Lancaster intelligencer. (Lancaster [Pa.]) 1847-1922, March 25, 1868, Image 1

Est ifitonanAg , Mom,
~.,rmittlMlD MET WZDSZISDAY MT
11.•0. SMITE *'oo.
A,• J. STRINIKAN
H. G. SMITH.
TERMS—Two Donau per annum, payable
all cases lu advance,
Tun LIOIOIIIITZU DAILY lictitulairazn
aublialrod every overarm, Sunday rmorPt s s. Ot
5 per Annum in advance, ,
OVECI -801.1TUWZOT CORNEA OY WINTRY
SWAM .
Pitlaii4lltooo.
Corry 0 1 Lanus on Impeachment.
(From tho Brooklyn Eagle.)
WAsitINOToN, Feb. 27, 1888.
Elan EAOLZ :—Perhaps you will be
surprised to- hear that I am here. I
kept it quiet and requested the oorres.
pendants not to mention my arrival, for
fear of agitating the country too much.
As soon as the news of impeachment
was flashed over the astonished country,
I made up my mind, packed my valise,
took an affectionateleave of Mrs. O'Lan
us and the children, and -started for
Washington.
The situation at the National Capitol
is exciting.
Everybody feels that the crisis which
was expected to arrive, but was fre
quently postponed, has finally arrived.
Alabama claims and the Alabama
elections are both forgotten.
The rights of naturalized citizens
abroad are suspended, and England
:nigh hang George Francis Train, and
nobody, except possibly Train himself,
would feel any concern about it.
The change in the Width Ministry,
and the removal of the Cunard steamers
from Boston, aro events that excite no
interest now.
All thoughts aro turned on.
IMPEAOLIMENT.
(Hike-seekers who come to N
ashing
ton don't know whether to apply to
Andy Jphnson pr Ben Wado.
I have seen both.
They are both confident and cheerful.
Secretary Stanton is in astute of siege.
The operations are conducted by Gen
eral Thomas, who threatens to move on
his works with a quo warrant°.
Stanton sits In his office night cud
.day with a revolver in each hand, a bull
dog under his chair, and a bottle of
Bourbon on the table to keep his cour
age up.
He don't eat anything for rear ol' be•
lug poisoned.
He hasn't slept fora week.
Stanton's allies tried a diversion in
his favor, and temporarily drove
Thomas back on the Supreme Court.
But the atmosphere of a court room
being unhealthy to Radicals, they had
to full back. Thomas rallied and Stan
ton is as loosely Invested as ever.
Congress is being backed up on all
sides.
Benhien the offer of Governor Cleary
of the militia who etuuk no bravely to
Pennnylvania when their eervloee were
wanted In Paltryland, Governor Fenton
hail Were(' to mend on hie "pardon
brigade" of sing Hlng vetorane.
Thu Kings county Loyal League
hasn't boon hoard from.
Whuro's Bellows?
And Jou Reeve
Ho far, 1 ton the only lighting repro•
'imitative of Kings county on hand.
I reminded Ben Wade of this, so that
If a now dual takes place the follows
who staid at home In the hour of peril
can't come here and claim collector•
tthlps.
Haw Chant yesterday,
He ix as communicative AN ever.
Ho said ho hud road my epistle ou
horses, and ha' cut It out of the Eagle
and pasted IL In his hat for reference.
Ho thinks that I don't understand
ruts qulte'so well. Said ho had some
experience with rule, and had cleared
out a whole swarm of them that were
feeding at the public crib when he was
ad 'interim in the War Department.
"Yes, General," said I, "hut you let
in the biggest and dirtiest rat of the
tribe when you went out! But I guess
we will trap him yet, and out ofF his
official tail close up td his ears, What
Is your opinion on that point?"
"" Before you write that article you
promised on pups,'' responded the
General, you call on mei think 1 eau
give you n few points. I know some
thing about pups, particularly Marshall
Brown's slut's pups."
Our conversation was here interrupt
ed by a chap connected with a New
sensation weekly, (who wanted the
General to give him\-the address of his
grandmother, as he wanted to try and
engage the old lady to write up family
reminiscences for the paper.
The Impeachment Committee of the
House sit with closed doors—on account
of the coolness of the weather.
Thad. Stevens is still very feeble.'
He. has to be supported by a chair
when he sits down.
He is riot able to hold his head up.
Still he works night arid day at the
artioiss of impeachment.
A few of them have leaked out
through the key hole.
Andy Johnson is to be impeached on
the following charges :
For being Andy Johnson.
For aggravating Congress by refer
ring to an obsolete document, known
asithe Constitution of the United States.
For insisting that the Union has not
been dissolved.
For asserting that a white man is us
good as a colored man.
For maintaining that the President
has a right to exorcise powers conferred
upon the office by the aforesaid Con•
stitution.
Because Alabama didn't swallow the
black draught of the Radical Constitu
tion.
For vlolalating the law against cruel
ty to animals, in trying to alcila dirty
dog out of the War Office.
The Radicals have made more his
tory since they have had charge of the
Government than any other party since
the old Revolutionary chaps who kicked
up a row about a tea tax.
They have had a civil war, a martyr,
piled up the biggest national debt ever
heard of, and now they are prepared to
wind up with Impeachment ant revo
lution.
They are a lively party now, say what
you will, and as long as the people will
stand the expense they will give them
plenty of excitement for their money.
The Hon. D. Barnes spoke on im
peachment.
The Hon. P. Malloy Robinson was not
on hand, consequently we missed hear
ing what effect impeachment will have
on Ireland.
Many rumors are afloat, which are
more or less reliable—generally less.
There was a report that the Hon.
John Morrissey had Introduced a com
promise bill to settle the difficulty in a
straightforward and artistic manner.
Andy Johnson to fight Ben. Wade for
the Presidency at catch weights, in the
rotunda of the Capitol, according to the
rules of the P. It.
That the Speaker had ruled the mo
tion out of order, when the Hon. John
said if Colfax would come down on the
floor he'd mash him.
On which the Hon. J. M. was called
to order by Gen. Banks and arraigned
at the bar of the House until he treated
the members around, the Sergeant•at-
Arms fetching in the champagne.
On referring to the Congrcsaional
Globe I find no mention of any such
proceedings.
There is probably no truth In the
tor
sy.
The
still progresses. Thomas has invested
him very closely.
After receiving Sumner's note re
questing him to "stick," Stanton had
the seat of his pantaloons tacked to his
chair, so that he couldn't be lifted out
of it la case the office is carried by as
sault.
Supt. John A. Kennedy's nitro-gly
cerine dispatch caused a thrill of con
sternation.
Every member of the House looks
carefully under his chair before sitting
down to see whether ho has been mined.
Not a single member has yet been
blown up, though some of the married
ones may have been.
Every stranger who arrives at Wash.
Ington is searched to see whether he has
a barrel of nitro.glycisrine about him.
This is an hour and a place of peril,
but it is some comfort to know that
Kennedy is watching over us.
Geese once saved Rome; Washington,
like Balaam, may be saved by an ass.
Yours, at the post of danger,
COREY O'Larrus.
P. B.—Another alarming dispatch has
been received from Mulberry street.
NEW YORK, Midnight (in haste.)
To CongresB:—A man was seen about 4
o'clock this afternoon purchasing a jack
knife in a hardware store in' the Bowery.
A detective traced the fellow to the Jersey
City ferry, where, not having three cents
about him to pay his ferriage, and , the
ferry-master, whole no doubtacoppeihead
and a sympathizer with Johnson, refining
to recognize his authority, the aim was
obliged to give up the parsuit..v,:This man
Is sufmosedlo:he on his way! to Washing
for the _purpose; of musuisinating Con
-grew .Look out for him; he wears au
mutest and side whiskers, and his boots
are rights and lefts.
J. A. K., A, S. S.
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VOLUME 69
Why we Stopped the Join of ire.
The last day had come, and the Joan
of Aro was to leave Table Bay at two
o'clock in the afternoon, The captain
made a hasty breakfast, and beforeleav•
fog the hotel asked us tohaveluneheon
on , board, and see the last of the old
ship,—an invitation we very gladly ao
°opted. A large four-oared private boat
Was kindly plaoed at our disposal by a
gentleman at Cape Town, and after a
pleasant row in the bay we found our•
selves once again on the floe, broad
quarterdeck of the Joan of Aro.
It seemed like returning home; and
as all the pleasant memories of the past
six weeks rushed to my mind, I could
not help wishing that Calcutta and not
Cape Town had been our destination.
Wo had a capital lunch, soon after
which the captain came to tell us they
were going to weigh anchor, and to
escort me to the side, where our boat
was waiting to take us ashore. I pass
over the parting with our friends. Thole
who have never made a long seavoyage
would most likely wonder at the feed
lugs of intimacy and friendship with
which we regarded some of those who,
but a few weeks before, had been stran
gers to us. I felt strangely dreary as
each stroke of the oars took us farther
away from the old ship and all belong
ing to it, and I gazed at Table Mountain
and the white, apparently roofless
houses of Cape Town with unreasonable
aversion.
Wo had nearly reached the shore,
when my husband looked around the
boat as if he missed something.
" What is it?" I asked.
" I don't see my umbrella," was the
answer. " I gave it to you, did I not ?
on board ship; and I don't remember
seeing it afterwards."
"Yes, I • had it," I returned after a
moment's thought; "I must haveleft It
in the captain's cabin when I was con
soling poor Miss Green."
Now, if my husband have a weakness
if is for his umbrella. He will losemany
a morevaluablearticle with equanimity
and resignation ; but deprive him of his
umbrella, and you deprive him at once
of all his powers of manly fortitude and
endurance. Wives generally know and
humor their husbands' weaknesses ; and
I said with an air of concern, "You
must go back for it." He stood for a
moment irresolute. For wife or baby
he might not have turned back; but
his umbrella—that silent friend, whose
trim, make, well fashioned Joints, and
silver band, with its owner's name
neatly engraven thereon, seemed to link
him still with theshady side of pleasant
Pall Mall I A Cape umbrollal Good
heavens! A shudder ran through his
frame us ho thought of that course stunt.
od caricature of his beloved companion.
N?, the boat must be turned—a last
oil ort made. So the words came sharply
from his lips: "In, bow, and up with
that mast—backwater, starboard; now
in, all, and let that shoot out;" and be
fore I knew we had " one about," our
boat was skimming the bay before a
delightful breeze off' shore.
We had sailed but a short distance,
when ono of our black orew said, look •
log at the steamer, "She move—she
under weigh." It was true,—her steam
was up, and she was gliding slowly to
wards the mouth of the bay. Difficulty
adds a whet to all human pursuit. No
thought of giving up entered my hus
band's mind, though, as I remembered
the constant asseverations of the cap
tain as to never having been done in
his life, either by crew or passenger, I
felt bow unlikely it was, that he would
stop his ship for us. We were, how
ever, going faster than the steamer, and
soon gained on her sufficiently to make
those on board aware of our intention.
We now waved ourocket-handker
chiefs, and made imploring signals to
them to stop; but though our proceed
ings seemed to cause some commotion
among the passengers, they did not ap
pear to disturb the stony heart of the
captain, for the vessel continued its
course with imperturbable indifference.
It now became a trial of who should
give in. With renewed vigor we waved,
implored, and shouted. Al last, when
all hope was over, as we thought, we
saw the chief officer (always a great
friend of ours) walk to the captain, who
was on the ship's bridge and remain in
consultation with him. Evidently they
were considering the propriety of stop
ping the vessel. The captain shook
his head,—the chief officer expostulated
—the passengers' excitement increased.
But we have gained the day,—the
graceful movements of the vessel be.
came slower and slower, and we were
soon enabled to run under the accom
modation ladder, which had not yet
been hoisted in, and from the bottom of
which our friend the chief officer in
quired, amidst a breathless silence,
what we wanted. My husband's ans
wer elicited a shout of laughter from
those near enough to hear it; and the
officer sprang up the. ladder to go in
search of the missing property, when a
stern voice from the bridge called,—
" Mr. Easy!"
" Yes, sir."
" What's the matter?"
"Captain Lomax's umbrella, sir ;
says he left It in your cabin,. sir."
"His what, sir?"
"Umbrella, sir."
"Well, I am d—d!" returned the
captain, as he took in all the enormity
of our behavior. "Give her steam!"
he shouted, but too late to prevent the
rescue of the cherished article, which
at that moment was dropped into its
owner's hands by one of the sailors.
With a last cheer from our friends on
board, and reiterated good wishes on
both sides, we parted again, and once
for all, with the good old ship, which
steamed slowly out of Table Bay, con
tinued its stately course to the shores
of the fur East.
There were no rate in California be
fore the gold discoveries. Then—in
1849—they were imported by sea in the
rat's worst shape, that of the brown or
Norwegian variety. Few of the interior
towns were visited until 1852. Now
they invest all parts of the State. In
1850 there were no rats in New Mexico,
and it used to be a speculation how long
the adobe houses would resist their
gnawing teeth, whenever they should
see lit to establish themselves in that
country. It is said the rat was unknown
before the Christian era, and that his
first appearance in Europe was long
after in the Middle Ages. This was the
black rat, coming from no place of
which we now have any record. He
soon spread all over Europe ; and, from
his hostility to the mouse, which had
been known through all recorded time,
it is strange that the smaller rodont has
not been exterminated. He would be
were he not, perhaps, even more pro•
life than his bigger brother.
The brown rat was not known in
Europe before the eighteenth century ;
and, though called a Norwegian rat, was
actually imported from India. He is
the strongestland most ferocious and de
structive of his tribe. To-day, it is
said, there is not a black rat in Paris—
the race there having been killed out by
the browner animal. This species was
widely known all over the United States.
The ravages of the rats of both species
are enormous. How they can be got rid
of is a question worthy the attention of
the legislators. Such vermin, if possi
ble, ought to be exterminated a rat, no
matter how domesticated he may be,
having no more right to live in a civil
ized community than a wolf or a wild
cat.
Catholics in America.
The Catholic Almanac for 1868, pub
lished in New York, gives some statis
tics of the Catholic church in America.
In 1880 the American Cyclopedia esti
mated that there were oniya little over
3,000,000 Catholics in the United States
adhering to their doctrines. The best
Catholic authorities now declare that
nearly , five millions of persons belong to
their denomination. In 1850 there were
in Rhode Island and Connecticut only
16,000 Catholics; there are now 125,-
000. At _ the same time Pennsylva
nia contained 89,501, while there are at,
present 275,000 in the diocese at- Phila.
delphia alone. In Illinois, there were
29,100,theanddistricfiaboutChicago now
alone counts 150,000. The diocese of
Albany and Buffalo have 430,000; against
128,288 in the whole State of New York
in 1850; and there are 90,000 in Michi
gan, while. in' 1850 there were but 16,-
122. The Catholic population in five
New England States, excluding Massa
chusettts, numbers 198,000. In one•half
of Pennsylvania there are 275000. In
New York, leaving out New Fork city
and Brooklyn, 480,000. Michigan has
108,000; 'lndiana 105,000, Wisconsin
300,000, lowa 110,000, and part of Ohio
90,000.' The Catholics in Canada num
ber abaut 900,000.
Church Bella.
(From an ninth Maurlna.'
Bells, both ancient and modernjiave
been applied to sacred purposes. There
has been much controversy as to what
the ancients called belle for they have
been called by both ancients and mod
erns by a great variety of names, viz.:
Petasus, Codon, Nola, Clock &o.
The Greeks had bells, for at Athens
the priest of Proserpina used a bell to
call thepeople to sacrifice; but it is not
possible to discover when bells were
first used in Christian churches. In the
East, the people were informed of the
hour of divine service by means of a
rattle or beating on wooden boards with
a hammer, and this custom was long
retained. An old author tells us that
the signal for divine worship was given
by a trumpet, and Innocentus Anealdus
Is of opinion, that all signals of hours
were given by trumpets amongst the
ancients, and bells were not introduced
into churches until the sixth century.
Bede first mentions them 080 A. n., and,
certainly, after that period they became
common and were often made the sub.
Jeot of pious donations, both here and
on the Continent.
In the history of Ingulphus, wo read
of Turkatulus, abbot of Croylend, who
died 975. He caused a large bell to be
made andpresented to his abboy. It
was called Guth's°. His successor,
Egebrlous, caused two largo bells to be
made called Bartholomew and Bettel
mus ; also two of a middle size named
Turketulus and Taturims, and two small
bells called Pegs and Bega. When the
bell Guthlao was hung along with these
Ingulphus affirms that such wonderful
harmony was produced, that there was
no ringing in all England to equal it.
Pope John XIII., a.. D. 008, consecra
ted a very large new bell in the Lateran
Church, and, and gave it the name of
John. In the Roman Pontificals is a
service for the baptizing of bells; and
Sir Henry Spelman, in his "Glossary,"
v. Campana, has preserved two mon
kish lines on the subject of the ancient
offices of belle,—
Laude Deem vorum, plobom vow.), oongrego
olarum,
Dofuuotou pioro, postern fugo, foga d000ro."
Brand quotes other monkish rhymes,
which enumerate no less than sixteen
purposes to which bells are or may be
applied.
The Couvru-feu or Curfew 8011, was
rung every night, and is supposed to
have been Introduced by William I, as
a badge of servitude upon the English ;
but the custom prevailed on the Conti
nent long before his time, and was in
tended us a precaution against fires,
which were very frequent and destruc
tive, as all the houses wore then built of
wood. Henry I. le said to have restored
the use of lamps and candles at court in
the night after the ringing of the cur
few, which had been prohibited by hie
piodocemsors. At Barking, in Essex, is
still a tower which bears the name of
fire-bell or 'curfew, and in many parte of
England, the custom of ringing the cur
few bell has been only discontinued
within the memory of many living now.
In Longfellow's "Evangeline," we read
of the curfew bell—
' " Anon tho boll train 1.130 belfry
Rang out the hour of nine, the village curfew,
and stalghtway
Rose the guests and departed, and silence
reigned In the household...
The Passing Bell so named because it
was tolled when any one passed from
this life. Hence it was sometimes called
the Soul Bell, and was rung that those
that heard it might pray for the soul of
the dying person. The number of times
of tolling depended upon the rank of the
person. It is specially mentioned In the
account of the last moments of Lady
Katharine Grey, who died a prisoner in
the Tower, in 1607. The tolling of the
"Passing Bell" continued as late as
Charles IL's time. In olden times bells
were used for many superstitious pur
poses. The custom of the funeral knell
first arose in the darkest ages, as did
also the custom of the Passing Bell.
The most ancient bells and cymbals are
supposed to have been made of brass,
and a special virtue was conceived to
lie in that metal. The knives used in the
ancient sacrifices were always made of
brass. It entered into the composition
of the sacred utensils in the temples :
the sound of it was supposed to put de
mons to flight, and witches used it in
their incantations. So perhaps, we may
suppose, that the ringing of bells for
dying persons was connected with the
reputed virtue of brass.
The ringing of bells was supposed to
drive away all the evil spirits which
might assail the dying person. Every
one, therefore, who could in his dying
moments afford to pay the large sum of
money required had the largest bell
rung for his soul, as it was supposed
that the greater the noise the more ef
fectual would be the ringing of the bell.
For if the superstition of our ancestors
did not go so far as to believe in the vir
tue of brass, they certainly thought
that the mere noise was sufficient to
drive away the evil spirits, which they
believed were always hovering round_
the dying to make a prey of their souls.
The tolling of the bell was supposed to
strike them with terror. From this
superstition arose the tolling of the bells
at funerals; the bells being muffled for
the sake of the greater solemnity. Bells
were constantly rung during eclipses,
and supposed to put all demons to flight.
In Italy, the custom prevailed to much
later date, and during great tempests
the women assembled, ringing bells
and beating cymbals.
Now the Passing Bell is no longer
rung, but the morning after the death
of any person, the bell is tolled at eight
o'clock, and at the end of the tolling
(in Yorkshire and Dorsedthire, and pro
bably elsewhere), nine knells are tolled
for a man, six for a woman, and three
for a child. In Somersetshire three
knells are tolled for a man and only two
for a woman.
The Sanctus, or Saint's Bell, was thus
called because rung when the priest
came to the words of the mass " Sancta
sancte, sancte, Deus Sabaoth," that all
persons who were absent might fall on
their knees in reverence of the holy
office going on in the churches. It was
usually a small bell rung by hand simi
lar to those still in use in the Roman
Catholic churches, but it was frequently
placed where It might be heard farthest;
in a lantern at the springing of the
steeple, or in a turrett at the angle of
the tower, or for the convenience of being
more easily rung, within a cote or turret
between the church and the chancel,
the rope in this situation falling down
into the choir not far from the altar.
Several of these turrets, and some with
the bells In them, are still seen in our
country churches, and in several church
es in Somersetahlre the Sanctus bell is
still rung at the commencement of the
service.
It is said that among the Greeks, belle
began to be disused after the taking of
Constantinople by the Turks, as the
latter forbade the use of bells lest their
Bound should disturb the repose of souls.
At Bordeaux, also, we hear of the peo
ple being deprived of their bells on ac
count of rebellion, and when offered
them again, they refused to have them,
having learnt the ease and conveniency
of being freed "from the constant din
and jangling of bells."
The largest bells in the world are gen
erally stationary bells, used only for
clocks to strike upon, or at the most are
occasionally swung frame high, or up to
the horizontal position, whereas bells
rung in a peal, like our church bells,
are swung completely up or raised and
set with the mouth upwards when the
ringers stop between the peals. No other
nation in the world ring their bells in
this way, but they only half raise them
and ring their chimes by tue easier and
less effective plan of tolling, wherein
the bell swings just enough to make the
clapper strike it. The only objection to
our mode of ringing our bells, is not the
hard work, as it is a most healthy ex;
ercise, but when the bells are very large
and the tower is weak, either from de
cay if it is old, or poverty of construc
tion if it is modern, the horizontal thrust
of the bells is too much for it to bear.—
Not that it is not safe to ring the bells,
because the tower sways with them.—
Stone, like everything else, is elastic to
a certain extent, and many a tower has
gone on vibrating for centuries without
being the worse for it.
The largest bell rung in a peal in
England, and probably in the world,
is tenor in the peal at Exeter, which
weighs 87 cwt. The peal of bells at the
Exeter Cathedral is the largest *peal of
bells in England, and they are, of
course, very old.' There areteu bells in
the peal, and though the earliest date
for recasting the bells appears in the
chapter book dated September 28th,
1889, the tenor bell B bears the name of
Grandison inscribed upon it, and as
Grandison was Bishop of Exeter from
1827 to 1889, It is most probable the bell
was put up about his time, and In
LANc4sTER PA. WEDMIDAY MORNU . G MARCH 25 1868
'lofted with , his name, u It •wu the
ancient cutout to name the belle eltner
in honor °looms saint or the donor of
the bell,
The ninth bell in the Exeter peal is
named "Stafford." The eighth bell,
called the " old nine o'clock," was
probably the Curfew bell rung in olden
times at eight or nine in the evening.
The seventh bell bears the name of
"Cobthorne," and the sixth bell is called
the "Doom bell." Though I have not
been able to discover the exact origin of,
the name, it was probably rung at the
time of executions. There is an order
In the chapter book for re•easting it,
dated 1608. The fifth is inscribed "Fox,"
after Bishop Fox, who was Bishop of
Exeter from 1487 to 1491 • and who is
said to have given the Cathedral the
curious clock and the great Peter bell
which is in the North tower. The
" Keble " bell has the date of 1729, when
it was re-esst. And the second and
third belle bear the dates of 1616 and
1658.
The best small peal of bells in Eng
land le said to be at Castle Camps in
Cambridgeshire. Denison tells us that
no good peal of 'eight belle, or even a
single good bell of thirty hundred
weight, has been cast within the last
thirty years; and the art of casting very
large bells, say of four tons or six
feet in diameter, had perished long
before that. There has been no goo.
bell of that size oast within the last
century and a half at lead. That of St.
Paul's, which had to be cast twice over
and was made in 1709, though better
than any of the later ones, is not gen
erally considered a really good bell ; for
though the art of bell-fouuding survhd
the other Gothic arts for several centu•
ries, it has of late sunk very low.
The tone of a bell depends conjointly
'on the diameter, the height, and the
thickness, the smaller bell yiJkiing the
lower note, other things being equal.
The shape of bells le different in different
countries, being more cylindrical or con
ical in one than another; and having
evidently originated in cymbals or
basins, it is probably that from remote
ages to the present time there may have
been a gradual progression from a flat
circular plate to a figure nearly ap
proaching a cylinder,
Denison says: "The foreign bells are
not superior to the English, and that
long-waisted bells, like the French, or
rather a flower-pot form are inferior to
those whose internal height is not more
than a quarter of their diameter, and
more contracted in the waist. The tone
or note of a bell can be altered by cut
ting, whereas the tone or quality of the
sound Is incurable if it is bad. Belle
are made of different substances, which
produces a difference in the Bound.
Glass is one of the most sonorous
bodice of which bells are constructed,
but we have hoard of wooden bells in
the East, although throughout Europe
they are made of a compound of copper
and tin, called boll-metal, to which
silver is said to have been occasionally
added. This, as I have already said, Mr.
Denison declares to have been a vulgar
error, though many still believe the old
superstition. Modern bell-founders say
that the composition of bell-metal ought
to be four parts of copper to one of tin.
Enormous furnaces are necessary for the
casting of church bells, as the whole
pasting must be made atonoe ; but a de
scription of this le too long a subject for
me to enter upon. The casting of a bell
is most beautifully described in Schil
ler'e "Des Lied von der Glooke."
We have learnt by experience, that if
we make a set of belle of any shape or
any metal, so long as they are of mil
form shape and composition, and with
all their dimensions (thickness in•
oluded) varying, according to the
following numbers-00, 54 48, 45,
40, 30, 32, 30; they will sound
the eight notes of the common dia-
tonic scale, and will be, in fact, a
peal of eight bells in perfect tune with
each other, no matter in what key, and
no matter whether they are good or bad
bells. The eight largest bells of the
Exeter peal are in these proportions.
The thinness of modern bells is made
still more injurious by their being made
of softer and less elastic metal than the
old ones. The difference in the quan
tity of tin does not affect the note,
though it does the quality of the tone.
The tenor of a peal of eight bells ought
not to weigh lees than a ton, and 16 or
18 cwt. Is not at all too heavy for the
tenor of a peal of six bells when made
of the proper thickness or note,
which ought not to be lower than
G or F. About 30 cwt. Is the
best weight for a peal of eight,
and the tenor of a peal of ten bells ought
not to be less than two tone, or in a peal
of twelve,
3 tone. The largest peal of 6
bells is atSherborne, where the bells are
very old and famous, and they are nearly
the same size and weight as the Bow
bells, of which the tenor weighs aboite
53 cwt., and the sixth above it 2 cwt.
Two more bells were added to the peal
at Sherborne in 1858, so that they have
now a peal of eight belle, as well as the
Sanctus bell, which bears the usual in
scription, " Ave Marla, ora pro noble ;"
and the Fire bell, on which are inscribed
the words—
" Lord, quench this furious flame,
Arise, run, help, put out the same."
It is rung by the sexton on the first
alarm of a fire.
The tenor bell at Sherborne was the
gift of Cardinal Wolsey, who at onetime
was rector of Limington, near. Ilchester.
This bell was the smallest of the seven
bells imported from Tournay, and dis
tributed by him among the cathedrals
of Lincoln, Exeter, Oxford, &c. It is
called Great Tom, after its donor, and
has the following legend attached to it—
" By Wolsey's gift I measure time for all;
To mirth, to grief, to church, I serve to call."
Wood Hangings Instead of Paper.
Our attention has recently been called
to one of the most practical inventions
which has been introduced to the public
for a long time, and one which must
come into common use. We refer to a
new article for covering the walls of
houses and other buildings, and which
will, to a great extent, supersede the
use of common house paper. For ex
ample, one in building or repairing his
house can have the walls covered with
white wood, bird'e.eye or rook maple,
beech, cherry, white or yellow birch,
chestuut,'ash, black walnut, mahogany,
or rosewood, instead of paper. The roll
of wood is placed on the walls by paper
hangers, with paste and brush, pre
cisely in the same manner with paper.
The wood is wet when used, and really
works easier than paper, because it is
much more tough and pliable. In these
days, when variety is sought for, one
can finish the walls of his house in dif
ferent woods, to suit his. taste. One
room can be finished in bird's eye ma
ple, another in chestnut, another in
cherry, another in white wood, and so
on. Thus he has no imitation, but the
real genuine article upon his walls. The
eye tires of set figures, such as we have
in ordinary paper-hangings, but never
of nature itself. The longer the wood
hanging remains on the wall the more
distinct will be the grain and color of
the wood.
The wood can be oiled, varnished or
shellacked and then washed at pleasure,
and thus kept perfectly clean. It will
not crack or spilt in using, and when
on the walls stand like solid work.
Rooms have been finished with wood
hangings and exposed for months to the
strongest heat from common stoves
without the slightest sign of peeling off
or warping.
The article, when ready for use, is
very thin, and a log measuring twenty
four inches in diameter would make
one hundred and twenty-five rolls con
taining thirty-fix square feet each. One
machine will shave two rolls per min
ute.
- By paneling with different kinds of
wood a room may be finished in elegant
style and made to correspond with the
furniture. For example , if the furni
ture is chestnut, with blank walnu
trimmings, the walls could be hung with
the same kinds of wood. Thus all tastes
could be gratified, and parties who may
use this kind of hanging will find that
it will stand very much longer than
paper, and will improve by age. It has
already been used in first-class houses,
as well as in those of moderate cost, and
has given perfect satisfaction. It is
destined to take the place of paper, and
when properly understood and appreci
ated, it will come into general use.
Democratic Gains In Maine.
AUGUSTA, Me., March 10.—The Demo
crats yesterday elected Daniel Williams
Mayor by filly-eight majority. The vote
was the largest ever cast. The Democrats
and anti-prohibitory liquor law men have
a majority in the Common Council.
Bronsrsoan, Me., March 10.--Ferguson
Haines, Democrat, was re-slected Mayor of
this city yesterday by 176 majority. The
Democrats carry five of the seven wards.
if pooch of Eptionroor Horatio leyiiiooi;
iletbr• the Now l'ork state Domaine,
paving i OD. Ili 411bannallirekU.
GINTLZMIN OP TVA CONVENTION! We
have seen that under tho-polloy of our
fathers, whieh was adhered 10 for '
.seventy
years; we became a great and ' , prosperous
Maple, with light 'l
anddens of taxation,
which were fairly equally. Imposed,
with Maiden! from official meddling, that
made us We envy and admiration of We
world. It Is now our duty .to see what
have been the results, in seven year', of
the "policy of hate." The condition' and
laws of the land call upon us to sit in Judg-:
meat upon rulers. dad and painful Its the
duty may be we must boldly probe to the
bottom every ulcer and everywound upon
the body politic. The war, is ended, tint
peace has not returned. We have Won the
victory, but our Union is not restored. Our
land is filled with mourning and distress,
but anger, malice, and revenge are notsoft
mod. - The noble strife of arms has wand,
but the ignoble struggle for power, plunder
and place goes on. Congress has done
more to destroy the Union, to break down
the thbrlo of our Government, and to
(Awe the maxims and principles of oar
people than was ever aimed at
I by rebel-
Hon. ts system of tyranny and oorrup_
defined not even the merit of being well
intelligent, nor consistent. It has
been bewildered fbr want of intelligence;
inconsistent and inconstant for want of
principles ; cruel from cowardice, and bru
tal from its instincts. These are not charges
made only by political opponents—they are
admitted byits supporters, many of whom
implore it to stop inits mad career. The
records of this body, and Its own statute
laws, show Its inconsistent and imbecile
policy. There are laws whioh tell ylw. that
when there was an armed, open, and at the
time successful rebellion, them/ men held
that the Southern States were not and
could not be out of the Union, They for
mally called upon thorn for their quota
to put down thelr own resistance to law,
When the Southern States had laid down
their arms they were told that they were
not States in the Union. So the Congress
ional theory is that they did not lose their
Slate rights by rebellion but by submisalon.
But those States wore told if they would
abolish slavery they would have their place
again, Slavery was abolished by their ea
non and they made it unconstitutional in
any part of the Union. They were then
told they were no States at all, but unlawful
combinations. So it followed that by abol
ishing slavery they halt abolished them
selves.
TRIO NEGRO,
Then it was hold that their society was re
duced to a dinette state, and Congress would
at once send down a military force to or
ganize tree, popular and representative gov
ernments at the point of the bayonet. It
would seem that ingenuity could go no fur
ther, but it did. It is a very notorious foot
that nearly ono half of the people of the
excluded States aro negroesl that they are
in form, color and character unlike the
whites, and that they aro, in their present
condition, an ignorant and degraded race.
It is the clear duty of till mon to lift them
up as high as we can in intelligence, virtue
and religion. It is no time to stop and dis
pute about ethnological questions. Wo
must do the best wo can with them and for
them ; and I have no doubt such will be the
course of the Southern States. Their safety,
happiness, and prosperity demanded it.—
When they were about to enter upon their
duty, Congress again steps forward, moved
by a profound wisdom, and tells the South
there must be no more black or white men,
no more differences of oolor, and that they
must solemnly dealer° in their new State
governments that it shall be unlawful end
a high crime to see or know the foot that
any man is of African descent. But the
people of the South replied, how can we do
justice to these people if we do not respect
the truths of their condition. Congress
answers in the spirit of the witty French
man, " if facts stand in the way so much the
worse for filets." You must pass laws in
your Conventions abolishing these vile
truths. You must not know that there
aro such wicked things as differences
of race, color, and condition, except
you may, if you please, know that a
man is an Indian. Having abolished
the black man, and made a white
man, by act of legislation, Congress hoped
for rest in their efforts to weave a rope of
sand which was to bind the mon together,
but the constitution of Alabama was rejec
ted—the people would not vote for it; Where
upon Senator Sherman, in full view of the
fact that the President was menaced with
impeachment if he violated the Reconstruc
tion act, moved that Congress itself violate
this same measure by admitting Alabama
under a constitution of its own rejection.
The policy of Congress is more cruel toward
the blacks than the whites. These poor
people who are now on trial to test their
capacity to take care of themselves, are
thrust into positions demanding wisdom,
learning, and experience, The want of
those in their Conventions and official life
has exposed them to the ridicule of the
world, and is a serious hindrance to their
progress; it has filled their minds with
false views and hopes; it'has turned them
away from the duties of life; it has misled
them as to the need of yirtue, intelligence,
and industry; it is pushing them back into
barbarism by making them feel they can
hold power before they have learned the
demands of social life and liberty. So much
for this miserable muddle of reconstruction.
How can a Congress satisfy the people
which cannot satisfy itself; that has never
been able to keep upon one course for six
months; that condemns and shames itself
by constant change, repeal, and amend
ments?
1=!
Their action upon tariffs and business in
terests has been equally blundering, incon
sistent, and imbecile. It keeps our mar
chants and manufacturers in a condition of
uncertainty, and all agree that a perpetual
Congress is a perpetual curse. Within the
past few years It has made nearly monthly
changes in the tariffs. It hinders labor and
enterprise by heavy burdens, and hunts
down our merchants and manufacturers
with an army of official spies and inform
ers; and it gives these the power to ruin
men of limited means by false charges.—
It puts our Government not only in a
light that is hateful, but what is more
dangerous, it makes it pitiable. If our
young men wish to engage in business or to
seek homes in the West, and they ask from
those who havemoney to lend the aid which
has heretofore been given for those pur
poses, they are told that the Government,
which ought to be paternal, will pay a
higher interest than the law will let the
citizens give, or than they can afford to give,
and, also, beyond this, will exempt them
from taxation. Congress paralyzes, in this
way, the industry of land. Whichever
way you look you see that the party in
power is a blight upon the honor, happi•
MSS, and industrial pursuits of our peo
ple. Our carrying trade upon the ocean is
destroyed, our shipyards are idle, our mer
chants are distressed, our manufacturers
complain that taxation outweighs the pro
tection of tariff, and our farmers are indig
nant with unequal and insulting exemp
tion from the cost of local, State, and na
tional Governments. Upon one point only
has it been firm and unyielding. In order
to help a foul speculation it put a tax of 500
per cent. upon alcohol, which, the experi
ence of the world and our own experience
show, cannot be collected. It retains it
with a perfect knowledge that it merely
ministers to public and official corruption.
The officers of the law and the violators
have, under its provisions, taken more from
the people than the interest of the public
debt up to this time. In this strength they
control the action of the Government, and
this great stream of corruption is now the
life-blood of a party held together by the
cohesive power of public plunder.
CONGRESS AND MORALS
Congress is not only keeping the Govern
ment disorganized and the business of the
country unhinged and perplexed, but it is
also unsettling the morals of the country.
It proclaims to the world the sanctity of
bonds, obligations and contracts, and at the
same time, under the influence and by the
action of its party friends, many of the
States which make up the 'Union have de
frauded the public creditors by forcing them
to take depreciated paper in return for the
coin or its equivalent, which was given for
their bonds. Going still deeper in dishonor
by its laws, the debtor who may have re•
ceived coin or other consideration equally
valuable, and who basin solemn covenant
agreed to pay in coin,.lll allowed and en
couraged to violate hi faith and to compel
his creditor to take debased paper. It is
strange that in the face of these things our
credit is tainted in the markets of the world
and that our bonds sell for leas than those
of the Turks? If the morality of the citi
zens of the country is undermined, if the
faith of States makkig up the Union is dis
honored, where is the security of the na
tional credit? The late Republican State
Convention expressed its horror of repudi
ation. Will its members .explain the vil
lainy which forced the crofters of this great
commercial State to take paper at one time
worth but fifty cents on the dollar. This;
was done in the face of entreaties from a
Democratic Governor not to dishonor New
York and in opposition to the votes of every
Democratic Senator.' Will these men ex
plain the indecency , of an official in another
State who insulted a foreign creditor for
asking money as good as that ho had loan
ed to the second State of the Union?. Yet
its Republican Legislature refused;to re
buke the indecent action of this indecent
officiaL
Questions of finanoe, of debt and tan
don, have harreased all nations and per
plexed statesmen in all periods. We have
got to meet them surrounded with new dif
lira:atlas and dangers We do not yetknow
the full sum of the 14niditted and unliqui
dated claims. The monthly statements
show that it is a swelling flood, - whose vol
ume Is not yet measured and whose depth
le unplumbed. Our people are unused to a
government which pries into every private
transaction to extort tribute. They are be..
a w ns, a me nd
officials,
al n wa y o e f sbprOie p s g ;
hb inmto
use, where• taxes are taken from ' , one
chum' and paid to another. The' irritation
is in ctrueed when the creditor enjoys, be
yond an ample and• usurious , interest,
special privileges and exempUone. There
intogreater joril. We were ono. divided
tree and slave States. The an
is the end flied our land with bloodshed
and mourning, As the public bonds are
mainly bold in one corner of our loountry,
we are now divided into debtor and end'.
tor States. What will be the end
,of this?
At an early stage of the war we warned
the party in power againat this firartni re
sult of their policy. We warned, them in
vain: Nay, more, as if bent upon making
ruin certain, they built up a banking sys
tem which was to have a monopoly of put.
ting out currency , . and was to get double
usury—inter:pat from Government upon its
bonds, and Maenad from the people upon
the currency issued upon those bonds. To
render its monopoly complete, all other
banks were taxed out of oxistenoo. But
madness and folly did notstop here. These
banks were not allotted to the different
States, so there should be oven geographi
cal fairneu, but the States which held the
bonds, which had the most wealth, and
made the most money out of the war, wore
allowed to absorb nearly the whole of the
throe hundred millions of dollars to
which they were limited, while the Status
which most needed currency in their trans
actions were out off, Lot mo give one in
stant:lo to show upon what rule the spoils of
victory and the burdens of war were distri
buted, The State of Massachusetts has of
the banking privilege 060,000,000; Illinois
$9,000,000. Yet Illinois I. the more populous
State, and to send its produce to market
needs more currency than any State la the
Union. But when men must be bad to fill
the ranks of our armies, then each State
must give its quota. Now, wo have ever
had a plain rule to get at the Just allure of
taxes and burdens. Taxation and repre
sentation must go together. But a new
system was gotten up for the quota. They
were based upon the enrolment of able
bodied men. Under this rule there were end
leasquestions as to liability to be enrolled and
construction of law. Orders and counter
orders and explanatory orders were put forth
by the Provost Marshal General until every
one was bewildered. But under all this
there were quiet manipulations wbleh made
the following result In Democratic 'dis
tricts in this Ennui the men were held to be
vigorous and robust, and to bear arum.
In Republican districts the ere loyal but
weakly. In Massachusetts the men as a
class were so feeble that a Congressional
district could only send 2,107. In Illinole,
districts had to send 4,004. So much for the
burdens. How was ate spoil divided? We
find that bank stock was given to Massa.
chueetts at the rate of $52 to each inhabi
tant, and to Illinois at the rate of $0• to each
The record will show how earnestly in this
place and elsewhere we protested against
this madness and folly. Alarmed at this
new source of danger to our country as it
woe a period of great distress at the 'West,
In my message of 1804, I urged the Logi'.
ture to reduce the tolls on Western produce
or to curry it toll free, in order to chock the
hostile fooling@ growing up in that section
of the country against the Atlantic States.
But I urged In vain. Our canals wore in
the hands of thieves and robbers, who
would not let these tolls bo diverted from
their own pockets. The Widow of WARN
tional question now hills upon us. It has
made confusion In the Republican ranks In
Congress. The resolution, to pay Govern
ment bonds in gold, which was confidently
brought forward at the beginning of the
session, sleeps in eommittee-roo na and will
never seethe light again. Men of both par
ties at the West will struggle to be foremost
in measures which will moot the feelings of
that section.
TUE OLIEENBACE QUESTION.
It has been proposed to pay most of these
bonds in the paper money called green
baoks,and It is claimed that this will gave the
people P 00,000,000, without doing injustice
to their holders, as it is alleged it was the
contract that they should thus be paid.
This is denied by others, and it le clear that
the proposal has excited alarm, not only as
to the mode of payment but as to a grow
ing fooling in !aver or repudiating the
whole debt. This springs out of the stu
pid folly which exempted the bond
holders frOm taxation, which lowered the
price of the bonds, as it made from the
beginning a distrust that a measure so
odious would endanger their payment. The
next cause of this feeling is the fact that the
party in power, to shield themselves from
the odium 61 crushing taxation, give out
that this Is necessary to pay our debts, when,
in fact, two-thirds of the money wrung from
the people is Wasted in corruption, or
lavished upon officials, or spent in
upholding the enormous cost of our
Government under its policy of keep- ;
log one-third of the States out of the
Union by military force. The whole odium
of this taxation they throw upon the debt
and the bondholders. The last and perhaps
the greatest peril to the public credit and
honor, is the fact which meets us at every
turn, and annoys wherever met, that the;
bondholder is paid in coin, while honest
labor gets a debased paper money. This ;
state of affairs alarms every thoughtful man. ;
How are these perils to be averted? We I
boldly and honestly met these questions at
the last election in this State, and we won a
triumph that astonished the country and ;
terrified our opponents. We will meet them
in the same spirit in our national councils,
and we will sweep corruption and usurpa •
tion out of the National Capitol. We
will show that a return to economy, hon
esty, and constitutional order is de
manded
alike by the interests of the tax
payer
and thepublic creditors, by the bond
holder and the laborer. This sectional di
vision
of our country into debtor and cred
itor States has caused much anxiety in the
minds of thoughtful men, lest it should dis
tract the counsels of our party. While on
the one hand the oppresive legislation
which burdens the West with high tariffs,
together with the fact that the revenues
drawn from all sections are mainly paid
out to one, excites deep feeling; on the
other hand, the bonds so unwisely and
wastefully issued, have gone into the
hands of innocent holders, who, to a
vast amount, are compulsory owners. It
is a mistake to suppose thatthey are mostly
held by capitalists. Large sums belonging
to children and widows, under the or per of
courts or the action of trustees, have been
invested in Government bonds. The vast
amounts held by life and fire insurance
companies and savings banks, are, in fact,
held in trust for and are the reliance of the
great body of active business and laboring
men or women, or of widows and orphans.
The savings banks of this State, which are
the depositories of the poor or of persons of
limited means, hold about 460,000,000 of
' Government onds. The whole amount
held in the State of New York, in the vari
ous forms of trust, will not fall below $200,-
000,000. If we look into other States, we
shall see that only a small share of these
bonds are held by men known as capitalists,
but they belong, in fact if not in form to
the business, the active and the laboring
members of society. The destruction of
these securities would make a widespread
ruin and distress, which would reach into
every work-shop and every home however
humble.
THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY AND THE NA-
There is a perfect accord in the DPMO
- ranks as to the policy and the need
of honesty and economy, but there is some
difference of opinion as to the construction
of the contract with the public , creditor.
Some hold that it is right, and that it is due
o the taxpayers, that we should save what
we can by paying principal of debt in cur
rency, but they underrate the force of their
own arguments. It is a mistake to sup
pose that the interests of the bondholder
and taxpayers are antagonistic. Tho feat
is overlooked, that in order to make any
saving by giving the bondholder a debased
or worthless paper, we must bring upon
ourselves disaster and dishonor, which will
cost a hundred-fold what we can save. It
means that we are to give to the laborer for
his toil a base currency; it means that the
honor of our country shall be stained ; it
means that our business shell be kept in un
certainty and confusion ; it means that the
laboring man shall suffer by the increased
cost of the comforts of life; it means that the
tax-payer shall be burdenedby a Govern
ment proved to be corrupt' and imbecile
by this very depreciation of its money.
We - cannot afford to speculate upon
the nation's honor at so fearful a cost.'
When a dishonest merchant or a corrupt
Government wishes to make large profit
in speculating in their own peper, they must
dishonor themselves as much as they can.
There is a great gain in this plan, as upheld
by Mears. Butler and Stevens • they not I
only propose to pay in depreciated paper,
but they are doing what they can to dis
honor the character and credit of the cann
ily.. If they carry out their corrupt revo
lutionary schemes, they will pay off the
debt with paper which is not worth ten
cents on the dollar. There is no Democrat
living who thinks this can be done with
safety, or that it is for the interest of the
tax-payer at the East or West. Every
Democrat demands a policy of peace, order.
and economy, And just so far as be gains
that' he` lifts up the national credit; he
helps the"-tax-payer and does justice to
the bondholder; he makes our currency
as good as sterling coin; ' for that will rise
with the public credit. The error is in
supposing that under a Democratic ad
ministration the currency would still stand
fixed at a discount of one-quarter. To
RV that, la 'to say' thaV we are 'to fail
as our oppments have The .na
on'a credit cannotAhe b ght . at a pro
•t unless the naha's ,character t ia , lila
honored. If we come ititopoweCthere will
be no discredit on our encomium '
specu
lation in paying our bonds in paper. I
thank God that the faith which we all hold
as one man seeks to level up, not tolevel
down. It means that sterling cola' aball
ringr on the counterof the Inuberntui,
and tter in the palm of labor, and glade
den e heart of the wounded soldier. SOur
friends forget the force of their own-argil- .
merit. When show how_the,debt,will'
be paid and to
, an light=ed hyeannozny
and honesty, they, also show our paper
Monis will ,be, made as good u gold. The
downward muse of the nun in power ad.
mita of trafiloking in the honor of the
oountry. They an sink it to that point
that the payments of the debt will be an
easy . matter,! but an d wil be at cost of the
honor, the peso% welfltre of onr land.
While, thsrefbrs, we may difht as to the
construction 'of the contract with the pub
lio creditor, we must not oonfound the posi
lions of, thou Who think it right to pay in
paper, but who battle to makolhat paper u
good as gold, with the position of thou
who mean not only to pay in paper, but
who are also destroyingthe value of that
paper. That is repudiatiww We are not
trying to give paper to the bondholders, but
gold and silver to the people. There is
nothing to fear from those who think by
the,ooniraot you should take paper, if they
take a course which will mate that paper
good as gold. There is everything to Mx
from those who are driving on to bank
ruptcy. and it matters not what their pro
fessions may be.
AN APPEAL TO THE COUNTRY.
We appeal to the bondholder to Join with
the taxpayers at the East and West in sav•
tug our country. We bold no bonds, but
in common with you we want the money
wrung from us, not squandered in oorrupt,
treasonable and revolutionary schemes, but
used to pay our debts. , Then you will get
your dues, and we shall be lightened of our
loads. Help us to pint men out of power
who try to put all the odium of taxation
upon you, while they grasp the proceeds ;
who endanger your claims by putting you
in the light of a favored aim, not because
they give you a better but the people a
woreo currency. Help us to wipe out as
soon as we can this bebt with its unpopular
oxemptions lest the men who justify re
pudiation by States separately shall also
declare for it by their Joint action
In Congress. If it is possible, you, more
than wo, aro interested in putting an
and to the mad career of Congress. We ap
peal to those who guard by policies of in
surrnoo against the dangers of fire, which
may sweep away their property ; to those
who try by life Insurance to make:provision
for their famines when death takes them
away ; to those who have put their slender
earnings into saving banks so that they
may have some support in slokneas or mis
fortune—to see if they have not a deep In
terest in stopping our Government in its
career of bankruptcy and dishonor. We
implore them to bear in mind that the only
security they have for the sacred purposes
and deposits are the bonds of the Govern•
ment, and those will be worthless if florets
not an administration put in power which
will beak to bring batik peace, order and
economy, and honesty to our country. We
appeal to the bond-holders to help rescue our
country from the hands of corrupt and
wasteful men. By so doing they will not
only best secure their own Interests, but will
gain the good-will and gratitude of tho op
pressed laborers and tax-payers.
4 WORD TO CAPITALISTS.
We aro not influenced in our viown either
by hostility to or regard for the wealthy,
but with a solo purpoeo to do right. For
that class of mon called capitalists I have
no peculiar rospoot, for they have shown
but little rospoot for themsolvoi. They have
flavor risen up to a souse of the truth that
wealth and power carry with thorn duties
and responsibilities. While a British Poor
of the Realm goes to tho hustings through
scones of rudonoss and violence unknown
at our elections, our mon of wealth in the
City of New York feel they have not
onough of character to carry out the duties
of citizenship. They labor under a sense
of uncertainty of position which must be
bolstered up by a careful avoidance of the
rougher duties of life. I do not complain
that they aro not with us, but that they aro
nowhere when political duty la to be done.
THE NATIONAL DEBT.
• I deem it my duty to speak frankly on the
subject of the debt. We owe it to our
friends in other States to let them know
our position, so that we may not fall into
the fatal error of making sectional ques
tions a part of our national platform. They
would with justice reproach us if wo suf•
fered them to binder us in our battle in this
great State, which must bo won or our
country is lost. We have issues enough
with the parties in power upon which wo
think as oue .man, to overwhelm it with
disgrace and defeat. We must not dis
tract our counsels with questions, however
important they may be, upon which there
is so much of doubt, and which cannot be
settled in many years to come, We must
not thus turn away the public mind from
the dangers which threaten the immediate
destruction of the fabric of our Government
and the liberties of our people. Even new
the band of usurpation is stretched out
to rob us of all of our rights, and it must
be struck down first of all. What
ever our views may be, the payment
of this debt will fall upon the future.=
110 what we may, a generation that will
come after us will decide its modes without
regard to anything that we may say. The
depressed industry of our land, its suffering
labor demands that the load of taxation
shall be lightened. Our debt is not due until
fifteen years from this tame. How few of
those who now discuss this question will be
living then I If in the meanwhile our coun
try is well governed, if there is economy in
the conduct of its affairs and the rights and
liberties of our people shall beunimpaired,
our population will be increased from thirty
live to fifty millions, our wealth will be
more than doubled. Then this debt will
rest more lightly upon greater numbers and
greater wealth, than it presses to-day upon
the depressed industry and disheartened
spirit of the people. At our last election in
this State, we won a victory which gave
new hope to the friends of constitutional
order throughout the land. It gave joy to
the hearts of those who seek an honest,
honorable administration of the public af
fairs. We won that victory because we
ted our standard high. There came up to
uphold our banner the laborer, the tax
payer, and the bondholder, for they saw'
that we were battling for economy, for hon
esty and honor in the conduct of public af
fairs. They felt that these were demanded
by our common interests; that the weight
of government did not grow out of the cost
of upholding the honor of the country, but
the cost of supporting a dishonest and dis
honorable party in power. We deeply re
gret that our position should be censured
anyin _ quarter. But we cannot lower our
standard. We will not betray those who
came up to its support. It is enough that
honor forbids this. Even if we could stoop
to aught that is less than honorable, even
policy would dictate that this great State
should be held firm and steadfast in its
position, if we hope to save our country
from the dangers that menace it.
WHY OPPOSED TO CONGRESS.
I go against this Congress for its crimes,
and above all for those which it is now per
petrating against the liberties of the People
and the sanctity of the Judiciary. While we
sit here they drag the Chief Magistrate ofour
country, who has been stripped of rightful
power and shackled with humiliating re
straints, before a tribunal which decreed his
sentence before the charges against him were
framed. And what are these charges? He
dared against brutal and indecent statutory
insults to appeal to judicial tribunal. He
dared to do his duty and warn the people
against the follies and crimes of their legilla •
tore. This Congress has declared that to test
its acts in the warts established for that pur
pose is a crime, and that freedom of speech
is a high misdemeanor I When the Pres
ident entered upon his duties, he took
a solemn oath that "to the best of his
ability he would preserve, protect, and de
fend the Cbnatitution of the United States."
For trying to do this according to his
conscience he is impeached. If this high
officer may not appeal to the courts, if he
may not at all times by speech or writing,
warn the people of the dangers which me
nace their rights and liberties, what protec
tion is there for the humble citizen? We are
not lett to inference. Men have been arrested
without warrant, have languished or died in
prisons, without trial,and in many instances
have never known what offences were im
puted to them. The bill is already framed
to take away from citizens the appeal to the
courts in cases touching their dearest rights.
In ten States, military power tramples the
judicial under foot.. These men mistake
the spirit of the people. We defied them
when they were backed by a million of
armed men. We despise them now as they
tremble on the brink of disgrace and defeat.
During the past two years they have been
active in degrading the Executive and dis
gracing themselves. They may arraign
Mr. Johnson for bringing them into die
honor and public contempt, but their own
conduct, not his speeches, brought this
shame upon them
AZIDHEW JOHNSON
I have no political prejudices in favor of
Mr. Johnson. I have never seen him. He
is not one I helped to place in office, nor
have I ever ad visW him or been consulted
by him as to his polloy. .lICJIOW he has been
cheated and betrayed by those about him,
who plotted his destruction from the outset.
But while he has been most unhappy inhis
friends, no man has been so fortunate in his
enemies. They have given him a high place
in'history as one whosuffered for the nghts
of the A.merican people .And when he shall
go to his final amount and his friends seek
in clear, terse, and lasting terms to tell that
he was a man who loved his country and
was hated. by.the corrupt and treasonable,
they have only to chisel upon his tombstone
that . be was impeached by this House of
Representatives and condemned by this
Senate.
LXPEACH2dENT.
But Congress seems to have aimed at a
dramatio effect, and seeks to excite an in
terest in this "taking off" like that which
attaches to the eftaaaalontion of crowned
heads in darker ages, A arranger entering
the halls of the Capitol and who learned
there that one was to be deposed bees
he stood in the way of unlawful ambition
or corrupt schemes, as he looked over Inc
assemblage and listened to the debates,
Would readily , pick out those who were to
AM the dark;deed. 'The face of one would
tell hie character; map :wing about judi
cial 'murder would suggest another. A
k'would bo an" old man tottering
nips th4rmuMbling edge of ,the grave,
mxt* counsels should be those of, peace
1
NIIMBEIt 12
and charity but who shooks the world
by that sa ddest of all eights—whithereci
age given over to evil pardons, and
in ita last days mutteg rotium curses
and showing - imbecile m ali c e as it sinks
into the grave. In view of the foal ends
aimed alb the body that one day is agl
tided by discordant passions, by mutual
reproaches and taunts of crime, and the
next is whipped Into accord by guilty bars
—these are ilt instruments. Who more
eager than they to gain a decree that it Is
a crime to appeal to the judiciary they hate
and fear? Who so deeply concerned for a
decision thatfreedomof speech lea high mix.
demeanor as they who are daily gaired and
stung and tortured by the uttered acorn of a
people? We agree with them that ,open
cllicustion tends to bring this Congress
Into public contempt. When the sentence
is prejudged the trial will bo speedy,
No one thinks the solemn mockery
means a fair and honest trial. There
wu a shudder when certain Senators
solemnly swore to judge impartially. These
very ibrms of procedure, which were meant
to secure a fair trial, aro hideous when used
as marks to hide the =lice and hate that
is impotent to speak the verdict which
must not In form go before the trial. They
shook us aa do palls and shrouds and grave
clothes, which wrap up the body of dead
sod decayingce, while the grave dig
gers of the S ousewait to do their office of
putting away the murdered victim. This
congress has by its action opened wide the
door for the entrance of many disorganizing
schemes; it ha ven to the future many
dangerous us this, none so deadly In its
tendencies.
ANOTHER IMPRAOHMENT.
But there is another Impeachment to be
tried before a more august tribunal than the
Senate. We arraign this Congress before
the people of these United States fbr its
crimes against liberty ; against the Union;
against the rights of - oar citizens. We im
peach them in words of our Fathers against
the British Crown In the Declaration of In
dependence—because It "has rendered the
military independent of and superior to the
civil power"—because It "has erected a
multitude of new of kern to harasmour peo
ple and eat out their substance." Wo im
peach it "for depriving us In many oases
of the beoefits of trial by jury," " for taking
away our charters, abolishing our most val
uable lawn, and altering fundamentally the
powers of our Government;" "for suspend
ing legislatures and declaring themselves
invested with power to legislate In all eases
whatsoover.":Boyond the arim es charged by
our Fathers against the British crown, we
also impeach Congress for Its gross and con
tinued violation of the solemn declaration
made to the American people and to the
world, that they waged war upon the
South for the solo purpose of restoring
our Union, whiah Union they now keep
sundered Mr selfish, party, and corrupt
purposes. Wo also Impeach them as en
emies to the liberties of tho American
people, when they seek to take away the
protection of the Judiciary and rob us of the
freedom of speech, There can be no Moo
dom in that country whore courts of law are
cloned against the citizen who soaks protec
tion Muni unooretitutional statutes. There
is no help againit tyranny, outrage, or cor
ruption If thorn Is no appeal to the %de
pendentjudiciary. " There in no liberty In
a land lithe power of thejudiciary be not
separatod from the legislative and executive
departments." Whet, then, in the condi
tion of our country when In one-third of our
States the judiciary is under the feet of the
nillitary—that—milltury which our fathers
told us must ever be kept in subordination
to civil authority. In the grand old rem%
lie of Rome the general who commanded
armies wan not admitted within the walls
of the capitol. A Roman Senntewould not
let the shadow of military power fall upon
the pavements of their city, but an Ameri
can Senate with guilty cowardice clings to
the skirts of titylotorious general. We warn
those who have gained the gratitude of the
American people upon the battle-field
against soiling their fame by becoming
the tools of bad and artful men. There
Was no braver in spirit In the struggle of
the revolution than that of him who won
victories by his courage, whose blood
sprinkled the field of battle, and who at
one time was the idol of a people who now
hold his memory In scorn, for he proved
ratter to liberty.
A Field Day In Now York—The Flight
Between the Churches and the Flight
Between the Railroads' the Battle of
the Priests' and the Battle of the
Brokers.
The Now York correspondent of the
Philadelphia Ledger gives the following
account of affairs at the seat of these wars
on Saturday last :
Farther developmente of a very interest
ing character were made to-day in the two
great controversies which are at present agi
tating "the Church" and agitating Wall
street and, for that matter, agitating all
New York—one, the finale of the Tyng
case; the other,
the railroad fight between
Vanderbilt and Drew.
First, as to the Tyng case. The admoni
tion came off this morning, as previously
announced at the Church of the Transfigu
ration, in Twenty-ninth street. A dense
crowd was present, and a number of po
licemen were on hand to keep down ex
citement and preserve order. After the
usual morning prayer, Rev. Mr. Tyng took
the position assigned to him and listened
to the Bishop's admonition, which was
read from printed slips. It is a lengthy
document, and would occupy about two
columns of the Ledger.
The Bishop, in conclusion, said; "We
have felt ourselves obliged to be distinct and
emphatic, but we have had no wish to be
severe. We have no feeling in our heart
that would prompt us to be so. If there be
any severity in appearance, it is the severity
in which the Truth, in its application to in
dividuals and cases, will sometimes clothe
itself. You will utterly mistake the whole
character of these proceedings from begin
ning to end, the motive in which they origi
nated, and the spirit in which they have
been conducted and concluded, If you attri
bute them to any unkind personal feeling,
or to any sinister motive connected witn
theological opinions or party conflict. In
deed, the judgment and temper which could
ignore the plain facts and principles of
this case, and ascribe all these measures
to narrow personal or party passions,
would be little to be envied. Should you
find it consistent with your views and feel
ings, as we earnestly hope and pray you
may, to prosecute your work In a spirit of
loyalty to the principles, discipline and
usages of the Church of which you are a
minister, we, for our part, and we believe
we speak the mind of the whole Church,
would find only unmixed satisfaction
in extending sympathy, encouragement
and hearty commendation to every useful
effort you might be enabled to make."
At the conclusion of the admonition there
was quite a "scene," which is thus de
scribed :
The Rev. Dr. Tyng, Sr., rose to road a
written protest. He said, " Right Rev
erend.
The Rector (Dr. Houghton) began at the
same moment to read the prayers In the
Institution office, commencing, "Oh, Al
mighty, who haat built thy Church on the
foundation of the Apostles and Prophets,
The Bishop, turning to Dr. Houghton,
said, with an emphatic wave of his band,
"go
h o e n it f , v
.oo m" .
)r. Tyng then ceased reading,
but remained standing.
At the conclusion of the prayer, the
Bishop pronounced the blessing. As he
was about to retire, the Rev. Dr. Tyng ad
vanced and handed him the protest, which
the Bishop, bowing, received.
After the Bishop and clergymen had re
tired, an excited crowd gathered round Dr.
Tyng, Jr. ; some wished him to advance to
the altar and make an address ; others
wished to shake hands with him, and
others still hissed loudly.
The police officers promptly interfered,
and prevented the unseemly tumult.
The paper above referred to states that, as
one of the counsel of the respondent he, the
Rector of St. George's, protests against the
whole proceeding, from Its commencement
to its conclusion, as "false in its allegations,
unjust in its principle. =ampoules' in its
form, illegal in its transaction, iniquitous
in its purpose, and voluntarily and persis
tently persecuting in its spirit, process and
development. Hence he " appeals to the
supreme and final decision of the General
Convention, and with the deepest humility,
but with confidence unfeigned, to the judg
ment seat of the Lord Jesus Christ, who is
the one Great Head and Ruler of His Church,
and whose approval can never be given to
the persecution of the innocent or tu the op
pression of t he weak."
The Tyng business thus being disposed
of, the position of a ff airs in the Erie fight,
as disclosed to-day, may next be briefly
described.
When the troubles which afflict the Erie
Railroad stockholders culminated some two
weeks ago in the gigantic suit against Dan
iel Drew and others, It was considered on
all sides that the dispute would be solved
in the courts, and that the litigation would
be confined to this one suit. But the num
ber of appeals which have arisen out of the
first, has dispelled these hopes, and how
many injunctions and legal stages are to
follow no one can even conjecture. Andel
padng a sudden visit :of the officers of the
law, a regular stampede took place on
Thursday morning among the officials,
each one lugging'off an account book, desk,
drawer, or as many of the red tape docu
ments as could be grasped in the hurry of
Vile moment.
