Est ifitonanAg , Mom, ~.,rmittlMlD MET WZDSZISDAY MT 11.•0. SMITE *'oo. A,• J. STRINIKAN H. G. SMITH. TERMS—Two Donau per annum, payable all cases lu advance, Tun LIOIOIIIITZU DAILY lictitulairazn aublialrod every overarm, Sunday rmorPt s s. Ot 5 per Annum in advance, , OVECI -801.1TUWZOT CORNEA OY WINTRY SWAM . Pitlaii4lltooo. Corry 0 1 Lanus on Impeachment. (From tho Brooklyn Eagle.) WAsitINOToN, Feb. 27, 1888. Elan EAOLZ :—Perhaps you will be surprised to- hear that I am here. I kept it quiet and requested the oorres. pendants not to mention my arrival, for fear of agitating the country too much. As soon as the news of impeachment was flashed over the astonished country, I made up my mind, packed my valise, took an affectionateleave of Mrs. O'Lan us and the children, and -started for Washington. The situation at the National Capitol is exciting. Everybody feels that the crisis which was expected to arrive, but was fre quently postponed, has finally arrived. Alabama claims and the Alabama elections are both forgotten. The rights of naturalized citizens abroad are suspended, and England :nigh hang George Francis Train, and nobody, except possibly Train himself, would feel any concern about it. The change in the Width Ministry, and the removal of the Cunard steamers from Boston, aro events that excite no interest now. All thoughts aro turned on. IMPEAOLIMENT. (Hike-seekers who come to N ashing ton don't know whether to apply to Andy Jphnson pr Ben Wado. I have seen both. They are both confident and cheerful. Secretary Stanton is in astute of siege. The operations are conducted by Gen eral Thomas, who threatens to move on his works with a quo warrant°. Stanton sits In his office night cud .day with a revolver in each hand, a bull dog under his chair, and a bottle of Bourbon on the table to keep his cour age up. He don't eat anything for rear ol' be• lug poisoned. He hasn't slept fora week. Stanton's allies tried a diversion in his favor, and temporarily drove Thomas back on the Supreme Court. But the atmosphere of a court room being unhealthy to Radicals, they had to full back. Thomas rallied and Stan ton is as loosely Invested as ever. Congress is being backed up on all sides. Benhien the offer of Governor Cleary of the militia who etuuk no bravely to Pennnylvania when their eervloee were wanted In Paltryland, Governor Fenton hail Were(' to mend on hie "pardon brigade" of sing Hlng vetorane. Thu Kings county Loyal League hasn't boon hoard from. Whuro's Bellows? And Jou Reeve Ho far, 1 ton the only lighting repro• 'imitative of Kings county on hand. I reminded Ben Wade of this, so that If a now dual takes place the follows who staid at home In the hour of peril can't come here and claim collector• tthlps. Haw Chant yesterday, He ix as communicative AN ever. Ho said ho hud road my epistle ou horses, and ha' cut It out of the Eagle and pasted IL In his hat for reference. Ho thinks that I don't understand ruts qulte'so well. Said ho had some experience with rule, and had cleared out a whole swarm of them that were feeding at the public crib when he was ad 'interim in the War Department. "Yes, General," said I, "hut you let in the biggest and dirtiest rat of the tribe when you went out! But I guess we will trap him yet, and out ofF his official tail close up td his ears, What Is your opinion on that point?" "" Before you write that article you promised on pups,'' responded the General, you call on mei think 1 eau give you n few points. I know some thing about pups, particularly Marshall Brown's slut's pups." Our conversation was here interrupt ed by a chap connected with a New sensation weekly, (who wanted the General to give him\-the address of his grandmother, as he wanted to try and engage the old lady to write up family reminiscences for the paper. The Impeachment Committee of the House sit with closed doors—on account of the coolness of the weather. Thad. Stevens is still very feeble.' He. has to be supported by a chair when he sits down. He is riot able to hold his head up. Still he works night arid day at the artioiss of impeachment. A few of them have leaked out through the key hole. Andy Johnson is to be impeached on the following charges : For being Andy Johnson. For aggravating Congress by refer ring to an obsolete document, known asithe Constitution of the United States. For insisting that the Union has not been dissolved. For asserting that a white man is us good as a colored man. For maintaining that the President has a right to exorcise powers conferred upon the office by the aforesaid Con• stitution. Because Alabama didn't swallow the black draught of the Radical Constitu tion. For vlolalating the law against cruel ty to animals, in trying to alcila dirty dog out of the War Office. The Radicals have made more his tory since they have had charge of the Government than any other party since the old Revolutionary chaps who kicked up a row about a tea tax. They have had a civil war, a martyr, piled up the biggest national debt ever heard of, and now they are prepared to wind up with Impeachment ant revo lution. They are a lively party now, say what you will, and as long as the people will stand the expense they will give them plenty of excitement for their money. The Hon. D. Barnes spoke on im peachment. The Hon. P. Malloy Robinson was not on hand, consequently we missed hear ing what effect impeachment will have on Ireland. Many rumors are afloat, which are more or less reliable—generally less. There was a report that the Hon. John Morrissey had Introduced a com promise bill to settle the difficulty in a straightforward and artistic manner. Andy Johnson to fight Ben. Wade for the Presidency at catch weights, in the rotunda of the Capitol, according to the rules of the P. It. That the Speaker had ruled the mo tion out of order, when the Hon. John said if Colfax would come down on the floor he'd mash him. On which the Hon. J. M. was called to order by Gen. Banks and arraigned at the bar of the House until he treated the members around, the Sergeant•at- Arms fetching in the champagne. On referring to the Congrcsaional Globe I find no mention of any such proceedings. There is probably no truth In the tor sy. The still progresses. Thomas has invested him very closely. After receiving Sumner's note re questing him to "stick," Stanton had the seat of his pantaloons tacked to his chair, so that he couldn't be lifted out of it la case the office is carried by as sault. Supt. John A. Kennedy's nitro-gly cerine dispatch caused a thrill of con sternation. Every member of the House looks carefully under his chair before sitting down to see whether ho has been mined. Not a single member has yet been blown up, though some of the married ones may have been. Every stranger who arrives at Wash. Ington is searched to see whether he has a barrel of nitro.glycisrine about him. This is an hour and a place of peril, but it is some comfort to know that Kennedy is watching over us. Geese once saved Rome; Washington, like Balaam, may be saved by an ass. Yours, at the post of danger, COREY O'Larrus. P. B.—Another alarming dispatch has been received from Mulberry street. NEW YORK, Midnight (in haste.) To CongresB:—A man was seen about 4 o'clock this afternoon purchasing a jack knife in a hardware store in' the Bowery. A detective traced the fellow to the Jersey City ferry, where, not having three cents about him to pay his ferriage, and , the ferry-master, whole no doubtacoppeihead and a sympathizer with Johnson, refining to recognize his authority, the aim was obliged to give up the parsuit..v,:This man Is sufmosedlo:he on his way! to Washing for the _purpose; of musuisinating Con -grew .Look out for him; he wears au mutest and side whiskers, and his boots are rights and lefts. J. A. K., A, S. S. ... i pro, ~...u.,...,„.:4.,.d. • ?' (.l ' ' '''''''' ''''''. •, qii . *'• ," ~: :•• r , .i. , .'s, , ir.l ' ....,. ~.') r.: :, : f.: • • . 4 .- t'.% .;:', ':l..:^ n ' ' . 7 1 41 , 11 ~ , 1 4)' ' ''''.',,: `,.. 7 44, ,:, ..'. „i:: - ..' ..,;.: -,,,,,..,,, -,r,,... I . • .•• , , , ' l'.l 111, !,fl. Orr , ,Jl' . .• 0 4'. ' ;; W, .1../.. ' ': f.j : . , W.% ri;{: r! . i -: I, .. : ") . ' l, l[ '' '''''' ' ' ' litt t , .. •'. i, a. . .., ~,,, , . . 11: , r q ' , PI ,;. • ' . ' 'i ' l I. ' l ' . l :,. I 1 ....- , i ', j ' t ., . 3 7,1 !:I ;,, , • I, , ,f, . ~ f ~-. .. ' • • . ' . VOLUME 69 Why we Stopped the Join of ire. The last day had come, and the Joan of Aro was to leave Table Bay at two o'clock in the afternoon, The captain made a hasty breakfast, and beforeleav• fog the hotel asked us tohaveluneheon on , board, and see the last of the old ship,—an invitation we very gladly ao °opted. A large four-oared private boat Was kindly plaoed at our disposal by a gentleman at Cape Town, and after a pleasant row in the bay we found our• selves once again on the floe, broad quarterdeck of the Joan of Aro. It seemed like returning home; and as all the pleasant memories of the past six weeks rushed to my mind, I could not help wishing that Calcutta and not Cape Town had been our destination. Wo had a capital lunch, soon after which the captain came to tell us they were going to weigh anchor, and to escort me to the side, where our boat was waiting to take us ashore. I pass over the parting with our friends. Thole who have never made a long seavoyage would most likely wonder at the feed lugs of intimacy and friendship with which we regarded some of those who, but a few weeks before, had been stran gers to us. I felt strangely dreary as each stroke of the oars took us farther away from the old ship and all belong ing to it, and I gazed at Table Mountain and the white, apparently roofless houses of Cape Town with unreasonable aversion. Wo had nearly reached the shore, when my husband looked around the boat as if he missed something. " What is it?" I asked. " I don't see my umbrella," was the answer. " I gave it to you, did I not ? on board ship; and I don't remember seeing it afterwards." "Yes, I • had it," I returned after a moment's thought; "I must haveleft It in the captain's cabin when I was con soling poor Miss Green." Now, if my husband have a weakness if is for his umbrella. He will losemany a morevaluablearticle with equanimity and resignation ; but deprive him of his umbrella, and you deprive him at once of all his powers of manly fortitude and endurance. Wives generally know and humor their husbands' weaknesses ; and I said with an air of concern, "You must go back for it." He stood for a moment irresolute. For wife or baby he might not have turned back; but his umbrella—that silent friend, whose trim, make, well fashioned Joints, and silver band, with its owner's name neatly engraven thereon, seemed to link him still with theshady side of pleasant Pall Mall I A Cape umbrollal Good heavens! A shudder ran through his frame us ho thought of that course stunt. od caricature of his beloved companion. N?, the boat must be turned—a last oil ort made. So the words came sharply from his lips: "In, bow, and up with that mast—backwater, starboard; now in, all, and let that shoot out;" and be fore I knew we had " one about," our boat was skimming the bay before a delightful breeze off' shore. We had sailed but a short distance, when ono of our black orew said, look • log at the steamer, "She move—she under weigh." It was true,—her steam was up, and she was gliding slowly to wards the mouth of the bay. Difficulty adds a whet to all human pursuit. No thought of giving up entered my hus band's mind, though, as I remembered the constant asseverations of the cap tain as to never having been done in his life, either by crew or passenger, I felt bow unlikely it was, that he would stop his ship for us. We were, how ever, going faster than the steamer, and soon gained on her sufficiently to make those on board aware of our intention. We now waved ourocket-handker chiefs, and made imploring signals to them to stop; but though our proceed ings seemed to cause some commotion among the passengers, they did not ap pear to disturb the stony heart of the captain, for the vessel continued its course with imperturbable indifference. It now became a trial of who should give in. With renewed vigor we waved, implored, and shouted. Al last, when all hope was over, as we thought, we saw the chief officer (always a great friend of ours) walk to the captain, who was on the ship's bridge and remain in consultation with him. Evidently they were considering the propriety of stop ping the vessel. The captain shook his head,—the chief officer expostulated —the passengers' excitement increased. But we have gained the day,—the graceful movements of the vessel be. came slower and slower, and we were soon enabled to run under the accom modation ladder, which had not yet been hoisted in, and from the bottom of which our friend the chief officer in quired, amidst a breathless silence, what we wanted. My husband's ans wer elicited a shout of laughter from those near enough to hear it; and the officer sprang up the. ladder to go in search of the missing property, when a stern voice from the bridge called,— " Mr. Easy!" " Yes, sir." " What's the matter?" "Captain Lomax's umbrella, sir ; says he left It in your cabin,. sir." "His what, sir?" "Umbrella, sir." "Well, I am d—d!" returned the captain, as he took in all the enormity of our behavior. "Give her steam!" he shouted, but too late to prevent the rescue of the cherished article, which at that moment was dropped into its owner's hands by one of the sailors. With a last cheer from our friends on board, and reiterated good wishes on both sides, we parted again, and once for all, with the good old ship, which steamed slowly out of Table Bay, con tinued its stately course to the shores of the fur East. There were no rate in California be fore the gold discoveries. Then—in 1849—they were imported by sea in the rat's worst shape, that of the brown or Norwegian variety. Few of the interior towns were visited until 1852. Now they invest all parts of the State. In 1850 there were no rats in New Mexico, and it used to be a speculation how long the adobe houses would resist their gnawing teeth, whenever they should see lit to establish themselves in that country. It is said the rat was unknown before the Christian era, and that his first appearance in Europe was long after in the Middle Ages. This was the black rat, coming from no place of which we now have any record. He soon spread all over Europe ; and, from his hostility to the mouse, which had been known through all recorded time, it is strange that the smaller rodont has not been exterminated. He would be were he not, perhaps, even more pro• life than his bigger brother. The brown rat was not known in Europe before the eighteenth century ; and, though called a Norwegian rat, was actually imported from India. He is the strongestland most ferocious and de structive of his tribe. To-day, it is said, there is not a black rat in Paris— the race there having been killed out by the browner animal. This species was widely known all over the United States. The ravages of the rats of both species are enormous. How they can be got rid of is a question worthy the attention of the legislators. Such vermin, if possi ble, ought to be exterminated a rat, no matter how domesticated he may be, having no more right to live in a civil ized community than a wolf or a wild cat. Catholics in America. The Catholic Almanac for 1868, pub lished in New York, gives some statis tics of the Catholic church in America. In 1880 the American Cyclopedia esti mated that there were oniya little over 3,000,000 Catholics in the United States adhering to their doctrines. The best Catholic authorities now declare that nearly , five millions of persons belong to their denomination. In 1850 there were in Rhode Island and Connecticut only 16,000 Catholics; there are now 125,- 000. At _ the same time Pennsylva nia contained 89,501, while there are at, present 275,000 in the diocese at- Phila. delphia alone. In Illinois, there were 29,100,theanddistricfiaboutChicago now alone counts 150,000. The diocese of Albany and Buffalo have 430,000; against 128,288 in the whole State of New York in 1850; and there are 90,000 in Michi gan, while. in' 1850 there were but 16,- 122. The Catholic population in five New England States, excluding Massa chusettts, numbers 198,000. In one•half of Pennsylvania there are 275000. In New York, leaving out New Fork city and Brooklyn, 480,000. Michigan has 108,000; 'lndiana 105,000, Wisconsin 300,000, lowa 110,000, and part of Ohio 90,000.' The Catholics in Canada num ber abaut 900,000. Church Bella. (From an ninth Maurlna.' Bells, both ancient and modernjiave been applied to sacred purposes. There has been much controversy as to what the ancients called belle for they have been called by both ancients and mod erns by a great variety of names, viz.: Petasus, Codon, Nola, Clock &o. The Greeks had bells, for at Athens the priest of Proserpina used a bell to call thepeople to sacrifice; but it is not possible to discover when bells were first used in Christian churches. In the East, the people were informed of the hour of divine service by means of a rattle or beating on wooden boards with a hammer, and this custom was long retained. An old author tells us that the signal for divine worship was given by a trumpet, and Innocentus Anealdus Is of opinion, that all signals of hours were given by trumpets amongst the ancients, and bells were not introduced into churches until the sixth century. Bede first mentions them 080 A. n., and, certainly, after that period they became common and were often made the sub. Jeot of pious donations, both here and on the Continent. In the history of Ingulphus, wo read of Turkatulus, abbot of Croylend, who died 975. He caused a large bell to be made andpresented to his abboy. It was called Guth's°. His successor, Egebrlous, caused two largo bells to be made called Bartholomew and Bettel mus ; also two of a middle size named Turketulus and Taturims, and two small bells called Pegs and Bega. When the bell Guthlao was hung along with these Ingulphus affirms that such wonderful harmony was produced, that there was no ringing in all England to equal it. Pope John XIII., a.. D. 008, consecra ted a very large new bell in the Lateran Church, and, and gave it the name of John. In the Roman Pontificals is a service for the baptizing of bells; and Sir Henry Spelman, in his "Glossary," v. Campana, has preserved two mon kish lines on the subject of the ancient offices of belle,— Laude Deem vorum, plobom vow.), oongrego olarum, Dofuuotou pioro, postern fugo, foga d000ro." Brand quotes other monkish rhymes, which enumerate no less than sixteen purposes to which bells are or may be applied. The Couvru-feu or Curfew 8011, was rung every night, and is supposed to have been Introduced by William I, as a badge of servitude upon the English ; but the custom prevailed on the Conti nent long before his time, and was in tended us a precaution against fires, which were very frequent and destruc tive, as all the houses wore then built of wood. Henry I. le said to have restored the use of lamps and candles at court in the night after the ringing of the cur few, which had been prohibited by hie piodocemsors. At Barking, in Essex, is still a tower which bears the name of fire-bell or 'curfew, and in many parte of England, the custom of ringing the cur few bell has been only discontinued within the memory of many living now. In Longfellow's "Evangeline," we read of the curfew bell— ' " Anon tho boll train 1.130 belfry Rang out the hour of nine, the village curfew, and stalghtway Rose the guests and departed, and silence reigned In the household... The Passing Bell so named because it was tolled when any one passed from this life. Hence it was sometimes called the Soul Bell, and was rung that those that heard it might pray for the soul of the dying person. The number of times of tolling depended upon the rank of the person. It is specially mentioned In the account of the last moments of Lady Katharine Grey, who died a prisoner in the Tower, in 1607. The tolling of the "Passing Bell" continued as late as Charles IL's time. In olden times bells were used for many superstitious pur poses. The custom of the funeral knell first arose in the darkest ages, as did also the custom of the Passing Bell. The most ancient bells and cymbals are supposed to have been made of brass, and a special virtue was conceived to lie in that metal. The knives used in the ancient sacrifices were always made of brass. It entered into the composition of the sacred utensils in the temples : the sound of it was supposed to put de mons to flight, and witches used it in their incantations. So perhaps, we may suppose, that the ringing of bells for dying persons was connected with the reputed virtue of brass. The ringing of bells was supposed to drive away all the evil spirits which might assail the dying person. Every one, therefore, who could in his dying moments afford to pay the large sum of money required had the largest bell rung for his soul, as it was supposed that the greater the noise the more ef fectual would be the ringing of the bell. For if the superstition of our ancestors did not go so far as to believe in the vir tue of brass, they certainly thought that the mere noise was sufficient to drive away the evil spirits, which they believed were always hovering round_ the dying to make a prey of their souls. The tolling of the bell was supposed to strike them with terror. From this superstition arose the tolling of the bells at funerals; the bells being muffled for the sake of the greater solemnity. Bells were constantly rung during eclipses, and supposed to put all demons to flight. In Italy, the custom prevailed to much later date, and during great tempests the women assembled, ringing bells and beating cymbals. Now the Passing Bell is no longer rung, but the morning after the death of any person, the bell is tolled at eight o'clock, and at the end of the tolling (in Yorkshire and Dorsedthire, and pro bably elsewhere), nine knells are tolled for a man, six for a woman, and three for a child. In Somersetshire three knells are tolled for a man and only two for a woman. The Sanctus, or Saint's Bell, was thus called because rung when the priest came to the words of the mass " Sancta sancte, sancte, Deus Sabaoth," that all persons who were absent might fall on their knees in reverence of the holy office going on in the churches. It was usually a small bell rung by hand simi lar to those still in use in the Roman Catholic churches, but it was frequently placed where It might be heard farthest; in a lantern at the springing of the steeple, or in a turrett at the angle of the tower, or for the convenience of being more easily rung, within a cote or turret between the church and the chancel, the rope in this situation falling down into the choir not far from the altar. Several of these turrets, and some with the bells In them, are still seen in our country churches, and in several church es in Somersetahlre the Sanctus bell is still rung at the commencement of the service. It is said that among the Greeks, belle began to be disused after the taking of Constantinople by the Turks, as the latter forbade the use of bells lest their Bound should disturb the repose of souls. At Bordeaux, also, we hear of the peo ple being deprived of their bells on ac count of rebellion, and when offered them again, they refused to have them, having learnt the ease and conveniency of being freed "from the constant din and jangling of bells." The largest bells in the world are gen erally stationary bells, used only for clocks to strike upon, or at the most are occasionally swung frame high, or up to the horizontal position, whereas bells rung in a peal, like our church bells, are swung completely up or raised and set with the mouth upwards when the ringers stop between the peals. No other nation in the world ring their bells in this way, but they only half raise them and ring their chimes by tue easier and less effective plan of tolling, wherein the bell swings just enough to make the clapper strike it. The only objection to our mode of ringing our bells, is not the hard work, as it is a most healthy ex; ercise, but when the bells are very large and the tower is weak, either from de cay if it is old, or poverty of construc tion if it is modern, the horizontal thrust of the bells is too much for it to bear.— Not that it is not safe to ring the bells, because the tower sways with them.— Stone, like everything else, is elastic to a certain extent, and many a tower has gone on vibrating for centuries without being the worse for it. The largest bell rung in a peal in England, and probably in the world, is tenor in the peal at Exeter, which weighs 87 cwt. The peal of bells at the Exeter Cathedral is the largest *peal of bells in England, and they are, of course, very old.' There areteu bells in the peal, and though the earliest date for recasting the bells appears in the chapter book dated September 28th, 1889, the tenor bell B bears the name of Grandison inscribed upon it, and as Grandison was Bishop of Exeter from 1827 to 1889, It is most probable the bell was put up about his time, and In LANc4sTER PA. WEDMIDAY MORNU . G MARCH 25 1868 'lofted with , his name, u It •wu the ancient cutout to name the belle eltner in honor °looms saint or the donor of the bell, The ninth bell in the Exeter peal is named "Stafford." The eighth bell, called the " old nine o'clock," was probably the Curfew bell rung in olden times at eight or nine in the evening. The seventh bell bears the name of "Cobthorne," and the sixth bell is called the "Doom bell." Though I have not been able to discover the exact origin of, the name, it was probably rung at the time of executions. There is an order In the chapter book for re•easting it, dated 1608. The fifth is inscribed "Fox," after Bishop Fox, who was Bishop of Exeter from 1487 to 1491 • and who is said to have given the Cathedral the curious clock and the great Peter bell which is in the North tower. The " Keble " bell has the date of 1729, when it was re-esst. And the second and third belle bear the dates of 1616 and 1658. The best small peal of bells in Eng land le said to be at Castle Camps in Cambridgeshire. Denison tells us that no good peal of 'eight belle, or even a single good bell of thirty hundred weight, has been cast within the last thirty years; and the art of casting very large bells, say of four tons or six feet in diameter, had perished long before that. There has been no goo. bell of that size oast within the last century and a half at lead. That of St. Paul's, which had to be cast twice over and was made in 1709, though better than any of the later ones, is not gen erally considered a really good bell ; for though the art of bell-fouuding survhd the other Gothic arts for several centu• ries, it has of late sunk very low. The tone of a bell depends conjointly 'on the diameter, the height, and the thickness, the smaller bell yiJkiing the lower note, other things being equal. The shape of bells le different in different countries, being more cylindrical or con ical in one than another; and having evidently originated in cymbals or basins, it is probably that from remote ages to the present time there may have been a gradual progression from a flat circular plate to a figure nearly ap proaching a cylinder, Denison says: "The foreign bells are not superior to the English, and that long-waisted bells, like the French, or rather a flower-pot form are inferior to those whose internal height is not more than a quarter of their diameter, and more contracted in the waist. The tone or note of a bell can be altered by cut ting, whereas the tone or quality of the sound Is incurable if it is bad. Belle are made of different substances, which produces a difference in the Bound. Glass is one of the most sonorous bodice of which bells are constructed, but we have hoard of wooden bells in the East, although throughout Europe they are made of a compound of copper and tin, called boll-metal, to which silver is said to have been occasionally added. This, as I have already said, Mr. Denison declares to have been a vulgar error, though many still believe the old superstition. Modern bell-founders say that the composition of bell-metal ought to be four parts of copper to one of tin. Enormous furnaces are necessary for the casting of church bells, as the whole pasting must be made atonoe ; but a de scription of this le too long a subject for me to enter upon. The casting of a bell is most beautifully described in Schil ler'e "Des Lied von der Glooke." We have learnt by experience, that if we make a set of belle of any shape or any metal, so long as they are of mil form shape and composition, and with all their dimensions (thickness in• oluded) varying, according to the following numbers-00, 54 48, 45, 40, 30, 32, 30; they will sound the eight notes of the common dia- tonic scale, and will be, in fact, a peal of eight bells in perfect tune with each other, no matter in what key, and no matter whether they are good or bad bells. The eight largest bells of the Exeter peal are in these proportions. The thinness of modern bells is made still more injurious by their being made of softer and less elastic metal than the old ones. The difference in the quan tity of tin does not affect the note, though it does the quality of the tone. The tenor of a peal of eight bells ought not to weigh lees than a ton, and 16 or 18 cwt. Is not at all too heavy for the tenor of a peal of six bells when made of the proper thickness or note, which ought not to be lower than G or F. About 30 cwt. Is the best weight for a peal of eight, and the tenor of a peal of ten bells ought not to be less than two tone, or in a peal of twelve, 3 tone. The largest peal of 6 bells is atSherborne, where the bells are very old and famous, and they are nearly the same size and weight as the Bow bells, of which the tenor weighs aboite 53 cwt., and the sixth above it 2 cwt. Two more bells were added to the peal at Sherborne in 1858, so that they have now a peal of eight belle, as well as the Sanctus bell, which bears the usual in scription, " Ave Marla, ora pro noble ;" and the Fire bell, on which are inscribed the words— " Lord, quench this furious flame, Arise, run, help, put out the same." It is rung by the sexton on the first alarm of a fire. The tenor bell at Sherborne was the gift of Cardinal Wolsey, who at onetime was rector of Limington, near. Ilchester. This bell was the smallest of the seven bells imported from Tournay, and dis tributed by him among the cathedrals of Lincoln, Exeter, Oxford, &c. It is called Great Tom, after its donor, and has the following legend attached to it— " By Wolsey's gift I measure time for all; To mirth, to grief, to church, I serve to call." Wood Hangings Instead of Paper. Our attention has recently been called to one of the most practical inventions which has been introduced to the public for a long time, and one which must come into common use. We refer to a new article for covering the walls of houses and other buildings, and which will, to a great extent, supersede the use of common house paper. For ex ample, one in building or repairing his house can have the walls covered with white wood, bird'e.eye or rook maple, beech, cherry, white or yellow birch, chestuut,'ash, black walnut, mahogany, or rosewood, instead of paper. The roll of wood is placed on the walls by paper hangers, with paste and brush, pre cisely in the same manner with paper. The wood is wet when