3toteUigmct & Jtottmal. Lancaster, December 1850. GEO. SANDERSpN, EDITOR. To onr Patrons* We need money very much at the. present time and would be greatly obliged to bur subscribers and advertising patrons, (we mean those who have not paid up,): If they would help ns to a tittle of the “Banna.”-.Those_wbo.reside at* distance can remit by mail at our risk. Will our friends think of this? If we did not need the money badly, we should not ask them for it. Send us on one, two three, four, or five- dollars — whatever you can spare—and <we. shall _be truly thankful for your at tention to our request. . 27"Tavebn Keepers, 'whose licenses expire at the January Term of, Court, should recollect that Ihe'.timg*^as; arrived for publishing their noti ces. 1 We have 1 any number of blank petitions on hand, whichi can be had by calling at this office. i JET* A letter from a Philadelphia correspondent only cams r to hand yesterday, morning.. Owing to its length we are obliged to postpone its publication till next week. Sorry for it. • ; „ , ID*Alderman KujTZ,ofthe glorious West Ward, has our thanks for a list of new paying^subscribers. ID*We neglected to mention in our last, that the •American Press $$ Republican, ofthis City, has ap peared in a new dress, which gives it quite a hand some appearance. Friend Miebs has associated, his son with him in the publication of the paper, both of whom have our best wishes for their pros perity. 27" We observe that quite a number of our con temporaries are boasting of the Thanksgiving and Christmas presents they are receiving from their patrons, in the shape of fat turkeys, chickens , fyc. Our turn has not yet come—although we should have no ■ objection to receive “some op the same sort.*’ Who speaks first ? THANKSGIVING.—Thursday last was very generally observed in this city, by a cessation, frotn business, religious exercises in the several Churches, dinner parties, &c., &c. RAILROAD EXCURSION.—The ceremony of opening the York and Cumberland Railroad will take place on Monday next, the 23d inst. The ex cursion will extend from -Baltimore to Harrisburg. The Cars will leave Baltimore at S o’clock, A. M., arrive at York at 11, and proceed to Harrisburg to dine*—returning the same day to Baltimore. Messrs. Gonder, Burke & Co. have kindly sent us an invitation to be preseut and participate in the excursion—for which they have our thanks. ID* We are pleased to learn, that the projected union of Franklin and Marshall College is about to be vigorously prosecuted. Rev. C. Bucher has been authorized to canvass the city and county for subscriptions to this worthy object. No business of importance has yet been done in Congress—nor will there be, we presume, until the holidays are over, or, at least until the different committees have put things in a proper shape. Tlie Guardian. This is the title of a neat monthly periodical, of thirty two pages, edited by the Rev. H. Harbaugh, Pastor of the German Reformed Church, of this City,, and printed at the office of the Examiner.— The work is “devoted to the social, literary, aud religious interests of young men and ladies,” more especially—but may be read with-'profit by the old and the middle aged. The number before us, which has just been issued from the press, is printed very neatly on fine white paper, with a handsome cover, and filled with highly instructive and interesting . articles on various subjects, mostly by the Editor. The January no., the one alluded to, commences the second volume, (the first one was published at Lewisburg, Union county, the former residence of Mr. H.,) and furnishes a suitable time for persons to subscribe. The work is published at the low pribe of $1 per annum, and is highly deserving of an extended patronage. Lectures in the High Schools. On Monday afternoon of last week the plan of giving instruction in some of the Natural Sciences was commenced in the High Schools of this City. One-third of the most advanced pupils of both schools, making a class of about 80, are to attend the .course. The sciences thus to be taught are Astronomy, Geology, Chemistry, Natural Philoso phy and Physiology.- The first or introductory lecture was delivered by Mr Becker, Principal of the Male High School, at 4 o’clock, P. M., and was nn able, sound and practical discourse, admirably suited to the occasion. Mr. Becker is to lecture on Geology. Mr. Drisuale, Principal of the Female High School, Physiology. Mr. Colburn on Astronomy. Mr. Coates on 'Natural Philosophy, and Mr. Taylor, Principal of the Night School, on Chemistry. Each is to give one lecture a week. These lectures are not to be formal written dis courses, to which the pupils are to listen without any. further means being taken to impress the sub jects on their minds; but familiar oral explanations, illustrated by proper apparatus and experiments of which the pupils are. to take notes, and on each of which they are to be carefully examined. We lock for much good from this new and promising feature in-the exercises of the school.— Lancastrian. \ The Industrial Exhibition.— The Secretary of the Treasury has issued a notice to parties in tending to forward articles to the Indus trial Exhibition, that the Navy Department have instructed Commandants in the Navy Yards at Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Norfolk to receive and safely store free of expense any such articles as may be placed in their possession, to be delivered to the revenue cutters, which will be sent in due time to convey them to the port of shipment on board the public vessel which may be designated to receive them. It will be desirable that these articles should be_ delivered at the above points as soon as practicable, in order that there may be no unnecessary delay in concentrating them' at the port ot shipment. ID*The Governor of Ohio, in his message deliv ered, on the 4th inst., advises the establishment of an efficient system of common schools and a revision of the statues on the subjectof education. A State reform school, on the plan of that now in operation in Massachusetts, is recommended. The financial condition of Ohio, is said to be prosperous, and the public debt has been reduced $1,273,921 since 1345. There are now in. the hands of the Fund Com missioners, to be appropriated to diminishing the State debt, $750,000. The South Carolina Inquiry.