gittlf4ol,tr-ffldditletlett, emit lIED EVERY WEDNESDAY By U. G. SMITH CO. Al. J. STEINMAN H. G. SMITH. Timms—Two Dollars per annum, payable all 00.6014 In advance, TILE LANCASTER DAILY INTELLIGENCER 111 publiched ovory evening, Sunday excepted, at a 8 per Annum in advance, OFFEJE-8013TEINE9T COSNER Or MINT= SQUARE. KO,Citl. April hen neatened the winter land, And founti her petted flowers mann ; Hilo Memoir them to untold their leaven, Kim coaxed them witiiher nun and rain, And illicit the grans with green content, Anti made the Woods and clover vain. Hor fairies climbed thu naked trees, And cut groan calm on only stalk; tier primroses puup bashfully Prom borders of the garden walk ; And In the ruthlohod nutplo•toini Ilur blackbird aossips MIL 1111 d talk. Hlio vette the patient. OVO groove, She note 0 gtoro of ancient gold, UI tiogiolled preemie to the breeze, And teaches river* mono of old -I'hen gnalcee the truce with gtolon Mare NV led* And taught' to hear the 0001[00 *cold. Hothttl ince, to fiat the sober Nun, Hhe polio the donde aerosn We Mee; Hilt finds a gnow-drift In the woods, Wows meelt egulti, and prove hig grace ; Watt.; till the loot white wreath le gone, And drops arbutus In the plum. lice crocuses and violets Give nll the world a gay 't Good year!" Tall Irises grow tired of green, And get themselves a purple gear; And tiny buds, that lie asleep On the 11111 mid field, her suintuons hear. Him roCitictlia saucy meadow cups; The mlllllol.'B heart anew she dyes , She tills the dusk of deepest woods With vakue, sweet sunshine and surprise; And wakes tile periwinkles up To watch hr r with their wide, blue eyes, At lastsdie deems her work Is done, And ands a willow rucking•chair, Duns spectacles of apple build, ^ Kerchief and cap of almonds rare, And sits, it very grautimetner, Wafting her sunshine-needles, there. And when sale sees the deeper stills 'that usher le tile happy May, Site sighs to think her time is past, And weeps because she cannot stay, And leaves her tears upon tile grass, Amid turns her face, and glides away. gtiocellantozio. Rome In the Second Century BY (101"rFRIE11 11.1:$1( When the yearhas reached Its height, and begins to incline toward the au tumn, we see vegetation visited, as it were, by a second youth. The foliage on the trees and hedges which has suf fered sad Injury from spring storms and the attacks of slugs and beetles, about the time of the summer solstice repairs Its losses by a fresh growth, which shoots forth In tender gold at the ends of the branches, and only slowly changes to the pervading dark green tint of the summer leaves. In the midst of .1 uly the forest stands in fuller foliage than in May. This is what the peasants I call the " midsummer growth." Such a inidsummer growth it was which was put forth In the times of the ancients, when the May-day of Greece and the summer-prime of the Roman Republic had past, when the frightful I storms of the early empire had spent I their fury, and a series of sensible re gents, In the second century of the Christian Era, left the world at rest, to enjoy for a little space, at least, the treasures of civilization which it had been storin,, up for ages, before the Ir ruption of the barbarians and the moral decay of the Roman Empire carried away in the universal ruin all the an tique forms of social and political life. Of all the reigns of these Emperors of the second century, that of Autoninus Plus, the adopted son of I lathier), was the happiest and most beneficent; and It is the 23 yearsof his government, from 138 to 101, which we select, In order to collect together some features of the Rome of that day into a picture of that j ancient city. The extent of the city in those times cannot be measured by the narrow strips of the inhabited quarter which one overlooks at the present day from the tower of the Capitol, as they lie sur rounded by vast tracts now rendered desolate by the malaria, but rising out I of which are the ruins of auclentstately buildings, and even the remains of whole quarters of the metropolis, which hundreds of years ago were inhabited. Even the Cam pagna was once rich, fer tile, beautifully cultivated and planted. Now it stretches away as a desert waste for five leagues to the olive•crowned I mountains of Tivoli, and five leagues again on the other side to the sea, which one can see from the ball on the Dome of St. Peter's, gleaming in the distance like a narrow ribbon of silver. Divided now among 215 great proprietors, who pasture herds of cattle on I the site of former husbandry, or j farm out the corn-laud to dealers in I grain, the Campagna is thickly peopled I only during the harvest-time, when the I reapers ,of the Sabine mountains come thither to cut the crops and bear buck with them the seeds of death from the fever•fraught air to their homes or the hospitals of the city. All the small owners are goue now, and 'with them the trees and the healthy atmosphere. In the times of the Emperors this vast area, 750,000 Magdeburg acres in extent, I was peopled thickly and almost like a I city. The villas under the Tusculan hills joined the rows of houses stretch ing out from tae limits of the city, which, indeed, could hardly be ills- I tinguished, while ou the other side the buildingsextended in almost us uninter rupted succession to the sea, many of ' them erected over the remains of more ancient cities and rivals of Rome. Inter secting in like manner the country-seats scattered alone - the Tiber, swarming with vessels, were shnilarrows of houses, surrounded by richly tilled fields and stately memorials of the dead. If one wishes to fbrm acorrectideaof imperial Rome and its population, these suburbs must also be included in the calculation, just as now we must extend the circum ference of Paris to the fortifications, or even fur down the Seine to Sevres and St. Cloud, and included within the cir ' cuit of London those old parishes, and modern railway towns, the inhabi tants of which daily stream into the city to their places of business by omnibus, and steamboat, and railroad. Front an inscription of Augustus re lating to his distributions of grain among the Roman plebs, it may be computed that the number of inhabi tants within the city walls amounted at that date to at least two millions, and this number at the lime of Antoninus Pius had increased rifther than dimin ished, and If we add , the suburbs ex tending along the great highways, which ran from the city oft every side, three millions of people will be by no means too large an estimate. Imperial Rome, therefore, taken in this extent, united on one spot of earth a population - equal to that of modern London. The manner of life and lodging was similar to that in ourgreat metropolitan cities. The minority of the citizens had houses of their own. The majority dwelt in immense lodging-houses, the so-called bisida., which towered to a height of 70 or 80 feet. In the time of Constantine there were 40,002 such buildings within the city walls. Of private dwellings there were at the same epoch only 1790. The inmates were crowded thickly together. If the num ber of inhabitants in the city circuit be taken at two millions, there must have been nearly 40 inmates in each house. Life in Rome, therefore, was naturally not healthy, and from the inscriptions on the graves, an average has been com puted which shows that the Romans In the days of the Empire were a short lived people. Even during the Repub lic there was on the Palatine an altar to the Goddess of fever, and in another place one to Mephitis. The great and sudden changes of tem perature during the Roman day (in January, an hour before sunset, 50° Fahr, in the house, and 75° in the sun, atia then half au hour after sunset down to 45°), almost incomprehensible to us, inhabitants of more northern countries, as well as the fearful heat of summer alternating with a winter temperature so low that ice is by no means unusual, must certainly have exercised in those days, as well as now, a most prejudicial influence upon thegeneralheahh. Then, as now, the wealthy gladly fled from the city in August, to their coun try-seats in the monntains and on the cool seashore at Ostia or Antium, or else hired seaside lodgings In one of the charming towns on the Gulf of Naples. No quarter of imperial Rome, however, was absolutely uninhabitable on account of the malaria, as is now the greater part of those same localities, and the mortality was far' from being so frightful as it was a thousand years later during the• Middle Ages, whew Pope Innocent 111. remarked thatieW people in Rome attained their fortieth, very few indeed their sixtieth year; or as it is in these times in Parts, where out of two. ,miillogesit lohcbitants 42,- -000411 e aminallY; and the 'decrease must cOnStaidilY be replaced by new mesh r:Sibnalrom the country. liimodern Rome, the city of churches, thennMerous and stately domes and eTt i e fintalOtet 4fittetitileitece VOLUME 69 spires characterize the prevalent style of architecture. In Rome of the Em pire the mligious type was by no means so predominant. The most sumptuous and extensive buildings were not the temples, but, after the palaces of the Emperors, the various public edifices subservient tolthe use or pleasure of the masses, and in theereotion of them each new Emperorlvied with his predeces sors. In consequence of the purposes which they served, the majorltyandthe largest of these buildings were natural ly clustered in the centre of the oity.— The Forum especially, if we count up all the immense structures which hero towered one above another, must nave suffered much from over-orowding. Merely to gain room for new erections, the succeeding Emperors only too often, with true vandalism, demolished the works of their predecessors. Here, therefore, in the great centres of the city, below the Capitol, at the Forum Trajani, on the Campus Martins, are crowded together at the present day those colossal ruins which, when one walks through the streets in the clear Roman moonlight, seem to stand out with such mighty outlines from the shapeless masses of the modern houses. The more gorgeous the picture of the buildings of the Emperors after the conflagration of Nero which has been handed down to us, so much the more does it strike the ob• servant traveller to find the gigantic remains of these works consisting of the perishable material of brick, while the Romans of the republic and the early Emperors were accustomed to build with splendid blocks of fire-proof traver tine. But Ms Just this which manifests the extravagance of the later period. The brick walls which we find still standing were only the nucleus (kern) of the structure. Within and without these walls were clad with a shell of white and variegated marble. In Greece they used to enliven the white or yellow ish marble of the temples with pig ments ; In Rome, the solid, but sump tuous brilliancy of divers-colored stones took the place of polychromy. Even in sculpture, nature was imitated In this way. In the busts of the Emperors the robes are often cut in a dark stone, while the heads are of marble. Black slaves were portrayed in black stone, with white eyeballs, while parts of the body were clothed in yel low marble. The life•size she-wolf in the Louvre is carved in dark red "Rosso Antico," the eyee are yellow, with black pupils, and the teeth and claws white. In architecture the most costly kinds of stones were used; the shafts of columns were cut from a single block, and pol ished to the brightness of a mirror, on which account the Grecian flutings were abandoned, and the columns leftsimply round. All the quarries of the vast Empire, even to its farthest provinces, , were brought into requisition. Some of ' these even to the present day have not been rediscovered, and the ruins, of Rome alone furnish specimens of their noble marbles. The ma jority of the Roman palaces were built of Carrara marble, the quarries of which were opened in the time of Augustus. This was to be procured at the least possible expense, because, on account of the proximity of the quarries to the coast, it could be brought by water and up the Tiber to the city. But from Greece, also, were brought the Hymet tlan, Pentelican and Parlan marbles, and many different varieties of black and gray colors, one of which was susceptible of so high a polish that Domitian made use of it in the porticos where he was accustomed to walk, in the place of mirrors, in order to see that some assassin did not come upon him unawares from behind. The green marbles of Laconia and Thes salia, the yellow of Numidia, the red of Asia Minor, were used sometimes for columns, sometimes in sawn slabs for the veneering of walls and the mosaic of floors. All the passages in Hadrian's mausoleum were lined with the famous Phrygian marble, its transparent milky white interspersed with violet-colored veins and spots,—the present so-called peacock-marble or I'aona-Zetto. For the larger kinds of pillars the red and dark gray granites from Egypt and the Island of Elba were selected, or the got- ! geous porphyry of the Red Sea. At this day we find iu the imperial palaces upon the Palatine, and in the baths of Caraculla, small fragments of these stones among the rubbish, the brilliant polish in spots still undestroyed. But the' love of display here as always killed the love of art. In decorating their interi ors with this cold, dead resplendency of polished stone, the Romans lost their taste for wall-paintings and frescos, and the art of paiutingsank in Rome during the Empire lower and more rapidly even than sculpture. At the head, however, of all the build ings which. were erected in Rome for the use or luxury of the people, were the public baths. The stern old Ro mans of the Republic had known only cold baths in the river and the sea. The warm bath, together with other new fashions, was brought from Greece toward the end of the Republic. At first baths were established, as with us, for a private speculation, and an entrance fee was charged ; but at the beginning of the Empire it became the custom for the Emperors themselves, or even, especially in the provincial towns, for wealthy private citizens, to erect immense public bathing-establishments and, after furnishing them with every comfort and luxury, to donate them to the public. In these everything was free, evcept that a clouceur was given to the attendant, a public slave, who supplied soap, and a:so sold small flasks of oil or ointment, which the bathers threw away on going out, so that hun• dreds of these little bottles are found in the vicinity of the baths. These hot baths, or therm' as they were called, were constantly built anew down to the fall of the Empire, while their sump tousness increased more and more as new luxuries were invented and addi. tional buildings annexed, in which the frequenters could divert themselves after their bath with gymnastics, or ball-play, with study in the library, or a saunter through galleries of paintings or statuary. How easily and pleasantly could a rich young Roman while away a day amid all this splendor and luxury of the metropolis, when he returned thither from the ever tedious villegiatur, or fresh from a couple of months' sojourn in one of the seaside watering-places! Even its frivolty had a semblance of refinement, and did not de scend to the vulgarities of the Mabille. The fashion of profligacy was set by the ladies of the court, and spread from them to the circles of aristocratic so ciety. The Emperors themselves were virtuous, but under all the three Auto nines, the women of the highest rank gave the most notorious example of in fidelity. From the elder Faustina, wife of Antoninus Pius, this reputation de scended to her daughter, the beautiful and accomplished Faustina of Marcus Aurelius. The grand-daughter Lucille, at first virtuous and chaste, sank after wards, through the infidelity of her husband, even lower than the other two, and ended her life at last upon the scaffold in consequence of the attempt. ed murder of her own brother Commo ' dus. Besides the ladies of rank, too, countless freeborn women of the demi monde maintained brilliant and costly establishments. Few young men of good family, how ever, in Rome, lived exclusively for these frivolous and dissolute relations, In the morning, custom demanded that the young man of rank should visit some of the senators, gentlemen of the court, high officials or rich landed pro.' prietors with whom his family was can. nected. These morning calls were very irksome to many, on account of the time which they consumed by reason of the great distances of the metropolis. As elder brothers. they ,sometimes visi ted the schools of the rhetoricians, invited by some younger member of the family or by some friend to hear his maiden speech. Thep, too, they could go to the theatres, In which there were always . morning performances. In times of some passing political excitement this was done, not for the sake of the play, but in order to give expression to their partialities and prejudicee Whenever an unpopular man enterbd the theatre he was greeted on his way to his seat with a storm of hisses, groans, and -cries, while one who happened at the •thoment to be acceptable tp public taste, was received with loud applause. In like manner, both plays and players were drowned amid a tumult of noisy disapprobation, and driven from the stage, or honored with quiet attention, and applauded at the conclusion. It was considered the thinginfashionable circles to be present at the represents,- Lion of pieces which were new or conk. posed by poets of one's acquaintance, and to , take part in this public verdict. Afterwards there perhaps still remain. ed time before lunch to stroll among the shops and stalls in the various public squares and streets, to examine the lux. (tries brought from every province of the Empire and offered for raleby shop. men of every race and color, and per haps, to purchase some tempting trinket or indispensable article of fashionable After the lunch or breakfast, taken before twelve o'clock, one could go to Bee a combat of the so-called "midday gladiators" meridiani, an exciting di version,—perhaps too exciting for good digestion, for the combatants fought without any weapons of defence, and clothed only in a short tunic, so that one or the other must in the end suc cumb beneath the murderous blows of his antagonist. To these, says Seneca, all former combats were mercy itself. Most, however, preferred this spectacle to the ordinary butchery of fully armed gladiators, because every blow told. Such diversions were varied perhaps by a visit to some famous lorette, who re ceived her admirers at this early hour in full toilet. The purchases of the morning are presented as a pro pitiatory offering, and the weighty question is discussed whether the golden tresses of some forest maiden's hair which form the beauty's head dress to-day are 'more becoming than yesterday's chignon of the Caledoni. an's ebon looks, or the glossy braids of the day before, shorn from the head of a high-born Jewish slave. On the lady's table lies the last volume of Martial, fresh from the book-stall. The most piquant epigrams are read aloud, and the loudest praise accorded to those which make sport of the marriage -tie. With eager curiosity, the readers seek to discover to what petty scandal such and such a stranger alludes, and whom the lampoon Is meant to suit, for the shrewd and prudent satirist has care fully avoided mentioning any names. If the mistress be not at home, the young gallant stops to interchange a few pleas antries with the pretty waiting-maid, for, though she is only a plave, her favor may be of importance with her capricious mistress;and now, as the sun sinks, to the bat. From,the vapor bath a plunge into the cool swimming basin, and then, after the gentle per spiration in Oriental fashion, a game of ball, a fencing match, or a turn with some friend In the wrestling-ring; or, if we are too indolent for such active sports, an hour may be whiled away in the library over the novelties which the firm of Tryphon has Just sent from the hands of its copyists, or in discussing, with an art-amateur, whether the bronze which has just come from Greece, and been set up In the swimming hall is a genuine original of Lysip pus, or only a later Athenian copy. Then in all seriousness to dinner, at the restaurant, or, still better, with a few select companions at the table of some gastronomic friend, where the soft cushions invite us to recline, and the pretty flower-girl from Corinth stands ready to twine about our brows wreaths of the coolest, most fragrant flowers of the season. The flute's soft notes usher in each course. The most delicate viands, fresh from over the seas , the noble wines of Italy Sicily and the Grecian Isles, the luscious fruits of the South and East, allure us to the little marble table. How brief is the South ern night! how soon the blush of morn ing breaks in upon the wild orgy, no longer restrained by morality or mod esty, law or reason ! With jest and laugh the party breaks up, and the reveller, returning home in the early dawn, salutes with mock homage the godlike statue of Bacchus, masterpiece wrought by some artist's hand in nobler days, which adorns the marble hall of his palace. Even the poetry of pleasure, the seductive sensuality of paganism, end at , last in a pointless gibe ! But there could be also another end. An artist of our own day, Gabriel Max of Munich, has portrayed in for us in his picture, which won during the past year such earnest applause in the Paris Exposition. The youthful debauchee, who has exhausted every pleasure which a civilization carried to the utmost pitch of refinement, but devoid of a faith, can offer, in the chill gray of morning alone on the bare crest of the hill, over which leads his way home, encounters a blood stained cross, and on the cross, her spirit already departed, a Christian, maiden, —a tender maiden, who had a faith and for that faith could die! And the proud, wealthy Roman, sated and sickened with sensual pleasures, takes the chap let of flowers from his brow, and lays it at her feet,—at the feet of the brave martyr, with whom a new heroism, a new spirit-strife, has come to awaken the sinful, sated world. The Good Old hymns Did you ever know a person who was brought up to hear the good old hymns whom they ever failed to move to the foundations when heard? The feet moving on unholy errands linger on their way past the church door, as the melody floats out upon the air. That man—who has wasted life and energy and talent, which might have blessed mankind, to reap only the whirlwind —he is back again with his little head upon his mother's lap, while she sings that same hymn, which will never grow old, about " the beautiful river." His eyes moisten as he thinks how pained she would be, were she living, to know him now. The hymn ceases, and the low benediction follows, and as the wor shippers emerge he recollects himself, and with an impatient "Pshaw !" passes on. What, he moved at a " conventicle hymn!" He, who for years has never crossed the threshold of a church! He, who believes neither in prayer nor priests, Bible nor Sundays! He who has " outgrown all that!" Ah ! but he hasn't. He can't outgrow it. It is there. It will come, whether he desire It or no ; come in spite of all his efforts to laugh or reason it away ; come, though he live in open derision and mockery of that religion whose divine precepts he cannot efface from his mind ; come, as it did to John Ran dolph, who, after years of atheism and worldliness and ambition, left on re cord "that the only men he ever knew well and approached closely, whom he did not discover to be unhappy, were sincere believers of the Gospel, who conformed their lives, as far as the na ture of man can permit, to its precepts." "Often," he says, "the religious teach ings of my childhood were banished wholly by business or pleasure ; but af ter awhile they came more frequently, and stayed longer, until at last they were my first thoughts on waking and my last before going to sleep." Said he, " I could not banish them if I would." "Now and then I like to go into a church," said a young man, apologeti cally, to a companion who was deriding the idea. " Priestcraft—priestcraft!' exclaimed his companion. "Tell me, what possible good can it do you ?" "Well," said the young man, "some how, when I hear those hymns, it is like hearing the pleading voice of my mother as I left home to become the graceless fellow I am now. I cannot tell you how they move me, or how they make me wish I were better. If I ever do be come better, it will be because I cannot separate them from all that seems, in my better moments, worth embodying in the word 'home.'" Walter Scott said to his son-in-law, when he was on his death-bed. "Be a good man, Lock hart; be a good man ' • nothing else will give you any comfort when you come to lie here." It were easy to multiply instances where earth's gifted and greatest have borne similar testimony, after having tested all that the world had to offer as an equivalent for "that peace which passeth all understand ing." Parents sometimes say, with tears, " My bo has forgotten all my teach ings." 'You don't know that. You can't say that till the grave closes over him. Said a good mother I knew, who kept on singing those hymns, and Whose faith never faltered through long years, when her only son disgraced the family by intemperance, "John will come right by and by. He must." And day after day, when he was brought home helpless, the mere wreck and libel of manhood, she smilingly repeated to all cavilers, "John will come right. I know it. Every day I ask God to give him back to himself, and I know He will do It." And John did come right. Out of that horrible pit of degradation he em erged " clothed in his right mind." He is now in a good business, owns the house he lives in, and is the comfort and pride of the patient wife who, with his mother, waited all these weary years for his return. Never despair of a child who strays LANCASTER PA. WEDNESDAY MORNING APRIL 8 1868 away from those hymns. Somewhere, between the cradle and the tomb, be sure those hymns will find hlm out. FANNY FERN: The Cannlbah of Melee. M. du Chaffin gives the following sketch of a cannibal tribe of Africa, called the Fans : I never before saw such wild men. They were all armed to the teeth with spears, poisoned arrows and knives. Their bodies were tattooed all over; their teeth were dyed bleak, and they looked more like ghosts than men. On the ground were skulls of dead men, and bones were scattered all through the streets. The women were the ugliest I ever saw, and were smaller than the men. The king did not want to see me, being afraid that he should die if he saw a spirit. The men did not seem afraid, but the women did. I saw one of the latter run into one of the huts with the leg of a man just out off. This made me feel uncomfortable, and my only consolation was, that I was very thin, and not worth much for eating. At length the king came to. me, sur rounded by his warriors. He was dressed with the skins of wild beasts, and held a spear In his hands. He looked at me with wonder, and I did the same with him. He said he was not afraid of ma when surrounded by his warriors. I put a bold face on it, and said that spirits were never afraid, also. They gave me a hut to sleep in, but I did not sleep that night—the wo man with the leg depressed my spirits. In the morning, when I arose and went out at the back door, I met with a grand reception. Cannibals from every part of the country had come to see me. They got accustomed to me in time, and I to them, and we became the beet friends. After a few days the queen came to see me. She was a lovely crea ture—teeth sharpened to a point—body tattooed all over. Cooked plantains were brought me to eat. I tolci, them I never ate cooked food, for I was afraid that men's flesh had been cooked in the same pot before. The cannibalism of the people is of the worst kind. They eat the bodies, not of their enemies only, but also of their own people. A man, however, does not eat the body of one of his own family, but families ex change their dead with each other. In one case that I knew of, a corpse, five days dead was sold for food. They like their game high. They all agree that a woman is tenderer than a men—not the heart merely, but the whole body. Boys, too, are tender, but old men very tough. I myself could see no difference lu the appearance of the flesh of the men and that of the gorilla, except that. it was a little finer in texture. But in spite of their cannibalism, they are In many respects the finest tribe in that country. Their houses are built low, not more than five feet in height, on account of the tornadoes. The walls are made of the bark of trees; they have a little door in front and a back door, but no windows. Polygamy is common among them, and the more wives a man has the happier he eeeme to be. Slavery is known, but is not much practiced, because men are scarce, and they prefer to eat them rather than make slaves of them. They work iron in the most beautiful manner, make knives, spears, and very sharp axes. They are exceed ingly given to fighting, hence their fondness of working in iron, and their aptness at it. Nothing from the coast reaches them, except a few beads and pieces of copper. They cover the han dles of their knives with skin taken from the bodies of men. On parting, the king made me a present of one of these ; it had belonged to his father, and was covered with human skin. One day, as I was lying in a forest, ,I got waked up by an army of bashiquas —a strange kind of ant. I was-so much bitten by them that I was half dead. An antelope had been killed the day before by King Bongo, which I had in tended to eat. But it was now covered with, oh, millions of ants! They are the most wonderful insects in the forest. They are the plague and dread of every living thing. When they attack a lage the people have to light fires, pour hot water around, and strew burning ashes around to get rid of these little beasts. They are really wonderful— always in single line, and sometimes the line is miles upon miles in length. The line is generally two inches in breadth, and there are officers throughout the en tire length keeping watch, so that none of these ants get out of line. I watched a line passing one particular spot, and it was twelve hours before the last of those ants had passed. And as they go through the forest, at a certain signal they spread themselves out and attack everything that comes out in their way. They will even go to the tops of trees ; and the in sects and everything else fly away be fore them. Elephants, antelopes, ga zelles, snakes, scorpions, all run away as fast as they can. In fact, many a time have I been warned of the coming of these bashiquas by the insects and other creatures flying away in an opposite direction. I got ready for them by having the fires lighted. They are the most voracious little creatures you can imagine. If they found a dead ele phant on their line of march they would attack it, and in a very short time nothing would be left but the bones. Sometimes the chiefs will have a man tied up to a tree, and in an hour or two nothing would be left of him but the skeleton. They certainly are the most voracious creatures I ever saw. One singular circumstance connected with them is, that they are afraid of the sun. If they come toa part of the forest where the sun Is shining, they dig a tunnel under the spot and pass it by that means, and so continue their march through the forest, in a single file, as before. The American Beaver A recent work on the American Beaver, by Mr. Morgan, whose trabors appear to have been conscientious and intelligently directed, refutes some of the current ideas about that animal. Instead of being endowed with little less than human instinct, Mr. Morgan denies the stories that have been related to give him such a character. The beavers, it seems, do not live in com munities, work in gangs, or inhabit jointly owned houses. They go to their work singly, "at intervals of half an hour apart," " each beaver acting independently, and without con cert with his mates," though in cases of emergency, such as the breaking of a dam, "several of them have been seen working together." The belief in the joint labor is no doubt largely due to the great size of some of the dams, but after careful examination of some hundreds of these structures, Mr. Morgan is satis fied, and gives reasons which seem absolutely final, that "the larger dams were not the joint product of the labor of large numbers of beavers working to gether, but that they arose from small beginnings, and were built upon year after year, until they finally reached that size which exhausted the capabili ties of the location, after which they were maintained for centuries, at the ascertained standard, by constant re pairs ;" that, furthermore, they have been "usually, if not invariably," com -menced by the single pair or family which intended benefiting by them, other lodges being built in the pond as it increased in, when its whole popula tion—not a colony or community— would be interested in the mainte nance of the dam. They are social, however, in that the pairs are faithful to each other, and each family consists of the parents and of the offspring of two years, the average number of all in habiting each lodge, by the trappers' estimates, being,eight. That houses are inhabited by more than one family,.or even consist of more than one apart ment, or have the symmetry of form in variably attributed to them, is wholly erroneous. Mr. Morgan avers that the engineering skill attributed to the beaver he does not possess, though a certain kind of sagacity he does possess ; and we are sorry to say that this animal is now growing scarce and is likely to dis appear altogether with diminished fame for many qualities which have been conceded to him, but which close obser vation has shown that he does not pos sess. Frightful Accident in a coal Mine SCRANTON, Pennsylvania, March 31.—8 y the breaking of a chain connected with the hoisting machinery at the Diamond coal mines in this city, to-day, a platform con taining seventeen men, was precipitated to the bottom of the shaft, a distance of one hundred and eighty-five feet. Eleven men were instantly killed, one has since died, and two others are fatally injured. The accident makes eleven widows and twenty eight orphans. This is the most disastrous accident that has occurred in the Lacka wanna Valley coal fields for many years. James Madhon BY JAMES PARTON, This is an interesting sentence in the will of Thomas Jetlbrson, especially to those who know somethingof thtifriend• ship which subsisted between the illus trious democrat and the greatest of his disciples " I give to my friend, James Madison of Montpelier, my gold mounted walking staff of animal horn, as a token of the cordial and affectionate friendship which for near. ly now an half-century, has united us in the same principles and pursuits of what we have deemed for the greatest good of our country." This passage was written in Marefi, 1820, a few months before the death of the testator. The friendship of which it speaks was the controlling influence in the public career of Mr. Madison, and an event of the greatest importance In thatof Mr. Jefferson. It made Madison President, and secured to Jefferson the successor best fitted of all living men to continue the Jeffbrsonlan system. It is delightfultodwellupon the noble friendships of the founders of this re. public, such as that which existed be tween Washington and Hamilton, be tween Franklin and Jefferson, between Jefferson and Madison, between Jeffer son and John Adams, between Jeffer— son and Monroe. These men felt for one another the esteem which was their Just due, and took greater pleasure, In some instances, In seeing their friend advanced than themselves. There cannot be any such thing as friendship between bad men. Ills only virtue which unites in mutual and last ing esteem. James Madison, born lu Virginia in 1751, was the eon of James Madison, a wealthy tobacco-planter, a descendant from John Madison, an English gentle man who came to Virginia about the year 1650. The eldest eon of a thriving planter, he received an education re markable for its extent and thorough ness. In those days it was customary f6r the parish clergymen of Virginia to prepare pupils for college. James Mad- Leon had this advantage, and at the age of eighteen went to Princeton College in New Jersey, from which he gradu ated after a residence of only two years. He continued, however, to reside at Princeton for another year, during which he pursued his studies as a kind of private pupil of the President. He committed at this period an error, from the effects of which he never wholly re• covered during all his long life of eighty five year 9. Having an insatiable thirst for knowledge, he allowed himself but three hours' sleep, and devoted almost all the rest of the day to study; and even when warned of the folly of this course by the failure of his health, he continued to over-exert himself, al though in a less degree. In the year 1772, when he was twenty one years of age, he returned to his na tive State, and there began the study of the law; which he pursued with the same zeal and devotion, without discon tinuing his general studies. His blo• grapher tells ue that his attention was drawn powerfully at this time to the study of theology, which he continued to investigate until he had satisfied him self respecting its nature and its claims. The revolutionary war was impend ing. Among the subjects of agitation then in Virginia, was the connection between Church and State, which ex isted in Virginia ascompletely as in the mother country; so that every denomi nation, except one, labored under ob vious and serious disadvantages. James Madison was among the young men who favored the dissolution of this un natural tie, and on this issue was elect ed, in the spring of 1776, a member of the Virginia Legislature. Almost the only knowledge we have of his early parliamentary career is derived from an interesting passage in the autobiography of Mr. Jefferson. Mir. Madison," he says, " came into the House in 1776, a new member and young; which circumstances, concurring with his extreme modesty, prevented his venturing himself in debate before his removal to the Council of State in November, 1777. From thence he went to Congress, then consisting of few members. Trained in three succes sive schools, be acquired a habit or self-pos session which placed at ready corn mend the rich resources of his luminous and discrim. Mating mind, and of his extensive informa tion, and rendered him the first of every assembly afterwards of which be be came a member. Dever wandering from his subject into vain declamation, but pursuing it closely in language pure, classical and copious, soothing always the feelings of his adversaries by civilities and softness of expression, he rose to the emi nent station which he held in the great Na tional convention of 1787; and in that of Virginia, which followed, he sustained the new Constitution in all its parts, bearing off the palm against the logic of George Mason and the fervid declamation of Mr. Henry. With these consummate powers were united a pure and spotless virtue, which calumny has never attempted to sully." This is a noble tribute. So glowing is it, that many persons have thought it exaggerated, and attributed it to the af fectionate regard which a good master naturally feels for the chief of his dis ciples. But this is not the case. I have been assured by the Hon. Nicholas P. Trist, the eon-in-law and executor of Mr. Jefferson, that there was no man to whose understanding Mr. Jefferson more sincerely deferred, or for whose character he had so complete a respect, as for that of James Madison. Mr. Jefferson speaks of his friend Madison in connection withtheconven tion of 1787, which formed the Consti tution under which we nowlive. Mad ison was, indeed, one of the prime movers and most influential members of that convention, of which his Notes, taken at the time, are the only history, and of which his subsequent writings are the ablest vindication. It seems that he went into this convention with opinions very different from those of which he was in after years the cham pion. He even thought that Congress should be authorized by the Constitution to veto any act of a State legislature, a power which the King of England had tormerly possessed. Fortunately,he had intelligence enough to change an opin loft. He was not one of those bigots of consistency who boast of thinking in their old age precisely as they did in their youth. Several times in his public life, Mr. Madison changed his views on pub lic questions, greatly to his own honor and the advantage of his country. I have no doubt that when the difference arose between Hamilton and Jefferson during the first administration of Gen. Washington, Mr. Madison's opinions were modified by his daily intercourse with Mr. Jefferson. While embracing heartily what we mayeall the Jeffersoni an theory of govern ment, he nevertheless remained the cordial friend of Hamil ton, who took precisely the opposite view. When Uen. Washington was about to retire to private life, Mr. Jefferson's first choice for the succession was his friend Madison, then forty-five years of age. He wrote to him thus, in 1795: " There is not another person in the United States who, being placed at the helm of our affairs, my mind would be so completely at rest for the fortune of our political barque. • • As to myself, the subject has been thoroughly weighed and decided on, and my retirement from office has been meant from all office, high or low, without excep tion. .• e The question is forever closed with me." How little thought the writer, that, in six years from that time, he would be President of the United States, and that, eight years after, he would hand the office, without an effort of his own, to his tried and trusted Secretary of State, James Madison. I canner dwell heie upon the admin istration of Mr. Madison; it is a sub ject too extensive to be even entered upon. He was called upon to conduct the country through a war with the greatest naval power on earth.-In doing so, he may have committed some errors; big it is difficult to see how, upon the whole, considering the immense dis parity of force between the belligerents, the war could have been better conduct ed. The navy, at least, won unfading laurels, and the war closed in a blaze of triumph at New Orleans. Mr. Madison retired from the Presi dency in March, 1817, when he was sixty-six years of age. He went home to his farm, and spent the long evening of his life in superintending its culture,' and in performing various local duties. Among other minor offices which he filled, was that of visitor to the Univer sity of Virginia, which his friend Jeffer son had founded. 11 . was president, also, of the agricultural society of his county. As late as 1829, when he was seventy-eight years of age, he did not shrink from serving his native State, when he was elected member of the convention to revise the Constitution. His appearance on this occasion was a most interesting event. The members, It is said, " scanned with eager curiosity the venerable countenance of the man whose public career had commenced far back in the days of 1771 When he rose, after long silence, to utter a few words, th e members left theirseate an d crowded around the venerable figure, dressed In black, with his thin, gray hair, still powdered as in former times, to catch the low whisper of his voice." Mr. Madison lived seven years after this affecting re-appearance public life. He died at his seat in Montpelier, in June, 1880 aged eighty•five years. Besides being one of the wisest, he was one of the merriest of men ; a cir cumstance which rendered him the dc light of his friends at all periods of his life. Even in his last sickness, near the end of his life, he uttered a joke. Sink. lug back upon his couch when some friends came to see him, tie apologized for so doing by saying, with a pleasant smile, "I always talk more easily when I lie." Study Jefferson, study Madison, you young men who would be worthy olti zensof this Republic. Study their lives —study their works. Execution of William Donovan The Prisoner Dies Protesting his Inns. Y. 11K, Pa., March 31.—At an early hour this morning the streets of York gave In dication of something unusual in progress. Small knots of persons could be seen at the different street corners, discussing the great event of the day, and as the time wore on, considerable public commotion was visible. The main topic of conversation during the morning was the conflicting opinion as to the gollt•or innocence of Donavan. Many can be found ;who express grave doubts as to his guilt. His manner until he retired last night, about twelve o'clock, was cool, dogged and determined, and no efforts or his spiritual advisers could get a confession from him. He rose this morning betimes, and ate a a moderate breakfast, after which he bad a very affecting interview with his wife, his children not being present. His wife re mained with him until nearly 8 o'clock, when she retired to give way to the priests, who administered the Holy Sacrament to the prisoner, during which his wife walked disconsolately up and down the corridor of the prison, a brown veil hiding her features from all gazers. During the morning a rumor was circu lated and generally credited that the Gov ernor would grant Donavan a respite, but there was no real round for the report. At half-past 11 o clock, Sheriff Engles, ac companied by the deputy sheriffs and the reporters of the public press, entered the coil of the condemned man, and one of the priests proceeded with some religious rites. The condemned man was dressed In ma. almere pants and a blue Jacket. He held an ebony crucifix in his hand, and kept re peating, 'The Lord have mercy on me," and Ina penitent manner threw his oyes heavenward. A slight tremor was visible in his frame, yet he was wonderfully col lected under the circumstances. Ho sub mitted to the placing of a noose around hie neck without apparent emotion, still keep ing his eyes heavenward. His arms were pinioned in the cell, and during the entire time he kept muttering praises to the Deity. Exactly at twenty minutes to twelve o'clock the procession was formed; the prisoner, supported by fathers Murray and Bur meister, and holding before himself the cross, emerged from the cell, and was fol lowed by the sheriff and deputy-sheriff and the reporters, During the walk to the scaffold ho kept repeating: "The Lord be merciful to me; Lord, have mercy on me ; God bless my wife," etc. He ascended the scaffold with a firm step, still muttering to himself'. After he reached the scaffold, the Sheriff asked him if he had anything to say, for now was the time to do it. The condemned then faced the assem bled crowd, and spoke as follows: " I here stand in the presence of the Saviour of the world, and I am as innocent of the murder as the Saviour of the world is. I don't know who done it; I was in my bed on Sunday night, and don't know anything about the murder." While the Sheriff was fixing the black cap, the prisoner turned to him and thanked him for the many acts of kindness he bad received from him. He then said, "God be with you all ; you are hanging an Innocent man. God bless my wife and children ; I will see them hereafter." The platform was then cleared and the poor wretch stood on the brink of eternity. A moment's pause, and the Sheriff pulled the platform from under, and the body of William Donavan hung in mid air. His neck was broken by the fall, and he died a re markably easy death. There was a scarcely preceptible niovement of the legs, and all was over. The body was left hanging the usual time, and was then taken down for interment. Terrible Blot Near Pitteburg The Pittsburg Commercial says : Intelli gence reached the city yesterday evening that a desperate riot was going on at the coal mines of John O'Neill 6: Son, at Pine Run, on the Monongahela river, three miles above McKeesport. The first intimation of the riot was received by the Mayor, who was telegraphed to send up immediately ten or twelve policemen and the Coroner. Chief Greene enrolled thirty men, who were properly armed, and drilled for the encoun ter they would probably be engaged in, but previous to the time for the departure of the train, a telegram was received stating that the services of the police would not be need ed last night, as the rioters had dispersed. Relative to the origin of the riot, it seems that some time ago the miners in the' em ploy of Mr. O'Neill d: Son struck for a cer tain rate of wages; After holding out until yesterday they returned to work, which so exasperated the miners in the neighbor ing works that they determined to compel them to quit labor and hold out. With this object in view some two hundred men from the neighborhood of Six Mile Ferry arrived about noon yesterday at O'Neill's works, armed with clubs. They called upon the miners to come out and cease work. Their demand was refused by Mr. O'Neill and his men, and a collision ensued between the parties. Mr. O'Neill, and his men were armed in anticipation of the trouble, and at the outset of the rioters discharged their weapons at them, killing one man, and wounding five, only one of the latter, how ever, seriously. In the melee, Mr. O'Neill was severely, but not dangerously wounded by blows from clubs. having met with a warmer reception than they anticipated, and not caring to prolong the fight with clubs against powder and lead, the mob dispersed. After the rioters had left, Mr. O'Neill was reinforced from the neighborhood, and last night himself and property was guarded by ono hundred armed men. His son will be in the city to-day, and make an informa tion before Mayor Blackmore against the rioters, when a sufficient armed force will be sent up for their arrest. Coroner Claw son will go up to the scene of the riot this morning, and hold an inquest upon the man who was killed. queen Victoria . . There are a great many people wh., en tertain the notion that Queen Victoria will (to speak after the manner of the Hiberni ans) be the last King of England, and who accordingly fancy that the monarchy will soon come to an end. But a Boston writer mentions the rather startling circumstance that if she live as long as her grandfather, George 111., her reign will extend into the Twentieth Century. Though the Queen has been nearly thirty years on the throne she is not yet 49 years ()rage; and should she prove as long-lived as were all others of the Han overian British Sovereigns, she will remain on the throne long after the greater part of this generation have passed away. The Boston writer furnishes the following curl -0114 data: "George I. died at 137, George IL at 77, George 111. at 82, George IV. at 68, and William IV. at 72. They are a long lived race, the Guelphs, ono of them, George dying in the sixtieth year of his reign, the longest reign in English history, He was 81 years, 7 months and 16 days old when he departed this life, and the same number of years, months and days vouch safed to Queen Victoria would cause her death to fall on the 4th of January, 1901." As nobody has yet been able to entertain the idea that the English people will ever drive Queen Victoria from the throne she fills so well, however many Reform bills may be passed, we may thus set ourselves at rest about the stability or the English monarchy until the fast men of the Twenti• eth Century step upon the stage. Gen t Ilancoek's New Command WASHINGTON April 1. Genoral - Hancock has not yet selected the members of his staff, but will do so In a few days. This afternoon he issued an order assigning Brevet - Maj. Gen. S. S. Carroll, Lieutenant Colonel 21st Infantry, to duty upon his staff as Inspector General. GOl3. Hancock this morning received a very large number 4 the officers of the army stationed In this city, at his temporary headquaters, ori atom, in the building used by Gen. Emory,' the commander of the Department of Washington. There was an animated - display of frater nal feeling among the many officers assem • bled together. Gen. McFerren, Chief Quaitermaster of the Department of Washington; is, now en gaged In selecting a building to bemired as the permanent headquarters of Gen.'llan cock. Fire at Lewistown, Ale Lawurrowx, April I.—The interior Of West & Webster's woolen mill at Sabath; was burned on Monday night. The loss will amount to many thousand dollars. The property is insured in the Hartford and New York offices. The bouse,stnd barn be longing to Peter Dresser, and the shoe manufactory of Thorne & Dresser were burned in this city last night• The proper• ty is partly insured. IMPEACHMENT. Examination of Witnesses. Interesting Debate. WAsuliterron, March Si. The Impeachment court assembled at 12 o'clock, with the galleries only partially tilled. After quiet had been restored, Mr. Wilson arose and oontinued the evidence In support of the articles. Fifth—lie offered a copy of the resolution of the Senate refusing,to concur in the Presi dent's amputate : Sixth—The correspondence of the Prosi. dent with Secretary Stanton and General Thomas, ordering the former to deliver over to the latter the War Offloe. Seventh—An extract from the Journal of the Senate, showing the proceedings of the Senate in executive session, on receiving the President's message, removing Stanton and appointing Thomas. Eighth—A :copy of the commission of Secretary Stanton as Secretary of War. Mr. Butler then rose and directed that the lira witness, Mr. Wm. J. McDonald, the Clerk of the Senate bo called Mr. McDonald appeared and took the oath. He testified that he left certified copies of the action of the Senate on Seers. lazy Stanton's removal at the Executive mansion. Mr. John Jones, Stationery Clerk of the Senate, was then called to the witness stand, and testified that he delivered to Gen. Thomas a copy of the notion of the Senate on Mr. Stanton's removal, at a masquerade ball, about eleven o'clock at night. Mr. Creecoy, Appointed Clerk of the Treas ury Department, then took the stand to testify as to the difference between oommls dons used before and after the passage of the tenure of office act. Mr. Stsnbery arose and asked Mr. But ler the meaning of the testimony of this witness. -- - Mr. Butler replied by saying that the board of managers expected to prove by the difference of the commission used In the Treasury Department before and after the passage of the tenure of office act, that the President had ordered the Treasury Depart ment to recognize this act as valid. The witness testified to the changes indi cated which were read by Secretary For. nay. The words stricken out were "dur ing the pleasure of the President for the time being." The form of commission for mere temporary appoint inmate was also pro duced, and witnesses testified to the strik ing out of the same words above quoted and the substitution in their place of the words, "unless the commission be sooner revoked by the President of the United States for the time being." The commission issued to Cooper, the Assistant Seorectary of the Treasury. was then presented, and Mr. Butler continuing to examine, asked if the Senate was then in session. The witness replied that he thought not, and in answer toanother question, said that Cooper did not qualify under that commis sion, but under another which was then read. The Hon. Burt Van Horn was the next witness. He wee examined as to the inter view at which himself and several other Congressmen were present, when General Thomas made a formal demand upon Sec retary Stanton for possession of the War office, as Secretary, ad interim. Ho read from a printed copy of the evidence he had previously given before the Committee on Reconstruction. In cross examining, Mr. Stanbery asked what was Mr. Van Horn's business at the War Department on that occasion? Mr. Van Horn answered that.he went to see Mr. Stanton, and in• reply to a further questioning, he said his visit was owing to the interest he took in the subject of the removal of Mr. Stanton, and then he went in company with two others. Mr. Stanbery asked if he went prepared to take notes, and was answered that the witness bad a white envelope In his pocket, and was in the habit of carrying a lead pencil. Mr. Stanbery continued at length his questions about the notes of the conversa tion taken by Mr. Van Horn and what be came of them. The object of his cross-ex amination seeming to be with a view to showing that the matter was preconcerted, and not accidental on the part of the wit ness and other Congressmen. Mr. Van Horn said there wad one remark of Mr. Thomas' which he did not take down at the time, and Mr. Butler desiring to know what it was, Mr. Van Horn said that Mr. Thomas said to Mr. Stanton in the conversation that he did not want any unpleasantness with him. Mr. Moorhead, the next witness, another Congressman present at the time, gave from his original memoranda an account of the interview. A cross-examination of this witness was also made by Mr. Stanbery, and some points of it created considerable merriment, as when he elicited the fact that GOO. Thomas did not go armed to take pos session of the War 011idoe. Mr. Moorhead saying there was some important converse- Lion which be did not remember, such as Jocose remarks. Mr. Stanton tried to geL him to recollect some of these jokes, but without success. The examinations by the managershave thus far been very brief, while the council take it very easily and evidently seem dis posed to use up as much time as possible. Mr. Burleigh, delegate from Dacotab, was the next witness. On being asked if be knew General Thomas, Mr. Stanberry wished to know what the prosecution ex pected to prove by this witness. Mr. Butler announced that they expected to prove that General Thomas intended to obtain possession of the War Office by force. Mr. Stunbery objected to the testimony of the witness, and the Chief Justice de cided that the evidence was inadmissable. Mr. Drake made a point that the Chief Justice had no power to decide such a ques tion. He proceeded to speak in support of his view, but was called to order by Mr. Johnson, the question not being debatable. Mr. Chase stated the position to be that the Chief Justice, as presiding officer, had a right to decide legal points, and that any Senator differing could appeal to the Senate whether such decision should stand ; as the sense of the court. Mr. Butler rose and asked if this right also extended to managers, and the Chief Justice said be thought it did not. Mr. Butler proceeded to speak innpposi tion to the decision of the Chair. Ho did not consider the Chief Justice a member of the court, and insisted, as a vital point, that he could not stand between the managers and the Senate, to prevent them from sub mitting, on the part of the House of Repre sentatives. a question of law, except by the courtesy of some of the Senators. Ha cited precedents from English impeachment trials in support of his position. The Chief Justice restated his position that it was his duty to decide upon further admissable evidence subject to the decision of the Senate should any Senator desire to have the questions submitted, and said the question before the Senate now was whether his view should be sustained. Mr. Drake excitedly interposed at this point, saying that he objected to the right of the Chief Justice to decide a question of this kind, and was rapped down as out of order. Mr. Conk ling asked to have the rule of the Senate in relation to this subject read, which was done, and Mr. Bingham then spoke briefly in opposition to the right of the Chief Justice to decide any questions. Senator Wilson moved that the Senate re tire for consultation, which proposition seemed to meet with general disapproval. Mr. Sherman submitted in writing a question asking the managers for informa tion as to American precedents on this sub ject. Mr. Boutwell followed in an argument that the Constitution vested In the Senate exclusive authority on all questions wl4ch could arise in the course of the trial. Mr. Bingham then read an abstract of au thorities on the subject. Mr. Butler then read from the trial of Judge Chase to show that the presiding of ficer at that time did not decide incidental questions of law which arose, but submit ted them to the Senate. Mr. Everts very briefly argued that the Chief Justice should make preliminary de cision on interlocutory questions. The question being then put, and the yeas and nays being called whether the Senate should retire for deliberation; the vote stood—yeas 25, nays 25, and the Chief Justice announced that he voted in the af firmative, declaring the motion carried. At last, at twenty minutes past 6, the Sen ate returned when the Chief Juane°, having called the body to order, said: The Senate has had under consideration the question, which was discussed before dt retired, and has directed me to report the following rule: RULE 7. The presiding officer of the Sen ate shall direct all necessary preparations in the Senate Chamber, and the presiding officer of the Senate shall direct all the forms of proceedings when the Senate ite,sitting,for theurpose of trying an impeachment, and all fo p rms during the trial, not otherwise es pecially provided for, and the presiding officer on trial may note on all questions of evidence and on incidental questions, which decision will stand as the Judgment of the Senate tor decision, orhe may, at his option, in the first instance, submit any such ques tion to a vote of the members of the Senate. - - • - - • .Mr. Butler intimated that the managers desired to retire for a consultation. Senator Trumbull said that unless the managers desired the Senate to continue in session, he would now move an adjourn ment The managers Intimated that they did not. Senator Trumbull then made the motion for an adjournment to twelve o'clock to morrow, which was carried. The Chief Justice vacated the chair, and the Senate having resumed its legislative session, adjourned at twenty minutes peat six. WASEUVEITON, April 1. SENATE.—The Court opened at 12.30 P. X The minutes of yesterday were read up tolhe vote cast by the Chief Justice to de cidathe vote on the question of retiring for dell! ration s when Mr. Sumner made a moticidlo correct the journal by inserting the expeesaion of the Senate's opinion that said votaof the Chief Justice was limn- NUMBER 14 thorized and of no °Dot. On this motion the yeas and naps were taken, and resulted —yeas 21, nays 27 ; so the motion was not agreed to. The question as to the impossibility of Burlalgh's testimony about a conversation between,himself and General Thomas, was submitted to tho Senate by the Chief Jus tice, Befbro the vote was taken. Senator Preolingbuysen inquired whether the man agers intended to mined the testimony of this witness with tho respondent's. Mr. Butler said they proposed to do so, Mr, Stanberry then said the Court had at length reached a point requiring the oon sideratiou and argument of the question, whether or not tho declarations of General Thomas were to be used against the Presi dent though not proven to bo authorized by himself. Mr. Stan berry contended that the President's intention could be show[[ only by the orders themselves. The order and letter of authority given to them did not make him a general agent of the Presi dent; they authorized him to do only cer tain specific things. When a prop e r Mum dation of proof of it conspiracy is tail thou the declaration of ono of the supposed con. spirators may be deemed sutlluient to lin- plicate another. No such foundation of proof had been laid then, If it were admit- j ted, which he denied, that the loner or an thority constituted a relation between Thomas and the President of Principal and General Agent. Mr. Boller said the Managers claimed that the President had long Intended to vio late a certain law. He did violate It, and , then called to his aid a general of the a rot y. r He then gave an order to (tonere' Tl/01111m to take possession of the War Department, which Counsel sold was In the usual form. This he (Butler) claimed was not true; it had certain ear marks about It which showed an unusual Interest. Thu wording was-You will immediately tithe possession. Mr. Stanton, when he at ilmt yielded, did so, as he said, only to superior force. After his reinstatement he was more strongly fortified, nod no num not besotted could believe that he would again yield, ex cept to superior force: The President could not have pressed him to yield, otherwise the President intended to do an unlawful act, and Thomas consented to aid him, and thus conspiracy was constituted on tins ground. The Managers claimed their right in in troduce the testimony in question. Mr. Curtis nplied to Butler. He said it was a sufficient objection to the first part of the question to be submitted, that the evidence sought to bo introduced was im material to the charges In issue, whether it was made by un incompetent or a compe tent witness. It was also an objection that the hearing on the question of what was the President's intention had not been made on oath by a witness and could not be ad mitted unless shown to come within a recognized exception to the rule. In brief no declarations or General Thomas could show the President's intent. If any could they must have been made as sworn testi mony. The managers claimed to have shown there was a conspiracy to romoye Mr. Stanton by force, whereas the only evi dence they had presented was in an en deavor to show simply that there was conspiracy to remove Stanton, nothing hav ing been advanced to prove that the em ployment of force was contemplated. Ile combatted, at length, the argument of Mr. Butler maintaining that the authorities, cited by the latter, were inapplicable to the point in dispute. The statements of Butler that the President's answer admits this in tention to remove Mr. Stanton front an Mike, he legally held,was not correct. The Senate decided, by a vote of 30 to 11, that the witness should be allowed to an swer Mr. Butler's question. Mr. Burleigh was then called, and said that on the evening of the first of February he went to see Gen. Thomas, at his residence. Thomas told him he had been appointed Secretary ad interim, and had gone to the Department and demanded possession, and that Stanton asked him if he would give him time to remove his papers. The wit ness understood Thomas to say that he had already issued orders as Secretary of War. He also said he intdnded to take possession next morning at 10 o'clock. In reply to an inquiry by witness, Thomas said he would use force to obtain possession, if he was re fused. Mr. Butler asked the witness if he had had any conversation with General Thomas while he was acting as Adjutant-General. Mr. Everts inquired what date the ques tion applied to. Mr. Butler said this appoiniment to that office was made about a week tefdre he at tempted to gain possession of the War Go. partment. Mr. Evarts asked what tho purpose of the testimony was. Mr. Butler said it was toshow that Thomas has attempted to seduce his brother officers from their duty. ust as Absalom had sat at the gate and tried to draw off the people from their allegiance to King David. Mr. Everts. Do you intend to put Ab salom into your question? Mr. Butler. No; I use him as an Illus tration. [Laughter.] After a recess of fifteen minutes. Mr. Butler read the question he proposed to put to the witness asap what he had heard Thomas say to the Clerk of the War Office during the week prior to February 21st. Mr. Evarts objected, on the ground of ir re valency. Mr, Butler made a reply. Mr. Everts rejoined, denying that the ruling :which permitted the introduction of a declaration made subsequently to Febru ary 21st, allowed the presentation of decla rations made previous to that time. There had been no proof adduced In support of the assertions and villifying remarks made about General Thomas, and they were un called for certainly, at the present time. Mr. Bingham argued briefly in reply, and cited authorities in support of the position of the managers. The Chief Justice ruled that the question could not be put, no evidence having been offered In proof of conspiracy before Feb ruary 21st. The question was submitted and the yeas and nays resulted 28 to 22,and the question was put. ' _ The witness heard Gen. Thomas make an address to:a number of the clerks in the War Office, about a week or ton days prior to February the 21st, in which he said he in tended to relax the harsh and arbitrary rules made by his predecessor regarding the clerks. As gentlemen they could go out and come when they pleased,if they were absent only a reasonable time. Mr. Butler then asked If Gen. Thomas had, since February the 21st, restated any portion of his conversation 'with Mr. Bur leigh about breaking down the doors of the War Department. Objected to by Mr. Everts, as were also several modifications of the question, which was finally put, as follows : Ifave you had any conversation since the first one and since his appointment as Secretary of Wur ad interim, wherein he has said anything about using force in getting into the War Office, or any other way, reasserting his former conversation, and if so, what he said? The witness replied that be had asked Thomas last week why the performance promised had not come off. He answered it was because he was arrested by the Mar shal early in the morning, otherwise he would have broken In the doors, ‘l,:c. In the cross examination by Mr. Stan bery, the witness said ho west In the De partment on business with the Adjutant General. Thomas made same address to each of four or five clerks, as they came into the office, to the effect that he would not hold them to a strict accountability about coming to work precisely at o'clock, but that on resuming his position 11. Adju tant General, he was disposed to relax somewhat the severe rules made by his pre decessor. He should, of course, expect a faithful performance of their duties. He spoke only to the employees of his own de partment. Samuel Wilkinson was then called and testified that he had known them for six or seven years. Had a converration with Win on the afternoon of February 21st, nt the War Department in which Thomas said that, since lie affair had become public, lie felt able to talk about without reserve. He stated that he bad demanded possession of the War office and Stanton had asked If time would be allowed him to remove his papers, which be, Thomas, granted. He expressed to witness theintention to demand possession on the Monday following, and could, if necessaN, call on the General of the army for assistance, which he thought could not be refused. At Willard's lintel, that evening, he reiterated the same inten tion, except that he would carry them Into effect the next morning. He seemed to mean what he said. Gross examined by Mr. Everts. Is con nected with the press ; Thomas told him on Friday lie had issued an order to close the Department on Saturday. Witness did not know whether it was issued as Adjutant General, or es Secretary of War. On direct examination. Heard Thomas say he claimed to be Secretary of War. Geo. W. Karzener: Had known Thomas many years; saw him at at levee at the President's on the 9th inst.; said to hint, "General, the eyes of Delaware are upon you, the people ask you to stand firm." Thomas replied that he intended to and that, in a short time, he would kick that fellow out. He did not say who it was whom he intended to kick out. Witness understood him to refer to Mr. Stanton. Croes•eaamined by Mr. Staubery. The Court adjourned at 5 o'clock and the Senate went into execu,tive session. WASHINGTON, April 2. SENATE.—The Court of Impeachment as sembled. Mr. Drake offered an amendment to the seventh rule. Laid over. Mr. Stanberry, of counsel, wished to re call for n moment Mr. Karzener, of Dela ware. There being no objection,, witness was re-called and underwent a searching crone-examination, in relation to his inter view with Mr. Stanton. Wbeneaked what was hia object in see ing Stanton be Bald, well, I seen all the weit men in Washington and wished to see Mr. Stanton. RATE OF ADVIIIIITININe. El7lllllOllll ADVeRTIIVAYINTI, 112 a Year Ye ours of ten lines; $0 per year for earn ad• olltdonal square, Rum WATS ADVIIRTIVEO, e ac h oehla a lin e:for the arid, sad omits foraubsequent union. 1114XRAL A DVIMTISINO 7 Cents a line for the first, and 4 cents for each auteequont Ingot- Uon. SPECIAL Notions Inserted In Local Ooltnns 15 cents per line. SPIaLLY. Nations preceding marriages and deaths, 10 Dents per Ilne for drat Insertion' and 6 ants tar ovary anbaeolent Insertion, 1210 AL AND OTU K a rkmosil— Executors' LOU Adnilniatralors' notices, .......... 150 Aulanees. notions LOU Auditors' 2.00 Other "Notices,' ten fines, (Wielis' three time. f. 60 Q,—ln that convarantion with Mr. Stan ton, was any refbronoo mado to your run _ variation with lion. Thourut? A.—l think them was. (I.—Dld you recovo noto fr Mr. Stanton at that time, a Memoranda o ? m A.—No sir. Q.—ma ho spoak about your being ex =Mod am a witness berm.° the Commlllea, or that you should ho? A.—Thuro was something to that utrect said. witness was then:dlncharge. Thomas \V. Furry, M. ef„ from Michigan, was coiled and testified that ho was present nt tho WArDupartunont of February tho 23d, and took memoranda of theoccurrenro and oouvoraatlon whiob he proceeded to read. Thoy corroborated the ie.atinony of t h e provloux altar' as to what woo (lotto in Mr. Stanton's room. In reply to Mr. Stentott's gno.llott to Thomas us to whether he Intended to etn. ploy force, the loner replied diet he tont mule up .. hls mind whet to do, aro. Win. B. Emory wan pineeJ on tho stand end te.titled an to his rank tool 1,1.1. ttott : Ant In commend of the 1)1411 -let of Wiontltnnoit shire September, 15.17. which department ootedsted or the District Ofrol umblo, Maryland and Delaware, 110 proceeded to give the nulintatmo of a convernetion with the Pronidont on totting command. Thu Prenidont ranked Mtn about Dm force in bin &pertinent. t len. Emory recommended itti Inereese in regard to the Maryland Slate titter& Witnesm told the President t het he did not Ilice the &genera tion arming other manors their uniforms was nifennive. The witness was sent for by tilt , 1 ' rt . 141111.111, through his Private Secretory, whose , note ho read. lfe gave the President the info'- Illation of the changes which bud been made to the depositing' or Ile troops in his department, and insured the I'loolmi that no change hail been ithin few days, as orders to effect the cliong,i must have wino through the whuesa, JONt as orders from the President minnt have come through General Grant. The while/4S called the President's attention to the pro vision attached to an approprfdion bill, which might have escaped his nonce. The President looked at It and said in cifeet that the provision woo not In accordance with the Constitution, or the tecins.or his (Gen eral Emory's) commission. Ile alluded to the fact that the President bail signed the net, and that he had consulted Ittibert .1. Walker and other °lncurs hail consulted Ruvordy Johnson, and these lawyers had pronounced It valid. 'rho witness thought uow he hail boon in ; error in saying ltevertly Johnson hail been consulted. The PromMout reularkoil that lin, porpomo of tho net was opparont, owl oiler I hooklug hum tho wltnoon Wlllldrow. The guttural ordur IHP4IIO In March, giving information of tho act of Congress requesting that all orders balsam,' through Mu (lemma of thu army, was prochtood 114 part or his ovidotwii. Cross examined. The copy of the order shown by the Pros• (dent did not contain the net itself. When it WWI received by the various tinny officers It gave rise to discussion among them, and to satisfy others he took the opinion of an eminent lawyer.as to its binding force, Ile had no doubt himself on this subject. The opinion was that officers could not pass upon Its constitutionality, but must obey it. Mr. Wilson then put In evidence a copy 111 of General Emory's 00Mit481011 for Mu or General by brevet. Also, 11 copy of theyor or under which Thomas resumed hie functions as Adjutant General. Also the original letter of (loners' Grant, asking the Proni• dent to put in writing his Instructions as to disregai ding the orders of Secretary Stan ton, until be should know that such orders were from the President. The managers then offered II letter of the President to General Grunt, dated Febru ary 10th, 1868, when Mr.Stanberry objected on the ground that the entire correspon dence should be produced, and naked what woe intended to be proved. Mr. Wilson replied that they proposed to prove, from this Mingle letter. the long med itated intention of the President to secure and retain Possession of the War afire In violation of The lottor wee received end put lu ovi deuce. Mr. Stanberry then called for the read ing of the document referred to In the letter us enclosed therein, namely, the statement of the live Cabinet officers, and on this point be called for a ruling. Mr. Everts stated the objections. Mr, Bingham argued that the mutter was not admissable ao evidence at all, and the objection was then made In writing that the letter wag not admissable In evidence un less the documents referred to as being en closed were offered or produced es port of Mr. Stanberry maintained that there was no difference between enelosing the docu ment and incorporating it in the body of the letter, in which latter case they would not of course be leftiout. Mr. Wilson rejoined briefly and said the managers were willing to submit the point to a decision without further argument. A stlfilcient number demanding the yeas and nays they were taken on the question of sustaining the objection, and resulted— yeas, 20; nays, 29; so it was not Stl.titilled. At 2.30 P. M. the court took a recess of ten minutes. • • • - During the roues, Mr. Stevens, in at tempting to reach a chair, toll on the floor of the Senate Chamber. Several Senators ran to his assistance, raised him, and help ed him to a chair. Ho appeared not to be much hurt. After the recess, Mr. Butler put In evi dence the order restoring General Thomas to the Adjutant General's office. William E. Chandler was then sworn and examined. By Mr. Butler. I believe you were once Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. I was. From what time to what time? From Juno 1865 till November 30, 1867 Q.—While in the discharge of the duties of the office, did you learn the office routine or practice by which money is taken from the Treasury for the use of the War Depart ment? A.—l did. Q,.—On the 20th of November, 1867, was there any vacancy in tho office of Assistant Secretary of the Treasury? A.—There was not. Q.—Was there a vacancy up to the 30th of November? A.—Thera was not. Q.—Do you know Edmund Cooper? Mr. Stanberry asked the objectof offering that testimony. Mr. Butler replied—The object Is to show ono of the ways and means described In the eleventh article, by which the President proposed to get control of the moneys of the 'freasury Department and of the War De partment. If the counsel has any other question to ask I shall be glad to answer It. Mr. Evarts—What part of the eleventh article do you propose to connect this testi mony with? Mr. Butler—With both the eighth and eleventh articles. The eighth article says that said Andrew Johnson, unmindful of the high duties of his office and of his oath of office, with intent unlawfully to control the disbursements of the moneys appropri ated for the military service and fur the de partment of war, did so and so. One of his means for doing it was to place his private secretary in the office of the assistant secretary of the treasury. I propose to prove that Edmund Cooper took possession of the office of Assistant Secretary of the Treasury before the 30th of November, showing that the President gave a commission illegally and lu violation of the tenure of office act, to which I wish to call attention. The sixth section of that act declares that the making, signing and sealing, countersigning or issuing any com mission or letter of authority in place of an officer whose removal has not been sent to the Senate, shall be deemed a high misde meanor. Therefore, the very signing of this letter of authority to Mr. Cooper, the sign ing if he did not issue tt, arid the Issuing if ho did nut sign it, there being no vacancy in the office, is a crime and is a part of the great conspiracy. The question, there fore, will be whether we will he allowed to go into that matter. For further proceedings see 2d page. Whac Wendell Phillips Says Wendell Phillips is now delighted with the prospect. " Everything," he says in his latest diatribe, "looks bright at Washing ton." There is little doubt as to the result of impeachment. Selfish politicians like Washborne would never have advo cated it until " they wereassured that thirty six Senators stood ready ~to convict." The country is "too fully aroutied to tolerate trai tors in the Senate. The Presidential can vass is too near, the need of Government patronage to check the Democratic Party too , urgent, to allow any wavering." (These are the very words of this shameless agita tor.) "No matter for the motive," ho cries; "all hail the result." Anti so he goes on, through sentence after sentence, apparently without the least sense of honor, or the slight est conception of political morals. But still, on taking a last survey, be sees one little cloud on the horizon. A nation now suf fering from a Presidential demagogue "stands ready to commit the helm, for the next four years, to a successful soldier, for whom his warmest friends dare not claim that he has any ideas—Vose drunkenness in the streets of Washington is not denied—and who has not yet condescended to let the country know which side of this great quee • tion of reconstruction his convictions, (if be has any,) lead him to take." We should think it would really be hard to tell what is the nee In changing from Johnson to this other drunkard and dolt. Of the growth of the -Astor estate some Idea may be formed bythe fact that a few years ago Mr. Astor paid a'tax of $40,000. This year his tax 161240,000, a KM equal to $7OO per day, while Commodore Vander hilt only pays $40,000, which is little more than $lOO per day.
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