used, and really works easier than paper, because it is much more tough and pliable. In these days, when variety is sought for, one can finish the walls of his house in dif ferent woods, to suit his. taste. One room can be finished in bird's eye ma ple, another in chestnut, another in cherry, another in white wood, and so on. Thus he has no imitation, but the real genuine article upon his walls. The eye tires of set figures, such as we have in ordinary paper-hangings, but never of nature itself. The longer the wood hanging remains on the wall the more distinct will be the grain and color of the wood. The wood can be oiled, varnished or shellacked and then washed at pleasure, and thus kept perfectly clean. It will not crack or spilt in using, and when on the walls stand like solid work. Rooms have been finished with wood hangings and exposed for months to the strongest heat from common stoves without the slightest sign of peeling off or warping. The article, when ready for use, is very thin, and a log measuring twenty four inches in diameter would make one hundred and twenty-five rolls con taining thirty-fix square feet each. One machine will shave two rolls per min ute. - By paneling with different kinds of wood a room may be finished in elegant style and made to correspond with the furniture. For example , if the furni ture is chestnut, with blank walnu trimmings, the walls could be hung with the same kinds of wood. Thus all tastes could be gratified, and parties who may use this kind of hanging will find that it will stand very much longer than paper, and will improve by age. It has already been used in first-class houses, as well as in those of moderate cost, and has given perfect satisfaction. It is destined to take the place of paper, and when properly understood and appreci ated, it will come into general use. Democratic Gains In Maine. AUGUSTA, Me., March 10.—The Demo crats yesterday elected Daniel Williams Mayor by filly-eight majority. The vote was the largest ever cast. The Democrats and anti-prohibitory liquor law men have a majority in the Common Council. Bronsrsoan, Me., March 10.--Ferguson Haines, Democrat, was re-slected Mayor of this city yesterday by 176 majority. The Democrats carry five of the seven wards. if pooch of Eptionroor Horatio leyiiiooi; iletbr• the Now l'ork state Domaine, paving i OD. Ili 411bannallirekU. GINTLZMIN OP TVA CONVENTION! We have seen that under tho-polloy of our fathers, whieh was adhered 10 for ' .seventy years; we became a great and ' , prosperous Maple, with light 'l anddens of taxation, which were fairly equally. Imposed, with Maiden! from official meddling, that made us We envy and admiration of We world. It Is now our duty .to see what have been the results, in seven year', of the "policy of hate." The condition' and laws of the land call upon us to sit in Judg-: meat upon rulers. dad and painful Its the duty may be we must boldly probe to the bottom every ulcer and everywound upon the body politic. The war, is ended, tint peace has not returned. We have Won the victory, but our Union is not restored. Our land is filled with mourning and distress, but anger, malice, and revenge are notsoft mod. - The noble strife of arms has wand, but the ignoble struggle for power, plunder and place goes on. Congress has done more to destroy the Union, to break down the thbrlo of our Government, and to (Awe the maxims and principles of oar people than was ever aimed at I by rebel- Hon. ts system of tyranny and oorrup_ defined not even the merit of being well intelligent, nor consistent. It has been bewildered fbr want of intelligence; inconsistent and inconstant for want of principles ; cruel from cowardice, and bru tal from its instincts. These are not charges made only by political opponents—they are admitted byits supporters, many of whom implore it to stop inits mad career. The records of this body, and Its own statute laws, show Its inconsistent and imbecile policy. There are laws whioh tell ylw. that when there was an armed, open, and at the time successful rebellion, them/ men held that the Southern States were not and could not be out of the Union, They for mally called upon thorn for their quota to put down thelr own resistance to law, When the Southern States had laid down their arms they were told that they were not States in the Union. So the Congress ional theory is that they did not lose their Slate rights by rebellion but by submisalon. But those States wore told if they would abolish slavery they would have their place again, Slavery was abolished by their ea non and they made it unconstitutional in any part of the Union. They were then told they were no States at all, but unlawful combinations. So it followed that by abol ishing slavery they halt abolished them selves. TRIO NEGRO, Then it was hold that their society was re duced to a dinette state, and Congress would at once send down a military force to or ganize tree, popular and representative gov ernments at the point of the bayonet. It would seem that ingenuity could go no fur ther, but it did. It is a very notorious foot that nearly ono half of the people of the excluded States aro negroesl that they are in form, color and character unlike the whites, and that they aro, in their present condition, an ignorant and degraded race. It is the clear duty of till mon to lift them up as high as we can in intelligence, virtue and religion. It is no time to stop and dis pute about ethnological questions. Wo must do the best wo can with them and for them ; and I have no doubt such will be the course of the Southern States. Their safety, happiness, and prosperity demanded it.— When they were about to enter upon their duty, Congress again steps forward, moved by a profound wisdom, and tells the South there must be no more black or white men, no more differences of oolor, and that they must solemnly dealer° in their new State governments that it shall be unlawful end a high crime to see or know the foot that any man is of African descent. But the people of the South replied, how can we do justice to these people if we do not respect the truths of their condition. Congress answers in the spirit of the witty French man, " if facts stand in the way so much the worse for filets." You must pass laws in your Conventions abolishing these vile truths. You must not know that there aro such wicked things as differences of race, color, and condition, except you may, if you please, know that a man is an Indian. Having abolished the black man, and made a white man, by act of legislation, Congress hoped for rest in their efforts to weave a rope of sand which was to bind the mon together, but the constitution of Alabama was rejec ted—the people would not vote for it; Where upon Senator Sherman, in full view of the fact that the President was menaced with impeachment if he violated the Reconstruc tion act, moved that Congress itself violate this same measure by admitting Alabama under a constitution of its own rejection. The policy of Congress is more cruel toward the blacks than the whites. These poor people who are now on trial to test their capacity to take care of themselves, are thrust into positions demanding wisdom, learning, and experience, The want of those in their Conventions and official life has exposed them to the ridicule of the world, and is a serious hindrance to their progress; it has filled their minds with false views and hopes; it'has turned them away from the duties of life; it has misled them as to the need of yirtue, intelligence, and industry; it is pushing them back into barbarism by making them feel they can hold power before they have learned the demands of social life and liberty. So much for this miserable muddle of reconstruction. How can a Congress satisfy the people which cannot satisfy itself; that has never been able to keep upon one course for six months; that condemns and shames itself by constant change, repeal, and amend ments? 1=! Their action upon tariffs and business in terests has been equally blundering, incon sistent, and imbecile. It keeps our mar chants and manufacturers in a condition of uncertainty, and all agree that a perpetual Congress is a perpetual curse. Within the past few years It has made nearly monthly changes in the tariffs. It hinders labor and enterprise by heavy burdens, and hunts down our merchants and manufacturers with an army of official spies and inform ers; and it gives these the power to ruin men of limited means by false charges.— It puts our Government not only in a light that is hateful, but what is more dangerous, it makes it pitiable. If our young men wish to engage in business or to seek homes in the West, and they ask from those who havemoney to lend the aid which has heretofore been given for those pur poses, they are told that the Government, which ought to be paternal, will pay a higher interest than the law will let the citizens give, or than they can afford to give, and, also, beyond this, will exempt them from taxation. Congress paralyzes, in this way, the industry of land. Whichever way you look you see that the party in power is a blight upon the honor, happi• MSS, and industrial pursuits of our peo ple. Our carrying trade upon the ocean is destroyed, our shipyards are idle, our mer chants are distressed, our manufacturers complain that taxation outweighs the pro tection of tariff, and our farmers are indig nant with unequal and insulting exemp tion from the cost of local, State, and na tional Governments. Upon one point only has it been firm and unyielding. In order to help a foul speculation it put a tax of 500 per cent. upon alcohol, which, the experi ence of the world and our own experience show, cannot be collected. It retains it with a perfect knowledge that it merely ministers to public and official corruption. The officers of the law and the violators have, under its provisions, taken more from the people than the interest of the public debt up to this time. In this strength they control the action of the Government, and this great stream of corruption is now the life-blood of a party held together by the cohesive power of public plunder. CONGRESS AND MORALS Congress is not only keeping the Govern ment disorganized and the business of the country unhinged and perplexed, but it is also unsettling the morals of the country. It proclaims to the world the sanctity of bonds, obligations and contracts, and at the same time, under the influence and by the action of its party friends, many of the States which make up the 'Union have de frauded the public creditors by forcing them to take depreciated paper in return for the coin or its equivalent, which was given for their bonds. Going still deeper in dishonor by its laws, the debtor who may have re• ceived coin or other consideration equally valuable, and who basin solemn covenant agreed to pay in coin,.lll allowed and en couraged to violate hi faith and to compel his creditor to take debased paper. It is strange that in the face of these things our credit is tainted in the markets of the world and that our bonds sell for leas than those of the Turks? If the morality of the citi zens of the country is undermined, if the faith of States makkig up the Union is dis honored, where is the security of the na tional credit? The late Republican State Convention expressed its horror of repudi ation. Will its members .explain the vil lainy which forced the crofters of this great commercial State to take paper at one time worth but fifty cents on the dollar. This; was done in the face of entreaties from a Democratic Governor not to dishonor New York and in opposition to the votes of every Democratic Senator.' Will these men ex plain the indecency , of an official in another State who insulted a foreign creditor for asking money as good as that ho had loan ed to the second State of the Union?. Yet its Republican Legislature refused;to re buke the indecent action of this indecent officiaL Questions of finanoe, of debt and tan don, have harreased all nations and per plexed statesmen in all periods. We have got to meet them surrounded with new dif lira:atlas and dangers We do not yetknow the full sum of the 14niditted and unliqui dated claims. The monthly statements show that it is a swelling flood, - whose vol ume Is not yet measured and whose depth le unplumbed. Our people are unused to a government which pries into every private transaction to extort tribute. They are be.. a w ns, a me nd officials, al n wa y o e f sbprOie p s g ; hb inmto use, where• taxes are taken from ' , one chum' and paid to another. The' irritation is in ctrueed when the creditor enjoys, be yond an ample and• usurious , interest, special privileges and exempUone. There intogreater joril. We were ono. divided tree and slave States. The an is the end flied our land with bloodshed and mourning, As the public bonds are mainly bold in one corner of our loountry, we are now divided into debtor and end'. tor States. What will be the end ,of this? At an early stage of the war we warned the party in power againat this firartni re sult of their policy. We warned, them in vain: Nay, more, as if bent upon making ruin certain, they built up a banking sys tem which was to have a monopoly of put. ting out currency , . and was to get double usury—inter:pat from Government upon its bonds, and Maenad from the people upon the currency issued upon those bonds. To render its monopoly complete, all other banks were taxed out of oxistenoo. But madness and folly did notstop here. These banks were not allotted to the different States, so there should be oven geographi cal fairneu, but the States which held the bonds, which had the most wealth, and made the most money out of the war, wore allowed to absorb nearly the whole of the throe hundred millions of dollars to which they were limited, while the Status which most needed currency in their trans actions were out off, Lot mo give one in stant:lo to show upon what rule the spoils of victory and the burdens of war were distri buted, The State of Massachusetts has of the banking privilege 060,000,000; Illinois $9,000,000. Yet Illinois I. the more populous State, and to send its produce to market needs more currency than any State la the Union. But when men must be bad to fill the ranks of our armies, then each State must give its quota. Now, wo have ever had a plain rule to get at the Just allure of taxes and burdens. Taxation and repre sentation must go together. But a new system was gotten up for the quota. They were based upon the enrolment of able bodied men. Under this rule there were end leasquestions as to liability to be enrolled and construction of law. Orders and counter orders and explanatory orders were put forth by the Provost Marshal General until every one was bewildered. But under all this there were quiet manipulations wbleh made the following result In Democratic 'dis tricts in this Ennui the men were held to be vigorous and robust, and to bear arum. In Republican districts the ere loyal but weakly. In Massachusetts the men as a class were so feeble that a Congressional district could only send 2,107. In Illinole, districts had to send 4,004. So much for the burdens. How was ate spoil divided? We find that bank stock was given to Massa. chueetts at the rate of $52 to each inhabi tant, and to Illinois at the rate of $0• to each The record will show how earnestly in this place and elsewhere we protested against this madness and folly. Alarmed at this new source of danger to our country as it woe a period of great distress at the 'West, In my message of 1804, I urged the Logi'. ture to reduce the tolls on Western produce or to curry it toll free, in order to chock the hostile fooling@ growing up in that section of the country against the Atlantic States. But I urged In vain. Our canals wore in the hands of thieves and robbers, who would not let these tolls bo diverted from their own pockets. The Widow of WARN tional question now hills upon us. It has made confusion In the Republican ranks In Congress. The resolution, to pay Govern ment bonds in gold, which was confidently brought forward at the beginning of the session, sleeps in eommittee-roo na and will never seethe light again. Men of both par ties at the West will struggle to be foremost in measures which will moot the feelings of that section. TUE OLIEENBACE QUESTION. It has been proposed to pay most of these bonds in the paper money called green baoks,and It is claimed that this will gave the people P 00,000,000, without doing injustice to their holders, as it is alleged it was the contract that they should thus be paid. This is denied by others, and it le clear that the proposal has excited alarm, not only as to the mode of payment but as to a grow ing fooling in !aver or repudiating the whole debt. This springs out of the stu pid folly which exempted the bond holders frOm taxation, which lowered the price of the bonds, as it made from the beginning a distrust that a measure so odious would endanger their payment. The next cause of this feeling is the fact that the party in power, to shield themselves from the odium 61 crushing taxation, give out that this Is necessary to pay our debts, when, in fact, two-thirds of the money wrung from the people is Wasted in corruption, or lavished upon officials, or spent in upholding the enormous cost of our Government under its policy of keep- ; log one-third of the States out of the Union by military force. The whole odium of this taxation they throw upon the debt and the bondholders. The last and perhaps the greatest peril to the public credit and honor, is the fact which meets us at every turn, and annoys wherever met, that the; bondholder is paid in coin, while honest labor gets a debased paper money. This ; state of affairs alarms every thoughtful man. ; How are these perils to be averted? We I boldly and honestly met these questions at the last election in this State, and we won a triumph that astonished the country and ; terrified our opponents. We will meet them in the same spirit in our national councils, and we will sweep corruption and usurpa • tion out of the National Capitol. We will show that a return to economy, hon esty, and constitutional order is de manded alike by the interests of the tax payer and thepublic creditors, by the bond holder and the laborer. This sectional di vision of our country into debtor and cred itor States has caused much anxiety in the minds of thoughtful men, lest it should dis tract the counsels of our party. While on the one hand the oppresive legislation which burdens the West with high tariffs, together with the fact that the revenues drawn from all sections are mainly paid out to one, excites deep feeling; on the other hand, the bonds so unwisely and wastefully issued, have gone into the hands of innocent holders, who, to a vast amount, are compulsory owners. It is a mistake to suppose thatthey are mostly held by capitalists. Large sums belonging to children and widows, under the or per of courts or the action of trustees, have been invested in Government bonds. The vast amounts held by life and fire insurance companies and savings banks, are, in fact, held in trust for and are the reliance of the great body of active business and laboring men or women, or of widows and orphans. The savings banks of this State, which are the depositories of the poor or of persons of limited means, hold about 460,000,000 of ' Government onds. The whole amount held in the State of New York, in the vari ous forms of trust, will not fall below $200,- 000,000. If we look into other States, we shall see that only a small share of these bonds are held by men known as capitalists, but they belong, in fact if not in form to the business, the active and the laboring members of society. The destruction of these securities would make a widespread ruin and distress, which would reach into every work-shop and every home however humble. THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY AND THE NA- There is a perfect accord in the DPMO - ranks as to the policy and the need of honesty and economy, but there is some difference of opinion as to the construction of the contract with the public , creditor. Some hold that it is right, and that it is due o the taxpayers, that we should save what we can by paying principal of debt in cur rency, but they underrate the force of their own arguments. It is a mistake to sup pose that the interests of the bondholder and taxpayers are antagonistic. Tho feat is overlooked, that in order to make any saving by giving the bondholder a debased or worthless paper, we must bring upon ourselves disaster and dishonor, which will cost a hundred-fold what we can save. It means that we are to give to the laborer for his toil a base currency; it means that the honor of our country shall be stained ; it means that our business shell be kept in un certainty and confusion ; it means that the laboring man shall suffer by the increased cost of the comforts of life; it means that the tax-payer shall be burdenedby a Govern ment proved to be corrupt' and imbecile by this very depreciation of its money. We - cannot afford to speculate upon the nation's honor at so fearful a cost.' When a dishonest merchant or a corrupt Government wishes to make large profit in speculating in their own peper, they must dishonor themselves as much as they can. There is a great gain in this plan, as upheld by Mears. Butler and Stevens • they not I only propose to pay in depreciated paper, but they are doing what they can to dis honor the character and credit of the cann ily.. If they carry out their corrupt revo lutionary schemes, they will pay off the debt with paper which is not worth ten cents on the dollar. There is no Democrat living who thinks this can be done with safety, or that it is for the interest of the tax-payer at the East or West. Every Democrat demands a policy of peace, order. and economy, And just so far as be gains that' he` lifts up the national credit; he helps the"-tax-payer and does justice to the bondholder; he makes our currency as good as sterling coin; ' for that will rise with the public credit. The error is in supposing that under a Democratic ad ministration the currency would still stand fixed at a discount of one-quarter. To RV that, la 'to say' thaV we are 'to fail as our oppments have The .na on'a credit cannotAhe b ght . at a pro •t unless the naha's ,character t ia , lila honored. If we come ititopoweCthere will be no discredit on our encomium ' specu lation in paying our bonds in paper. I thank God that the faith which we all hold as one man seeks to level up, not tolevel down. It means that sterling cola' aball ringr on the counterof the Inuberntui, and tter in the palm of labor, and glade den e heart of the wounded soldier. SOur friends forget the force of their own-argil- . merit. When show how_the,debt,will' be paid and to , an light=ed hyeannozny and honesty, they, also show our paper Monis will ,be, made as good u gold. The downward muse of the nun in power ad. mita of trafiloking in the honor of the oountry. They an sink it to that point that the payments of the debt will be an easy . matter,! but an d wil be at cost of the honor, the peso% welfltre of onr land. While, thsrefbrs, we may difht as to the construction 'of the contract with the pub lio creditor, we must not oonfound the posi lions of, thou Who think it right to pay in paper, but who battle to makolhat paper u good as gold, with the position of thou who mean not only to pay in paper, but who are also destroyingthe value of that paper. That is repudiatiww We are not trying to give paper to the bondholders, but gold and silver to the people. There is nothing to fear from those who think by the,ooniraot you should take paper, if they take a course which will mate that paper good as gold. There is everything to Mx from those who are driving on to bank ruptcy. and it matters not what their pro fessions may be. AN APPEAL TO THE COUNTRY. We appeal to the bondholder to Join with the taxpayers at the East and West in sav• tug our country. We bold no bonds, but in common with you we want the money wrung from us, not squandered in oorrupt, treasonable and revolutionary schemes, but used to pay our debts. , Then you will get your dues, and we shall be lightened of our loads. Help us to pint men out of power who try to put all the odium of taxation upon you, while they grasp the proceeds ; who endanger your claims by putting you in the light of a favored aim, not because they give you a better but the people a woreo currency. Help us to wipe out as soon as we can this bebt with its unpopular oxemptions lest the men who justify re pudiation by States separately shall also declare for it by their Joint action In Congress. If it is possible, you, more than wo, aro interested in putting an and to the mad career of Congress. We ap peal to those who guard by policies of in surrnoo against the dangers of fire, which may sweep away their property ; to those who try by life Insurance to make:provision for their famines when death takes them away ; to those who have put their slender earnings into saving banks so that they may have some support in slokneas or mis fortune—to see if they have not a deep In terest in stopping our Government in its career of bankruptcy and dishonor. We implore them to bear in mind that the only security they have for the sacred purposes and deposits are the bonds of the Govern• ment, and those will be worthless if florets not an administration put in power which will beak to bring batik peace, order and economy, and honesty to our country. We appeal to the bond-holders to help rescue our country from the hands of corrupt and wasteful men. By so doing they will not only best secure their own Interests, but will gain the good-will and gratitude of tho op pressed laborers and tax-payers. 4 WORD TO CAPITALISTS. We aro not influenced in our viown either by hostility to or regard for the wealthy, but with a solo purpoeo to do right. For that class of mon called capitalists I have no peculiar rospoot, for they have shown but little rospoot for themsolvoi. They have flavor risen up to a souse of the truth that wealth and power carry with thorn duties and responsibilities. While a British Poor of the Realm goes to tho hustings through scones of rudonoss and violence unknown at our elections, our mon of wealth in the City of New York feel they have not onough of character to carry out the duties of citizenship. They labor under a sense of uncertainty of position which must be bolstered up by a careful avoidance of the rougher duties of life. I do not complain that they aro not with us, but that they aro nowhere when political duty la to be done. THE NATIONAL DEBT. • I deem it my duty to speak frankly on the subject of the debt. We owe it to our friends in other States to let them know our position, so that we may not fall into the fatal error of making sectional ques tions a part of our national platform. They would with justice reproach us if wo suf• fered them to binder us in our battle in this great State, which must bo won or our country is lost. We have issues enough with the parties in power upon which wo think as oue .man, to overwhelm it with disgrace and defeat. We must not dis tract our counsels with questions, however important they may be, upon which there is so much of doubt, and which cannot be settled in many years to come, We must not thus turn away the public mind from the dangers which threaten the immediate destruction of the fabric of our Government and the liberties of our people. Even new the band of usurpation is stretched out to rob us of all of our rights, and it must be struck down first of all. What ever our views may be, the payment of this debt will fall upon the future.= 110 what we may, a generation that will come after us will decide its modes without regard to anything that we may say. The depressed industry of our land, its suffering labor demands that the load of taxation shall be lightened. Our debt is not due until fifteen years from this tame. How few of those who now discuss this question will be living then I If in the meanwhile our coun try is well governed, if there is economy in the conduct of its affairs and the rights and liberties of our people shall beunimpaired, our population will be increased from thirty live to fifty millions, our wealth will be more than doubled. Then this debt will rest more lightly upon greater numbers and greater wealth, than it presses to-day upon the depressed industry and disheartened spirit of the people. At our last election in this State, we won a victory which gave new hope to the friends of constitutional order throughout the land. It gave joy to the hearts of those who seek an honest, honorable administration of the public af fairs. We won that victory because we ted our standard high. There came up to uphold our banner the laborer, the tax payer, and the bondholder, for they saw' that we were battling for economy, for hon esty and honor in the conduct of public af fairs. They felt that these were demanded by our common interests; that the weight of government did not grow out of the cost of upholding the honor of the country, but the cost of supporting a dishonest and dis honorable party in power. We deeply re gret that our position should be censured anyin _ quarter. But we cannot lower our standard. We will not betray those who came up to its support. It is enough that honor forbids this. Even if we could stoop to aught that is less than honorable, even policy would dictate that this great State should be held firm and steadfast in its position, if we hope to save our country from the dangers that menace it. WHY OPPOSED TO CONGRESS. I go against this Congress for its crimes, and above all for those which it is now per petrating against the liberties of the People and the sanctity of the Judiciary. While we sit here they drag the Chief Magistrate ofour country, who has been stripped of rightful power and shackled with humiliating re straints, before a tribunal which decreed his sentence before the charges against him were framed. And what are these charges? He dared against brutal and indecent statutory insults to appeal to judicial tribunal. He dared to do his duty and warn the people against the follies and crimes of their legilla • tore. This Congress has declared that to test its acts in the warts established for that pur pose is a crime, and that freedom of speech is a high misdemeanor I When the Pres ident entered upon his duties, he took a solemn oath that "to the best of his ability he would preserve, protect, and de fend the Cbnatitution of the United States." For trying to do this according to his conscience he is impeached. If this high officer may not appeal to the courts, if he may not at all times by speech or writing, warn the people of the dangers which me nace their rights and liberties, what protec tion is there for the humble citizen? We are not lett to inference. Men have been arrested without warrant, have languished or died in prisons, without trial,and in many instances have never known what offences were im puted to them. The bill is already framed to take away from citizens the appeal to the courts in cases touching their dearest rights. In ten States, military power tramples the judicial under foot.. These men mistake the spirit of the people. We defied them when they were backed by a million of armed men. We despise them now as they tremble on the brink of disgrace and defeat. During the past two years they have been active in degrading the Executive and dis gracing themselves. They may arraign Mr. Johnson for bringing them into die honor and public contempt, but their own conduct, not his speeches, brought this shame upon them AZIDHEW JOHNSON I have no political prejudices in favor of Mr. Johnson. I have never seen him. He is not one I helped to place in office, nor have I ever ad visW him or been consulted by him as to his polloy. .lICJIOW he has been cheated and betrayed by those about him, who plotted his destruction from the outset. But while he has been most unhappy inhis friends, no man has been so fortunate in his enemies. They have given him a high place in'history as one whosuffered for the nghts of the A.merican people .And when he shall go to his final amount and his friends seek in clear, terse, and lasting terms to tell that he was a man who loved his country and was hated. by.the corrupt and treasonable, they have only to chisel upon his tombstone that . be was impeached by this House of Representatives and condemned by this Senate. LXPEACH2dENT. But Congress seems to have aimed at a dramatio effect, and seeks to excite an in terest in this "taking off" like that which attaches to the eftaaaalontion of crowned heads in darker ages, A arranger entering the halls of the Capitol and who learned there that one was to be deposed bees he stood in the way of unlawful ambition or corrupt schemes, as he looked over Inc assemblage and listened to the debates, Would readily , pick out those who were to AM the dark;deed. 'The face of one would tell hie character; map :wing about judi cial 'murder would suggest another. A k'would bo an" old man tottering nips th4rmuMbling edge of ,the grave, mxt* counsels should be those of, peace 1 NIIMBEIt 12 and charity but who shooks the world by that sa ddest of all eights—whithereci age given over to evil pardons, and in ita last days mutteg rotium curses and showing - imbecile m ali c e as it sinks into the grave. In view of the foal ends aimed alb the body that one day is agl tided by discordant passions, by mutual reproaches and taunts of crime, and the next is whipped Into accord by guilty bars —these are ilt instruments. Who more eager than they to gain a decree that it Is a crime to appeal to the judiciary they hate and fear? Who so deeply concerned for a decision thatfreedomof speech lea high mix. demeanor as they who are daily gaired and stung and tortured by the uttered acorn of a people? We agree with them that ,open cllicustion tends to bring this Congress Into public contempt. When the sentence is prejudged the trial will bo speedy, No one thinks the solemn mockery means a fair and honest trial. There wu a shudder when certain Senators solemnly swore to judge impartially. These very ibrms of procedure, which were meant to secure a fair trial, aro hideous when used as marks to hide the =lice and hate that is impotent to speak the verdict which must not In form go before the trial. They shook us aa do palls and shrouds and grave clothes, which wrap up the body of dead sod decayingce, while the grave dig gers of the S ousewait to do their office of putting away the murdered victim. This congress has by its action opened wide the door for the entrance of many disorganizing schemes; it ha ven to the future many dangerous us this, none so deadly In its tendencies. ANOTHER IMPRAOHMENT. But there is another Impeachment to be tried before a more august tribunal than the Senate. We arraign this Congress before the people of these United States fbr its crimes against liberty ; against the Union; against the rights of - oar citizens. We im peach them in words of our Fathers against the British Crown In the Declaration of In dependence—because It "has rendered the military independent of and superior to the civil power"—because It "has erected a multitude of new of kern to harasmour peo ple and eat out their substance." Wo im peach it "for depriving us In many oases of the beoefits of trial by jury," " for taking away our charters, abolishing our most val uable lawn, and altering fundamentally the powers of our Government;" "for suspend ing legislatures and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate In all eases whatsoover.":Boyond the arim es charged by our Fathers against the British crown, we also impeach Congress for Its gross and con tinued violation of the solemn declaration made to the American people and to the world, that they waged war upon the South for the solo purpose of restoring our Union, whiah Union they now keep sundered Mr selfish, party, and corrupt purposes. Wo also Impeach them as en emies to the liberties of tho American people, when they seek to take away the protection of the Judiciary and rob us of the freedom of speech, There can be no Moo dom in that country whore courts of law are cloned against the citizen who soaks protec tion Muni unooretitutional statutes. There is no help againit tyranny, outrage, or cor ruption If thorn Is no appeal to the %de pendentjudiciary. " There in no liberty In a land lithe power of thejudiciary be not separatod from the legislative and executive departments." Whet, then, in the condi tion of our country when In one-third of our States the judiciary is under the feet of the nillitary—that—milltury which our fathers told us must ever be kept in subordination to civil authority. In the grand old rem% lie of Rome the general who commanded armies wan not admitted within the walls of the capitol. A Roman Senntewould not let the shadow of military power fall upon the pavements of their city, but an Ameri can Senate with guilty cowardice clings to the skirts of titylotorious general. We warn those who have gained the gratitude of the American people upon the battle-field against soiling their fame by becoming the tools of bad and artful men. There Was no braver in spirit In the struggle of the revolution than that of him who won victories by his courage, whose blood sprinkled the field of battle, and who at one time was the idol of a people who now hold his memory In scorn, for he proved ratter to liberty. A Field Day In Now York—The Flight Between the Churches and the Flight Between the Railroads' the Battle of the Priests' and the Battle of the Brokers. The Now York correspondent of the Philadelphia Ledger gives the following account of affairs at the seat of these wars on Saturday last : Farther developmente of a very interest ing character were made to-day in the two great controversies which are at present agi tating "the Church" and agitating Wall street and, for that matter, agitating all New York—one, the finale of the Tyng case; the other, the railroad fight between Vanderbilt and Drew. First, as to the Tyng case. The admoni tion came off this morning, as previously announced at the Church of the Transfigu ration, in Twenty-ninth street. A dense crowd was present, and a number of po licemen were on hand to keep down ex citement and preserve order. After the usual morning prayer, Rev. Mr. Tyng took the position assigned to him and listened to the Bishop's admonition, which was read from printed slips. It is a lengthy document, and would occupy about two columns of the Ledger. The Bishop, in conclusion, said; "We have felt ourselves obliged to be distinct and emphatic, but we have had no wish to be severe. We have no feeling in our heart that would prompt us to be so. If there be any severity in appearance, it is the severity in which the Truth, in its application to in dividuals and cases, will sometimes clothe itself. You will utterly mistake the whole character of these proceedings from begin ning to end, the motive in which they origi nated, and the spirit in which they have been conducted and concluded, If you attri bute them to any unkind personal feeling, or to any sinister motive connected witn theological opinions or party conflict. In deed, the judgment and temper which could ignore the plain facts and principles of this case, and ascribe all these measures to narrow personal or party passions, would be little to be envied. Should you find it consistent with your views and feel ings, as we earnestly hope and pray you may, to prosecute your work In a spirit of loyalty to the principles, discipline and usages of the Church of which you are a minister, we, for our part, and we believe we speak the mind of the whole Church, would find only unmixed satisfaction in extending sympathy, encouragement and hearty commendation to every useful effort you might be enabled to make." At the conclusion of the admonition there was quite a "scene," which is thus de scribed : The Rev. Dr. Tyng, Sr., rose to road a written protest. He said, " Right Rev erend. The Rector (Dr. Houghton) began at the same moment to read the prayers In the Institution office, commencing, "Oh, Al mighty, who haat built thy Church on the foundation of the Apostles and Prophets, The Bishop, turning to Dr. Houghton, said, with an emphatic wave of his band, "go h o e n it f , v .oo m" . )r. Tyng then ceased reading, but remained standing. At the conclusion of the prayer, the Bishop pronounced the blessing. As he was about to retire, the Rev. Dr. Tyng ad vanced and handed him the protest, which the Bishop, bowing, received. After the Bishop and clergymen had re tired, an excited crowd gathered round Dr. Tyng, Jr. ; some wished him to advance to the altar and make an address ; others wished to shake hands with him, and others still hissed loudly. The police officers promptly interfered, and prevented the unseemly tumult. The paper above referred to states that, as one of the counsel of the respondent he, the Rector of St. George's, protests against the whole proceeding, from Its commencement to its conclusion, as "false in its allegations, unjust in its principle. =ampoules' in its form, illegal in its transaction, iniquitous in its purpose, and voluntarily and persis tently persecuting in its spirit, process and development. Hence he " appeals to the supreme and final decision of the General Convention, and with the deepest humility, but with confidence unfeigned, to the judg ment seat of the Lord Jesus Christ, who is the one Great Head and Ruler of His Church, and whose approval can never be given to the persecution of the innocent or tu the op pression of t he weak." The Tyng business thus being disposed of, the position of a ff airs in the Erie fight, as disclosed to-day, may next be briefly described. When the troubles which afflict the Erie Railroad stockholders culminated some two weeks ago in the gigantic suit against Dan iel Drew and others, It was considered on all sides that the dispute would be solved in the courts, and that the litigation would be confined to this one suit. But the num ber of appeals which have arisen out of the first, has dispelled these hopes, and how many injunctions and legal stages are to follow no one can even conjecture. Andel padng a sudden visit :of the officers of the law, a regular stampede took place on Thursday morning among the officials, each one lugging'off an account book, desk, drawer, or as many of the red tape docu ments as could be grasped in the hurry of Vile moment. They passed into the Jersey City ferry, d having reached Jersey City, they eu ' red Taylor's Hotel. The proprietor was called for; a brief oonnnence ensued, and the oompauy passed to an upper room of the hotel, strict orders being given as to the admission of visitors. .... . gown. Gonkl and Flake (ifireotors In the Drew Interest); In order to escape arrest, crested the North river last night, In II row boat. daring a dense fog, narrowly sees fl ea ing With their lives, from frequent na. ToYaIR twoqindlt-W botulh INMI Of 411111111111111111116 Strstmamm slllAmr ten Wiwi so per yeat_ . imp no= mum. Pals APirilmems*lOsamtlis Usgfor WWI% mom Stir GS= !MbillitinSi ariAikiti;T:ittto i oilitti I,' iiiii r*ii 'um, G ent, ma 4 oats tor aids subsannon WIC. Lion. . BrnCIAL 244440/4 Jaunted in Aunt; coma*! 16 MIMI per 111111.. BPIIIO7AL naointa nny ' Instriones; naut ir 44400 0 Mt t and 0 eons nn in MS numarnao.. Z9N: AL AID lug LIM:W. . tm L l l lllllO4 . ... 1 AMI NO WU, Oa f .81.10/1006. A 06= 1 arsii,"l,437lll Or p.. 000•01•69400.••61••••••••1001191.14 ha. howovert theyeffected ajunction with the main body at Taylot 's Soto!, Preparations are tiling made to 'rennet business In the hotel till the present troubles have paued over. Till then they will re main in conscious security on the Noll of Jersey, which proclaims them free bat not from the vigilance of detectives. The Jer sey City and Hoboken ferrite on both sides are carefully guarded by detectives Who, it is said, arepromised liberal rewards if they suoetvd in bagging their game" and de ooyiag Daniel Drew, Metiers. Gould and Flak Into the meshes of the law. The refu gees are aware of this, and declare their do. termination to "fight it out on this line," though they hesitate to add " If It takes all summer." 1:1=1=! Judge Hawkins, of tho Supremo Court of Tonnessoo, has roalgnod. Three hundred and eighteen petunia are to be Issued for the ourront week. The total National bank circulation on March 10 wa55209,003,600. Hon. Thos. S. Mho luta nocopted tho Con• aorvative nomination for Governor of North Carolina. The Presbyterian Church at Grove Plus, Rochester, was burned yesterday. L 0144, 010,000. Alaska has boon made a separate military department, and General J.Z. C. Davie has boon assigned to its command. The Virginia Convention has deeided to levy a tax of throe per cont. for the payment of its expenses. The M. E, Conference Tract anniversary took place In Union church Philadelphia on the 17th inst. Alexander 11. Stephens, who ham been pending sometime in Philadelphia left for he South on Monday. Major Thomas Y, Field, of the Philadel phia navy Yard, him not been confirmed lieutenant oolonol of marines. In tho Mississippi Convention, yesterday, tho report of the Executive Committee was adopted an a whole. Ex-Congressman Wentworth, of Illinois, Is Promidont of a poultry sooloty, and on thushatin about Shaughaes. Para Natural, a famous Parisian wok Ls sent for to prepare all great dinners and makes 08000 - every winter. It le roportod that the Raritan and Dela• ware Bay Railroad bee boon sold to the Camden and Amboy. A colored alderman In Now Orleans has sued the Convent of the Sacred Heart, of that city, for $lO,OOO damages for denying its privileges to one of his family. An Episcopal Church, the pont•offic D and several other buildings, at Monroe, Bitch., were burned on Tudaday night. The loss is over 470,000. Lawrence (Kansas) has throe daily nem pupora—the Tribune, Journal, and Repub lican. Each of theme nowepapers also pub• liehou a weekly. Judge Ilawhine, of the TOIIIIOIIIOO Su preme Court, has tendered hls resignation. Henry C. Hmith, of Memphis, la spoken of ns hie mummer. (Joy. Geary hto ttppolutod DouJiunin A. Dootly, of Willianusport, Prop. Wont Judge of too now Judlolal Dletriet of Lyaoming county. t. Tho Susquehanna river was 18 feet above low water mark, at Harrisburg, yesterday, end rising. Thu water le one toot deep on the track of the Pennsylvania railroad. Extensive land slides have occurred 011 the Pun Handle and PittaburgandConneHa ynie Rai!retitle, causing much damage and obstructing travel. A train of oars was blown off the track of the Indianapolis and Cincinnati Railroad on Monday, iknd wrecked. All the pas sengers were injured, but none seriously. The amount of damage to bridges and mills In Mercer county by the recent 'break up" of winter is estimated at eighteen thousand dol_ars. A monument is to be erected in the Nor ristown publlo square In memory of the Montgomery county soldiers who lost their lives in the war. Tho Massachusette House of Represents tivom huvo appropriated $50,000 for the pre• sorvation of Capo Cod harbor, which has boon almost f il led up with sand.. In North Carolina a few days ago a air oular saw was demoliabod by coming in contact with a twenty-four pound solid shot Imboddod in a Mao log—a relic of the war. Tho first deposit of $5OO a side between Johnny Koatiog and Richard HoHeywood, for a tight for p,500, was made on last Monday night. The fight is to take place April 20, within fifty miles of Cinoinnatti. A terrific hurrionno visited Toronto on the 17th inst. The railway depots, dwelling houses, churches, dm., were damaged $50,- 000: One man was killed and several wounded. The ferry boats plying botweon Philadel phia and Gloucester Point, Now Jersey, not withstanding the drift of ice from above, commenced their usual trips for the season on Saturday last. John A. Bingham, who has beau chosen Chairman of the Committee of Managers to try President Johnson, was born at Mercer, Pennsylvania, In len, and is therefore fifty three years old. A terrible storm of wind and rain raged throughout the West and Northwest on Monday night. The damage to property In Missourt and Illinois will reach hundreds of thousands of dollars. Four hundred and thirty applications for liquor licenses for hotels, eating holism', etc. In Schuylkill county, have been filed with the Clerk of the Sessions, fifty-nine of these applicants are of Pottsville. According to contract, one hundred and eighty days is allowed for grading and lay lug one hundred miles of the Pacific Rail road, Western Division; 315 miles will be in running order by August. A company has been organized In Doug lam township, Montgomery county, to commence mining for copper ore early In the spring, on tho farm of M. H. and J. R. Brendlinger. The Lehigh Valley down train on Thurs day morning struck a deer, killed it, and rolled It over the bank near Lehighton.— The deer was on the track, when the engine came along and struck it. Below Castietown, N. Y., the Hudson River Railroad Vs submerged, and trains are sent via: the Harlem road. All along the New York Central Retinae:l-the water is high, and seven trains are delayed at Palatine bridge. The Harvard University Boat Club, It la announced, are having a eix-oared paper boat built, the weight of which will be only ono hundred pounds—about one hundred Per cent. lighter than wooden boats of its size can be made. A large trade in the Importation of wheat from Lalifornia is going on at New York. Eighty-nine vessels are said to be on their way from from San Francisco to that City at prosent, loaded with cargoes of whist, aggregating about five million of bushels. The ice Mountains which have formed in Lake Erie during the present winter atlbrd a magnificent and beautiful speotaele. From the heights of Port Stanley they are to be seen in great splendor when the sun is at Its zenith or as it declines. A diamond-Htudded sword, valued at from ton to fifteen thousand dollars, ou exhibition at the Patent Office, Washing ton, was stolen on Monday night. It wee a present from the Egyptian Viceroy to Commodore Biddle. The San Francisco Bulletin names the following Republican candidates for the Vice Presidency on tho Pacific slope• Sena tor Cole, Senators Corbett and WiMans of Oregon, ez•Oovernor Low, Frederick Bill ings. the two Sena tors from Nevada,Thom p eon Cambell, John Curry, J. W. Dwinells. At the town eletion held on the 17th inst., at Haveratraw, N. J., Samuel C. Blanbeit, Democrat, was elected Supervisor, over John J. Cole, Republican by a majority of 153. The rest of the the ticket was anomie- Cul by a majority of from 212 to 240. Last year Cole, Republican, was elected by 58. The white population of Memphis Is be tween 45,000 and 50,000. There are also about 16,500 negroee. These negro** gave 4200 votes at the late municipal election, for their ticket. There are 7000 white voters In the city, bat 4500 of them are disfranchised, and they only polled 2400 votes. The North Carolina Convention adjourn ed yesterday. After the signing of the Constitution, on Monday night, according to the Associated Press despatches, the " floor was cleared and the black and white Radicals joined hands, forming a circle, and obmmenoed a sort of corn.deld dance, singing such songs as ' Old John Brown,' 'Hang Jeff Davis, &c." Spicy Conummleatloti The following le a copy of a communica tion which was publistuxi in the Reading Eagle: Some time ago I saw the Berke and Schuyl kill Journal, in which it was stated that "Hoover, of the Heidelberg brigade, had told the Editor of that paper that when his hands and feet were tied Johnson would not help him, therefore he would not prom ise him the Heidelberg brigade." Why did not the Editor of this " loyal " paper publish our entire conversation? Why does he wawa' the truth? Is he afraldthat the truth will damage the bad cause of which he is one of the defenders? I told Mr. finabb that Johnson was not my choice and I never voted for him, but as long as he sustained the Constitution and lTnion I would support him, and if he bad acted as be should have done, he would have extended a pole from every window of the Capitol, from which he would have stretched the necks of every one of the impeachers. If he had done this I would have agreed to double the Heidel berg Brigade.. Yours, riam Hti d mint,Ofthe Commander of the advanced gau Heidelberg Brigada.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers