theyar9.not ,only false, but they
tnust ,Stait.to,n's rep
',it:alien; and tliey are grossly unjust' to
'others, &MVOs well' its
ttm noetliti special defender of Mr.
Stanton Und Ledrtainly would not ao
saillsirm Before he fell away from the
Democialiq faith 9urfrieudslilp was in
'tit:date 'and cl&se,. Tilers *as no separa
thiii"afterWiirds except the. teritiratioh
whitihls inevitatilelletween two persons
.whO•tliliOn widely'on publicsubjecto lie
lieved by both to .be vitally ituportatit.
Our correspondence of latt summer and
anti:vim (began by himself) shokvig' that
- f -wts'ablete flitgive-him my particular
share ofthorinjurydleohad.done to the
libertieoqf ttle cou.utry,,aud he.had tuy
Ito-# : good wishes for his future health
andwelfare.' Ills piilltical attitude tow
hdtainistration
pre
-Vlolls to his; appointinent as Attorney
'General is wholly misunderstood or else
wilfully mistepre.sented.. He was fully
with , us at 9vor3" Stage, ot ,the sCansas
ouesticin, and nb man felt a More loath
' rng eciiiteMpt• than he dill fore The
kna'very' ofthmabolitionitts in reftising
to vote uponthe Lecompton constitu
.tion,when.pothing buta vote was ueed
d_9xPel PAaverY from the new State,
atorthus termililite the ditphfa by'de
-citling the'ttay which they them
selves prelentled to wish.. --He wholly.
!denied Ain Bollglos' -notions, and
blamed him severely for the unrea
sodable and Mischievous schism which
'he 'had created In the party: The
KtloW-Nothingisni of Bell and Everett
found no favor in his eyes. In the can
vass-of IISGO lie regirdfd the salvation
of. the country as liongmg upon the for-
Mtn hope of Breckinridge's election.—
We Mimi,' the abolitionists to be the
avowed enemies of the -constitution and
the Union, and we -thought the Repub
licans would necessarily be corrupted by
their alliance with them. As we saw
the march of these combined forces
upon the capital we felt that the consti
tutional liberties of the country were in
as much peril as Rome was when the
Gauls were pouring over the broken de
fences of the city. Whethei we were
tight or wrong is not the miestion now.
It Is enough to' say that Mr. Stanton
shared these apprehensions fully, He
more, that - A Oared them; to some extent
be Inspired them, for he knew Mr. Lin
coln persthially, and the deem:int he gave
of him was 'anything but favorable.
Tlie Gth of November came and Mr.
Lincoln , was legally chosen President
by-the, electoral machinery of the con
stitution, though the majority of the
popular vote was against him by more
than a million. The question was now
to -be tested by actual experiment
whether a party which existed only 'in
one section, and which was organized
on the sole principle of hostility to the
rights; interests and feelings of the other,
could or would administer the federal
government, in a. aig,hteous spirit of jus
tice, or ~,b9t,ber,the,predictions of all our
great statesmen for thirty years must be
verified that the abolitionists when they
got into power would - disregard their
'sworn 'duty to the constitution, break
M.rwn the judical authorities and claim
obedience to their own mere will as a
" higher laW" than the law of the land.
The danger was greatly aggravated by
the criminal misconduct of large bodies
in the South, and particularly in South
Carolina, where preparations were open
ly made for resistance. What was the
federal t xectitiVe to ch; under these cir
cumstances? Make war? He had neither
authority nor means to do that, and Con
gress wouhl notgive himthe-one or the
other. Should he compromise the dis
pute 7 He could offer no terms and make
no pl ed geswh ch would not be repudiated
by the new Adniinistiation. Could he
mediate between the parties? Both
would refuse his tunpirage, for both
were es hostile to him as they were to
one another. Nevertheless he was bound
to do thein the' best service he could in
spite of their teeth ; and that service
consisted in preserving the peace of the
nation. It was. his special, and most
imperative duty not to embroil the in
corning adrninistratiim by a' civil war
whicilthis successor might be unwilling
to approve or to prosecute. It was - un
doubtedly right to, leave the President
elect ansl his advisers in a situation
where tbey could take l their choice be
tween'compitnising'and lighting. In
fast, Mr. 'Lincoln was in favor of the
former, if his inaugural be any sign of
his sentiments.