—' The President has replied tp the inquiry of Gov. Seabrook and the Legislature of South Carolina, why so many U. S. •troops were concentrated at Fort Moultrie. The President says in substance, .the question is one which the Governor or Legislature of South Caro lina has no right to put,—that by the Constitution, he is Commander-in-Chief, and has a Constitutional right to dispose of the XT. S. forces in barracks, when he considers it best for the public interests. As he is not responsible to State authority for his action, he respectfully declines answering the inqui ry. .Tie letter is. civil, but very significant. C Dicksons' pfojperty (jibe old Post'Office,) was sold on Saturday evening last, to Mr. E. Sho ber, for $9,725. A Lieutenant General. Hie pipject of creating an officer of the above rank is again brought forward, in the report bf'the Board of Arjny Officers published. We ffiosewhp cannot perceive theutility of an officer of that gnijde, at leaist in time of peace* If aLieutenspt General jjs needai at trtlfor theAr- 1 my, it is ifi war—bat eventhen it would to be-jinnecessaiy. WepasSed honorably and triumphantly through the war with Great Britain an 4 more recently with Mexico, without the aid of such an officer—and now, when we are at peace •with all the "world,'We ean scarcely/thinktiiat eitb. er the discipline or efficiency of the Army would be promoted by the creation of a high officer at art expense, probably, of more than ten thousand dollars per annum. It will be recollected by most of our readers, that, during the war with Mexico, President Polk sug gested the appointment of a Lieutenant General, to take command of the army operating inthat coun try. The.suggestion met with very little favor in Congress, it being argued that there was no neces sity for any higher grade of officer than already existed—namely a Major General. • This decision of Congress was in accordance with public opinion, and it was to be presumed would settle the question permanently. Not so, however. A board of Army Officers, with General Scott at their head, all of whom are directly interested in making as many higher grades as possible, have again brought the subject before Congress, and urge the creation of such an office. Wejrust the recommendation may be disregarded by the law-making power. The multiplication of high military offices is not in accordance with out republican institutions. A Lieutenant General—in time of peace, at least— would be a superfluous office in the Army, and ought not to be countenanced by Congress. If nec essary at any time, it would be in a state of war— and when that again takes place, which will hardly be in our day, it will Be time enough to establish the grade. Ttie Effects of Agitation. While politicians, who have their own purposes in view, are playing upon the prejudices and. sec tional feelings of the people at the North, the re action naturally produced by this course is work ing its inevitable results. For a long time past the North has supplied the South with manufactures of all kinds and received in return the cotton, to bacco and money of the South; the whole carrying trade .of the South has been in Northern hands; and out ol this business, which was and is almost a complete Northern monopoly, great profits were made and are now made. But there is a change in progress, the evidences of which are manifest from day today. The South ern people are awakening to the perception that if they would possess independence they must seek it in its first elements—in other words, in the devel opment of their own resources and in the employ ment of their own labor. The Albany Argus, no ticing these indications, remarks: In most of the Southern States great exertions are being put forth to develope their manufacturing resources. Cotton factories are being built to a considerable extent in Georgia,, and some in neigh boring States; at Baltimore the ship-yards are all busy building vessels for Southern ports; and all over the South the greatest activity is shown in the determination to be independent of Northern manu facturers, vessels and merchants. What will be the result of this? Inevitably to lessen the demand lor Northern and Eastern manufactures, and to de press commerce and labor in the free States. The effect cannot be otherwise; and we would ask the merchant, the manufacturer, and the laborer, to give the subject their careful consideration. Al ready has the North felt the effects of this needless sectional agitation, in the loss of Southern-support; and if it is continued, she will feel it still more keenly.” Undoubtedly—what else can the North expect? Do the fanatical agitators in that quarter suppose that the South will continue to throw means and appliances into their hands to be used for the de struction of Southern interests, and of the peace ol the South? That would be the extreme of fatuity. The money which is expended to promote the schemes of Abolitionists has been derived, at least much of it, from the profits of Southern consign ments and of Southern trade. The shalts that are aimed at the heart ol the South are winged with feathers from her own heart. She nurses the pin ions that impel the steel. But there will be. an end of this. Even fanaticism is sensitive in the region of the pocket, and the most ardent votaries of abo lition will not persist in carrying on warfare at their own cost. If principle weighs much with them, interest weighs more.— Balt. American. The Recruiting Service. The report of Adjutant General Jones, to the Commander-in-Chief, shows the operations of the recruiting service during the year. The service has been prosecuted with zeal and the usual success. Two field officers, fourteen captains, and ten subal terns are employed for the general service, of whom six company officers are engaged in recruiting for the mounted corps, under the superintendent, Major and Brevet Lt. Colonel Cooke, of the 2d dragoons. Eighteen captaius and subalterns, under the general superintendent, Major and Brevet Colonel Waite, of the Bth infantry, have been employed in recruiting for the fhot regiments. The receiving depots and schools of instruction established in the harbor of New York, and at Newport barracks, Kentucky, for the artillery and infantry arms, and the one at Carlisle barracks, Pennsylvania, for the mounted regiments, are commanded by zealous and experienced officers. The system greatly conduces to economy, discipline } instruction,and dispatch, in forwarding recruits to the several regiments. The principal depot having been some years since temporarily Governor's Island, New York, while Fort Wood was undergoing repairs, has been re-established-on Bedlow’s Island. The number of enlistments during the year were 3,095. According to the present laws, the number of enlisted men of the line is U,528. The term being five years, one-fifth of this number, supposing the army to be full, (2,304,) goes out every year by expiration of enlistment; and if there be. added the loss by death, discharges for disability, and deser tions, the number will be increased to about one third, (3,850,) which is required to be annually supplied by new The records show that of the 19,699 persons who have offered themselves the current year at the recruiting stations, only 2,884 were accpted by the recruiting officers as able-bodied, and otherwise fit for the service. During the year, also, no less than 2,564 applicants have been refused at the rendezvous on account of their being minors. Shocking Catastrophe. We learn trom the Carlisle .papers, that a small brick building, situate in an alley in the southern part of the town, was burned on Saturday night a week, and, horrible to relate, the occupants—an old German named Jqhn M. Dick, his wife and daugh- Xer, perished in the flames. The fire occurred be- r ween 12 and 1 o’clock at night, and before it was discovered the flames were bursting from the win dows. It is supposed the unfortunate inmates were asleep at the time the fire originated, and that they were suffocated by the smoke and unable to escape. The charred bodies of the three persons were bur ied in one grave the succeeding day. OHIO.— Governor Wood was inaugurated at Columbus, on Thursday last. The votes cast at the recent election for Governor have been counted in Legislative convention, and are—for ' .Reuben Wood (Dem.) 133,093; for William’' Johnßton, (Whig,) 121,105; for Edward Smith, (Free Soil,) 13,756; and 93 scattering. The Constitutional Convention, now in session at Cincinnati, contemplate adjourning to Columbus. , A tremendous fire occurred at Halifax, Nova Scotia, on Wednesday last. The North Barrack and two entire streets of houses were consumed. ■ y A ■ new Ally. The old adage has it that “bTrds of a feather .ad-, fltffck together/’ This is exemplified in the E&mrincri- of last osqatiy staid and' ijttiet neighbor/the editor of that piper, hss come tof-the assistance of the rum, aijfc inerited &nd excoriating attacks ofGoL Fobext.— This iB.no thaßThight hjjrie beeii expected. The latter sheet, by its attempted disor ganization of the Democratic party and its foul mouthed abuse of Mr. Buchanan, has been doing good service to the Whig party: in-.'this'‘County— and it is nothing more than fair that; in its extrem ity, when its battery is silenced by the well direct ed shots of the Colonel, and when public opinion is ®9 strongly against its course in every part of the State, it should have the sympathy and aid of its Whig coadjutor, wbo would like to see Mr. Buch* abax and every other prominent Democratic-states man prostrated by factious movements in our own Party. ' „ Truly—“ a fellow feeling makes us wondrous kind, 7 * and we give the Lancastrian joy of its Whig ally. Col. Fobbet may now'expect a bombard ment in,front and in rear from this new coalition that has been formed against him; but, as they fire at long distances, it is doubtful whether their shot will/iake effect At all events artillery wilfthardly silence his battery, if he should deem it- necessary to work it. The Col. has seen too muchmud service in the Democratic cause, to be frightened at pop-gun explosions. AND YET ANOTHER!—The York Republican, the organ of Whiggery in our neighboring county, comes also to the assistance of the Lancasterian , and publishes the “ BundeV letter with comments similar to those indulged in by the latter paper. Verily, the enemies of Mr. Buchakan, in‘‘this county, must be hard run for assistance in their disreputable course, when they are under the ne cessity of applying to the Whig organs of this and the neighboring counties to aid them in their work of defamation! But, we suppose they think any port in a storm is better than none, and os they have not been able to elicit one spark of sympathy or approval from a solitary Democratic paper, either in this State or out of it, they are willing to apply to the Whig press for aid and encouragement, now that their course is repudiated by the honest Dem ocracy ol the country. How are the mighty fallen i Words of Truth. Mr. Poinsett, of South Carolina, a veteran Democratic statesman and a lover of his country, has addressed a letter to his fellow citizens which appears in the Charleston papers. From his retire ment he speaks to the people ol South Carolina such word 9 of truth and wisdom and of rational patriotism as may well compensate for the insen* sate appeals which have recently come from others, in that State, who in taking leave of their feEfF discretion, seemed to have supposed that the pubilfc mind also had' lost its perceptions of We give the conclusion of Mr. Poinsett’s letter, in which he alludes to secession and a Southern confederacy: No line can be draw that will not involve ques tions of boundary and right, only to be settled by the last appeal, and this country would soon exhibit the miserable aspect* of the Spanish American States. Besides such a confederacy would present no barrier against the attacks of the abolitionists of all the world. The sympathies of civilized Europe are against our Institutions, and if they be not protected by the Constitution and the much despised Union, our slaves would not be worth ten year s purchase. In such a confederacy, how many causes of discontent would occur? How could we with our habits of eternal agitation be satisfied with our station in it? Our relative importance, in tbeSouthern confederacy, would diminish every year unless we could change our habits altogether, and instead ol devoting all our energies to political agitation, as we have done lor the last twenty years, turn our minds to the promotion of commerce, manufactures and easy communications by land and water, from the interior to the coast. But, under the lead of South Carolina,such a confederacy will never be created. We are unfortunately not renowned for our wisdom or prudence, and our fnvitations, and our taunts will be alike in vain to drive our sister States into measures of violence for the past—what they future may bring forth, time will show. But, I warn the Northern men who love their country and desire to preserve the Union, that they must restrain their own agitators: men whom my own self-respect prevents me from characterizing as they deserve—men, who are no fanatics, lor fanatics are honest, but political dem agogues of the worst description, using their money and abusing their talents, to deceive and seduce the people; and who would not hesitate to elevate themselves to power over the reeking ruins of their country. The opposition, commenced under my own eyes, to the infamous machinations of these men, must be continued by the united efforts ol the good and trtie ol all parties, and the Constitution will be sale and the Union preserved. If there are any among us, so wild as to think of separate State A.ction, to them I would say, that they mistake violence for strength. Let them ex amine the map and consult the census, and they will see our relative weakness and understand with what ease South Carolina might be prevented from inflicting any injury except upon herself. But I will not pursue this humiliating theme— it is improbable that such a measure will be resor ted to. It would be as absurd, as for one to throw himself from a precipice in the expectation of in juring his enemy by the fall. Fellow citizens, my task is done. I felt impelled to address you as a friend and brother, by the interests 1 have at stake in this question, by my zeal for the honor and welfare oft my native State, by the- long experience I have had of the iearful consequences of the revolution, and by my devotion to the Union, to which, under Heaven, I believe we owe our unexampled prosperity as a nation. War lipou tlie Country Press. It will be seen by reference to Postmaster Gen eral Hall's report, that he recommends not only that the present tax upon newspapers circulating within the county and congressional district in which they are published, thall be continued, but that the cents postage on papers carried over 100 miles, and beyond the State in which they are published, be reduced to one cent! Mr. HalFs idea of justice appears to be that a paper passing 5 or 40 miles iff the mail should pay as much postage, as one“ passing 1000 or 1500 miles ! That is his recommendation. We have*not yet seen a Press, of city or country, bold enough to endorse such an outrageous propo sition; and we cannot . believe there is a man in either House of Congress so destitute of all sense of right, as to give it his sanction. The N. Y. Tribune, a press that probably has as extended a circulation as any other American Press, does not hesitate to denounce this portion of Mr. Hall s report, and to advocate a discrimination in favor of the Country Press. We trust country publishers will at once speak out, in a voice that will be understood and respected by Congress ; and declare openly and boldly against all postage reJorm which does not make a more just discrimination in newspaper postage, than that which now exists. Free circulation, (or some mere nominal postage—say 10 cents a year—) within the county and congressional district, is what is desirable. This will be just alike to all districts of country—to the more thickly, as well as to the more sparsely populated. We cljp the above from the West Chester Re- nd endorse every word of it with all our heart.'"