VOL. VII THE PEOPLE'S JOURNAL. PCBLISIIED EVERY FRIDAY 3IORIONG, BY HASKELL & AVE Y. Terms—lnvariably In Advance: One copy per annum, $l.OO Village subscribers, 125 TERMS OF ADVERTISING. 1 square, of 12 lines or less, 1 insertion, $0.50 " " .1 " 3 insertions, 1.00 every subsequent' insertion, .25 Rule and figure work, per sq., 3 insertions, 2.00 Every subsequent insertion, .50 1 column, one year, 25.00 1 column, six months, 13.00 1 column, three months, 8.00 i column, one year, 13.00 i column, six months. • 7.011 4 column, three months, •4.00 i column one year. ' 7.00 i column, six mouths, 4.00 Professional Card+ not exceeding eight lines inserted for $5.00 per annum 'All letters on business, to secure at tention, should be addressed (post paid) to the Publishers. ' Original Vortrp. Fv7m.ra I dreamed—and I Thought that I sai!ed, In a gallant bark, o'er the main; The last point of land had been hailed, Perhaps to be hailed not again. As onward and onward we sped Aflrr over the billows and spray, The last lingering sunbeams all tied— The last rays-of light died away. And then on my couch of repose I scarcely was settled to rest, When storm-clouds above ns arose, And lightnings flashed bright in the west Below U 4 the rumbling surge, And above us the thunder's deep roll, Sounded hoare, like the elements' dirge Breathed over the wreck'd sailor's soul Then the bark, which so gallantly left The sho'res, tilled with life_and with glee, Of mast and of spars all bereft, Soon floated, a wreck, on the sea. With feelings 'of horrOr and awe, I sunk to the mariner's grave: Around me the white hones I saw Of those who long slept 'neath the wave And I wandered through palaces there More grand than the dwellings of men, All peopled by images fair, • Not found in our mountain or glen. And around me a forest there grew. Of coral, and sea-weed, and pearl, More brilliant by far to the view Thin aught to be seen in our wiped On the sea- , hells I gazed as - they lay, And on floweri more bright than the sun; When a voice I heard neaitne to say, " Nov praise the lunnaeula:e One." Then music the sweetest e'er henrd - it sounded those cave.; among; They warbled the praise of their Lord— His glory and praise they sung. Then said I, ‘• Why should creatures like you, Who rank not with chiblren of men, Raise yonr voices to give the praise due And. expccied by God but from them ?•' " We praise him," said they, " as do all That He in His wisdom lath made ; 31111 only hath known of a fill— Man only of God is afraid. Now, mortal, return unto earth, And when with thy kindred again, Forget not, 'mid sorrow or mirth, The Go-1 of both creatures and men." Then methought that through spray I was borne, And the ~.urfiee of Ocean did gain ; ,un had ju4: gilded the morn, shedding daylight en bil:ow and plain. I i oke—and tneChought I had learned A lesson, ye naids, from you, And I give to my tlavior the glory he'd earned May I ever return him the praise tint is due REBECCA WILLIAMS. Bried, Pa. GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE The only attempt at an.argument in fay.)r of the Dont;las fraud that we h «•e seen is, that it secures to the people of the Teiritories the right to foln their own laws. This false po,ition was so fully ex landed by Col. Benton's great speech, that it may be useless to recur to the subject again, and yet as - this is the only thing said in favor of the bill, we think the friends of freedom should show that there is nut a shadow of truth in the assertion. On the night of its final passage in the Senate Mr. CHASE dissected the bill so completely that no sophistry can answer its argument. Here is an ex truct from his closing speech :—EEs. Jounial. And, sir, for what ? What does this bill give us in lieu of the prohi bition of slavery in the territories ? Why, sir, we are told that it gives the principle of Congressional non-inter vention. That is the great merit of the bill, in the eyes of the distinguished Senator from Michigan. But he tells us, also, that in other respects, this bill is in advance of former Territo rial acts. Now, Sir, it so happens, that all the more liberal provis ions of this bill, which he approves, originated With the opponents of the repeal. As the bill come from the Committee on Territories, it -was an exact transcript of former acts. I be lieve I was, myself, the first Senator who directed attention to the fact, that THE PEOPLE'S JOURNAL. the Governors of these territories were invested with an absolute veto power; that all the acts of the Territorial Leg islature were subject to the rrvision of Congress ; and: that, therefore, the bill, which professed to establish pop ular sovereignty, subjected every act of the People, through their Legisla ture to the double veto of the appointee of the President and of Congress, In these respects, the bill has received some amendment. But, sir, the veto power, although, abridged, still remains. The legisla tive authority of the Territory is in vested, not in a Legislature elected by the People, but in the :Gov ernor and Legislature. This bill in vests the Governor with a -legislative power, equal to that of one-third of the members in each branch of the Legislature. Rut vote or disapproval, will.arrest the passage of any act which cannot command the sanction of two thirds of each branch, notwithstand ing the veto. Add to this direct power of the veto, the influence which the patronage and station of the Gover nor confers, and it is easily seen that. few acts, objectionable to him, are likely to receive the leglislative sane ti on. Then, sir, every act of the Legisla-. ture has to pass the ordeal of the Judi ciary, and must depend for its execu tion, in part at least, not only upon the Governor, but upon the Secretary, the District Attorney, and the Marshal. Now, sir, in this bill, the advocates of which profess so much respect for,the doctrine of self-government, one would naturally expect to fine these officers made elective by the people. But does the bill in fact contain any such provision ? Not at all. The Presi dent is to appoint the Governor, who is to exercise the veto 'power ; the President is to appoint the Judges, who determine the constitutionality or unconstitutionality of all legislative acts;. the President io 'appoint ths Secretary, the District Attorney, and the. Marshal, -who must necessarily' exercise an important influence upon the territorial destinies. Not only is the President to appoint all these offi cers, but he may remove them all, or either of them, whenever he pleases.. The whole action of the Territorial Government is thus completely sub j ected to Executive control. The whole achievement of the bill is to substitute Presidential intervention for Congresi onal intervention. if we are to have either, I prefer that of Congress, to be exercised by the representatives of the States and of the People, rather than that of the President, too likely, under existing circumstances, to wield the immense patronage of his office for the extension and prepettiation of Slavery. The substitution of Presidential for Congressional reeulation of the Ter ritories will have - one result which de serves attention. The question of freedom or- slavery in the Tearitories, in the absence of Congressionalpro -hibition, must ye determined by the results of Presidential elections.— Henceforward, this great question must enter. conspicuously into the con flicts of party. If the people desire to secure the Territories for freedom they must haVe a President) who will not hesitate to exercise his influence on the side of freedom.. The present Administration, indeed, will make the first appointments; but the officers thus appointed are removable at pleas ure, and the People by changing the President, can change also - the whole character of the-official influence over the Territories. The late distin guished Senator from Massachusetts once said, in substance, that the Con stitution of States formed out of .Ter ritories were made at Vvrashing-tion. I do not folly accept this statement. But nobody can doubt that the powers conferred on the President by this bill will enable him to mould the Ter-. ritorial institutions according to his pleasure, unless he is met by the firm and determined opposition of the people themselves. Sir, I am opposed to this Presiden tial intervention. It is an abuse of language to call a bill which author izes it, a non-intervention bill. It is absolutely the reverse. I, sir, who am denounced for my determined re sistance to the repealof the Missouri prohibition—that simple guarantee of inalienable rights--proposed an amend ment which would have secured to the people of. the Territories the ab solute control of • their own affairs, without Congressional or Presidential intervention. That amendment pro posed that the action of the President in the organization Of the Territories should be restricted to the simple appointment of commissioners, who should divide the territory into:conve-. nient election precincts ; notify_ the election of Governor, Judges, Secre tary, and members of the Legislature, to he held on a certain day ; receive and count the votes and announce the DEVOTED TO THE PRINCIPLES OF DEMOCRACY, AND THE DISSEMINATION OF MORALITY LITERATURE, AND NEWS COUDERSPORT, POTTER COUNTY, PA.; JUNE 9, 184 result, and appoint a place and time for the meeting of the Legislature, and the organization of the Govern ment. Ido not see how it is possible that a simpler, plainer, or more certain plan of giving effect to the doctrine of selfgovernment in the Territories could be devised. Ido not see how it was possible for the professed friends of that doctrine to vote against it, and it was rejected and Presidential inter vention was established: Under these circumstances, regardng the bill as' the violation of a sOlemn compact ; as an abrogation of a great security for personal freedOm and individual lib erty ; as no bill of non-intervention, but as a bill which substitutes for the control of the people, through their chosen representatives, the control of the President, through his official pat ronage, I can neeer give it the sanction of my vote. I stand here, Mr. President, an in dependent Senator. The Senator from Tennessee, [Mn. BELL,] in the course of his remarks, referred to my posi tion as a Democrat. If he intended to identify me, or if he supposes that I desire to identify myself; with that party which styles itself the National Democracy, and whose creed is ob tained • in the Baltimore platform of 1852, and whose Administration is now urging the repeal of the Missouri pro hibition, he is greatly mistaken.— There are two parties in this country which claim to be Democratic. One is self-styled National democracy ; the other is the Independent Democracy. The creed of the former excepts the institution of slavery from the appli cation of Demodratic principles ; the creed of the latter tolerates no excep tions. The policy of the fornier is to subordinate the rights and interests of freemen and free labor to the demands of the slave power"; the policy of the latter is to establish freedom wherever the General Government possesses con .tttut;nn.i power to do so, and to place its legitimate Influence on the side of liberty, rather than on the side of slavery. The • former seeks the support of the extremest advocates of slavery. as indispensable to its par ty triumphs ; the latter seeks no sup port, except from those, whether citi zens of slate States or free_States, who are willing to follow deMocratic principles whithersoever they lead, without-any exceptions in favor of op pression. • The Independent Democ racy, Mr. President, is stronger, as yet, in principles than in numbers ; and yet this party at the last Presiden tial election numbered in its ranks a a little more than one-twentieth of all the voters in the United States. There are but three Senators upon this floor who are identified with this political! organization—the Senator who has just taken his seat from Connecticut, [MR. GILLETE,] my friend from Massa achusetts, [MR. SusiNEad and myself. It so happens that our - number is a, little less, in proportion to the whole number of Senators, than that of the Indepndent Democratic electors in proportion to the whole _lumber of American voters. The doctrines which guide our action in respect to this may . be summed up in a few words. We in sist upon the denationalization of slavery, and the decentralization of power. The.:National Government, in our judgment, should cease all in terference with Slavery. It should uphold it nowhere. It should leg islate for it nowhere. Only within the slave States, and so far as the institu tion is beyond the reach of the consti tutional legislation of Congress, should slavery be permitted to exist. With in those States, slavery should be left to control, regulating, amelioration or abolition, by State law, according to the direction of the People: 04A:i4:yerbety.s v ol(ci:ini The influence of the long hummer day in the Arctic regions has long been described, but seldom with more force and beauty than in the following passages of Dr. Kane's description of the American expedition to the Arctic regions: "The perpetual daylight had con tinued up to the present moment with unabated glare. The sun had reached its north meridian latitude some days before, but the eye was hardly aware of the change. Midnight bad a soft ened character, like the low summer's sun at home, but there was •110 twi light. - "At first the novelty of this great unvarying day made it pleasing. It was curious to see the ' midnight Arc tic sun set into sunrise,' and pleasant to find that, whether you ate or slept, or idled or toiled, the same daylight was.always there. No irksome night forced npon you its system of com pulsory alternations. I could dine at midnight, and sup at breakfast ,time, and go to bed at noonday; and but for an apparatus of coils and cogs; called a watch, would have been no wiser and no worse. "My feeling was at first an extrava gant sense of undefined relief, of some vague restraint removed. I seemed to have thrown off the slavery of.hours. In fact, I could hardly realize its en tirety. The astral lamps, standing, dust covered, on our lockers—puzzled me, as things obsolete and fanciful. "This was instinctive, perhaps; lint by-and-by came other feelings. The perpetual light, garish- and unfluctu ating, disturbed me. I became grad ually aware of an unknown excitant, stimulus, acting constantly like the diminutive of a cup of coffee . .. My sleep -was curtailed and irregular; my meal hours trod upon each other's heels; and but for stringent regula tions of my own imposing, my routine would have . been completely broken up. "My lot had been cast in the zone of liriodenrons and sugar maples, in the nearly midway latitude of -40 de drees. I had been habituated to day and night; and every portion of these two great divisions had for me its pe riods of peculiar association. Even in the tropics, I had mourned the loss of twilight, How much more did I miss the soothing darkness, of which -twilight should have been the precur sor! I began to' feel, with more of emotion than a man writing -fur others likes to 'confess to, how admirable :a systematic law is the alterations of day and .night—words that type the two great conditions of living nature, action, and ,repose. To those who with daily labor earn their daily bread, how kindlylthe season of sleep. TO the drone who, urged by the waning daylight, hastens the deferred task, how fortunate that his procrastination has not a six-months' morrow! To the brain-workers . among men, ,the enthusiasts, who hear irksomely the dark screen which: falls upon their day dreams, how benignant the dear night !messing, -wmcn -enforces reluctant rest!" <FiY i: ~ ~ ~ pa: ONE Sabbath morning, the . pieces Of money which had accumulated in a rumseller's drawer the previous Satur day evening, woke up one after an other. The eagles on the quarters, which had set all night with their heads beneath their wings, looked sharply about them, and after a vigo rous flutter of their feathers, adjusted themselves to . their regular Official position. • The heads of the pennies yawned,and winked:their eyes lazily; and there was a general change of posture. Tenpence, addressing an ad jacent Copper, remarked that the air of the place was bad, as it was filled with fumes of tobacco• and brandy. The Copper, glancing. rather scorn fully at the recent date of its neigh bor, replied that "he would get used to that before he became much older; so he need not hold his nose at it now." This ;eply nettled the .Tenpence a little, which muttered something about pennies being sometimes made of brass. The Penny, with increasing ill humor, said- that "he was ten times as big as Tenpence, if he did not pass for as much; and that Silver had better hot Inn on aristocratic airs there," and the head of Liberty was, twitched in a threatening Tanner. A benignant Half-dollar interposed and made peace. 'Comrades,'. said the figure of lib-, arty , spreading out her hand oratori cally, "Comrades, we are here in a new position. We meet without our own agency ; we will soon be scattered. Let us spend our time in improving our minds, and by friendly converse lighten, if possible, the gloom of this horrible prison. I propose that each in turn tell hoW he came to so.dismal a place." A universal jingling testified a cor dial consent; and, shouts of "Half -dollar, Half-dollar," with a clapping from all that had hands, and a stamp ing from all that had feet, called upon the mover of the (plan) proposition, to begin. Thus urged, the Half-dollar, clearing its voice, began with silvery voice:- - " Friends, I am made of the best Mexican silver, and haVe always deemed myself a•little above standard weight. I came ,hither thus: Yes terday I was taken - out of a drawer and cast upon the counter by 'a mer chant tailor. A woman with a very pale, troubled face, took me and car ried me home in her hand, grasping me very tightly, and sometimes look ing . at me with a sad smile. Being laid down upon the table, I looked around upon a little gloomy apartment, cold, cheerless, and almost without furniture. Four or five ragged child fen gathered about me, and looked .at .me with groat delight.; and I think I heard them say something about sup per, or bread, if I remember aright. The woman, , without taking off her bonnet, got a small basket, and was apparently on the point of picking me up, and going out again, when a red faCed, brutish-looking man came in. The children shrunk into the corner, and stood in silence, clustered together. The woman sighed heavily, and then, recollecting herself, hurried to pick me up. : The man saw her, and dart ing at me, wrenched me away by force. She wept, and entreated, and pointed to ,the hungry children, who were now crying, too, but he only shook his fist and swore at her, as he went- out of the room. He came straight to this place. The landlord smiled as he handed him a -bottle with one hand, while with the other, he swept me into -this drawer. Thits you have my story?' The Tenpence was then called upon, but politely declined for the present in favor of his friend, the Penny. "Pirtners of my fate," said the Penny, hoarsely, "I was not always as rusty as I now am. In fact, when I was young, I was considered very bright. : Yesterday a dead body was found in the river.' It was a corpse of a young felloW who bad fallen off the dock when he was drunk. He had lain in the water a long while, and the flesh was almost gone from his bones. At last an anchor hooked into the rags, and dragged him. to the surface. At the coroner's inquest, some of the jurymen becaine very thirsty; and the coppers found in the pockets, of which I 'was one, were . sent here for a quart. Thus I came among you. I trust that the Tenpence will pardon •my ill hu mor, in consequence of my misfor tunes." Here a three:cent:piece spoke up, in .a thin, juvenile voice: "I am here because . a dandy, . with hair on his upper lip, paid me for a cigar." . So saying, he dodged under a copper, and was out of sight. in an instant. This brief speech was received with ap plause. • The figures on the half dimes thumped lustily with their staves; and the an he o c l ap of d-fashi l o ib n e e rty dcf; in n d t cheered. ls..Ong'' Here 's a bill ..rolled up in the corner,": .shouted a quarter with a very suspicious ring. "Bill," "Bill," "Speech," A' speech," resounded from all sides;• amid a 'clapping of hands, and stamping of feet., The figure of Liberty on a waggish dime even went so far as. to poke the unknown with her staff: - At last, a Ten-doll4r note slowly unrolled, an spoke thus - tarough the portrait' of the president of the bank: ! . "If you insist,.l will tell you how I came here. . Yesterday a gentleman ' well known in thl community, came into this room.: He looked around ; cautiously, and n one present but the landlord,' laid m down on the bar, saying, in a low w iisper, "You know 'that I alai a candidate for office: take this,- and whenever you see a mau of the right:sort, do you give him a glass or, i two forme; but be sure you speak loW when you tell him at whose ex pense he:is drinking. "Pardon my vanity,"' said the note, "when I say that I trust I shall never be found here again." - , "What !" growled the rusty copper, " not it cent here honestly! If there be : , one, let 'us hear from him. All present were called upon in rotation, but the same story in substance was told.. One coin, - earned by a dutiful daughter; to support a drunken father, was seized by him, and spent for alco hol. Another, had been stolen by a petty thief and paid for "treats." Most had come from the pockets of men whose families were in sore need. A committee was finally appointed to draw up resolutions expressive of the sense of the meeting: . but bofore they reported„ the rattle of a key in the lock reduced all to silence. The rum seller was about setting out for church, and came to get a little change to put into the plate. His minister that morn ing preached on the• Deluge. He in ferred from his subject that cold water was very destructive, and he there fore took occasion to warn his con gregation against fanatical prohibitory laws, as equally opposed — to interest and appetite, to say nothing of inspi ration. The rumselleiexpanded with joy under the sermon. He nodded a great many times, and smiled tri, umphantly at a temperance, man whose eye he happened to catch. And when the plate came round, he placed there onwith a profound bow, the copper which had lain a month on the bosom of the dead, and then ho leaned back and turned his eyes heavenwards, in a state of perfect bliss.—/V: J. Reformer. THE TIMMINS OF TEE "PECTIII43 IN . ; STITUZION. - i; • Not longg since we had the sentence •of Mrs. :Douglas at Norfolk, Va., for the crime' of teaching colored children to read and write. The learned Judge - held that a great number of the white people in his diStrict as well as in other'parts of the State, couldvneither read not: write, and yet made good citizens. And that laws existed in all the States, prohibiting the educa tion. of colored persons. That such laws were necessary to protect the ex isting "domestic" relations,and should be enforced. He then sentenced Mrs: Douglas to 30 days imprisonment, and to pay a fine of 8100 and costs. LIVING BEYOND 1317 R BERANI3. For the sake-of appearance, to keep up a display and make a figure in the world, multitudes adopt the vicious habit of spending more than they earn. Pride and fashion exercise a merciless despotism over their purses. The rich in their abundance do not feel tin burden ;" but when the same thing is attempted by those in moderate and humble circumstances, then "comes the tug of war . " In order to ape the attitudes of wealth, they exhaust all their rescources, and even strain their credit until it is perfectly threadbare. There is much in the habits and customs of society furnishing a strong temptation to this course—yet it is a serious evil. .It is not right as be tween man and man ; is an extrava gance that carries - in its train a pecu niary injustice. He who lives beyond his means, must supply the deficiency front the pockets of his neighbors, veroften upon the, strength of -a de ceptive credit. His very display give. him all appearance of affluence that misguides the "judgement of other:, He knowingly passes himself off fur snore than he is worth, and what is this but a species of fraud' There is of course an end to thi, habit somewhere; the commercial rep utation of the individual - must finally be swamped. by the number of unpaid indebteduesseS; yet the xtliob• process is one of dishonesty, I,,ven before this catastrophe reveuls'it. Christian ought to be guilty of it. He not only disgraces himself thereby, but also leopards the reputation of religion among men. It is, moreover, .a very uncomfort able habit, He who. lives above hi. 4 means, generally owes more than he can pay; and the farther he goes, the worse he . makes his condition.. He becames a stereotyped borrower; pay. one debt by contracting another; ha a great many debts to pay—little. petty, annoying _bills scattered in all directions, which ho does not know how to• meet. They- are constantly haunting him with their unpleasant clamors ; they sacrifice his reputations and give the community the just im pression that he is a poor pay-master. All this must be a- source - of great annoyance and perplexity,. fin too great to find an adequate compensa tion in a little meaningless parade. It would be far wiser, involve much less friction of the nerves, to shine les. and enjoy more. The temptations of the habit are both nu merous and dangerous. tempts a man to sacrifice his sense of honor, to place a lighr estimate upon his word, to be easy in prom-t— -itan:, and very slow in fulfilling, His mond principles become loose, and pass into tip.- state of decay. His wants bribe him, and h. is likely, ulder the plea of necessity, to %%hat under other circumstances he would n. think of doing. Sometimes he is led to coil . tract debts, and then more away, leavtngthe:.; unsettled and unpaid. Perhaps "he suns li. credit in one place till he runs out; and the , . does the same thing in another, till he final,. rims himself out. • He Is tempted to acts of meanness; not to Fa:. dishonesty, such as dodging his creditors; and making promises which he does not serious expect to fulfil. His virtue is always taxed qad sustained by his pride on the one hand, and the inconvenience of his extravagance on the other; and between the tivo, the path of simple honesty is made very diffi cult. Sins seldom go alone; one fonn or generally leads to another; and hence he whose proud heart' requires what his lac conscience permits,is on the highway of temp tation.. What he may be led to do in certain crises made by his folly, he cannot tell. He may be so severely chafed and pinched, as to bi guilty of the crime of murder. And then again, he who consumes all and more titan all, for the purpose of display, has not a penny for the office of charity; he can give nothing to aid the poor, .to promote the public good, or to disseminate the knowledge of the gospet. He is always himself too poor fur this works and quite likely soothes his conscience and corrupts his heart with the plea of his own poverty. He would be glad to do something, but he cannot—he is so poor. Very true; but let him inquire into the reason of his poverty. He lives too fast; he spends too much on himself and family ; he keeps tip more parade than he can support; and this is the chief reason why he is unable to con tribute to the interests of charity and benevu lence. How much more commendable in the. sight of earth_ - and Heaven is that man who econumical and frugal that he may be liberal; whO restrains his 'own 'passions from ezceasivr. indulgence, that he may devote at least a por. tion of his substance. to the cause of God and the interests of philanthropy. His •is a rare and valuable virtue, and when it shall be moo, commou in tho church of Christ, it will less difficult to find the means for sustain't..l and enlarging all her institutions of lorr..— Era ngrlist. .. NO. 4.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers