Ittelligencer 3ournal. E. W. HUTTER, EDITOR Lancaster, June 12, 1849. " Ruronet"- will 'appear in our nest 117- We are under obligations to GISH & Rao., for a handsome copy of "LYNCH'S Narrative of the U. S. Expedition to the River Jordan and' the Dead Sea," with numerous Maps and. illustrations. A book such as this is truly worth acknowledging, and we•shall take pleasure in furnishing extracts, that our readers may themselves judge of its merits. It is among the most valuable of modem works, and, treating as it does of places teeming with sa cred associations, should be found in the library of every professional gentleman and student. LITIZ.—We know of no more delightful Sum mer Retreat in Pennsylvania, than the Moravian town of Litiz, situated about eight miles north o' this city. Its healthy and salubrious location, its ..picturesque scenery, and the staid and orderly character of its citizens, render it altogether'a most attractive place. The Female Seminary and Boy's Academy, so ably conducted by Rey. E. Faz►nry and Mr. JOHN BECK, impart to it a degree of pecu liar interest. Among the recent improvements. the new Hotel, kept by Messrs. SHRODEW and Bann, deserves particular remembrance. This establish- Ment has been much enlarged and - thoroughly re fitted, so that the accommodations are now amply capacious to accommodate with .private• parlors and other comforts, a large number of visiters. A latter conducted establishment there is not in any country-town in the United States. An accommo dation coach leaves this city for Litiz daily, on the arrival of the Southern train, at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, over -a good turnpike road. Residents of the larger cities, desirous of enjoying the cheer ful country airiluring the approaching hot summer months, can sifect no better place of resort in the State than LITIZ. Let them come and try. IrrTHE Wats CONVENTION for the nomination of candidates to be supported by that party at the next October election, is to meet in this city, on Saturday, August 4, and already are the aspirants announcing themselves thtough the medium of their journals. As a nomination by that party in this county is equivalent to election, deep interest is al ways felt in the proceedings of the nominating body. We perceive by the call of. the Chairman of the Whig County Committee, that the viva voce system of voting is hereafter to be observed in all the County Conventions of that party. We trust the same system may also be adopted by future Demo antic conventions; and that in this respect, if in no other, we may learn a wholesome lesson from our political opponents. When men act in a represen tative capacity, or as the mere agents of others, their constituents have an unquestionable right to he informed of the manner in which they discharge the trust committed to them—which they have no power of ascertaining, unless they vote by the living voice. The system of voting by secret ballot, when men act, not for themselves, but for others, is vitally anti-Democratic and wrong, and fraught with the very worst evils to the party that practises or tolerates it. It has been wisely discontinued in most of the counties of Pennsylvania, and we trust the Democracy of Lancaster will not fail to imitate so excellent an example. A GOOD APPOINTMENT.—We are gratified to learn that the Canal Board have conferred on Lieut. Molise WELSH of Columbia, the post of local State Agent, at Dillerville, on the Columbia Railroad. Lieut. Welsh served with gallantry and distinction in the Mexican war, having been wounded at Buena Vista by a musket shot in the leg, the ball lodging in the flesh, from the effects of which he is still seriously disabled. Lieut. Welsh is an unflinching Democrat, and as modest as he is brave. We trust that higher honors may ,be in store for him. LIPpARD-lANA.—We have not allowed the political diatribe of this eccentric individual, ad dressed to President TAYLOR, to grace our columns —nor is it likely that we shall alter our mind here after. If the people , 13.Ve been bamboozled by friend, ZACHARY, we think it would be difficult to discover any body who contributed so much to the bamboozlement as Mr. LIPPAIILD himself. We ac quit him of intentional agency in the fraud, to be sure—but he must be soft as mush, not to have penetrated it. We strongly suspect, that a morbid thirst for notoriety has dictated the whole of these epistolary exercises—to which the press has inju diciously too freely ministered. UT COL DANIEL HERB Inspector of this county, and -.- So. GROVE, Brigadier General. The Columbia Spy says: "The election of Cot. HERR, was a compliment which he had richly earned. He was the: Inspector of this Brigade, under the provisions of4he old Militia Law, and was a prompt arid effiCient officer ; .and the volunteers have shown by their votes that they appreciate the services which he has rendered them, under the provisions of the new law. No better selection could have been made." ET Tea NORRISTOWN RSOISTSII, the ancient and well established organ of the Democracy of old Montgomery, has appealed in an entire new dress, and is otherwise so much improv , :d and en• larded, as to require almost a second look to recog• nice it. Sustained by the vigorous pen and die. criminating taste of its senior editor, Col. SAMOS/. D. PerrantioN, the Register cannot fail to occupy a commanding position among the Democratic journals of Pennsylvania. We wish the enterpris• ing publishers a degree of patronage commensurate with the taient, energy, and enterprise, which are so conspicuously displayed in their paper. p 7 If the author of the communication, sent to us.anonymously, in relation to Bishop DOANE, will favor us with a copy of the proceedings to which he refers, we will cheerfully publish them. We should prefer, however, in observance of a long es tablished rule, to be favored with our correspon dent's name. Meanwhile, we deem it due toour selves to explain, that the objectionable •paragraph found its way into our columns by inadvertence, in our absence, and from no desire to minister to the morbid appetite to which he refers. Cum,Eas::—We direct attention to the Procla mation of Mayor CARPENTER, making it the duty of the citizens of Lancaster to adopt the usual pre cautionary measures in view of the Cholera, which is now threatening us on the right hand and on the left. As an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure, we trust the salutary injunctions of the head of:the city authorities will be generally and strictly enforced. B:r WILLIAM H. SEW/RD, U. S. Senator trom New York, has published a biography of JOHN QUINCY AnAsts—which even the N. Y. Tribune is compelledsto pronounce "one-sided and defective." .:,y l Te should suspect as much, from the well`-known one-sidedness of the biographer. NEXT GOVERNOR.—A correspondent 'of the Hollidaysburg Standard urges Col. SAMUEL W. BLACK. of Pittsburgh, as the Democratic candidate for next Governor. The party might go further, and fare worse. Col. Black combines in his char acter. all the elements of a Soldier, Orator and pat riot. On the stump, he is eloquent and effective, beyond rivalry. PosT Ovrxes. CHAIIGES.-J. R. BARB, Esq. has been appointed Post Maitei- at Maytown, and ELIAS Roinza,Esq. at Strasburg, Lancaster county, in place of removed democrats. "3.00 E -TO THE SENATEr Oenenk i TAYLOR had not reached the Presidency emphati cally as a no-party candidate, and amidst a profn- Sion of professions against proscription such as in veigled thousands of honest Democrats into hie support, we would not have uttered a ,syllable of complaint, if he had filled every office from Maine to California with the most ultra of his adherentri. But, elected under the most solemn and oft-reitera. ted declarations, of neutrality between the two great political parties that have so long divided the public opinion of the country, his present open and shameless disregard of these professions furnishes a spectacle that cannot fail to bring deep dishonor upon his name, and subject him to the lasting re proaches of every well-balanced and well-thinking mind—for surely it will not be contended, that politics have become a game so degraded, that a man, however distinguished his past life, can delib erately violate his most sacred promises, with im punity. About the offices themselves, no reflecting man will care a straw, for to the public it is a matter of small concern, whether A or B receives the salary, provided the duties be honestly and properly discharged. But it is not so unimportant a matter, whether the highest officer in the nation pays a decent regard to the professions on which he was elected, or whether he deliberately violatesand disregards them. If an individual in private life, to attain particular ends, pledges his word to the observance of a certain line of conduct, and after wards from selfish and interested motives acts con; trary to his professions, he is set down by all who know him, as a—very unreliable kind of a gentle man! The same code of morals must apply, with additional emphasis, to men in high official stations; in as much as they are elevated so far above their fellows, that their example is reflected in the con duct of others—and hence it is both a trite and a true saying, that the character of Governors is ever an index to the character of the governed. For the shameless duplicity of President TAYLOR, or, if you please, his weakness in permitting the misconduct of his Cabinet—there should be a rem edy. There is a remedy, we would rather say, and let it be faithfully and fearlessly applied. The . Senate is decidedly Democratic, and it behooves that body to commend to the lips of certain office: holders the same poisoned chalice, from which' others have been made to quaff so deeply. This, not in a spirit of revenge, nor to exemplify the law of retaliation—but for the higher purpose of check ing and rebuking an administration, which treats its pledges as if they never had been made. A high responsibility, therefore, rests upon the Senate, and in common with many of our Democratic cotemporaries we trust it may be fearlessly dis charged. The times and -the occasion demand it. 117 Col. JOSEPH OTTINGER of Bedford has been appointed by Headsman Cozzemzia a Special Agent of the Post Office Department for the detec tion of mail depredators. About a dozen years ago we lived with the Colonel in the same Con gressional district, (be in Schuylkill, we in Lehigh,) and then there was no more active Democrat in all that region. Oh! how zealous, how eloquent. how overflowing, in depicting the horrors of Federalism! We would as soon have suspected that JOSEPH OTTrimER would voluntarily surrender the habit of eating and sleeping, as to surrender his besetting habit of Democracy. But—wonderful metamor phosis—he is a Whig, and, we are assured, is now quite as active on that side, as he formerly was on our's. Alas and alack! What Marvellous changes Time produces! Who'd have thought it? `Gss Liuurs.—By a notice in our advertising columns it will be seen, that the stock-holders of the Lancaster Gas Company are requested to con vene at the court-house, in this city, on Wednesday, 27th instant, to elect a President and Board of Managers. By the act of incorporation it was re quired that twenty-five thousand dollars be sub scribed, to entitle the company to a charter—these have been obtained and the charter granted. Since then, we learn, several thousand dollars have been subscribed, in addition to the previous subscriptions. The work is hence no longer problematical. It is sure to be commenced and finished, and wealthy capitalists in the county could not find a safer or more lucrative investment. COLUMBIA COUNTY.—The Democratic Del egate Convention of Columbia county was held at Bloomsburg, on the Bth instant—at which SAMUEL CALDWELL and ISAAC S. MUNROE were elected del egates to the Pittsburg Convention. The Columbia county papers say•that the delegates are favorable to the nomination of JOHN A. GAMBLE. FAYETTE CouNTL—The delegates to the Pitts burgh State Convention are: Dr. SMITH FULLED. and Col. C. B. S.NrbEn., instructed to support JOHN A. GAMBLE for Canal Commissioner. Twos CouaTr.—George W. Babb has been elected the delegate to the Pittsburg Convention, with instructions to support Col. GORDON F. MASON for Canal Commissioner. ea Brigade L MonsLs or LEHIGH COUNTY.--OH Monday week Judge Jones, in charging the Grand Jury of Lehigh county, said it was a subject worthy of remark, that for a period of nine months not a single crimi nal trial had been brought before the Court of Quar ter Sessions of that county. Such an instance rare ly occurs in a district containing thirty thousand inhabitants, and Lehigh may safely challenge her sister counties to produce a similar example of good behaviour for the same period.—Allenicnen Demo crat. We republish the above gratifying testimony in behalf of the exalted morality of the good people of our native county, with unaffected pleasure. It proves, what we have long known, that a more or derly, well disposed, and peace loving community; l there exists not in the State, But how could it well be otherwise, when there are not less, we be: lieve, than six different newspapers published at Allentown, (the county seat of Lehigh,) and all .of . them well conducted and well supported. With the combined agencies of the pulpit and the press, it would be a marvel, if the result were otherwise. Not a few of the officeholders removed by the present National administration have boasted of the nonchalance, with which they have submitted to their decapitation. But we have heard of none, who could beat the following: Mr. J. R. Bum, the Deamcratic„Postmaster at Springfield, (Illinois,) after his removal from office, continued to attach the "P.M" to the end of his signature. On being reminded by a friend that he was no longer an official, and accordingly had lost his claim to the title of Post .Master, he good humoredly explained his conduct, by remarking: "Oh, I do not continue this ancient usage, as Ponce did, to' indicate that I am Post Master—the letters now stand for Post Illortem." CONNECT/CUT—ELECTON or GovEnsion.