-Too long has the country press been made subsidiary to the city press. Our able contempo rary has hit the nail on the bead. We hope Con gress will disregard the recommendation of the Postmaster General, and, instead thereof, give us such a reform as the interests of the great moss of the people require. Let the country press speak out on this subject. The Large Glass Edipice erecting in London for the World’p Fair, is fast progressing towards completion. Two thousand men are employed upon it Its length wMe 200CLfeet, and its breadth 400 feet, covering 20 acre*it ground, and being of height sufficient to embrace ; under its roof some of the high forest trees of Hyde Park. The structure is carried on in traverse sections of 24 feet each,.east and west, extending across the width of the building north and south. Commenc ing at each extremity, and working towards the centre, t two parties of 130 men respectively, add two sections of 24 feet per day, thus advancing 96 feet per day across the entire breadth. The Poi»iftc Lands. Hjcently published annual report of the Com -Diissioner of the GeneraLLand Office shows that tfc whole quantity of lands sold and.disposed the year “Hpjwy bounties, State selections, &c., wjOl w? acres, amounting, at sl2sX>er acre, t056,428,- For 1849, 5,184,401 acres were disposed Jjf inlikenoanner, amounting, at u tb« same $6,575,02£. And for the three quarters of 1850, exclusive of the bounty locations not yet returned for the third quarter, 2,815,366 acres, were disposed of; amounting, at the rate stated, to "$3,502,041 The whole area‘of the public lands, exclusive of those in Oregon, California, New Mexico, Utah, the Indian and Nebraska Territories, was 424,103,750 jSCfes. .oflthese about one-fourth have been spldlorthe sum while the whole cost of every kind to the Government, including the amount paid to France for Louisiana, to Spain for the Floridas, and for the extinguishment of the Indian title, was $74,957,879 making the net profit to the Government $50,381,213, or an average of nearly one and a quarter millions of dollars annually lor the last fifty years. Nearly the same amount has been granted, in bounties,for works of internal improvements, &c. The average cost of the public lands, including the purchase, extinguishing the In dian title, surveying, selling and managing, &c., is only 214 5 cents per acre, while for each acre the Government receives $1 25 per acre, making a net profit of 103 1-5 cents per acre. The sale of the mineral lands in Oregon and California is recommended in the report, and the benefits of that system, as compared with the leasing of these lands, are ably considered and fully sus tained. The evils growing out of the leasing ol the mineral lands in Missouri, Illinois, Wisconsin and lowa, are graphically described; and it is clearly shown that that system has wholly failed as a source of revenue; that it has been a loss pecuniarily to the Government, directly to a consid erable sum, and indirectly to a much greater amount; and, moreover, that it has been the fruitful source of litigation and crime. VOICE OF INDIANA.—The Members of the Constitutional Convention of Indiana, now in sess-. ion at Indianopolis, on the 3d inst., adopted a strong series of resolutions heartily acquiescing in the action of Congress in passing the late measures of adjustment, and boldly avowing a determination to maintain them in good faith.. The preamble and resolutions are as annexed, the vote on their adop tion being 90 to 26: Whereas, the Congress of the United States pass ed at its last session, a series of acts, commonly called the Compromise measures, and whereas, cer tain misguided individuals, in various States of the Union, have expressed their determination to resist a portion of its laws. Therefore, Be it Resolved, That, in the opinion of this con vention, the common sentiment of the people of In atinfa sustains and endorses, in their general fea tures and intention, the said series of Compromise measures as passed by Congress, and recognises, in the success of those measures, an earnest of securi ty and perpetuity to our glorious Union. Resolved, That whatever may be the opinions of individuals as to the wisdom or policy of the de tails of one, or any of the acta of Congress above referred to, it is the duty of s all good citizens to conform to their requisitions, and to carry out, in good faith, the conditions [of that Compromise on the subject of domestic slavery which is coeval with the Federal Constitution. Resolved, That a copy of this preamble and res olutions be transmitted to the Governors of each State and Territory of the United States, and to each of our Senators and Representatives in Con gress. Vermont Anti-Slavebt Deputation. —The Washington Republic strongly denounces the course pursued by the Vermont Legislature in enacting a law to prevent the execution of the Fugitive Slave Law, and is especially severe upon Governor Will iams for approving of it.— lb. .The Republic ought not to he so severe on its Whig brethren of Vermont. It is a good. Whig State, with a Whig Legislature and Whig Gover nor, and nothing else could have been reasonably expected from that quarter. The friends of the Constitution and the supporters of the Union are not to be sought for “ away down East.” They are to be found, in great numbers, amongst the DeJ mocracy of the Keystone State. MILLARD FILLMORE.—The Whig papers in Virginia seem to be directing their attention to wards Mr. Fillmore as a candidate for re election to the Presidency. Already the Winchester Re publican, Charlestown Free Press, and Bedford Sen tinel, have flung his flag to the beeeze, and more are preparing to follow. Its of no use, however. The signs of the times point with unerring certainty to Gen. Winfield Scott, as the Whig candidate; aud there is scarce ly a doubt but that he will be the nominee, not withstanding the antipathy of Whiggery to military candidates! Bank Applications. We were in error last week in stating that there would be lew or no applications for Bank Charters during the coming session of the Legislature. The Philadelphia Ledger gives the following list of in tended applications published in the Harrisburg papers, and the amount of capital asked for by each. Anthracite Bank of Tamaqua, $500,000 Richmond Bank, Phila. Co.. 500,000 Carlisle Bank, loo’ooo Valley Bank of Monongahela, 150,000 Mauch Chunk Bank, 200,000 Spring Garden Bank, Phila., 250,000 Blair Co. Bank, Hoilidaysburg, 300,000 Far. and Mechanics’ Bank, Allentown, 200,000 Bank of Fayette Co., 100,000 Kittaning Bank, (State stock security,) 200,000 Southwark Bank, for increase of capital, 150,000 Kensmgton Bank, Phila., “ 250,000 Bank of Commerce, “ “ 250,000 Mechanics’Bank, “ • 200,000 Schuylkill Bk., Phila. (renewal of chr.,) 1,000,000 Easton Bank, at Easton, u “ 400,000 Dauphin Deposit Bk., Harrisburg, “ 50,000 Allentown Sav’s, with disc’t privileges, 100,000 * $4,900,000 Here is nearly five millions of dollars asked for in one batch. Of this sum, two millions five hun dred thousand dollars is asked for new banks; eight hundred and fifty thousand for the increase of the capital of existing banks, and one million five hundred and fifty thousand dollars in renewals of charters. There are in all eighteen applications, seven of which are from the county of Philadel phia, and collectively cover more than half the amount of increased capital prayed for. Four of these seven are asking for increase of capital, one for renewal of charter, and two (or new charters.— Reading Journal. President Polk’s Cabinet. On the 4th of March, 1849, the brilliant Ad ministration of James K. Polk was brought to a close. The distinguished gentlemen who then composed the Cabinet, were James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania. Robert J. Walker, of Mississippi. William L. Marcy, of New York. Cave Johnson, of Tennessee. Isaac Toucey, of Connecticut. We spread these names before the public for the purpose of asking a plain question of such friends as are denouncing the Compromise measures. Do you believe there is a man amongst them, who would commend an act of Congress, which is not just in its operation to every section of-our wide spread territory ? Look over the list again, and answer the question; for we are going to announce a fact, that you are probably unapprised of.— CJrEvery one of them heartily acquiesces in the settlement of the slavery question, and thinks it the duty of all good citizens, both, in the North and in the South, to set their faces against the further agitation of the subject; To use a borrowed expressionr—stick a pin here, —Nashville Union. Census op New York.— The census of the City of New York, which has just been completed, shows a population of 517,849—being an increase of 146,620 in the last five years Sleighing.— There is said to be excellent sleigh ing north and west oF t Albany. The Schoharie mail.tad arrived at that place on runners, and there were as many sleigh as wagons in the country market on Monday the 9th inst. Pablte Opinion. We might give column alter column of such noticea.as the if we-had room. They ¥1 to show the enviable position Mr. Buchanan xxeehjues.before thecountayyandthe Bigh/eatimaf© which upon his great abf patrwtiVletter to'-thH;tfmon Meeting at Philaddphi*-ia letter which the this imd hr itsu iipmediate neighborhood Mr. B. tiks resided for about forty years, has not had the magnanimity to publish, probably owing to the free soil notions entertained by the Editor. From the Trumbull (Ohio) Democrat... Letter op Hon. James Buchanan.—To the ex clusion of editorial and much other matter, we to day publish the letter of this distinguished Pennsyl vanian, read at the great Union Meeting held in Philadelphia on theevening of the 21st ult.‘ Mr. B. is one of the ablest men in the country—a pro found lawyer and a clear-headed statesman. His letter, therefore, commends itself to the favorable consideration of every one. Read it, by all means: From the I Vaynesburg {Greene Co.) Messenger. The letter of Hon. James Buchan am, of Pennsyl vania, is alike worthy the pen and patriotism of that distinguished statesman. He looks upon north ern fanaticism as of the utmost danger to the Un ion, calling for the severest condemnation and re buke from the true friends of our country. He re gards the Wilmot Proviso as a prolific cause of all the late divisions, dissensions and dangers to which our country has been exposed since the meeting' of the last Congress. It was this monster that so long defeated all attempts at an adjustment of our inter n&l difficulties, and would, if successful, have proved the dissolution of the Union. He'pronounces it now dead; and says the Fngltive Slave Law is constitu tional, and ought to be strictly obeyed. In short, this great letter is just wkat every considerate and intelligent patriot in the State would desire to see from the pen of her most distinguished son, at a moment when his opinions may exert the most beneficial influence upon the country. From the Tioga Eaglf. Hon. James Buchanan.— The reply of Pennsyl vania's favorite son to the committee of invitation for the Union Meeting, recently held in Philadel phia, may be found on the first page of this week’s impression. This letter is an elaborate and impar tial disquisition on the political topics of the time, especially the slavery agitation. Mr. Burhowks, the Secretary of the Common wealth under Joseph Ritner, in 1838, has com menced his abuse of Mr. Buchanan through the columns of the Lancaster papers. The Whigs of Lancaster county have no love for Mr. Buchanan, and their abuse is nothing more than might have been expected from such a source. We regret, however, that any personal feeling should lead some Democrats in Lancaster to oppose Mr. B. political ly, when just the reverse should be the case, if po litical honor and integrity are of any importance. From the Monroe Democrat, A Great and Noble Letter. —The imminent danger with which our country has been menaced by the' slavery excitement, has called forth the mightiest intellectual efforts of many of the most celebrated statesmen of our country;—but among all the eloquent speeches and able letters to which it has given rise, we know of none equal, certainly none superior, to the able letter sent by the Hon. James Buchanan to the great -Union Meeting at Philadelphia. As soon as we can find room for it. we shall lay it before our readers. From the Mobile (Alabama) Register, The letter of Mr. Buchanan, which is briefly re ported,--seems to have a most noble document. There is no apologetic palaver about him. He marches right up to the mark; boldly sanctions the Fugitive Slave' Law, and denounces the Wilmot Proviso. His ground, it is well known, has always been the line of the Missouri Compromise. • He still stands by his principles—one of “the noble few in Sardis, who have not defiled their garments.” Honor to the statesman and the man! IN PHILADELPHIA.— The Public Ledger of Wednesday last, says: “We notice that the Hon. James Buchanan is one of the guests at the Merchants’ Hotel, Fourth street, and that he has been called upon by a large number of citizens, of both political parties. Mr. Buchanan is a man who has filled many public stations, always with credit to himself and his State. We refer to him not as a partisan, but as a statesman.” JENNY LlND.—This lady gave three concerts in Baltimore last week, to crowded houses. During the present week she sings in Washington City— from whence she goer to Charleston, where she is to be from the 23d to the 31st inst. She next visits Havana, and will charm the Cubans for ten or twelve nights, after which she will sail for New Orleans, so as Jo be. there about the Ist of February. It is said to be Barnum’s intention to proceed with Mdle Lind from New Orleans to the City of Mexico, and make a short stay there.. Upon his return, he wilt visit St Louis, Louisville, Cincinnati, and per haps Pittsburg, on his way to New York—whence he will sail so as to reach London in time for the World’s Fair in May next. VIRGINIA SENATOR.—The Legislature of Virginia have re-elected the Hon. James M. Mason. to the U. S. Senate, for six years from the 4th of March next. Mr. M. is a gentleman of ability—but somewhat ultra in his views on the subject of slavery, having voted against several of the compromise measures ot the last session. He is the author of the Fu gitive Slave Law. s3r We again call attention to the beautiful art of Grecian Landscape Painting, as taught by Mr. Anderson. A knowledge of his system enables the possessor to sketch every feature ot a scene he has ouce looked upon with pleasure, or which early recollections may have hallowed, and preserve its resemblance for his future gratification. In a space of time, incredibly short, he can transfer to paper the outlines of the natural landscape—bring out in accurate perspective its sky, clouds, mountains, fo liage, rocks and water, and, with the simplest ma terials, prodnce a picture, which, tor softness and finish, will hardly be rivalled by the best steel en gravings. GEN. SCOTT’S REPORT.—The report of the Commanding General, which accompanies the President’s Message, recommends the organization of two additional regiments of dragoons or mounted riflemen, and an* additional regiment of infantry— with an increase in the rank the regi ments already organized. 03“ The population of Berks county is 77,179 — being an increase in ten years of 12,G20. ID*Gov. Flotd, of Virginia, who takes strong ground in his message in favor of the Union, says, nevertheless, that the repeal or essential modifica tion of the Fugitive Slave Law, by Congress, will be the repeal of the Union. In either event, he recommends Virginia to call a State Convention for the purpose of taking redress into their own hands in conjunction with the rest of the Southern States, Railroad Contention.—An adjourned Conven tion of Delegates from the counties of Columbia,' Northampton, Lehigh, Berks, Schnylkil & Carbon, favorable to the construction of a line of Railroad -to connect the Schuylkill and Lehigh coal regions with New York, was held at Allentown, on Tues day, the 3d inst. A series of resolutions were adopted, strongly urging the completion of the Delaware, Lehigh, Schuylkill, and Susquehanna Railroad, from Easton up the Valley of the Lehigh’ to intersect the Beaver Meadow Railroad at Perry* ville or Mauch Chunk—and from .the river Lehigh to the valley of the Little Schuylkill; and also the construction of a Railroad to connect with the Reading road at Hamburg, and the proposed Dela ware, Lehigh, Schuylkill and Susquehanna road, at Allentown. Mail Robbert.—The Postmaster at West Fow ler, Lawrence county, N. Y., Thomas Miller, has been arrested for robbing the mail. More Gold!—The steamer Empire City arrived at New York, from Chagres, on the 9th instant, bringing $3,000,000 in gold dust & 325 passengers. Gen. J. D. Miens has been elected Governor of South Carolina, by the Legislature* ot that State. TBS WGHTSCHOOXi* By an act passed at the; last session of the Legislature; ffwlamadetheduty of the Direct tors o! the CSmajob Schools in this city, to es tablish Night Scbobhij io. be open fit least six months in'each schoolyeair, lor the' efalf persons over the age of years, whose avocations^prevent them from at*., tettding the day schools. .The board oi directors having provided other , accoramodations for the High School of the male department, proceeded, during the past e autumn, to organize a Night School so that it tk® apartments vacated by the High School, with the desks and other fnrnitnre left therein. Those apartments consist of a large .halt or study mom, 'and two recitation rooms. The former is furnished with ranges of double desks separated by narrow aisles, each desk having two seats, and the whole number of seats amounting to 132. At the end of the hall, near the entrance, is an elevated platform on which are placed a table and desk for the use of the teachers. Towards this all the pu pils at their desks face. The recitation rooms are at the opposite end of the buildiug, and*are famished .with large tables in the middle, and with benches and chairs, cases for apparatus, blackboards, globes, maps, and various dia grams. The rooms ore all sufficiently heated, and are well lighted with gas. The scholars assemble at seven o’clock ; the roll is then called; absentees are noted, aud written excuses for former absence'received ; a chapter iu the Bible is read by the principal; those who are learning to write proceed with that exercise for a limited time; and all are set to work at their appropriate studies. The sev eral classes iu spelling, reading, geography, &c. &c., are successively seut by the principal into the recitation rooms, where he or some of the assistant teachers hear them recite, the other teachers, meanwhile moving from point to point in the large hall among the scholars who are cugaged at their desks, prompt to repress any teudency to disorder, to explain difficulties, and to direct and aid them in their various ex ercises. The instructors, consisting of & principal and four assistants, are in tho proportion of one tea cher to about 25 pupils. The school is dismiss ed at half past nine o’clock, ofteu with a brief address of admonition or euoouragement, as the occasion may require. The school was opened on the 22ad of Octo ber last, with 50 pupils in attendance. The av erage i ttendance at present considerably ex ceeds one hundred. The average age of the scholars is above 1G years. The branches of study pursued by the great majority are spell ing, reading, writing, and arithmetic. The Night School is visited/every evenin'", by some of the directors and other citizens wl?6 toke an interest in its prosperity; and a super intending committee of three members of the Board (one of whom is uppointed each month, and one, each month, retires) are charged with the duty of constaut supervision, and are gen erally iu atlendauce at the school. The following Report of the Committee for November, has been ordered by the Board to be published. HEPOET Of the Snperintending Committee of the Night School, of the eit \j of Lancaster, for the month of November lBso. The number of names entered on the General Catalogue is two hundred and thirty.four; which number embraces all who have, at any time from the beginning, presented themselves for admission as scholars. The average number attending was one hun dred and nineteen for the month just ended ; 16 of whom are spelling and -unable to read; 46 are reading in the Grammar School Reader; 28 in Swan’s Primary Render, part 2ud ; 22 in Swan’s District School Reader; 5 in Natural Philosophy: 10 are studying Geography; 1 Al gebra ; 10 English Grammar ; 3 Book-keeping ; 108 Arithmetic; and 126 perform exercises in writing. Some few of those who have had their names entered, may have changed their miuds, and might not have attended, had the accommoda tions been greater than they are; but muny of them were given to understand that owiu<* to . the lateness of their applications, they could be admitted to seats only wheu vacancies should occur by reason of the non-attendance of such as had previously .applied. There are 132 seats provided; and consequently about 100 appli cants are subjected to this contingency Ap prized of the usual full attendance, tbe,yha\e probably acted upon the supposition, that there was little chance for them, and have thus for the most part, absented themselves from the school; whereby 12 or 15 of the number, on' an aver age, have lost the opportunity, each night, of enjoying its advantages. One .hundred must necessarily have been excluded for want of room. It is to be regretted that a single indi vidual should be deprived of, what is uow cen ceded by all to be, a most benefical institution; and we entertain the hope, that the time is not far distant, when means will be afforded of en larging the accommodations of the Night School, so as to extend its benefits to all tho male youth of our city without exception, who are desi rous of receiving them, and may not have the opportunity of attending the Common Schools through the day. From the effects of this ex periment, in the short period since it was com menced, we are led to estimate its value very highly even in the aspect of a police establish ment. It is notorious, that in the most disgrace ful riots, which have disturbed our large cities and stained them indelibly with the blood of citizens, the outrages commenced with a rabble of half-grown boys—who were unfortunately • allowed by their parents and guardians to roam the streets after night-fall. Meeting together without any useful object to engage their atten tion, without experience or discretion to guide or control them, they too readily listen to the promptings of mischief, and follow the lead of the most vicious and wicked among them to the commission of crimes, the contemplation of which would, an hour before, have probably inspired them with horror. .Thus, want of tho’t and useful employment produces all the evil of predetermined and settled depravity. The slightest rumor of an affray or commotion, at tracts to the locality these disorderly pquads, whose presence soon ignites the combustible mass into a conflagration. Sensible of this, be nevolent individuals and associations, have es tablished in those cities libraries and lectures for various classes of youth, in order to attract them from the streets) by entertaining and use ful subjects of thought and study, and the means thus afforded of improving their minds. The means are excellent iu themselves aud very useful so far as they go, but unfortunately they do not reach thoseupon whom it is most desi rable to operate, with a view of preventing the disorders alluded to; for they who attend lec atteud lectures and resort to libraries, are such as have already considerable cultivation of miud, giving them the power and habit of re flection and rendering them unapt to be suddenly carried away by the suggestions of mischief and wickedness. It is those, on the contrary, who have, by reason of the criminal neglect of parents andjriends, or by misfortune, at least been left destitute of minds are steeped iu iguoraoce and hardly capable of distinguishing.between right and wrong, that furnish' the most dangerous instruments of street affrays aud notings iu our great cities. Such unfortunate youth,, conscious of their deficien cies, and naturally desirous nf improvement, do not yet perceive how Mai may-; be effected by lectures or libraries which they cannot under stand or use, though they can easily compre-' hendthe utility of a s -bool, which shall teach them to rerd and write, make calculations in arithmetic, and keep accounts. Provrded with places to which they may freely resort, and wb u-e they may learn these things, they will no longer be found idliug at corners and rioting in the streets. It is with feelings of pain and gratification that your committee, in passing tbroagh the Night School under tneir superintendance, have observed several lads, on the eve of manhood, just beginning to spell in one or two syllables, many others of like age, who are obliged to spell nearly all the words in trying to read, and many who are making their first attempts at writing. Their great diligence during the two and a half hours of school exercises is proof to sustain the foregoing remarks. 1 A laudable at tention to their studies on the partof the schol ars is characteristic of this school, hitherto, and furnishes the best augury of its future success. The order and propriety of behavionr in the school room, and the decent observance of the regulations for their government are quite sa tisfactory. But few cases have called for the mild discipline established for the preservation of order; and os yet no difficulty has been ex perienced by the principal and his assistant in structors in enforcing the rules.’ Not ouly has their behaviour in the school room been exem* plary ; bat there has been a marked improve ment iu the deportment of the scholars in re turning home. It was natural, after these lads had been closely engaged at their books and slates for two and a half hours, that ou being relieved from this unaccustomed confinement issuing from the school room at nearly 10 o’clock and passing in crowds through dark and nar row alleys, for half a square into the streets, they should give w too boisterous expression to the elasticity of their spirits. For the first few nights, the noise they made was somewhatstart liug ts the neighborhood ; but being reminded that this was not becoming, they have assumed a raifch quieter manner, and their conduct, in • this particular, is no lopger exceptionable. ‘ The exercises of the school, range from spell ing iu ode or two syllables tq? - algebra and ge omet^7^ r ’ffiere , w»retwo i ortJire‘jricliolntg 'who" had beenpupil» ofthe High School.that signi nedtheir io thehr lessons in Latin whictt\nhe£4iw’f3KSra learning there.— They were Sold tnat tfiey ~ should have the re auisite inatrn^tibn; bufHhejrhave not siuce in to proceed 1 with those studies. -jb£~ .instructors authorized by this v W»r<Lat the lastmeetinft have been appointed.. ” r * Miller,:and Mr. Edward M. Kaujfin&u, who were selected as the additional teachers, entered upon their duties iu thebe* ginning of the month of November. The progress of the scholars, os might have been anticipated from their diligence and docil ity, is encouraging. Th ; s is generally observ able-in Blithe classes and- exercises, and is equally creditable to the scholars and teachers. Ithaß been a work of some difficulty, and rc quiring time and carb .to arrange the* various scholars in proper classes. The matter has at length been accomplished; and the school is now organized, so as to give the greatest effic iency to the instruction administered. From the cohstiUUion of such a school, constant ac tivity and vigilance are demauded on the part of the instructors. Whilst two of these are cugaged with the recitations of the classes iu the apartments provided for that purpose, the rest are employed in passing along the aisles of the Study Hall, between the ranges of desks, over-looking, aiding, and encouraging the pur pils iu their various studies and exercises. By this meaus, the whole time is made available to the scholars, who are not obliged to wait for explanations of difficulties, that would embar rass and delay their progress. It will be prop erly iuferred from this statement, that the school presents a busy scene. It is, indeed, one of its most-pleaaing characteristics, that it affords constant occasion to all of somethin® to do, and that both instructors and scholars from the opeuiug to the close, are profitably engaged in their appropriate duties. Iu conclusion,' your committee take leav#to express their gra tification at the interest which is manifested in the progress and succesaof the Night School.— mauy of onr fellow citizens having visited itrnd acknowledged their pleasure and satisfaction— The continuation of these visits is desirable, as giving both countenance and encouragement to the institution. A. L. HA^ES, J GEO. SANDERSON, A. H. HOOD. Lancaster, Dec. 5, 1850. Ladies’ Fair will commence to-mor row, at the Mechanics’ Institute. ACT The new German Catholic Church, of this City, was dedicated on Sunday last. A sermon suitable to the occasion was preached by the Rev. Mr. Waldron, of Philadelphia. Democratic Review.— The December no. is embellished with an excellent likeness of the Hon. A. W. Buel, of Michigan, the talented member of Congress from the Detroit district. Among the able articles which grace its pages, is one relative t<S the late election in New York. * Oil Paintings.— Those of our subscribers who* may be desirous of obtaining a beautiful oil. Pain ting, handsomely framed, would do well to look at the advertisement of M. P. Simons, Daguerreoty pist, pf Philadelphia, in another column. Ir is not often that such an opportunity is afforded for ob taining a splendid picture. » Those who wish to purchase* watches, jewelry, 4*c., at fair prices, can always be suited by calling at Wm. Bailey’s establishment No. 216 Market street, a few doors above the Red Lion Hotel, Phil adelphia. Indian Queen Hotel.— This popular establish ment kept by A. M. Hopkins & Co., atNo. 15 south 4th street, between Chesnut and Market, is a first rate stopping place—and no mistake. will find it to be one of the beßt arranged Hotels in the City—and the price is very moderate. Pandemonium of Felons. —This is the title of* a thrilling history of an' extensive and powerful confederacy of marauders and murderers, which is now being published in the New York “Police Gazette a weekly paper published every Thurs day $2 per annum. See an advertisement in another column. Persons desirous of subscribing for the paper, would do well to commence with the number for Dec. 7, as that paper contains the four first chapters of the above-mentioned work. Back numbers of the paper will be furnished when desired. Jewelry establishment of Wm. Bailey, in Market street, a few doors above the Red Lion Hotel, Philadelphia, is the place for bargains. His assortment is complete, and purchasers need not fear of being deceived in thequality of his jewelry. Give him a call any how, as he will, charge you nothing for a sight of his splendid establishment. Peterson’s Magazine.— This handsome period ical for January is published. It is beautifully embellished with a fine mezzotint engraving of “ The Child at Prayer,” by Gross— the « Lily of the Valley,” by Walter— two elegantly colored Fashion Plates—a Flower Piece, engraved on steel —the “New Year” —“ Farm Yard in Winter”— four engraved “ Views of the Tower of London, and other embellishments. The reading matter is also excellent, being from the pens of Mr. Peterson, Mrs. Stephens, and other equally gifted authors. The Weekly Universe. —This is the title of one of the largest and handsomest literary papers we have ever seen. It is published every Saturday, in New York, by Williamson & Burns, No. 61, Ann Street, at the low rate of $1 per annum, in advance. Those of our friends who want a family paper of the kind, cannot do better than by subscribing for the Universe. CHRISTMAS is coming—the season of toys and fancy articles—and we cannot do better than advise our juvenile friends, as well as our lady readers, to call at Mrs. Fbaim’s Fancy and Toy store, in North Queen street, near the Railroad, where they'can suit themselves to aT. See advertisement. By reference to outadvertising columns, it will beseeh that Mr. James W. Quinn has taken the Shoe Establishment ofthe late James V. Corey, in Kramph’s Arcade, and that he iB prepared to do all kinds, of work, in his line, in a substantial manner and in the most fashionable stylo, as also at very cheap rates. Mr. Q. is a young beginner, and ought to be encouraged. His stock on "hand is very fine. GIFT BOOKS for the Holidays/ A large and splendid assortment at Judd & Murray’s Book Store. 1 The great variety and elegant style is al most beyond the power of description. And, as Christmas and New Year are almost at the door, we would invito our° friends, young and old, to give them a call and make their selections. What more appropriate gift can you.present to a friend, even were that friend a Lady fair, than a handsome and good book f y Kr Mr. Anderson, the gentleman who has lately come into our midst, for the purpose of teaching Grecian Landscape Painting, is about preparing a view of the new Presbyterian Church, for the pur pose of presenting it to the Fair to be held for the liquidation of the debt still upon the Church. • JET painting, representing the “ En- A°!?i! Mne ?* of painted by our townsman, Arthur Armstrong, is now on exhibition at the store of Wm. E. Heinitah, in E. King st. It is one of Mr, Armstrong’s best efforts. &T The Post Master General has established a new Post Office at Concord, Leacock township, this county, to be called “ Gordonville,” and appointed Hawthorn Freeland, Esq., Post Master. ™ Wc direct the attention of capitalists to an advertisement in another column, offering for sale a valuable mill property near Hagerstown, Md. &CT We have received from the author, Dr. Wm L. Atlee, Professor of (Medical Chemistry in the Pennsylvania Medical College, at Philadelphia, a copy of his introductory Address delivered at the opening of the session. We need scarcely add that 11ia a production such as might have been expect ed from the well knowu talents and distinguished position of the author.’ Awful Slauobter.—ln Louisville, Ky., a few days since, five slaughter houses killed .8,090 hogs in one day, and hung them up! Native American Wine.—ln New Richmond, on the north bank of the Ohio, twenty miles from Cincinnati, there are several vineyards, all covering about twenty-two acres, which produced the lust season 9,G00 gallons of wine, worth ■ $G,480. 'The cost of cultivation did not exceed $2,000. Reuben Dunbar is to be hanged at Albany, on the 3lst instant, for the murder of the boy, Stephen Lester. The evidence was purely circumstantial, and Dunbar continues to protest his innocence. We learn that the *U. S. Mint, in Philadelphia, is coining money very rapidly, having, during the month of November, coined over tour milions of dollars. The principal part of the coinage is gold. Governor Setmour, of Connecticut, is- danger - ously ill with the small pox. ET Reader, when you visit Boston, you wili.be well repaid by dropping in at Oar Hall. It de. serves the attention of all, and is one of the curiosi ties of the City of Notions. The business of this establishment moves on lik£ clock work, and im mense sales of goods are disposed of on the small profit system. By making large sales, Mr. Sim mons can afford to sell cheap. irr The Florida Legislature met on the 25th nit. The democrats have a two in joint ballot. A United Stales to be elected —Mr. Yulee’s term of service expiring on .the 4th of March next; also four Judges of the Supreme Court, a State Treasu9er and Comptroller,
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers