VOL. VII
THE PEOPLE'S JOURNAL.
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Original Vortrp.
Fv7m.ra
I dreamed—and I Thought that I sai!ed,
In a gallant bark, o'er the main;
The last point of land had been hailed,
Perhaps to be hailed not again.
As onward and onward we sped
Aflrr over the billows and spray,
The last lingering sunbeams all tied—
The last rays-of light died away.
And then on my couch of repose
I scarcely was settled to rest,
When storm-clouds above ns arose,
And lightnings flashed bright in the west
Below U 4 the rumbling surge,
And above us the thunder's deep roll,
Sounded hoare, like the elements' dirge
Breathed over the wreck'd sailor's soul
Then the bark, which so gallantly left
The sho'res, tilled with life_and with glee,
Of mast and of spars all bereft,
Soon floated, a wreck, on the sea.
With feelings 'of horrOr and awe,
I sunk to the mariner's grave:
Around me the white hones I saw
Of those who long slept 'neath the wave
And I wandered through palaces there
More grand than the dwellings of men,
All peopled by images fair, •
Not found in our mountain or glen.
And around me a forest there grew.
Of coral, and sea-weed, and pearl,
More brilliant by far to the view
Thin aught to be seen in our wiped
On the sea- , hells I gazed as - they lay,
And on floweri more bright than the sun;
When a voice I heard neaitne to say,
" Nov praise the lunnaeula:e One."
Then music the sweetest e'er henrd
-
it sounded those cave.; among;
They warbled the praise of their Lord—
His glory and praise they sung.
Then said I, ‘• Why should creatures like you,
Who rank not with chiblren of men,
Raise yonr voices to give the praise due
And. expccied by God but from them ?•'
" We praise him," said they, " as do all
That He in His wisdom lath made ;
31111 only hath known of a fill—
Man only of God is afraid.
Now, mortal, return unto earth,
And when with thy kindred again,
Forget not, 'mid sorrow or mirth,
The Go-1 of both creatures and men."
Then methought that through spray I was
borne,
And the ~.urfiee of Ocean did gain ;
,un had ju4: gilded the morn,
shedding daylight en bil:ow and plain.
I i oke—and tneChought I had learned
A lesson, ye naids, from you,
And I give to my tlavior the glory he'd earned
May I ever return him the praise tint is due
REBECCA WILLIAMS.
Bried, Pa.
GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE
The only attempt at an.argument in
fay.)r of the Dont;las fraud that we
h «•e seen is, that it secures to the
people of the Teiritories the right to
foln their own laws.
This false po,ition was so fully ex
landed by Col. Benton's great speech,
that it may be useless to recur to the
subject again, and yet as - this is the
only thing said in favor of the bill, we
think the friends of freedom should
show that there is nut a shadow of
truth in the assertion.
On the night of its final passage in
the Senate Mr. CHASE dissected the
bill so completely that no sophistry can
answer its argument. Here is an ex
truct from his closing speech :—EEs.
Jounial.
And, sir, for what ? What does
this bill give us in lieu of the prohi
bition of slavery in the territories ?
Why, sir, we are told that it gives the
principle of Congressional non-inter
vention. That is the great merit of
the bill, in the eyes of the distinguished
Senator from Michigan. But he tells
us, also, that in other respects, this
bill is in advance of former Territo
rial acts. Now, Sir, it so happens,
that all the more liberal provis
ions of this bill, which he approves,
originated With the opponents of the
repeal. As the bill come from the
Committee on Territories, it -was an
exact transcript of former acts. I be
lieve I was, myself, the first Senator
who directed attention to the fact, that
THE PEOPLE'S JOURNAL.
the Governors of these territories were
invested with an absolute veto power;
that all the acts of the Territorial Leg
islature were subject to the rrvision
of Congress ; and: that, therefore, the
bill, which professed to establish pop
ular sovereignty, subjected every act
of the People, through their Legisla
ture to the double veto of the appointee
of the President and of Congress, In
these respects, the bill has received
some amendment.
But, sir, the veto power, although,
abridged, still remains. The legisla
tive authority of the Territory is in
vested, not in a Legislature elected
by the People, but in the :Gov
ernor and Legislature. This bill in
vests the Governor with a -legislative
power, equal to that of one-third of
the members in each branch of the
Legislature. Rut vote or disapproval,
will.arrest the passage of any act which
cannot command the sanction of two
thirds of each branch, notwithstand
ing the veto. Add to this direct power
of the veto, the influence which the
patronage and station of the Gover
nor confers, and it is easily seen that.
few acts, objectionable to him, are
likely to receive the leglislative sane
ti on.
Then, sir, every act of the Legisla-.
ture has to pass the ordeal of the Judi
ciary, and must depend for its execu
tion, in part at least, not only upon
the Governor, but upon the Secretary,
the District Attorney, and the Marshal.
Now, sir, in this bill, the advocates of
which profess so much respect for,the
doctrine of self-government, one would
naturally expect to fine these officers
made elective by the people. But
does the bill in fact contain any such
provision ? Not at all. The Presi
dent is to appoint the Governor, who
is to exercise the veto 'power ; the
President is to appoint the Judges,
who determine the constitutionality
or unconstitutionality of all legislative
acts;. the President io 'appoint ths
Secretary, the District Attorney, and
the. Marshal, -who must necessarily'
exercise an important influence upon
the territorial destinies. Not only is
the President to appoint all these offi
cers, but he may remove them all, or
either of them, whenever he pleases..
The whole action of the Territorial
Government is thus completely sub
j ected to Executive control. The whole
achievement of the bill is to substitute
Presidential intervention for Congresi
onal intervention. if we are to have
either, I prefer that of Congress, to be
exercised by the representatives of the
States and of the People, rather than
that of the President, too likely, under
existing circumstances, to wield the
immense patronage of his office for
the extension and prepettiation of
Slavery.
The substitution of Presidential for
Congressional reeulation of the Ter
ritories will have - one result which de
serves attention. The question of
freedom or- slavery in the Tearitories,
in the absence of Congressionalpro
-hibition, must ye determined by the
results of Presidential elections.—
Henceforward, this great question
must enter. conspicuously into the con
flicts of party. If the people desire
to secure the Territories for freedom
they must haVe a President) who will
not hesitate to exercise his influence
on the side of freedom.. The present
Administration, indeed, will make the
first appointments; but the officers
thus appointed are removable at pleas
ure, and the People by changing the
President, can change also - the whole
character of the-official influence over
the Territories. The late distin
guished Senator from Massachusetts
once said, in substance, that the Con
stitution of States formed out of
.Ter
ritories were made at Vvrashing-tion.
I do not folly accept this statement.
But nobody can doubt that the powers
conferred on the President by this
bill will enable him to mould the Ter-.
ritorial institutions according to his
pleasure, unless he is met by the firm
and determined opposition of the
people themselves.
Sir, I am opposed to this Presiden
tial intervention. It is an abuse of
language to call a bill which author
izes it, a non-intervention bill. It is
absolutely the reverse. I, sir, who
am denounced for my determined re
sistance to the repealof the Missouri
prohibition—that simple guarantee of
inalienable rights--proposed an amend
ment which would have secured to
the people of. the Territories the ab
solute control of • their own affairs,
without Congressional or Presidential
intervention. That amendment pro
posed that the action of the President
in the organization Of the Territories
should be restricted to the simple
appointment of commissioners, who
should divide the territory into:conve-.
nient election precincts ; notify_ the
election of Governor, Judges, Secre
tary, and members of the Legislature,
to he held on a certain day ; receive
and count the votes and announce the
DEVOTED TO THE PRINCIPLES OF DEMOCRACY, AND THE DISSEMINATION OF MORALITY LITERATURE, AND NEWS
COUDERSPORT, POTTER COUNTY, PA.; JUNE 9, 184
result, and appoint a place and time
for the meeting of the Legislature,
and the organization of the Govern
ment. Ido not see how it is possible
that a simpler, plainer, or more certain
plan of giving effect to the doctrine of
selfgovernment in the Territories could
be devised. Ido not see how it was
possible for the professed friends of
that doctrine to vote against it, and it
was rejected and Presidential inter
vention was established: Under these
circumstances, regardng the bill as'
the violation of a sOlemn compact ; as
an abrogation of a great security for
personal freedOm and individual lib
erty ; as no bill of non-intervention,
but as a bill which substitutes for the
control of the people, through their
chosen representatives, the control of
the President, through his official pat
ronage, I can neeer give it the sanction
of my vote.