The mind of no man was more, deeply
Imbued with these opinions than slr,
Stanton's. Thr 7 gUa never entered his
head—certalnlY , tieoer ptiafied his lips—
that the' President ought to make 'war
upon tbe.fitates or put the whole people
out of the protectaon of the laws, and
expose, them all,to Indiscriminate
slaughteras public 'enemies because some
indivtduals'amonethem had done nr
threatened to do.what was inconsistent
with.: their. obligations ,to the United
States. Ile knew very well that no such
thing was either legally or physically
possible. General Scott had reported
officially thattiveeompanies constituted
'the whole available force - which could
sent, to the South for any purpose of
fensixa pr defensive. Is it possible that
'Mr:Stanton: would haVe undertaken to
&Milder the South with bairn regiment?
Howes thoroughly convincedthat a war
,that time. , of that kind and under
those ..circumstances .would not only
" fire the Southern heart . " but give to
:fli'secessionists the sympathy of all the
world' and ultimately insure their Suc
cess, while it could not help but cripple,
disgrace and ruin the cause of the Union.
Ner did he feel pleasure in the anticipa-
Alma of any eivil'Wer between the two
sections' of - his ebraftry. Front the
standpoint which -he then occupied . he
said:. that :weir was, ;disunion; it was
„Plead, conflagration,, terror and tears,
pnbile, debt and general corruption of
ntstrals, 'all' ending best riot in the
Uhierr of the States butein the subjuga
tion,Of some to the despotic will of the
others. He was apt to take a sombre
vievr, of, things, ,and he. looked at the
dark side of this subject. The glory,
Prtifif arid plunder,-the political distinc
,tton and pride of power whldh brighten
it now, were not included in his pros
spective survey.
On the 20th of :November I answered
the President's questions concerning his
powers and duties ' holding that
the-ordinances - of Sebessloh' were mere
nuilitles that 'the seceding States were
:and would be.as much in. the Union-as
ever i,thatthe ; Fedeial live. w 4
pocuid ifte,re as well as elsewhere to exe
cute the lawa; to hdlti the publie'proP r
ertyanil colleet the revenue that if
the , means.an& machinery furnifihed
law for these purposes .were.inadequate
he
,could,.. not adopt others and usurp
powers which had. not: been delegated;
thatii*lther the eiteeutive Mir ilegiala
tivev departments had authority under
the constitution to -snake War, urpod a
Spate ; that the 4411 pi*er Might, be
pce
essary, tddi rig , the 441 ; 64
'initheritieelo execute the laws in eel
teeth* the revenues, In defending Pr re
taking4he ' public ;property but4mat in
acts ctf' Indiscriminate •hostitagahast
44e i l opie. pf *4O. N '4 B Ale
tOPPN'i '- . 24 110 4 ba,ll itilleexbeedsaa
41}, OP. /3 1 41 1 find*: 'ige4 44419e
nouncid an fatitoit d
not stultify himself by denying the plain
(11: .9[lll/ tlid/3
-14,1 //1.131
7.1T1 901 111 71i0
Ml?*
tthmwaki
• • . non
I, l , br it i4 . op, „ .., el 9 .., to
tat T i ii ' per We 'PriiiiiidAltl,l4m.
was •
.. • . ' ..
litiiirV i s hrittOlratia stiggilltelia , b3 .
l in
idlnie v lr'hitlasA, tmlatrii.. .vestirp4l , l ,
plaUtieditPritihUS* 3 ". .4.1 1 1 ar. , • I.: ,
,the • . enr a • .
iko.;,haOl Wilt . 1 r t ; . r.
j
Uitia 4 • liilikh' Ilitt , rt. ~,,
far ar.oiltittirillieZdritftlafttils - m ,, ,:.%!,.
alresilyAiptperadi he .itaqiUilite4 - 1 ",
9latratlallet,wlg9 rt tp icrq...i: . •
;
We advtq 9 s ave epar e
riuppOrted•by a effilltkUrMiit kb..
fahneiiitOnhi,'"tivitfeedi him of- hiriii
*Wand 'that litirt of: the' rineßgolge% 7 ''
Anwritten... l TheksilhiltaXtelk_l943Pl9 .2., '
0,,reitd440x44,0:y*,44 43 ,..—,..-
1 enuor s ment,ni every i' 1i,...
reed sed loir,inid` tlii; treb.tirient'lt
-olight - to'reeelve. , • , 1 •!,”t-,: , ;•.i:- ..iji , /
Sooreafter *his General CasS , retired.'
ri I MO& r xeTterated. to, tai:e tho Sudo De-,
parbecient and, Mr, Stanton was appoint ,
ed.At,torasy general updfi my o . to , cltiiirig;
'tried I Was innfillitietii" leaVtifle.eare
6fcertain'eattiiesponding in thoSuprerhe,
' Cpurt.tohn3h htmds hUtliis.,l,ll444W
...pulptlitent alone,. witliout ,uny r , tither
.proof,, ought te..satisfy any reagetting
'mind that hil I'.have 'said' 'of ME Stith
' tardErtentlinena ninkt , bei tin& ' , Norman
in. hia 'sober isenses man "Imilbetle that •I
wouldhave urged, or thal.,Mr,..T3uellan-.
an would have ina(4,, the, appolnAnent
if we Ind not hoth•knotvit witirperfeet ,
certaility''ttint he it'teoll witlitiPetitire- .
ly ori - thc)se'.•flindamentiii. • doct tines .p
oonstitritibnal. law to:which. I We, Were
catuAllittcd , , . Fhe, , faintest, f4i 4 ,/,4eth, 4 •°,f
the contrary y.:oulti. have, pUt ine A.Lior
ney Geneml'S ailed' itS fsr , ' beyond his
'MARI lis'thrlihroile.of France . . We took
hint' flu" whatheiirofeatedtosbet—. a true
friendi Of the Union ; a devout believer
in the coustittitiou •; a faithful man, with
would not, violate nis oath of offleee
wilful' discibedienee 'te; the 111W:L ' I iii
still convinced- that . he did not deceive
us. If he abandoned those principleS in
1862 the cluing°, however sudden and
unaccountable,, is not. satisfactory evi
dence that lie was an Impostor and a
hypocrite, in 18d0.
He did not find Mr. Holt and General
Dix contending alone (or contending at
s. 11) against the President and the rest o
the administration. Mr:Holt:on the dd
orMareh', 1861, appendettto litgletter of
resignation a strong • ex pressiOn ' of .his
gratitude for the `liirm. and generotis
support" which Mr. Buchanan had con
stantly extended ,to him, , and . pays a
warm tributelb clic "enlight'cluedatates
manshlp and 'Unstinted patriotism" of
- the mitgoing PreSident. Gen. Dix was '
not there at nil when 3Lr.litinitou came
in. He was appointed a tnepth after . -
Wards, when there was no ' digagreement
in the Cabinet.* He took' up his tesi
den de at the Pres ident's house as a mein
bet of his family, and . remained there.
during the whole time of his service us
head of the Treasury Department. He
performed his thrtres 'faithfully, firmly,
and,in t ,a way which pet, with i universal
atiprObatlon." T do not reeblleef that"he
lied . one word of serious eentroadrsy
.eitherwith.the President or with any
body else. If, therefore,. Mr, Stanton
Was at any time engaged,iii dragooning
the President and ; heetbring his col
leagues, he could not, have had itit..Fiolt
and Gen.. Dix for his backers. ... • .
There were disputes and. serious dif
ferences
,pf Inapt" in the Cabinet (Mr
ing the period of Mr. StantoWS service;
but his slare n them has not been truly
stated. I am not Nvrltitig the hiStory of
those times, and thereforel say nothing
of what others did or forbore to, except
so far as may be necessary to show Mr.
Stanton's acts and p,ml;i.sious in their
true light.
Before the election it was determined
that the forts in Charleston harbor
should be strengthened so as to make
them impregnable. The order was given,
but the execution of it was unaccounta
bly put off, When General Cass ascer
tamed that the delay Was acquiesced in
by the President he resigned. Two
weeksafterwards Major Anderson, com
manding Fort Aioultre and apprehend
ing an attack, threw his garrison into
Fort Sumter. Simultaneously came
certain commissioners from South Caro
line demanding the surrender of the
latter fort to the State. The character
of the answer that should be given to
the commissioners and the question
whether Fort Sumter should be furnish
ed wills men and provisions were dis
cussed for three days, each day miming
far.into the night,
On the one side it was insisted that the
surrender of the fortress'wes so utterly
incompatible with our plainest duty
that the, demand itself watt a Kress In
sult- To leave aim a conditjort which
would enable rebellous citizens to take
It if they pleased was still worse, for
that would be merely another mode of
making the surrender, and aworse-one,
because it would be fraudulent and de
ceptive. Major Anderson should, there
fore, he immediately so reinforced that
"his castle's strength would laugh a
siege to scorn," and then ho attack
would be made. This last, instead of
being dangerous, was the only measure
that gave Us a chance of safety ; it would
not bring pn hostilities, but avert there,
and, if war must come at all events, the
possession of Fort Sumter, which com
mended-the other forts ; the harbor and
the city, would, be of Incalculable value
to the government of the Llnlon.
To this there was abmtintely ho an
swer,' eicept what consisted in saying
that the fort could not be relieved with
out difficulty and danger of successful
opposition ; that South Carolina would
take it as an affront and that It was
tantanidunt to athreat of coercion. The
replication was easily made : There Watt
-no danger of even an attempt at resitt
once to a ship-of-war, the statements
made of .the hostile
,power were there
brag ; South' Carcilina took offence, fit
our preparation for the safety of our own
men .and our own property she must
already be in a temper to make recogni
tion impossible ; and as to coercion, let
her take care not to coerce us, and she
would be safe enough. •
At length.the.'President produced his
decision In the form'of an answer to the
commissioners. While it was far from
satisfactory to the southern' Members it
tilled us with consternation anti grief.
Then came the desperate straggle of
one alone to do. what all had failed to
effect.. It was painful in the extreme
but unexpectedly short and decisive.
The President gave up his first ground,
yielded the points' on which he had
seemed most tenacious ;"thei answer to
South Carolina was essentially changed,
and it was agreed that Fort Sumter
should have men and provisions.
During these discussions Mr. Stanton
was always true, but the part he took
was by xio means a leading one. He
said many times that he was there only
that I might have two votes. Instead of
one, On no. occasion was there the
slightest conflict between him and me.
He exhibited none — of the ' coarSeheSs
which some of his latei friends have at
tributed to him. He never spoke with
out the greatest, respect for his col
leagues and the profoundest deference to
the President. .He said no word to the
President about resigning. He told me
that he would resign If I'did ; butwhen
certain concessions were made to my
wishes he expressek himself perfectly
Satisfied, He ditlnOt furnish one atom
'of the iniltiMlCCWlildli broughtthe Pres
ident round' on the answer M South
Carolina. Nor did .he ever propose or
earrymny, measure of his own, directly
or indirectly, relating to the secession
troubles. HenriifOraily professed Mle
as' anxious for the preservation of the
public peace as any man there: '• •'
It Neould be a wrong to thememoryof
Mr. Stanton not to add that, so,faras I
know, he never
to
counteruinCe or
encouragement to itcose fabidmiSatoties
of his behavior. ' '
BIJACK.
Ilnnvlsoncin,Ra., jap,14..,-pn Tuesda '
last the Grand Jury returned to the pre s sen
term of thd Courtof Oyer and Terininer o
thiscounty three Milan f indictment agabisl
Gottlieb Bohmer and Albert„Yan .Borden T
burg for the murder of John, t'SiOtcli
Sarah Peightel "and'Scott Garr This
morning the prisdnora were . lirringht-Inte
court, arraigned according to, the forms of
the law and a jury called and sworn, The
trial will proceed tu-tnorr&W and - will prob 7
ably conclude on Monday or Tuebility next,
and promises to be of unusual interest. The
counsel who appeamil for the Common-,
wealth were Milton S. Lytle, District. AG
torney P. M. 'Lytle 'end - R.' 11. Petrikern
The court assigned - R. Milton,Speek.and.S,
T. Brown forth') defendants, ~i, vas,tmowd
getprtioPle filled wort room, alleager 2.4.
asight of the tiers . Van' SordenT
burg, in Munk& gto .hie plea , • said very
distinptly, "I am not guilty 1: ,r.tYlitle Bob'
mer responded in a less audible ; forte of
Voice. The petneand appedrance nf ' the
prifsnlezalas improved axing their Mbart,
cerltictir =lll -theti t s rouirPPo/ o rbettqc , 9t
'Ocianer.utlerist,l it'UraanheilgteY,W
ere
arrelited. They Can neftheWnretvesits
placently as could. be possible underrthe
circumstances.
11111 1 10
(gym)
19qcrui
rlitqt-ft(
IL 'grill
The unntingdos Treired/
JUTE OP ADVERTISING.
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/ltpi e lgtraci l Ptft r rrig..ll.ft";Mql, P"
th irrAtt*M4iiii*lis*Ati r a . Vg
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fr)h,
ops.svcwarth m c. r ibluinwryip.l.toa
uttientgtCAMageWirthst=i''
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uo=enw•,*(ror.il.z...a.s.u.l;,.:l[2:.
Ultt , ttl er
97gAttitia • ..„;,.. ii..:.a1,3L/.2...5.u.;01)50
The Quarrel In the
Aithq,aispgte- between
nt the It 11167 ne 10 llutan I 1:
tifts:Pgentiestia whanstliter.dar abroad
eteakfelAs;wp ar 49L b i ll i cklre EV
-4 1 1 1' i h ? n 144 reideladd bint i sthikli
eh* etaelanktyfof thd Versdettatui
eielY *OSA° 10s19, c o op. , sAn
. or,war,Anth t Idate
o' .'li lib MIN better ttittri , fi h e ll
41 drygoodibrtunailte.thrrerid
3tA9449 - PrR PPR* AAPPeII t‘obk Mon
jutt, such temper, eeptreon knd
titnal kffityitability that bythe !ptdebdal
qualities they can naturalise the misferrimes
by, their Also rfalatkons„tovotrols
galther.' 'How Whin ff ckblectiti that all
tvrs brte ship *Fendchlavidgins; bur
Mendell may guess for.therhselves.
The Pqn.Plat, VP° "4 Pfil,e,nFHl,l4. Opt
s mere sE rA ttit n iaen grtottned, Or a tiara
'thin atii Id ntripe wlsiehiltralistitled by
onartipg gd .bomeland be. quiet.
Itank,,withita: ancompanying pay. priyi
leges, and honors,' Is likuldue ;natter to a
'naval 'or milit rymanythe'wilybacterial
dnwirddie ears .evdrlbtle to alter A long life
L04)14 • ,11104 1, til, N yf ir JAvAto out,•iput new
srak les woro created In bOulieqUeneo of tho
enlarged size and duties of the
navy, all. the line officers mitre. PrnMoted
Rile or tyip dogrees p i The ,rict of Oengress
made no speelal mention of the staff, but' It
was taken Ibr granted' that the purpoee was
to advance them dm-proportion., Ade:'then
.t so. captains were, pronloted to he eomeao
deres, * i d - surgeons engineffili; and"flay
lnastein, ranking with captains; were
ad
algnpd relative rank with ()commodores,
qu„tkreagh the .11at. T,at Coll
gc:cm approved this interpretntiott' of 'the
Tao'iv•Pvident from - the. fart that during
night veers the Senate untiositattingly.eou-
Arnle4‘?pfirlatimis romie in, accordance
Valk ttn licit, a WhiSper of illegality 'was
beard. B Tali soon Vico-Admiral Porter,
who genenttir rOgOrded:Aa tug leader of
the.linuiu the present-quarrel,, was placed
in virtual charge e the nett; it 'ails dlseov
bred thit all those prornotions'wero
-All the 'surgeons, onghnors, paymasters,
end ;, constructors, , were. , wusequently
degraded, their 'pay being' at the' 'Shine
time of course reduced, so that now the
highest grade a staff officer can obtain
is the assimilated rank of captain.—
The senior staff officer on the active list has
been forty-three' years in the service, and
has: held his present rank nearly thirty
eight years. , No captain in the line ,ancl
only eight of the twenty-ft vo commodores
hhve been 'l4O long In the service. But the
question is not only, whether the stair shall
have rank in proportion to the line, but
whether' they shall virtually have any rank
at all. The lino officers now. declare that
they ought to take precedence of the stall
on ail occasions, afloat and ashore. The
eprkeo little itildshhhhan Just ant of school
mast outrank the Burgeon who may have
assieted in bringing hint into the world. Of
course the executive officers in charge of a
ship, must have anthority ovek all on board;
nobody dleputeff that; but relative rank
does not Imply a dividend. commend,
.and
i ttaa staff do net ask tluNt under any circum
stnices they shall exercise tho powcre 'which
properly belong to the line.
• There are eartain..mysterious privileges
o the cabin and the mess-table involved In
this ContrOversy which we do not profess to
understand and do not much care for. But
It Bening to. tie that a oleo pf °dicers whose
seryices are highly important to the country
are subjected to a conteinptuoini treatment
which would probably drive most kit them
out of the service It they ,Were•Pot.ll l 4d, ed
to It. by„ custom, or wore Burp of im
mediate employment in civil rb.—
Its h rule we don't believe. 'they art
dango`rous and violent men who need
to,be kept tinder. Wo don't believe , that
niVilny end general disorganization will be
the inevitable result of treating them' civil
,ly. We believe that their manners and
: morals will not corrupt the fighting efileere
wbo'seem so loth to associate with them,
and their duties do not them for the
society of gendemeu. A lino officer is ed
ucated from boyhood for his special duties
at the expense of the country. But our sur
geons, our engineers, our paymasters, and
our naval constructors we must got ready
made. Wo certainly shall not get good
ones =less we offer them some induce
meet to serve us.—N. Y. 7'ribune.
GEORGIA
Legislative Proceeding--Outrage on
Democrats—Wow the Democratic
MaiOrley la to be Wiped Out--
Joy the Negroes.
ATLANTA, Jan. 14.—0 n Wednesday the
House remainned in session but, an hour
and a half, and then took a recess until 12
o'clock yesterday. This was done so as to
give the Radicals time to telegraph to Wash
ington and consult as to what measure
should be taken to keep thnenmerats from
having a majority. At la-o'clock, yester
day the House met and finished swearing
in members. Mr, Harris read from the
Speaker's stand an order front Messrs. Bul
lock and Terry, appointing a military board
of three to examine the antecedents of
Democrats who had taken the oath, and re
port as to elegibility. This created quite
a sensation. The negroes at once Clap
ped their .hands and the Democrats
lookednon-pluased. Tho House then ad
journed Until 12 o'clock, Monday, so a. 9 to
give time totry the Democrats before the
wins legion. The commission will of course
unseat a number of Democratsand thereby
give the Radicals a majority jest , what
they have been working for.- The negroes
aro jubilant, and say that their time has
come to thin out those who thinned them
out. The Conservative Republicans and
Democrats say it is a gross and illegal out
rariter the adjournment Mr. Bryant, a Re
publican read a call for all men who op
posed this high-handed measure to meet at
the City Hall at 3 o'clock. Mr. Bryant has
heretofore been one of the most extreme
Radicals in the State. Many Democrats of
Augusta, where he lives, would not speak
to him, but thoy have changed now.
At the Democratic Caucus last night they
resolved to put themselves under the lead
of Bryant and the Conservative Republi
cans. At the City Hall meeting Bryant
spoke one hour, bitterly denouncing the
Blodgett-Bullock's wing of the party as
plunderers. He unearthed some of their
actions, and accused Blodgett of commit
ting perjury, lie said that the oiganiza
tion of thp Houso was caused by the Bled
gett-Bullbck Illation to cover their-financial
transactions. At the conclusion of his re
marks a committee of ten was appointed,
five RePublicans and five Democrats, to
commit together add determine . upon a
coarse of action. The Democrats have Lel
gmphed fpr Linton Stevens to defend them
before the Military Board.
. The Admission of Virginia.
WASHINGTON, Jan. 14.—Tho bill for the
admission of the State of Virginia was dis
posed of in the MOUSe this afternoon, after
a fearful escape of, effervescence from ,the
Radicals. Mr. Farnsworth closed the de
bate on the bill and in fitting terms ad
ministered a Bcatblngerdbuko to Mr. Whitte
more, who' hisf night - introduced the Infa
mous fabielood•Of Porter, of the Richmond
district, against Governor Walker. During
his remarks Mr. - Farnsworth refered to the
fact that Pinker Wore-a ball and chain for
four months by order of General Butler,
when the latter was commanding at Nor
folk. The previous question was then de
manded and seconded and the question first
recurring upon Mr. Whittemore's amend
ment imposing a panalty,for false swearing
was adopted by a vote of. I= to V. Tho
question then recurred upon Mr. Bing
ham's substitute for, the bill, which was
adopted by a vote of 98 yeas, to 95 nays.
The preamble was then adopttxl by a rising
vote ; after whiCh the bill, as amended, was
passod by II vote 0f143 to 49.
IrIROINLA. DILL IN TILE SENATE.
- - - -
The Senate le atilt In BCBBiOll t4night on
the Virgtnla US, but it ISdoabtfal whether
a vote will be reached before tomorrow.
ciovasnaon WALKER •••
eiPreasea hfmself much gratified with the
result in the House, and• the event 'seernm
to be a cause of general congratulation.. Ho
home the Senate will pass the hill as It
passed the Rouse, instead of Adopting
Eiteitart's resolution, - which has been under
.diagussiontor Several days. • .
Divorces to Ohio. '•.
D. 1866 the nninber of divorce* granted
was as one to twenty-six of the number of
•Mablage , s•: In 1867 as One to thirty; in 1858
atip7le to thirty three, andin , lBd9 as one to
tsrantylfouri thd actual number of dlvOrces
In. that. year being 156 greater, While the
nu.mbar.of marriages was 4,821 ess than in
the preceding year. Tho following table
Shows the number and pauses' of diddreoft
for Bde years
1865. /866..1843'7. 1868. 1809.
Adultery .. ..-254. .389 317 233 249
Abiien6.2llegloct.23o 394 417 365 460
eraelty ' 199' 134 •' 182 114' 156
Drunkenness 48..!!79. 43 .08 84
Fraud.,.._.,.,, 18. 80, .10, .9 13
180 133 60 41
i,Totals
.937.1150 975 847. 1003
„it is a somewhat remarkable fact that in
33.1 macs Where the custody'of children was
dlagnted.,' the Mothers were succoseful,
.while. only. (58 ' fathom , were considered
f IYPTPIY, of the, charge., This is almost
coinplete reverse of tho universal rule nt
common law. •
• . Slagular CouseorDeditltz.
. Men sometimes die from very singular
iMthett; blaeltsinith in Monticello, N. Y.,
'recently' put a common wooden axle in his
Are to Innonn the frau thimble Vont its
,outer edge, When, to Ids astonisnnaenh, it
Vete up,
_shooting jagged splinters in to h is
body:. heath ensued'. It Ihappened' thus:
The broken axle had been lying out in tho
,rata for Boma time, and was' pretty %or
' ougbly eatnrated:with. water, There la fro
qquently Niu d derable cavity between tho
thimhlp" and the end of the axle. the
'water had' ruated the bolt;screw' at the head
Of ' thethithbla so 'to render itperfeetly
'dal:l4-01d the swelling of the' Web& had
d•llar effect at theether'end; f Whith the
moigara the,' elan:diet' ' thined -to
steam and altertirards' to r pain the intense
heat, an explosion was the natural result.