—The Connecticut Legislature met on the 2nd inst. John C. Lewis, Free Soil Democrat, was chosen Speaker of the House at the second trial, had he not omitted to vote. He received 110 votes„ Lewis 108, and there were two blanks, one of which he himself deposited. Calvin W. Philleo, Free Soil Democrat, and Geo. G. Woodruff; Dem., were chosen Clerks of the House. Mr. Trumbull, Whig, was on the 3d inst., elected Governor by 12 majority. CHOLERA Paascuirriox.—We have n 2 b objections to publishing prescriptions if we are satisfied that they can do no harm. A Dr.<lllaney of Chicago, is said to have treated cholera in all its stages, with great success by the use of charcoal and sulphur, in doses of three parts of the former to one of the latter. The articles are safe enough in most cir cumstances, but it may he questioned if then• pm:: gative nature will not make them objectonable in cholera. BY - State and grandeur, however ..envied, are troublesome companions. Very Good! I . Death of Gell. Gaines. • . Death The telegraphic wires fromthe South convey the melancholy intelligence of the death of Major Gen eral :EIDMIIIi'D PENDLETON GAINES, of 'the United States Army, a venerable and gallant officer, whoa, name is associated with some of - the most - brilliant events recorded.in the military history of this cnuntry. Be died in New Orleants,-on the 6th instant, after an illness of ten days, of Cholera.— The .North American of Saturday furnishes the fol lowing brief synopsis of his public services : General GAINES was one of the oldest, as well as one of the most meritorious officers in the United Staten Army, which he entered in January 1799, as a ]Lieutenant of Infantry, and in which he served therefore, tomewhat more than half a century.— , Assigned, t the very outset of his career, to the severe andiperilous duties of the wild SOuth-West ern frontier,. Captain Gaines first distinguished himself by the arrest of AADON Boma, and, in con sequence, the entire defeat of all the ambitious plans by which the Union was threatened with dismemberment. The next theatre on which he displayed his gal lantry was at Chryster's Field, in 1513, where, as Colonel of the 25th Infantry, covering the retreat of thy American army to their boats, he repulsed sever-41 charges of a victorious British regiment-- the 82th- 7 and, finally, compelled it to retire. For his conduct in this battle, he was made a Brigadier General ; an honor soon followed op by the higher appointment of Brevet Major General, won by the glorious defence of Fort Erie, in August ; 1814. Twenty-two years afterwards, in February, 1836, he fought his last battle on the Withlacoochie, in Florida, with the Seminole Indians. General Gaines died in New Orleans on Wed nesday, the 6th, and,. it appears, like Gen. Worth, his old brother-in-arms of the Niagara frontier, he died of Cholera. Both of them passed through the perils of battle—of many battles, fierce and deadly —not, indeed, unharmed; for Gen. Gaines was wounded by a fragment of a bomb-shell at Fort Erie, and by an Indian bullet in Florida; to fall at length, full of years and honors, before the unseen and unallured shalt of the pestilence that walketh in darkness. Oftice Holding at Washington. Thep Federalists attempt to justify the proscrip tive course of the present administration, by insist ing that the Democrats have had the almost exclu• sive possession of the offices under the government, for the last twenty years, and that strict justice only would be done if nearly all the offices were given to the whigs for the last twenty years. In answer to this, the Washington Union republishes from the Extra Globe of May, 1841, a table:showing that at the commencement of Gen. Jackson's administra tion in 1829, there were in office at the seat of the national government, only forty-six democrats to two hundred and forty whigs. The democratic party continued in office for twelve consecutive years; and yet at Gen. Harrison's inauguration in 1841, there were still more federalists than demo crats holding office ill the departments at Wash ington! In 1829, on the advent of Gen. Jackson to pow er, there were in office in the several departments, 240 federalists, and only 56 democrats. In 1831, there were 185 federalists to 122 dem• ocrats. In 1841, there were 276 federalists to 224 dem Thus it appears that after twenty years uninter rupted democratic ascendency, there were, on the accession of the federal party in 1841, fifty-lien more federalists than democrats holding office at the seat of government—the 276 federalists receiv ing in the aggregate the sum of $331,328, and the 224 democrats the sum of $286,715. Excess of federal salaries, $44,613. Such was the state of things when the govern ment was turned over to the federal hands in 1841. This excess was enormously increased at the very outset of the Harrison dynasty. The Union pub lishes a further statement, showing that during the brief period of five months under Harrison's admin istration, more removals were made in the different classes of office enumerated below, than (luring the lull period of twelve years under democratic rule:— Removals of some of the higher dosses of offices. During 12 yrs. before During only 5 nos March 4, 1848. after March 4, '4l Bureau Officers in Depart- ments 7. Surve'ors Gen. of Public Lands Officets in Mints 1 Governors of Territory 1 Secretaries of Territory 2 District Attorneys 16 Marshals 20 Collectors 45 Surveyors of Customs 12 Naval Officers 7 Postmasters, since '33, 9 1000 salary 16 Anil yet in the face of facts like these the feder alists talk about equalizing the offices, and justify the proscriptive spirit of the present NO - PARTY ad ministration by the law of retaliation ! Foreign Appointments. It is stated upon authority which seems reliable, that the Cabinet have decided to make the follow ingc, d4slomatic appointments: t ton. Abbott Lawrence, of Mass., Minister to England. Hon Wm. C. Rives, of Va., Minister to France. F,x•Governor Graham, of N. C., Minister to Spain. Bailie Peyton, of La., Minister to Chili. Hon, Geo. P. Marsh, of Vt., Minister to Berlin or Constantinople. Col McClung, of Miss., Charge to New Grenada. Dr. Thos. M. Foote, of N. Y., Charge to Bogota or Venezuela. T. L. Crittenden, of Ky., Consul at Liverpool. Lorenzo Draper, of N, Y., Consul at Havre. Ex Gov. Kent of Me., Consul at Rio Janeiro. Tasiatro, whose appointment as the head of the Consul Bureau was announced a few days since, has not been appointed. C. F. Hoffman has recei ved an appointment. Elisha Whittlesey has entered upon the office of First Comptroller of the Treasury, in place of Mr. McCulloh. National Contribution. A writer in the National intelligencer proposes that it collection be taken up throughout the Union on the Fourth of July next in aid of the National Washington Monument Fund. He suggests that the money usually expended in feasting and drink ing, in honor of the National Anniversary, would be quite as patriotically and much more beneficially bestowed in aid of a fund for the erection of a monument. destined to commemorate the exalted virtues and glorious deeds of the man whom all nations delight to honor. The editors commend the suggestion and add: The details would be very simple: At the place of general assemblage in each community a collec tion would be taken just before the Oration. Such a collection being announced some days before the celebration, under direction of the proper committee. COTTON FACTORY AT Rueursm.—The Berks Cs. Press is unflagging in its endeavors to stimulate the capitalists of the city of Reading to invest their surplus cash in the erection of Cotton Factories. Amoug other good things, the Press has the fol lowing: "It is true that Lancaster has placed us in the rear in these great enterprises, yet Reading has only nursed her means and will soon awake from her torpor to make the giant efforts which a new existence after a long rest will give to her energies. We are proud of the manly be havior of good old Lancaster city—proud of her success, which her enterprise so richly deserves, and 'se stake nothing in saying that in a year or two, perhaps during the present summer, Reading wilt be in the field as a powerful rival for a market which offers an abundant harvest, inexhaustible in itself, for as much as both can produce." rig' The New York Mirror regrets that New York cannot have the benefit of a crevasse to carry off the filth of the city. More Golden News. The last Merair (Pa.) Press contains the follow ing admirable letter from Kticrzino Parrcarrra, Esq., Secretary of General Lea, Governor of Ore gon, in which implicit reliance may be placed.— Air. P. is a citizen of Pennsylvania: SAN.Fatscisco; 11. S. I reached here on the 28th February, after a Most unpleasant and fatiguing voyage, and leave here in the brig Valedor for Oreg,on—passage $125. The price of everything here is enormous—for every meal $l, }made the lodging. Mechanics are in demand at almost any price per diem; laborers receive ten dollars per diem. A good mechanic, a carpenter say, receives twenty-five dollars per day; a common pine table, worth two to four dollars with us, was shown to me as having cost seventy five dollars. How long this will last I cannot say; but as long as men can safely count upon digging sixteen dollars a day at least in the mines, with the chance of making much more, these prices will be maintained. Firearms, say common Ger man pistols, which cost at wholesale prices from $2 50 to $3 50, have been sold to-day for twenty five to thirty dollars a pair; coarse boots brought fifteen dollars per pair—coarse brogans six to eight dollars a pair; fine grained powder in canisters eight dollars a pound ; Colt's Revolvers will bring almost any price, and the common six barrel re volvers will bring from fifty to seventy fivedollars, according to their size. Common strong knives, without sheaths, brought tour dollars; Bowie knives that cost four dollars, brought twelve dollars. I mention these things to give you an idea hOw much gold there is here, and how little of those things deemed necessary. Coarse woollen clothing is also much in demand. There are, however, a large amount of commodities on the way, which must reduce prices to some extent. The price of pro perty in San Francisco is enormous; for a lot, about the middle of the town, 100 feet by 60, $60,000 was offered and refused. An effort is making to establish a provisional government in California, and delegates have been appointed to a convention. Unless the present Congress act, the people will unquestionably estab. lish a government similar to the late provisional government of Oregon. There are about forty vessels in the harbor kept here for want of seamen, all having deserted to the mines. I have seen many specimens of the gold, some as large• as a hen's egg, and, apparently per fectly pure. Every man's pockets seem full of money, and gambling and drinking is the general amusement. The rainy season is just over, and every body is preparing to go to the mines—it is early yet, however, the let of May being, it is said, early enough. There are, lam informed, three sources from which the gold is derived—lst. Washing the sand and earth in the bottom of the streams, where the gold dust is obtained ; 2d. On the high. er lands where it is found in-lumps; and 3d. In s rata of the rocks, (which crop out of the moun tains,) between which the gold is found as if it had been melted, and run between the strata. A small crow-liar tipped with steel and a very sharp knife are said to be amply sufficient to attain the latter kinds, and a shallow bqwl of wood the former. The expense and danger of coming here by sea will prevent persons of small means from coming —but without things change, no young man of good health, strength; energy and good habits, can fail in a short time to obtain a competency in the mines, notwithstanding the enormous expense of living. A couple of suits of strong coarse clothes, a couple of flannel shirti, strong long boots to pro tect the wearer from the water of the streams; a few pairs of good woollen stockings; a light rifle and good ammunition, is, I believe, all that is neces- sary to take to the mines, besides the tools for mining above mentioned,though many carry spades, picks, and apparatus for working. Lumber is enor mously high, $4OO to $5OO a thousand. I have written a desultory letter on a camp chest, in a tent--having found every house full of tenants, and being indebted to some excellent friends for shelter. I have exaggerated nothing, and of the mining districts, I have not told the half which I have heard, of what has been realized by individuals. Give to my very dear friends of Mercer. each and all, my best-regards, naming each for me, as I have no more room nor time. Ever yours, truly, K. PRITCRETTS Protective duty on Gold. The New York correspondent of the Union asks very ingeniously why the advocates of protective tariffs do not propose a duty on gold, to protect the miners of North Carolina and Georgia, as well as on iron, for the benefit of the miners of Pennsylva nia. He says : Of all the metals, iron is confessedly the most valuable and useful ; it is the instrument by which all industry is carried on. The plough of the far mer, the needle of the seamstress, and the saw of the carpenter, are all implements without which production would nearly cease; and the idea of taxing directly those articles which may be said to be the foundation of civilization 90 per cent. in the raw material is monstrous No one for a moment advocates a tax upon gold imported, although even the most ultra protectionists consider the increase of its supply as the great problem of commercial legislation. Now the gold mines of the Atlantic States have long struggled against free trade in gold, and the prolific mines of California have even threatened to reduce the relative value of the metal; yet, not to protect an interest_which is producing a metal supposed to be, in the eyes of a certain school of protectionists, the most desirable of com modities, have the most ultra advocates of home industry ventured to propose protection to that in terest. On what ground, then, should the imple ments by which all wealth is produced be taxed 90 per cent. It has been a bitter cause, of com plaint against the monopoly of the Almaden quick silver mines by the house of the Rothschilds, that the high price of that article, resulting from the Monopoly, has been the cause of a diminished pro duction of gold all over the world, because many mines were too pocr to work when extravagant rates were asked for a necessary- agent in the ex traction of the metal. A - tax on iron implements of industry operates precisely in the same manner to check the general production of wealth. There is no argument which applies to a tax on iron for the benefit of miners, which will not also apply with equal force to a tax on gold for the benefit of miners. Political Curloaf's& The Tiffin ✓ldverliter has done us a favor by hunting up the following resolutions. There are others of thole= sort "only more so," which we hope may be brought out. The first was offered by IiSNRT CLOT, in the Senate of the United States, on the 10th of March, 1834, and reads as follows : Resolved, That the Constitution of the United States does not vest in the President power to re move, at his pleasure, officers under the govern ment of the United States, whose offices have been established by law. Here is another offered in the Senate on the 26th of January, 1832, by a certain THOMAS EWING, at present one of Gen. TAYLOR'S Cabinet: Resolved, That the practice of removing public officers by the President, for any other purpose than that of securing a faithful execution of the laws, is hostile to the spirit of the Constitution; was never contemplated by its framers; is an ex tension of executive influence, prejudical to the public service, and dangerous to the liberties of the people, &c., &c. SPEAKER or COICGRESS.—That sterling Demo cratic sheet, the Columbia Democrat has the fol lowing: Gov. JA3iss MCDOWELL, of Virginia, is named in the last Lancaster Inielligencer, as a suitable person for the next Speaker of Congress. In this recommendation we most cordially concur, and should be glad to see the nomination ratified by the assembled representatives of the nation. The se lection would, in our opinion, not only be judicious and proper, but would also be a tribute to the glorious democracy of the "Old Dominion,"—the Parent of the "earlier" and later Presidents, for the noble reward she recently gave the old man of straw, who now holds ;an illegal lien upon the White House at Washington, for his deceptive at tempt to lure .the Democracy of Virginia by the appointment of a few democrats to office. The York Gazelle, whose senior editor for several years held an important post in the gift of the House of Representatives, at Washington, recom mends the Hon. HOWELL COBB of Georgia for the Speakership of that body. ltrThe Piltsburg Post contradicts the rumor, that the Cholera prevails in that city . —,so that the dele gates to the State Convention need entertain no apprehensions from visiting it at the time appointed Oe Maxmos !—Some of the New York papers are lamenting the injury to business, occasioned by the prevalence of the cholera in that city. Irr Governor Jonitirrorr has gone to Kittaning, Armstrong county, his former place of residence, on a visit of a few weeks. For Ma /nbiliguncor & Journal. _ Election of Judges by the People. NO• 111 I have said that I believed this amendment to the Constitution is directly opposed to the spirit of our political institutions, and that its:adoption as part of our fupdamental law would mar the beautiful harmony of our system, perhaps annihilate all the "checks and balances" which the framers of that instrument have devised and arranged with so much wisdom an: success. If I did not think so, I should certainly not feel called on to give a reason for my opposition to it. As a mere question of expediency, I might and most probably would cast my vote against it, when submitted to the people, but would rest satisfied with that, and acquiesce most dicer fully in the decision of the majority. But I am constrained to regard it in a different light, and am fully persuaded that simple, and democratic, and plain as it appears to be,- it contemplates, and if adopted will effect, an entire and total revolution of our present form of government, giving us not merely an amended Constitution, but a saw one, in all its leading and most important features as dif ferent from that under which we now live as it pos sibly can be. Let us look at it for a moment. The government of this Commonwealth, like that of the other states and of the U. States, is di- vided into three grand powers or branches—the Legislative, the Executive, and the Judicial. It has thus far been deemed a great political desidera tum to keep these three powers separate and inde pendent of each other—that thus distinct and inde pendent their action and reaction might serve to check all improper attempts to extend their powers and keep each branch in its proper orbit. The name of despotism is by universal consent applied to all governments in which these powers are united in one man, and should be applied to all governments which do not keep them separate. For these three branches, including as they do all political power, when united, do give to the person or persons in whom they centre unlimited sway, and consequently place the life and property of the in dividual subject or citizen completely and entirely under his or their control. If the power that makes the law, (or if you please that sways and governs the law-maker,) be by any constitution or form of government allowed to control in a similar way the branch that construes the law, as well as that which executes it, a strong, and energetic, and har monious government is the result—but it will be nevertheless a despotism of the worst kind, no mat ter by how many these combined powers are exer cised. This great truth being well known to our fathers, when our present form of government was framed, they ought most certainly to avail them. selves of its teachings. Our fathers knew that all civil power was in the people—that their will should be the law—and that this will could only be ascertained by elections —in which, (as men cannot be expected to think alike on all subjects,) there would be a majority on the one side and a minority on the other, If they had deemed it proper for the majority to rule in all things—to recognize no other power in govern. ment than this—they could have said, and they would have said, with the advocates of the proposed amendment—the Majority shall regulate and control directly every branch of government . 1 As I have said before, this would be the first idea of the rudest and most barbarous community—but an idea by far too common and imperfect to meet the approbation of statesmen, who had met to frame a government that would do, what all pre vious ones (civilized and savage) had failed to do, viz: secure to each individual, however poor and weak, the right of personal liberty—the right of personal security, and the right of private property —rights, by the way, that are older, and dearer, and holier, by far, than even the right of the ma jority to govern. They resolved, in the first place, to frame a Con stitution, not for the purpose of giving the majority the power to govern—for that was their right, be yond a doubt—but to limit the power of this ma jority--to say how far, and on what subjects, their will should be supreme—and where that will, sub. ject as it is to the higher law of God and Nature, should be arrested. They framed a " bill of rights," incorporated it into the new frame of government, and "to guard against the transgression of the high powers" which they had delegated by the Constitu tion, they SOLEMNLY DECLARED that "every thing in this bill of rights is excepted out of the general powers of government and shall forever remain ihviolate." They resolved that the Legislature' should be elected directly by the people, and represent, when assembled, the will of the majority because it was undeniably right that in every thing not affecting the natural unalienable private personal rights of the individual, their will should be supreme. In matters of policy, or questions of mere expediency, there is no higher power on earth. They resolved, too, that the Executive power should be elected directly by' the people, because it was highly proper that the laws which the people were willing to enact, should be sustained and en forced by the whole moral and if necessary the physical force of the majority. Two thirds of the whole power of civil government was thus placed directly in the hands of the people, a majority of whom were by this arrangement authorized to corn. pel the minority to implicit obedience—a privilege, by the way, which they are never loth to exercise. The third power of government remained to be disposed of—and this was placed, as far as possible, frum the direct influence of the governing power —the majority. In what other way could it have been so properly disposed of! It must exist some. where. By the very act of making a Constitution and a bill of rights, the existence of personal rights, worthy of constitutional protection, was admitted. Without some tribunal, or power in government, to which recourse could be had by any citizen com plaining of an invasion of these rights, it were a mockery to define them, and folly to attempt to secure them by a Constitution. Its existence was, therefore, indispensable. If the same power which was authorised to make the law and execute it, had also been been empowered to sit in judgment on those affected by it, is it not plain, that "consti tutional guards" and a "bill of rights" would be the veriest humbugs on the earls. And now, do these "reformers" not see, that the adoption of this amend. ment then would have completely destroyed the grand and beautiful system under which we now live, that the only conservative branch of government would have been annihilated, and our whole system have resolved itself into that worst form of tyranny a 'government of the majority, unshackled, un limited, and unrestrained! It cannot be said with truth, that the Judiciary would not have been swayed by the will of the majority, to the injury of the minority. The nature of poor fallen man and the history of the world prove but too clearly, that this result would have followed. The legislative power is completely under their control. They bend it as the storm the tree. The Executive is their's too, and through it their tone is given to the most important department of government. And can any one believe, that the Judiciary, composed as it is of mere men, would have been a whit more independent of the power that breathed into their nostrils the breath of offi cial life? Would it not be so even now? I fear it would. If the design of this change be not to bring the Judiciary more completely under popular control, why make it? It it be for this purpose, let me entreat those who advocate it to pause and ponder the matter well, before they so completely revolutionize our political system—before they strike out of existence this conservative restraining power in government. Let them be very sure that it has done more harm than good thus far—that the "checks and balances" of our system can be dispen sed with—and that all our personal, civil, and reli gious rights will be better secured to us than they now are. Let them remember, to adopt a familiar illustration, that the "broke," though occupying comparatively:An obscure and humble_ position, is as useful and indierLsable an engine as the swift and powerful locomotive, that drags its hundred cars triumphant' i n train. That, without this restraining and opposing power, we (to carry out the simile,) are liable to go "too fast"—are in great danger of "Tuna* off the trark." That our natural, tendency is towards. ultra Democracy, and away from constitutional and legal restraints, in all which there is great and imminent danger—that, instead of fostering and encouraging ultraism, in any form, it is the interest and the duty of every man, who values his natural personal rights, to resist and op pose it—that the happiness and safety of the minor. ity cannot be increased by throwing all power in the hands of the majority—nor that the people can be prosperous, who do not hold as sacred and pro tect with all their powers the personal private rights of every citizen—are propositions which I religious ly believe'and affirm.. The laws of nature should instruct us in this matter. Opposing forces are used by Deity to effect His grand designs—and the harmony, and regularity, and beauty, of our solar system, as we all know, is produced by the action of centripetal and Centrifugal forces. To dispenie with either, is to destroy all. So in government. To be ultra conservative, is to stagnate, to die. To be ultra Democratic, is to be rash, headlong, and des tructive. Let us profit by the lesson, and avoid both extremes. A Well-balanced government is the great problem of the age. Be assured, We shall not solve it, by bringing every branch of our polit ical system under the same controlling power.: Latest Remedy for Cholera. The Eastern States appear to be greatly excited, just now, about a new, philosophical remedy for the Cholera, that is said to cure with certainty a patient even in the very last stage of the dreadful disorder. • It is a pill composed of simply four parts ofsul phur and one part of charcoal! This is easily prepared, and easily taken, but the component parts being by no means spasmodic, set at all defiance more than a guess at: their curative mode of operation. Still it 'lever fails--so it is said. The philosophy of the disease and of this remedy is thus given. All epidemics, it is contended by a German chemist, and has been proved by experi ment here, are dependent upon the quantity of axone present in the atmosphere. Sulphur is a specific remedy in all cases of disease occasioned by the presence of ozone. We quote from the communication of a distinguished medical gentle man: In searching for facts to support this conclusion, it was found that cholera had never prevailed in the vicinity of sulphur springs, or in situations where this substance abounds; hence the conclu sion; that sulphur might be, and probably was the antidote for cholera. During the last few days, Drs. Bird, Blaney and myself have continued to use this apparently sim ple remedy to the exclusion of nearly all others in all cases with choleric symptoms. The result has been wonderful. All the premonitory symptonis, such as pain, a sense of fullness, unnatural move ments, slight diarrhcea, &c., have uniformly yielded at once to a single dose of three to four grains of sulphur. In cases where either cramps, diarrhea or vomit ing have been present, and in fact where all these symptoms have existed in conjunction, the use of sulphur, the above named doses every three or four, hours, has had the effect to ameliorate the patient's condition, at once, and when used in a few hours, to dissipate entirely all Choleric symptoms. So far as its efficacy has been tested in the worst collapse, most satisfactory results have been ob tained. In two or three cases of the kind the effect of the remedy has been to bring back pulse to the wrist, restore warmth to the surface, and stop the profuse diarrhea and vomiting. In truth, the re sults obtained so far, have been such as to convince all of us, who have administered its effects, that if any remedy deserves the appellation, this is the specific for cholera. The Hungarians Victorious. SURRENDER OF 36,000 RUSSIANS. Bosrox, June 7. The steamship Europa reached her dock last night. Her mails were sent South. A letter to M. Rothschild, dated Frankfort, May 17th, says that the Hungarians have totally defeated the Russians, and forced them to fall back upon Cracow. The Revolution will thus be transferred to Poland. A proclamation from Kossuth, says that the bat tle took place in the defile of Rothenthrum, and that 36,000 Russians surrendered! The Austrians are fortifying Vienna. Important from Montreal. MONTILEXL, June 6 The greatest excitement has prevailed through out the city for the past two days, in regard to the tone assumed by the English papers' relative to Canadian affairs. With the issue of the city papers this morning, containing full details, the excitement was increased. The party in favor of annexation call more loudly than ever, and the greatest indignation and disgust prevails amongst . the ultra loyalists. Ap pearances in the Lower Provinces seem to justify the supposition that no appeal to arms will be made just yet. The principal men of the Tory party •desire that the result of the mission of Sir Allan McNab should be known before ulterior measures are re sorted to. It is found, however, exceedingly diffi cult to calm the lower orders. The news will hurry on the National Convention. Were his excellency to appear in this city, so frightful are the,threats uttered against him, that it is feared he would be murdered. Should this feeling not subside, he may not be safe even at Monklands. It is in vain, however, to predict what an hour may bring forth. Important from the South. Ravages,/ the Cholera at Fort Gibson—Depredations of the Indians on thc Rio Grande—Col. Kinney killed—lndian Attack on Camargo—The Cholera among the California Emigrants, 4.c. Ncw 011LRANS, June 3, 1849. We have dates here to day from Fort Gibson to the 55th ult., which state that the cholera is raging in that region to a great extent. On the Walnut branch, Mr. Seckell has lost 15 of his negroes, and Mr Briscoe as many on an ; ad joining plantation, himself also being among the victims. In this case the disease proved fatal in three or four hours, it being the opinion of the phy sician that vitality was destroyed the moment he was attacked. Others in the same neighbcrhood have likewise lost a number of their slaves. We have lengthy accounts from Corpus Christi, of the depredations of the Indians between the Nue cess and Rio Grande. They entered the town of San Pad Legan on the 18th, stole a number of horses, and carried off large quantities of stock. In this affair Col. Kinney and another man were killed. A number of Mexican Indians crossed the river, entered the town of Camargo, killed several persons, and carried off a number of horses and cattle. Capt. Adams, of the U. S. Navy, had arrived at Galveston, and left for the Sabine pass. The cholera had broken out at Victoria, and car. tied off 3.1 members of the " New York Fremont California Association." Four cases had also oc curred in Washington county, on the Brazos, all proving fatal. Cholera Despatches. Criecrxrcezrr, June 8. Thirty-one new cases of the Cholera and four deaths have been reported at noon, to.day. Sr. Louis.—Two reports from six Cemeteries, on Wednesday, numbered twenty-five interments— eighteen of whom died of Cholera, and seven, other diseases. NEW Yous, June B.—The Board of Health, at noon, to-day, report twelve deaths by cholera. BALTIMORE, June B.—Two deaths by cholera have been uuauthentically reported to-day. SALIN, Mass, June 7.—A sailor recently dis charged from the razee Independence, died of chol era to-day. BOSTON, June B.—No cases of cholera have been reported to-day. The New Orleans Overflow. NSW On=Arm, June 2 The crevasse at-Tunis has been abandoned, as all attempts to stop it have proved fruitless. The water is• now rushing through the breach with tremendous force. Capt. Grant has abandoned the attempt to stop the crevasse at Sauve's plantation, expressing the opinion that it cannot he checked until the river falls. The water is now rising rapidly in the city. foreign News. ARRIVAL OF THE STEAMSHIP EUROPA. RECOOSIraOR OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC BY Roe SIA — EXCITEMERT IN THE FRENCH ASSEMBLY. ATTEMPT TO KIEL VICTORIA. Sr. Joax's N. B, June 6-11 A. M. The steamship Europa, Capt. Lot, reached Hali fax at noon on Tuesday. The Europa brings fifty-three passengers, but no specie. She will be due at Boston early on Thurs day morning.] The Cambiia reached Liverpool on the 21st ult. The French had uot, at last accounts, entered Rome. • Nothing important from Hungary. Canadian affairs have not been discutsed in Par liament. The Emperor of Austria has gone to meet the Czar of Russia, at Warsaw. Farther Matthew sailed in the Ashburton on the 26th ultimo. The war between the Danes and Prussians con tinued without any decisive result or prospect of an early issue. The Emperor of Russia has recognized the French Republic, and simultaneously issued a manifesto, arm unclog his determination to intefere in the Aus trian and Hungarian quarrel, in which he speaks of the mission- of his God-preserved - nation, and in The name of the Almighty Leader of Battles and Lord of Victories, commands his armies to move forward for the extinction of rebellion, and destruc-. tion of audacious and evil-intended men. ATROCIOUS ATTEMPT TO ASRASSINATE THE QUEEN. Losrnosr,MaylB, 1849.—Shortly after six o'clock, this evening, her Majesty and Prince Albert, while returning! in an open landua from Hyde Parke, down Constitution Hill, to Buckingham Palace,,a, laboring man, wesring a , white flannel jacket, and bearing all the appearances of a mechanic, levelled a pistol at the Queen from ivithin the railings of the Green Park, while the carriage was passing the curve of the hill, close to the triumphal arch. The Queen and the Prince did not appear much alarmed, and the carriage, by order of the Queen, proceded to the palace. Both were uninjured. The miscreant, who is an Irishman named John Hamilton, was immediately seized by one of the park keepers, and by a soldier who jumped over the rails. The pistol, it was believed, was loaded with ball. He was immediately taken to the King street station, where, at the thne our report left, the scoundrel was under examination. The greatest excite.nent prevails in the metro polis in consequence of the diabolical attempt. The man, who is about thirty or thirtytive years of age, appears to be a rational individual. In the Assembly, on the 18th, an order:was-Rau. ed to abolish the duty on portable liquors, which will prove a loss to the revenue of about 103,000- 0,00 of francs. On the 22d, the affairs of Italy being. under c. , ..sideration, M.' Sarrans said that with regard to the Russian intervention, every one knew th ambition of the Cabinet at St. Petersburg, as well as the spirit which guides it. This inter vention was a blow to European principles, and chiefly to those that at present regulate Prance. It is sufficient, in order to the Czar's intentions, to read his, , last Manifesto, which was a declaration of war against all democratic interests. If to that document were joined the declaration of the ling of Prussia to his army, no doubt could ano iianger entertained respecting a combination afstowecies atainst democracy. It is impossi• iffe littat the irruption from Russia of 170,000 men shoulitbe sly for the subduing of Hungary. Be sidt4 tins number, there was a reverse 01 180,000 men, nilliking a total of 315,000 men, who had been called to arms. Hungary was a mere pretext. A coalition of kings was again being framed, and he now want* to.know what would be the policy of the French government. The Minister of Foreign Affairs, in reply, said that wi♦fi regard to Italian affairs, the Assembly had manifested its will, and that on the morning of its having tone so, - an agent had been sent to Italy, bearing a detailed account of the deliberations, and orders to execute the wishes of the Assembly. He would not return to a discussion which had then been closed. With regard to Hungary, something had already been said ; ,at the Tribune he had already said that what took place in Hungary had excited the solicitude of Government, which had written. about it to St. Petersburg, London, Vienna and Berlin. It had been said that the time for negotiation was passed, but as for them, meaning government, they continued to negotiate. If. Guichaim follow ed the Minister, saying that France had evidently joined the coalition of Kings. M. Joly said that he preferred war to the humiliation of France, and with a view to test the sense of the Assembly upon the subject under consideration, he proposed the fol lowing order of the day: "The National Assembly considers the manifesto of the Emperor of Russia and th&treaties passed between him and the Kings of Prussia and Austria, as a blow to the principles of the French Constitu tion and the rights of nations, and contrary to the, resolution of the National Assembly, Atc.." After a speech from M. Maquin, Gen. Cavaignac ascended the tribune and moved an order du jour ?notice. •' The National Assembly calls the serious at tention of the Government to the events and move ments of troops taking place in Europe, and seeing in the state of affairs, dangers for liberty and the Republic, recommended the Government to take energetic measures necessary for their protection." Gen. Cavaignac said he thought this resolution would have the effect of engaging the Republic in a recognition which it could not accept yet, of showing that the Assembly felt what a serious matter to it were to the events now occurring in Europe. M. Joly objected to Gen. Cavaignac's. motion as not sufficiently strong, and declared to adhere to his own. M. Odillon Barrot said it was , necessary to reflect on a decision which would be a manifesto of war. M. Ledru Rollin followed, and urged the most stringent resolution of M. Joly. He consid ered the manifesto of the Emperor of Russia as a declaration of war against' the French Republic. When a question was placed on such grounds, the only answer to it was a counter manifesto--to say France would defend herself. It was the duty of the Assembly to pronounce itself in answer to the Emperor of Russia. M. Ledru Rollin then tu:ning to the party on the right, concluded by saying, I know well that you would wish not to reply—encouraging &decis ion you do riot assume. On yourselves rests a ter• rible responsibility. If you wish to prevent a civil war energetiCally and promptly answer this defiance. [Approbation on the left.) M. Odillon Barrot again ascended the Tribune to answer the Democratic leader, and after a speech of considerable length, concluded by calling for the simple order of the day. M. Ciemieux followed, and spoke in the midst of an uproar scarcely surpassed in the annals of the Assembly At the termination of his speech, the voting commenced upon the proposal to pass the simple order of the day, and at 7 o'clock, when the voting closed, the number tor the simple order of the day was 33; against it, 459—majority. DISCI:IS3 ' ION ON FOREIGN INTERVENTION On the 22d, a discussion on foreign intervention was resumed; at the conclusion of which, a vote of the Assembly was taken on the final proposition of Gen. Cavaignac, which resulted in the adoption of the order of the day. After some uninteresting local business, M. Fol con asked for the taking into instant consideration of the proposal for liberating the transported convicts, subsequent to 7th May, 1838. This request was refused. PLOT TO DESTROY THE REPUBLIC. • Cremieux called the attention of the Assertsr bly to an article published in the Democratique Pat cifique, by M. Considerant, in which he said a plot was in preparation by certain members of the government and some political men to destroy the Republic on a certain day, and called on that gen tleman to give some explanation of the subject. THE EXPLANATION OP THE PLOT M. Considerant replied that the details had been communicated to him by a person on whom he could rely, and he had considered it his duty to mention this subject to the President of the Council, and had by that means defeated the plot. SCENE IN THE ASSEMBLT A remark of M. Considerant aroused the anger of M. Pierre Buonaparte, who gave him the lie in the most unceremonious manner. The subject led to a warm discussion, in which Gen. Bedeau defen• eed the conduct of the army, saying that it would be always found ready to support the law and the constitution. EMBARKATION OF TROOPS FOR ITALY The shipment of troops for Civita Vecchia con tinued actively at Toulon and Marseilles General Rosthala ha's left Paris for Italy. A He is the fifth General officer sent there to join Gen. Oudinot. ROME,--,ATTEMPT OF THE FRENCH TO CROSS THE We have news from Rome to the 15th. (hi the 13th, the French having attempted the passage of the Tiber at Melvian Bridge, it was found that it had been blown up, in order to prevent them cross- ing—leaving the French forces on the two banks of the Tiber, between Polo and Rome. At the latest advicei, the vanguard of the French was four miles , from the city, and that 'of the N.
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