I stand here, Mr. President, an in
dependent Senator. The Senator from
Tennessee, [Mn. BELL,] in the course
of his remarks, referred to my posi
tion as a Democrat. If he intended to
identify me, or if he supposes that I
desire to identify myself; with that
party which styles itself the National
Democracy, and whose creed is ob
tained
• in the Baltimore platform of
1852, and whose Administration is now
urging the repeal of the Missouri pro
hibition, he is greatly mistaken.—
There are two parties in this country
which claim to be Democratic. One
is self-styled National democracy ; the
other is the Independent Democracy.
The creed of the former excepts the
institution of slavery from the appli
cation of Demodratic principles ; the
creed of the latter tolerates no excep
tions. The policy of the fornier is to
subordinate the rights and interests of
freemen and free labor to the demands
of the slave power"; the policy of the
latter is to establish freedom wherever
the General Government possesses con
.tttut;nn.i power to do so, and to
place its legitimate Influence on the
side of liberty, rather than on the
side of slavery. The • former seeks
the support of the extremest advocates
of slavery. as indispensable to its par
ty triumphs ; the latter seeks no sup
port, except from those, whether citi
zens of slate States or free_States,
who are willing to follow deMocratic
principles whithersoever they lead,
without-any exceptions in favor of op
pression. • The Independent Democ
racy, Mr. President, is stronger, as
yet, in principles than in numbers ;
and yet this party at the last Presiden
tial election numbered in its ranks a
a little more than one-twentieth of all
the voters in the United States. There
are but three Senators upon this floor
who are identified with this political!
organization—the Senator who has
just taken his seat from Connecticut,
[MR. GILLETE,] my friend from Massa
achusetts, [MR. SusiNEad and myself.
It so happens that our - number is a,
little less, in proportion to the whole
number of Senators, than that of the
Indepndent Democratic electors in
proportion to the whole _lumber of
American voters.
The doctrines which guide our
action in respect to this may . be
summed up in a few words. We in
sist upon the denationalization of
slavery, and the decentralization of
power. The.:National Government,
in our judgment, should cease all in
terference with Slavery. It should
uphold it nowhere. It should leg
islate for it nowhere. Only within the
slave States, and so far as the institu
tion is beyond the reach of the consti
tutional legislation of Congress, should
slavery be permitted to exist. With
in those States, slavery should be left
to control, regulating, amelioration or
abolition, by State law, according to
the direction of the People:
04A:i4:yerbety.s v ol(ci:ini
The influence of the long hummer
day in the Arctic regions has long
been described, but seldom with more
force and beauty than in the following
passages of Dr. Kane's description of
the American expedition to the Arctic
regions:
"The perpetual daylight had con
tinued up to the present moment with
unabated glare. The sun had reached
its north meridian latitude some days
before, but the eye was hardly aware
of the change. Midnight bad a soft
ened character, like the low summer's
sun at home, but there was •110 twi
light.
- "At first the novelty of this great
unvarying day made it pleasing. It
was curious to see the ' midnight Arc
tic sun set into sunrise,' and pleasant
to find that, whether you ate or slept,
or idled or toiled, the same daylight
was.always there. No irksome night
forced npon you its system of com
pulsory alternations. I could dine at
midnight, and sup at breakfast
,time,
and go to bed at noonday; and but for
an apparatus of coils and cogs; called
a watch, would have been no wiser
and no worse.
"My feeling was at first an extrava
gant sense of undefined relief, of some
vague restraint removed. I seemed
to have thrown off the slavery of.hours.
In fact, I could hardly realize its en
tirety. The astral lamps, standing,
dust covered, on our lockers—puzzled
me, as things obsolete and fanciful.
"This was instinctive, perhaps; lint
by-and-by came other feelings. The
perpetual light, garish- and unfluctu
ating, disturbed me. I became grad
ually aware of an unknown excitant,
stimulus, acting constantly like the
diminutive of a cup of coffee . .. My
sleep -was curtailed and irregular; my
meal hours trod upon each other's
heels; and but for stringent regula
tions of my own imposing, my routine
would have . been completely broken
up.
"My lot had been cast in the zone
of liriodenrons and sugar maples, in
the nearly midway latitude of -40 de
drees. I had been habituated to day
and night; and every portion of these
two great divisions had for me its pe
riods of peculiar association. Even
in the tropics, I had mourned the loss
of twilight, How much more did I
miss the soothing darkness, of which
-twilight should have been the precur
sor! I began to' feel, with more of
emotion than a man writing
-fur others
likes to 'confess to, how admirable :a
systematic law is the alterations of
day and
.night—words that type the
two great conditions of living nature,
action, and ,repose. To those who
with daily labor earn their daily bread,
how kindlylthe season of sleep. TO
the drone who, urged by the waning
daylight, hastens the deferred task,
how fortunate that his procrastination
has not a six-months' morrow! To
the brain-workers . among men, ,the
enthusiasts, who hear irksomely the
dark screen which: falls upon their day
dreams, how benignant the dear night
!messing, -wmcn -enforces reluctant
rest!"
<FiY i: ~ ~ ~ pa:
ONE Sabbath morning, the . pieces Of
money which had accumulated in a
rumseller's drawer the previous Satur
day evening, woke up one after an
other. The eagles on the quarters,
which had set all night with their
heads beneath their wings, looked
sharply about them, and after a vigo
rous flutter of their feathers, adjusted
themselves to . their regular Official
position. • The heads of the pennies
yawned,and winked:their eyes lazily;
and there was a general change of
posture. Tenpence, addressing an ad
jacent Copper, remarked that the air
of the place was bad, as it was filled
with fumes of tobacco• and brandy.
The Copper, glancing. rather scorn
fully at the recent date of its neigh
bor, replied that "he would get used
to that before he became much older;
so he need not hold his nose at it now."
This ;eply nettled the .Tenpence a
little, which muttered something about
pennies being sometimes made of brass.
The Penny, with increasing ill humor,
said- that "he was ten times as big as
Tenpence, if he did not pass for as
much; and that Silver had better hot
Inn on aristocratic airs there," and the
head of Liberty was, twitched in a
threatening Tanner. A benignant
Half-dollar interposed and made peace.
'Comrades,'. said the figure of lib-,
arty , spreading out her hand oratori
cally, "Comrades, we are here in a
new position. We meet without our
own agency ; we will soon be scattered.
Let us spend our time in improving
our minds, and by friendly converse
lighten, if possible, the gloom of this
horrible prison. I propose that each
in turn tell hoW he came to so.dismal
a place."
A universal jingling testified a cor
dial consent; and, shouts of "Half
-dollar, Half-dollar," with a clapping
from all that had hands, and a stamp
ing from all that had feet, called upon
the mover of the (plan) proposition,
to begin. Thus urged, the Half-dollar,
clearing its voice, began with silvery
voice:- -
" Friends, I am made of the best
Mexican silver, and haVe always
deemed myself a•little above standard
weight. I came ,hither thus: Yes
terday I was taken - out of a drawer
and cast upon the counter by 'a mer
chant tailor. A woman with a very
pale, troubled face, took me and car
ried me home in her hand, grasping
me very tightly, and sometimes look
ing
. at me with a sad smile. Being
laid down upon the table, I looked
around upon a little gloomy apartment,
cold, cheerless, and almost without
furniture. Four or five ragged child
fen gathered about me, and looked .at
.me with groat delight.; and I think I
heard them say something about sup
per, or bread, if I remember aright.
The woman, , without taking off her
bonnet, got a small basket, and was
apparently on the point of picking me
up, and going out again, when a red
faCed, brutish-looking man came in.
The children shrunk into the corner,
and stood in silence, clustered together.
The woman sighed heavily, and then,
recollecting herself, hurried to pick
me up. : The man saw her, and dart
ing at me, wrenched me away by force.
She wept, and entreated, and pointed
to ,the hungry children, who were now
crying, too, but he only shook his fist
and swore at her, as he went- out of
the room. He came straight to this
place. The landlord smiled as he
handed him a -bottle with one hand,
while with the other, he swept me into
-this drawer. Thits you have my story?'
The Tenpence was then called upon,
but politely declined for the present
in favor of his friend, the Penny.
"Pirtners of my fate," said the
Penny, hoarsely, "I was not always as
rusty as I now am. In fact, when I
was young, I was considered very
bright. : Yesterday a dead body was
found in the river.' It was a corpse of
a young felloW who bad fallen off the
dock when he was drunk. He had
lain in the water a long while, and the
flesh was almost gone from his bones.
At last an anchor hooked into the rags,
and dragged him. to the surface. At
the coroner's inquest, some of the
jurymen becaine very thirsty; and the
coppers found in the pockets, of which
I 'was one, were . sent here for a quart.
Thus I came among you. I trust that
the Tenpence will pardon •my ill hu
mor, in consequence of my misfor
tunes."
Here a three:cent:piece spoke up,
in .a thin, juvenile voice: "I am here
because . a dandy, . with hair on his
upper lip, paid me for a cigar." . So
saying, he dodged under a copper, and
was out of sight. in an instant. This
brief speech was received with ap
plause. • The figures on the half dimes
thumped lustily with their staves; and
the
an he o c l ap of
d-fashi l o ib n e e rty
dcf; in n d t
cheered. ls..Ong''
Here 's a bill ..rolled up in the
corner,": .shouted a quarter with a
very suspicious ring. "Bill," "Bill,"
"Speech," A' speech," resounded from
all sides;• amid a 'clapping of hands,
and stamping of feet., The figure of
Liberty on a waggish dime even went
so far as. to poke the unknown with
her staff: - At last, a Ten-doll4r note
slowly unrolled, an spoke thus - tarough
the portrait' of the president of the
bank:
! . "If you insist,.l will tell you how I
came here. . Yesterday a gentleman
' well known in thl community, came
into this room.: He looked around
;
cautiously, and n one present but the
landlord,' laid m down on the bar,
saying, in a low w iisper, "You know
'that I alai a candidate for office: take
this,- and whenever you see a mau of
the right:sort, do you give him a glass
or, i two forme; but be sure you speak
loW when you tell him at whose ex
pense he:is drinking.
"Pardon my vanity,"' said the note,
"when I say that I trust I shall never
be found here again." -
, "What !" growled the rusty copper,
" not it cent here honestly! If there
be : , one, let 'us hear from him. All
present were called upon in rotation,
but the same story in substance was
told.. One coin, - earned by a dutiful
daughter; to support a drunken father,
was seized by him, and spent for alco
hol. Another, had been stolen by a
petty thief and paid for "treats."
Most had come from the pockets of
men whose families were in sore need.
A committee was finally appointed to
draw up resolutions expressive of the
sense of the meeting: . but bofore they
reported„ the rattle of a key in the
lock reduced all to silence. The rum
seller was about setting out for church,
and came to get a little change to put
into the plate. His minister that morn
ing preached on the• Deluge. He in
ferred from his subject that cold water
was very destructive, and he there
fore took occasion to warn his con
gregation against fanatical prohibitory
laws, as equally opposed — to interest
and appetite, to say nothing of inspi
ration. The rumselleiexpanded with
joy under the sermon. He nodded a
great many times, and smiled tri,
umphantly at a temperance, man whose
eye he happened to catch. And when
the plate came round, he placed there
onwith a profound bow, the copper
which had lain a month on the bosom
of the dead, and then ho leaned back
and turned his eyes heavenwards, in a
state of perfect bliss.—/V: J. Reformer.
THE TIMMINS OF TEE "PECTIII43 IN
. ; STITUZION. - i; •
Not longg since we had the sentence
•of Mrs. :Douglas at Norfolk, Va., for
the crime' of teaching colored children
to read and write. The learned Judge
- held that a great number of the white
people in his diStrict as well as in
other'parts of the State, couldvneither
read not: write, and yet made good
citizens. And that laws existed in
all the States, prohibiting the educa
tion. of colored persons. That such
laws were necessary to protect the ex
isting "domestic" relations,and should
be enforced. He then sentenced Mrs:
Douglas to 30 days imprisonment, and
to pay a fine of 8100 and costs.
LIVING BEYOND 1317 R BERANI3.
For the sake-of appearance, to keep
up a display and make a figure in the
world, multitudes adopt the vicious
habit of spending more than they earn.