They passed into the Jersey City ferry,
d having reached Jersey City, they eu
' red Taylor's Hotel. The proprietor was
called for; a brief oonnnence ensued, and
the oompauy passed to an upper room of
the hotel, strict orders being given as to the
admission of visitors.
.... .
gown. Gonkl and Flake (ifireotors In the
Drew Interest); In order to escape arrest,
crested the North river last night, In II row
boat. daring a dense fog, narrowly sees
fl
ea ing
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main body at Taylot 's Soto!,
Preparations are tiling made to 'rennet
business In the hotel till the present troubles
have paued over. Till then they will re
main in conscious security on the Noll of
Jersey, which proclaims them free bat not
from the vigilance of detectives. The Jer
sey City and Hoboken ferrite on both sides
are carefully guarded by detectives Who, it
is said, arepromised liberal rewards if they
suoetvd in bagging their game" and de
ooyiag Daniel Drew, Metiers. Gould and
Flak Into the meshes of the law. The refu
gees are aware of this, and declare their do.
termination to "fight it out on this line,"
though they hesitate to add " If It takes all
summer."
1:1=1=!
Judge Hawkins, of tho Supremo Court of
Tonnessoo, has roalgnod.
Three hundred and eighteen petunia are
to be Issued for the ourront week.
The total National bank circulation on
March 10 wa55209,003,600.
Hon. Thos. S. Mho luta nocopted tho Con•
aorvative nomination for Governor of North
Carolina.
The Presbyterian Church at Grove Plus,
Rochester, was burned yesterday. L 0144,
010,000.
Alaska has boon made a separate military
department, and General J.Z. C. Davie has
boon assigned to its command.
The Virginia Convention has deeided to
levy a tax of throe per cont. for the payment
of its expenses.
The M. E, Conference Tract anniversary
took place In Union church Philadelphia
on the 17th inst.
Alexander 11. Stephens, who ham been
pending sometime in Philadelphia left for
he South on Monday.
Major Thomas Y, Field, of the Philadel
phia navy Yard, him not been confirmed
lieutenant oolonol of marines.
In tho Mississippi Convention, yesterday,
tho report of the Executive Committee was
adopted an a whole.
Ex-Congressman Wentworth, of Illinois,
Is Promidont of a poultry sooloty, and on
thushatin about Shaughaes.
Para Natural, a famous Parisian wok Ls
sent for to prepare all great dinners and
makes 08000 - every winter.
It le roportod that the Raritan and Dela•
ware Bay Railroad bee boon sold to the
Camden and Amboy.
A colored alderman In Now Orleans has
sued the Convent of the Sacred Heart, of
that city, for $lO,OOO damages for denying
its privileges to one of his family.
An Episcopal Church, the pont•offic D and
several other buildings, at Monroe, Bitch.,
were burned on Tudaday night. The loss
is over 470,000.
Lawrence (Kansas) has throe daily nem
pupora—the Tribune, Journal, and Repub
lican. Each of theme nowepapers also pub•
liehou a weekly.
Judge Ilawhine, of the TOIIIIOIIIOO Su
preme Court, has tendered hls resignation.
Henry C. Hmith, of Memphis, la spoken of
ns hie mummer.
(Joy. Geary hto ttppolutod DouJiunin A.
Dootly, of Willianusport, Prop. Wont Judge
of too now Judlolal Dletriet of Lyaoming
county. t.
Tho Susquehanna river was 18 feet above
low water mark, at Harrisburg, yesterday,
end rising. Thu water le one toot deep on
the track of the Pennsylvania railroad.
Extensive land slides have occurred 011
the Pun Handle and PittaburgandConneHa
ynie Rai!retitle, causing much damage and
obstructing travel.
A train of oars was blown off the track of
the Indianapolis and Cincinnati Railroad
on Monday, iknd wrecked. All the pas
sengers were injured, but none seriously.
The amount of damage to bridges and
mills In Mercer county by the recent 'break
up" of winter is estimated at eighteen
thousand dol_ars.
A monument is to be erected in the Nor
ristown publlo square In memory of the
Montgomery county soldiers who lost their
lives in the war.
Tho Massachusette House of Represents
tivom huvo appropriated $50,000 for the pre•
sorvation of Capo Cod harbor, which has
boon almost f il led up with sand..
In North Carolina a few days ago a air
oular saw was demoliabod by coming in
contact with a twenty-four pound solid shot
Imboddod in a Mao log—a relic of the war.
Tho first deposit of $5OO a side between
Johnny Koatiog and Richard HoHeywood,
for a tight for p,500, was made on last
Monday night. The fight is to take place
April 20, within fifty miles of Cinoinnatti.
A terrific hurrionno visited Toronto on
the 17th inst. The railway depots, dwelling
houses, churches, dm., were damaged $50,-
000: One man was killed and several
wounded.
The ferry boats plying botweon Philadel
phia and Gloucester Point, Now Jersey, not
withstanding the drift of ice from above,
commenced their usual trips for the season
on Saturday last.
John A. Bingham, who has beau chosen
Chairman of the Committee of Managers to
try President Johnson, was born at Mercer,
Pennsylvania, In len, and is therefore fifty
three years old.
A terrible storm of wind and rain raged
throughout the West and Northwest on
Monday night. The damage to property In
Missourt and Illinois will reach hundreds
of thousands of dollars.
Four hundred and thirty applications for
liquor licenses for hotels, eating holism', etc.
In Schuylkill county, have been filed with
the Clerk of the Sessions, fifty-nine of these
applicants are of Pottsville.
According to contract, one hundred and
eighty days is allowed for grading and lay
lug one hundred miles of the Pacific Rail
road, Western Division; 315 miles will be
in running order by August.
A company has been organized In Doug
lam township, Montgomery county, to
commence mining for copper ore early In
the spring, on tho farm of M. H. and J. R.
Brendlinger.
The Lehigh Valley down train on Thurs
day morning struck a deer, killed it, and
rolled It over the bank near Lehighton.—
The deer was on the track, when the engine
came along and struck it.
Below Castietown, N. Y., the Hudson
River Railroad Vs submerged, and trains
are sent via: the Harlem road. All along
the New York Central Retinae:l-the water
is high, and seven trains are delayed at
Palatine bridge.
The Harvard University Boat Club, It la
announced, are having a eix-oared paper
boat built, the weight of which will be only
ono hundred pounds—about one hundred
Per cent. lighter than wooden boats of its
size can be made.
A large trade in the Importation of wheat
from Lalifornia is going on at New York.
Eighty-nine vessels are said to be on their
way from from San Francisco to that City
at prosent, loaded with cargoes of whist,
aggregating about five million of bushels.
The ice Mountains which have formed in
Lake Erie during the present winter atlbrd
a magnificent and beautiful speotaele. From
the heights of Port Stanley they are to be
seen in great splendor when the sun is at
Its zenith or as it declines.
A diamond-Htudded sword, valued at
from ton to fifteen thousand dollars, ou
exhibition at the Patent Office, Washing
ton, was stolen on Monday night. It wee
a present from the Egyptian Viceroy to
Commodore Biddle.
The San Francisco Bulletin names the
following Republican candidates for the
Vice Presidency on tho Pacific slope• Sena
tor Cole, Senators Corbett and WiMans of
Oregon, ez•Oovernor Low, Frederick Bill
ings. the two Sena tors from Nevada,Thom p
eon Cambell, John Curry, J. W. Dwinells.
At the town eletion held on the 17th inst.,
at Haveratraw, N. J., Samuel C. Blanbeit,
Democrat, was elected Supervisor, over
John J. Cole, Republican by a majority of
153. The rest of the the ticket was anomie-
Cul by a majority of from 212 to 240. Last
year Cole, Republican, was elected by 58.
The white population of Memphis Is be
tween 45,000 and 50,000. There are also
about 16,500 negroee. These negro** gave
4200 votes at the late municipal election, for
their ticket. There are 7000 white voters In
the city, bat 4500 of them are disfranchised,
and they only polled 2400 votes.
The North Carolina Convention adjourn
ed yesterday. After the signing of the
Constitution, on Monday night, according
to the Associated Press despatches, the
" floor was cleared and the black and white
Radicals joined hands, forming a circle,
and obmmenoed a sort of corn.deld dance,
singing such songs as ' Old John Brown,'
'Hang Jeff Davis, &c."
Spicy Conummleatloti
The following le a copy of a communica
tion which was publistuxi in the Reading
Eagle:
Some time ago I saw the Berke and Schuyl
kill Journal, in which it was stated that
"Hoover, of the Heidelberg brigade, had
told the Editor of that paper that when his
hands and feet were tied Johnson would
not help him, therefore he would not prom
ise him the Heidelberg brigade." Why
did not the Editor of this " loyal " paper
publish our entire conversation? Why
does he wawa' the truth? Is he afraldthat
the truth will damage the bad cause of
which he is one of the defenders? I
told Mr. finabb that Johnson was
not my choice and I never voted
for him, but as long as he sustained the
Constitution and lTnion I would support
him, and if he bad acted as be should have
done, he would have extended a pole from
every window of the Capitol, from which
he would have stretched the necks of every
one of the impeachers. If he had done this
I would have agreed to double the Heidel
berg Brigade..
Yours, riam
Hti d
mint,Ofthe
Commander of the advanced gau
Heidelberg Brigada.