Pride and fashion exercise a merciless
despotism over their purses. The
rich in their abundance do not feel tin
burden ;" but when the same thing is
attempted by those in moderate and
humble circumstances, then "comes
the tug of war . " In order to ape the
attitudes of wealth, they exhaust all
their rescources, and even strain their
credit until it is perfectly threadbare.
There is much in the habits and
customs of society furnishing a strong
temptation to this course—yet it is a
serious evil. .It is not right as be
tween man and man ; is an extrava
gance that carries - in its train a pecu
niary injustice. He who lives beyond
his means, must supply the deficiency
front the pockets of his neighbors,
veroften upon the, strength of -a de
ceptive credit. His very display give.
him all appearance of affluence that
misguides the "judgement of other:,
He knowingly passes himself off fur
snore than he is worth, and what is
this but a species of fraud'
There is of course an end to thi,
habit somewhere; the commercial rep
utation of the individual - must finally
be swamped. by the number of
unpaid indebteduesseS; yet the xtliob•
process is one of dishonesty, I,,ven
before this catastrophe reveuls'it.
Christian ought to be guilty of it.
He not only disgraces himself thereby,
but also leopards the reputation of
religion among men.
It is, moreover, .a very uncomfort
able habit, He who. lives above hi. 4
means, generally owes more than he
can pay; and the farther he goes, the
worse he . makes his condition.. He
becames a stereotyped borrower; pay.
one debt by contracting another; ha
a great many debts to pay—little.
petty, annoying _bills scattered in all
directions, which ho does not know
how to• meet. They- are constantly
haunting him with their unpleasant
clamors ; they sacrifice his reputations
and give the community the just im
pression that he is a poor pay-master.
All this must be a- source - of great
annoyance and perplexity,. fin too
great to find an adequate compensa
tion in a little meaningless parade.
It would be far wiser, involve much
less friction of the nerves, to shine les.
and enjoy more.
The temptations of the habit are both nu
merous and dangerous. tempts a man to
sacrifice his sense of honor, to place a lighr
estimate upon his word, to be easy in prom-t—
-itan:, and very slow in fulfilling, His mond
principles become loose, and pass into tip.-
state of decay. His wants bribe him, and h.
is likely, ulder the plea of necessity, to
%%hat under other circumstances he would n.
think of doing. Sometimes he is led to coil .
tract debts, and then more away, leavtngthe:.;
unsettled and unpaid. Perhaps "he suns li.
credit in one place till he runs out; and the , .
does the same thing in another, till he final,.
rims himself out. •
He Is tempted to acts of meanness; not to Fa:.
dishonesty, such as dodging his creditors; and
making promises which he does not serious
expect to fulfil. His virtue is always taxed
qad sustained by his pride on the one hand,
and the inconvenience of his extravagance on
the other; and between the tivo, the path of
simple honesty is made very diffi
cult. Sins seldom go alone; one fonn or
generally leads to another; and hence
he whose proud heart' requires what his lac
conscience permits,is on the highway of temp
tation.. What he may be led to do in certain
crises made by his folly, he cannot tell. He
may be so severely chafed and pinched, as to
bi guilty of the crime of murder.
And then again, he who consumes all and
more titan all, for the purpose of display, has
not a penny for the office of charity; he can
give nothing to aid the poor, .to promote the
public good, or to disseminate the knowledge
of the gospet. He is always himself too poor
fur this works and quite likely soothes his
conscience and corrupts his heart with the
plea of his own poverty. He would be glad
to do something, but he cannot—he is so poor.
Very true; but let him inquire into the reason
of his poverty. He lives too fast; he spends
too much on himself and family ; he keeps tip
more parade than he can support; and this
is the chief reason why he is unable to con
tribute to the interests of charity and benevu
lence.
How much more commendable in the.
sight of earth_
- and Heaven is that man who
econumical and frugal that he may be liberal;
whO restrains his 'own 'passions from ezceasivr.
indulgence, that he may devote at least a por.
tion of his substance. to the cause of God and
the interests of philanthropy. His •is a rare
and valuable virtue, and when it shall be moo,
commou in tho church of Christ, it will
less difficult to find the means for sustain't..l
and enlarging all her institutions of lorr..—
Era ngrlist.
..
NO. 4.