C •, , - ANtrx.L WRIGHT, Editor and Proprietor. VOLUME . XXXI, NUMBER 45.] PUBkISIIED EVERY SATURDAY MORNING Office in Carpet Hall, North-west corner of Pront and Locust streets. Terms of Subscription. ithe Copyperirintim if paidin advance, not paid within three iionthsfraro commencementofthe year, 200 donta za. csars - 5 , - Nog übscriptiOnrecelved tors, le<E. time than 6/X rianthe; and no paper will be di4continued until all Iterearage sure patd,ualcsbat the optionof the pub isher. irriWoneyattybe..emittedbymail hepublish- Cr s risk. Rates of Advertising. 'quay' ([6l ines]one week, it three weeks. eaciambsequentinsertion, 10 [lTines]onewerk. three weeks, 1 00 I eael.4ubsequeniinsertion. 25 LaTgendvertisementsin proportion Al iberalaiscountwi line made to quarterly,half earlyor.rearlytdvertiscrs,who are strietlyeonfined otheir business. DR. 'HOFFER, DENTIST. --OFFICE, Front Street 4th door from Lorutl. over '4ltylor, & McDonald's Hook store Calamie, Pa. frrEutrance, same a. Jolley's Pho tograph Gallery, [August :11, 1E1.5.3. THOMAS-WELSH, TIISTICE-OP THE PEACE, Columbia, Pa. et) OFFICE, in Wl,ipper's New Building, below Week's Hotel, Front street, e e Pr r a e mpt mammon. given to all business entrusted 29 November 28, 1E457. 11. M. NORTH, ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LAW Columbin.Pn. Collecuone romptly made,i 01..nneasterand Yorl Baunties. Columbbiriny 4,1880. J. W. FISHER, Attorney. and Counsellor at Law, 3F".ta. Colombia, Septesnber n , 1 'e:rtA.tt S. Atlee B ckius, D. D. S. 1111A.CTICES the Operntiv, Surgical and Meehan ieel Departments orDentistry: OFFICE LOCUSt st reet, between be Franklin Ileum and Peat Mice, Columbia ; Pa May 7.1859. • ' Harrison's Conmbian Ink. is a superior article, permanently blnek, .and not vorroiling the pen, eon he hod in and siantity. at the Family MetlieMe Store, and blacker ret is Vint English Boot Polish. Columbia. iliac 9. 1559 e' ave net • eceive• TITh. CUTTER'S Improved Chest Expanding if Suspender ind'Shoulder Braces for Gentlemen, and Patent Skirt Supporter and Brace for Ladies, last the article that is wanted at this lime. Come and see them at Family Medicine Store, Odd Fellows' [Apr119.18.59 Prof. Gardner's Soap UTE have the New England Soap for thoce who d, rr not obtain it from the Soap Man; it in pleaenni 'to the skin, and ?MU take grease VOtt from NVoolen lloodl, it is therefore no liumimp„ for you get the worth of your money at the Family Medicine Store. Columbia, June 11,1659. .n.RAIIAN, or, Bond's Boston Crackers, for ILA Dyspeptics, and Arrow Root Crackers, for:in valids and rhildien—new articles in Columbia, at the Family Medicine Store, April 16, SPILDIRPS PREPARED CLUE.--The want of suck an a:IMM is felt tit every family, and now It can be supplied; for mending fuiniturc, china wure;ornumentul work, toys. Sre., there is nothing superior. We have found it useful in repairing many articles which huve been useless for months. You Jamkein it at the sla.oanio. }MILT MEDICINE STORE. IRON AND STEEL! VIIE Subscribers have received u New and Large I. Stock of 01l kinds and sizes of BAR IRON AND STEEL! They are constantly alipplied with .stoelr in this branch of his business. and call ruttish it to customers in large or small quantities, at the lowest rates J Rum Pr.F: & SON, Locust street below Second, Columbia, Pa. April 2d, 18611. RITTEIt'S Compound Syrup of Ile and Wild Cherry, for Cough., Cold., he. Kr 4,11 e a 'he Golden Atoriar Drugeitore, Front st. ( July 2 AYER'S Compound Coneentrated Extract 1-IL Sarsaparilla for the cure of Scrofala King's Kvil. and all scrofulous affections, a (real, at....ilejult received and for sale by R. WILLIAMS, Front st , Columbia, 5ept.24,1959, FOR SALE. 2n A GROSS Friction :lintel:es, very low for rnlh. 1.1 Jnne WILLIAAIS Dutch Herring! ANY one fond of a good Herring ton be euppiied al S. F. EBERLE] VS N0v.19, 1859, ' Grocery Store, No. 71 Locum et__ LYON'S PURE 01110 CATAWBA BRANDY and PURE; NVINES. pccially (or Med:eines nd Sacramental purpowt, at the PAM LV AIEDMINESTORE. NICE RAISINS for S' ets. per pound, are to bo bud only at EBERLEIN'S Grocery Store, March 10, 1060. No. 71 Locu-4 street. QdRDEN SEEDS.—Fresh Garden Seeds, war ranted puro, or till klndoi,Jum received at EIIERLILIA'S Grocery Store, Morel 10.1560. No 71 I,ostm 'tweet. POCK ET BOOKS AND PURSES. A LARGE lot of Fine and Common Pocket Book's Al and Purses, at from El cents in two dollar+ each. Hr idquarters and News Depot. Columbia, April 14.1 -O. A_ HEW more of those beautiful Prints Mitt which will be mold cheap, at SAY OR & iIIeDONALD'S Columbia. Pa. April 11 Just Received and For Sale. ISOOSACKS Ground Alum Salt, in large or mnali quanuttes, nt A PPOLD'S 'Warehouse . Canal Davin. Mays; 60 COLD CREAM OF - G LYCERIN E .-.For the me and prevention In chapped Londe, &e. For role :at the GOLDEN MORTAR DRUG STorti:, Dee 3,1.859. Front t4reeLColunitiia. Turkish Prunes! FOR a first rate article of Prunes you mta.t go to S. V. EBERLEIN , S 50v.19, 19.59. Grocery Store, No 71 Locust st GOLD PENS, GOLD PENS. -rust.receiveda large and fine ntatortment of Gold Penn. of Newton nod Brievroldta manufacture. at SA VLOR & fitcDON A I.D'S Book Store. -agrlt 14. Front ' , nett, above Locust. FRESH GROCERIES. 'I'VE continue io Pell the Ile.t“Levy" Syrup, White , _ and Sugara,good Coffees and choirs Teas. "° b e ad .0 Columl,a at the New Corner Store. of..- eposite Od t Fellowsand at the old -land nejoin ang the t e k . . 11. C. FONDEILtiMITO. Segars, Tobacco, gcc. A ' Lang first-rate Segars. Tobacco and Snuff will be fatted at the store of the cub, , criber. Ile keep: "MU a.firet rate article. Galt EBERLFAN'S Grocery Store. Loren st., Colombia, Pa. Oct 6,111 CRANBERRIES, Mr crop Prones,-.New Citronont 11 Oct. 20, VA3O. d. DT. RAMTICPS, SARDINES, Worrerter•bire Sauce, Refined Cocoa. &./... jest re 1r rowed and for eale by S. F. EBR LEIN. Oct. IA tom. No. No. 71 Locus St. • CRANBERRIES. TUT arrayed a fra4 lot nd . Cranberries an I Nes. ay Currant...an No. 71 Lor..u..t Clet 21. MO. S. 1% 1;01:121.1:114. griutiong. The Pennsylvania War Bill The following is a copy of the War Bill passed at the recent extra Session of the Legislature, which provides for the arming of the State. As it is of deep interest to all the military of the State we publish it in full. P] 50 An Act to create a loan, and to provide for arming the State. SEC. 1. Be it enacted, &c., That the Gov ernor and the State Treasurer be, and they are hereby authorized and empowered to borrow on the faith of the Commonwealth, at such time, in such amounts, and with such notice as they may deem most expedient for the interest of the State, any sum not ex ceeding three millions of dollars, and itiin certificates of loan or bond of the Common wealth fur the same, bearing six.per can tum interest per annum, payable semi-an nually in the city of Philadelphia, which certificates of loan or bonds shall not be sub ject to taxation for any purpose whatever, and shall be reimbursable at any time after the expiration of ten years front their date, and the sum so burrowed, or so much there of us may he necessary shall be, and the same is hereby appropriated to defray the expense of organizing, arming, equipping, transporting, and supporting the military forces of this State now or hereafter to be called into service in aid of the government of this State or of the United States, and to enforce the laws thereof and all incidental expenses connected therewith. Provided, That no certificate of loan or bond shall be issued for a less sum than twenty-five dol lars. Provided further, That all certificates issued of the denomination of one hundred dollars or less shall be coupon bonds. Pro vided further, That no certificate shall be negotiated for less than its par value, the said certificate of loan to import on the faces thereof the purposes for which the same were issued, and to be transterrablo on the books of the Commonwealth at the Farmers and Mechanics' Bank in the city of Philadel phia. Sec. 2. That the bonds or certificates of loan issued under the provisions of this act, shall be signed by the Governor and coun tersigned by the State Treasurer and Audi. tor General and a correct and accurate reg istry of the same shall be kept in a book to be proviled for that purpose in the office of the Auditor General, who shall make acme , al report thereof to the Legislature; and.the Governor is hereby authorized to draw his warrants on the State Treasurer for such sums as may be necessary to pay the proper expenses incident to the negotiation of such loan, the preparation of the bonds or certifi cates of loan authorized to be issued by this act, and said warrants shall be paid out of any moneys in the treasury. Sec. 3. That the Governor be and he is hereby authorized, by and with the advice and c..nsent of the Senate, to appoint a com petent person of military education, experi ence and skill, to have command of all mili tary forces of Pennsylvania• to be raised un der the provisions of this bill, with the rank of major general, who, while in actual ser vice, shall be entitled to the pay and emolu ments of a major general in the army of the United States; and ho shall also have au thority in manner as aforesaid, to appoint two persons of like military education, expe rience and skill, to be brigadier generals, who, while in actual service, shall be enti tled to the pay and emoluments of officers of the same rank in the army 'of the United States. 13E1 Sec: 4. Whenever the militia of this corn ,monwealth shall be called into service by the requisition of the President of the United States or the proclamation of the Governor, it shall be the duty of the Adjutant General to notify in writing the Quartermaster Gen eral. and Commissary General of the point or points where the men are to rendezvous, with the number as near as may be; and said officers shall forthwith advertise for proposals for supplying to the Common !'wealth each supplies as may . be necessary for furnishing the troops with rations and all other stores named in and provided by the laws or regulations of the United States, said proposals to be directed to the said Quartermaster and Commissary Generals re spectively, and to be opened after five days' notice, and the contracts to be awarded to the lowest bidder by the proper officer inviting said proposals, and adequate security to be taken for the faithful performance of the contract before the same is awarded; and of ficers shall publish and keep on file in their several departments, fur public inspection, a list of all the proposals offered, including those rejected as well as those awarded.— And before the acceptance of any provisions or other military stores, of any kind whatso ever, purchased upon contract, as herein before provided, it shall be the duty of the Quartermaster General or Commissary Gen ' eral, as the case may be, in connection with the Auditor General and State Treasurer to appoint from time to time, as required, one or more disinterested and competent inspec tors, familiar with the value and quality of provisions or military stores so contracted, whose duty it shall be. to examine,. accept, or reject the same, and, if accepted, to give a certificate therefor to the contractor or ven dor; and no bill rendered for any each pro visions or stores shall be paid until so certi fied and approved. The inspectors so ap pointed shalt each receive five-dollars per day fur every day necessarily employed in "NO ENTERTAIN:SIENT IS SO CHEAP AS READING, NOR ANY PLEASURE SO LASTING." COLUMBIA, PENNSYLVANIA, SATURDAY MORNING, JUNE 8, 1861. the discharge of their duties, and shall sever ally be sworn or affirmed to discharge their • duties with fidelity. Sec. 5 The chief of each staff depart meat shall, under the directions of the Gov ernor, have command over all subordinate officers in his department, and shall, from time to time, issue orders and instructions • for their government and practice. Sze. 6. The Governor is hereby author ized and empowered to organize at his dis cretion the various staff departments, and to prescribe by rules and regulations the duties to be performed by the officers connected therewith, which shall as far as may be conform to those which are prescribed for the government of the department staff in the army of the United States. Provided, That each chief of such department shall prepare and transmit at the expense of this State all blank forms of returns, precepts, warrants, and proceedings necessary in his department. Sec. 7. The Government is hereby au thorized to appoint such staff officers as he may deem necessary for the efficiency of the service, who shall receive when on active duty the same pay and allowance as officers of the like grade in tho employment of the United States; and he is also authorized and empowered to confer brevet rank on each officers of the Pennsylvania troops as shall distinguish themselves by gallant ac tions and meritorious conduct; and he shall have authority to promote and appoint such• non-commissioned officers and private to the rank of second lieutenant as shall to reported the Governor by a hoard composed of three officers highest in rank of the command to which they may be attached at the time as having, distinguished themselves, said offi cers then to be attached to the several regi ments to supply such vacancies as may oc eur.by casualties or otherwise. Sec. 8. That there shall be a hospital de partinent, which shall be supervised by the Surgeon General, who shall be n member of the grand staff, with the rank of Colonel; and•to each division, when in actual service, there shall be a hospital surgen, with the rank .of Major; and to each brigade, when in actual service, n hospital surgeon with the rank ofCaptain. Said officers to be ap pointed by the Governor, and, except the Surgeon General, to be first examined and recommended for appointment by the Sur geon General and n board of such other sur geons, not exceeding three, as he may'di rect. The rank of all said officers Shall not entitle them to pronsJtion in the line, nor shall it regulate their pay and rations ex cept when in actual service under a requisi sition from the President of the United States or the proclamation of the Governor; and all surgeons and surgeons' mates, now or hereafter to be appointed; shall be exam ined by the Surgeon General and a board of surgeons, not exceeding three, as he may direct, and the qualifications and fitness of all surgeoris and applicants for appointments as such shall be reported in writing to the Governor. F SEC. 9. That before the settlement and payment of any, bill by the State Treasurer, ' the Auditor General sl.all require, except ftir incidental expenses, or when 'it may be impracticable, an affidavit taken before a proper officer of this Commonwealth, to the following effect, viz: City and county of as. Personally appeared before me, an Alder man or Justice of tho Peace, in and for the said city or county of , of the firm of , who having been according to law, said' that the above ac count is correct, that the articles therein charged were furnished to the Common wealth of Pennsylvania, on the order of the head of the proper bureau, and that the prices charged for the same are the actual wholesale cash prices charged for goods of like quality to other customers, nod no more; that no commission, abatement, or allow ance whatever has been, or is to be given, to any person concerned in the ordering or purchasing of said articles, or any other per son whatsoever, and that the said articles are of the quality, size and quantity men tioned in the said account. and subscribed before me, this day of 180 . Every account shall be accompanied by a certificate" from the head of the proper bu reau that the account is• correct: that the articles were furnished on his order, and supplied as charged. Provided, That any person who shall be convicted before any court of record in this commonwealth, of wilful perjury under the provisions*of this section, shall suffer, in addition to the pen alties now provided by the laws of this com monwealth against perjury, the forfeiture of the whole amount of the price of the ar ticles falsely charged for, one-half of which amount shall go to the person or persons who shall prosecute such charge to convic tion, and the other half shall go to the mil itary fund of this Commonwealth. Sac. 10. That all expenditures of the ap propriation of five hundred thousand dollars made by the act of April nth, one thous and eight hundred and sixty-one, entitlea "An act for the . -better organization of the military," et cetera, on the warrant of the Governor. are hereby declared to be as valid as if the same were made after settlement of accounts on the warrant of the Auditor General. Provided,' That the several. die= horsing officers or other-persons whoreceii ed moneys on the Getreriaor's' warrant •as aforesaid, be and are hereby requ'red to set tle for the 4/111113 with the omit/Mica officers of the commonwealth in the usual manner. Sec. 11. That the Adjutant General, Quartermaster General and Commissary General shall hold their respective offices for three years, if they so long behave them selves, unless - otherwise provided by law, and shall each give bond with sufficient se curity to be approved by the Governor of the commonwealth in the sum of twenty thousand dollars fur the faithful discharge of their respective official ditties; and shah also be authorized to take and require from any deputies under them, bonds to the com monwealth in such sums and in such form as may be approved by the Governor to se cure the faithful discharge of their respect ive duties; and all expenditures for the mil itary service of the State shall be accounted for in such form and manner as the Auditor General arid State Treasurer may hare pre scribed, or may hereafter direct.. The Ad jutant General, Quartermaster General and Commissary General shall be entitled to re ceive out of the State Treasury, from time to time on the warrant of the Governor. such sum or sums of money, not exceeding at any one time three-fourths of the amount of the penulty in their respective bonds as may be required for military service; and for all moneys thus received and expended by them they shall account in manner and form as required by latr,•for: each particular sum so drawn before receiving any—further sums under the provisionssof this act. ' Sec. 12. That it shall not be lawful for any volunteer soldier to leave this common: wealth as such, unless he shall have been first accepted by the Governor of this State, upon a call under a requisition of the Pres ident of the United States, made upon the Governor direct for troops for the service of the United Stiites;, and no volunteer soldier .shall be allowed by the Governor to leave the State until folly armed and equipped for effective service. S e c. 13. The Governor is hereby author ized to draw on his warrants from the State Treasury a sum not exeeeling twenty thous and dollars, to he paid out of any moneys in the treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the compensation of such persons as he may require to serve the commonwealth in the military organizationof the - State or the general government, and for the expenses incident to the business in which they may be employed, and he is hereby authorized Ito cause the same to be duly settled quarter ! ly with the Auditor General of the State by causing the same to be accounted for ape : ifically in all instances wherein the expen,di tore thereof may, in his judgment be made public, and by making 'a certificate of the amount oj such expenditures nti he may deein proper far the interests of the State 'and National governments, not to make public: and every such certificate shall be deemed 1 a sufficient voucher fur the sum or sums 1 therein expressed to have been expended. Sec. 14. That the Associate Judges of 'the Court of Common Pleas and the County Commissioners of the several counties of this commonwealth shall constitute a Board of Relief, to meet monthly or as often as they find necessary at the office of the Com missioners, and upon reasonable claim or suggestion furnish such amount of support or relief in each individual case as they may deem equitable and proper for the families i or for persons resident in their respective' counties, heretofore in any degree dependant upon such volunters as hare been carolled and mustered into service from their several counties, under orders from the Governor of t the Commonwealth, during the existence if' the present exigencies of the general gov ernment; the claims or suggestions fur such relief, to be made in writing, setting forth the facts of the case with such proof's and verifications as the board may require, and to be filed in the office as vouchers for any payments which may be made thereon, payments for relief to be made by orders drawn in the usual form, with an endoise meat on the back of each, "issued by the board of relief," which endorsement shall be signed by one of the associate judges; and all tho vouchers, and the orders _issued thereon, shall be duly audited by the coun ty auditors, or other proper authorities, and published in the annual statement of the public expenditures' of said counties; if it shall be found requisite by the Commission ers of any county within this commonwealth they ere hereby authorized and empoWered to make a temporary loan or loans at a rate of interest not exceeding seven per con turn per annum, to carry into effedt the measures of relief provided by this act! Provided, That all arrangements made by the several counties of this State for the support of the families of the volunteers mustered into the service, are hereby legalized and declared to be in full force, until the provisions of this act are carried into effect. Sac. 15. That it shall be lawful for the proper authorities of any county within this oommonwealth to assess and levy a tax for the payment of such appropriations as may have been or may hereafter be made by such authorities fur the relief of volunteers, or of their families, or both, which volunteers shall have been or may be received tato the service of ,thisffitato or the United:Slates, in the present exigency of tl.e country. :Pro vided, That such assessment 'shall no in any one-year exceed two and one-half mills upon the dollar of •the taxable preiperty. of web-county; And provided farther,, That all loans heretofore negotiated or moneys boreinied bV ittiy. emintr, city or boroogh for the purposes _aforesaid:be and the 'same ate hereby ratified and:confirmed, and the bonds or other evidences of indebtedness is sued or to be issued therefor are hereby made good and valid, and that all appropri ations heretofore made or to be made by county commissioners or municipal authori ties, for the purpose of arming or equipping volunteers, or for the relief of their families aro hereby legalized and shall be allowed them on the settlement of their accounts, as other payments are Ly law allowed. SEC 16. That in case any soldier shall die after being mustered into the service of the United States or of this State, leaving a widow and minor children or a minor child under the nge of fourteen years, the mother of such minor or minors shall receive eight dollars per month from this State for the term of five years, unless all such minors shall, before the expiration of said five years be of the age of fourteen, or unless she or they receive - a pension from the United States; if such widow die or marry before the expiration of said five years, such pen sion from the time of such death or mar marriage, shall go to the support of such minor child or children as are are then liv- SEc. 17. That any District Attorney, or other county or municipal officer of this commonwealth, who may have enlisted and - been received into the service of the State or the UnirecrStates, as a soldier or officer, fur any.-part of the term for which such at torney or officer shall have been elected, may appoint a deputy who, with the appro val of tho Court of 'Common Pleas of the county or district, shall discharge the duties of said District Attorny or other county or municipal officer, during such term of office. Provided, that nothing herein contained be construed to discharge the bail to the -com monwealth or nny such District Attorney, or county or municipal officer. Provided further, That the provisions of this section shall not extend to aldermen or justices of - . the peace. SEC. 18. That all incorporated universi ties, colleges and academies in this common wealth arc hereby authorized to establish, id connection . with their several institutions a military professorship for the education of young men in military discipline and the art of war. 'Sec. 19. That the commander-in-chief, in conjunction With the officers composing the'grand 'staff of the militia of this corn mortirealth, are hereby authorized nod re quired "to organize 'a Military corps, to be called the Rosario Volueteer Corps of the commonwealth, and to be composed of thir:. teen reginienti of infantry, one regiment of cavalry and one regimental' light artillery; the said regiments shall severally be 'oona posed-oi,compat.ied of like nutnher and be armed end equipped, 'ClOthed; disciplined, governed and officered as similar. troops in the serriie of the Uni ted Stlites,,ned shall be enlisted,in the:servieeOf ihe State for a period not execoaing thre'ye'arS, or for the vrar, unless sooner diScharged, and shall be liable'te be called - the Service of. this IState at such time as . the commander-in, chief may deem their services necessary fur Ithe purpose of suppressing insurrections or, i to repel invasions; and further to be liable to be mustered into the serrico of the Coi -1 ted States at such time as requiSitions may be made by the President of the Unitea I States. Sec. 20. That the commander-in-chief, in conjunction with the officers aforesaid, Shall cause two or more comps of instruc tion, not exceeding eight, to be formed in different sections of the State for the ac commodation and instruction of said troops, and the Governor shall appoint suitable offi cers or drill-masters, with the rank and pay of captain, whose duty it shall he to instruct said troops in military art, conforming as near' ns may be, to the plan of instruction, rules, regulations and discipline, adopted fur similar troops in the service of the Uni ted'States, Sec. 21. That the commander-in-chief shall cause the troops aforesaid to be drilled and instructed in such encampments, for and during such periods of time as ho may deem necessary to perfect them in the mil itary art. Sec. 22. That the said corps shall receive the same pny and rations, when under such instructions in said camps or in the service of the State or United States, as similar troops receive when in the service of the U. States, and that said troops shall, when not under snob instruction in camp or in the service of the State or U. S., at all times hold themselves in readiness at their respec tive residences to be called into the service of the State, or, upon requisition of the President, into the service of the United States, and shall be required to provide and keep in repair suitable armories for the safe keeping and preser‘ation of their arms and accoutrements. Sec. 23. That it shall be the duty of the commander-in-chief and Adjutant General to procure and furnish arms and accoutre ments and a uniform dress suitable for said troops at the charge of the State, and the captains of the Several companies composing said regiments shall be required to receipt to the Adjutant General for said arms, as contremehts and uniform dress, and shall farther give' bond to the commonwealth, with at:may - in 'such sum as the Governor shall direct ro be approved by the President Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of the county in which such captains may reside, conditioned forme safe keeping and delivery over to the Adjutant General of.sucharms aad• accoutrements as may be received by r $1,50 PER YEAR IN ADVANCE; $2,00 IF NOT IN ADVANCE! their respective compenies upon demand le gally made by the Adjutant General, and the said bonds when se approved shall be be filed in the office of the Adjutant General. SEC. 24. That the several companies and regiments composing said volunteer corps, shall le entitled to elect, and the Governor shall commission officers, similar in number and rank to those allowed in like troops in the army of the United States, Provided, That the Governor shall have power to ap point and commission chaplains for said corps and designate their rank. SEC. 25. That no troops shall be kept in camp longer than three months at any one time, except the Governor shall, upon the expiration of laid throe months, deem the longer continuance of said troops neces sary for the protection of the commonwealth, or shall have a requisition for troops from the President of the United States. Sec. 26. That the commander-in-chief, in conjunction with the grand staff aforesaid are hereby authorized and empowered to make and adopt all necessary rules and reg ulations for the speedy and efficient organi zation of said Reserve Volunteer Corps, and for arming and equipping the same, with the most approved style of arms and equip ments, and the officers and rank and file composing said volunteer corps, shall be sworn or affirmed to support the constitution of this State and the Constitution of the United Mites. Sec. 27. That the Governor and Adju tant General be and are hereby authorized and required to procure and furnish, at the earliest possible time after the troops pro vided for in this bill shall have been sup plied, not exceeding one. thousand stand of modern approved arms and accoutrements f.ir each of the counties of this State bordering upon Maryland, Delaware and Virginia lines, to, be received by the county,, commissioners of the respective countiuS, fur 'the purpose of arming organ : . ized troops for the defence of said counties, and for such other military serviee.contigu one to their borders au,they may legally be called upon to perforce: and the county com missioners of said cooties Shall execute a bond, in the name and in ,behalf of such county, in such sum'as the Governor shall direct, conditioned for the safe keeping and delivery over to the Adjutant General all such arms and accoutrements as may be re ceived by them, fur the purpose aforesaid, at such ,times as the Government may direct, and,the bonds .so executed shall be filed in the office of the Adjutant General. Sec. 28. That the Governer and Adju tant General be, and are hereby authorized and required, as coon as possible, to procure suitable arms and - accoutrements, sufficient to arm the volunteer companies of this State now or hereafter to be regularly organized under the existing lavis; and further to col lect and contract for the renaodellingof such military arms belonging to the State, as are or have become deficient and unfit for mod ern Service: And' pWovided further,' that be fore any arms are delivered to any volun teer companies, or home guards, they shall severally be sworn' or affirmed to support the constitution' of this State and the Con stitution of the United States, and to obey all lawful orders of such officers as may be placed over them by proper authority. Pro vided 'further, that so much of any law, heretofore existing, authorizing members nf volunteer companieth to receive pay for any military parading, not actually in the ser vice of the State, is hereby suspended due lug the existence of the present tehr; and the militia tax now imposed by the laws of this commonwealth shall be collected and paid into the Treasury of the State, to meet the expenses of the militia mustered into actual service. The Serfs of Russia The 42,000,000 of serfs might be divided in round numbers as follows: 20,000,000 of crown serfs, 2.000,000 in the imperial do mains, and 20,000,000 under private pro prietors. Already the crown serfs and those of the imperial dominions are declared free, and the emancipation of the rest is only re tarded for the 'completion of the necessary arrangements. The connection between proprietor and serf has of course, ever vari ed according to circumstances; being mild and patriarchal on some estates slave-driving on others. By law, the labor to be imposed i on the serf, for the land he holds of his mas ter, is that of three days per week; yet many propietors force their men for six days dur ing the summer, and in winter field labor is impossible. Such properties may be soon recognized by the squalidness and misery of the peasantry. A certain proprietor, passing from the south to St. Petersburg, told me that, passing through such a district, be inquired the reason of so much poverty and dirtiness among the people; the answer was that the pameschik.. or landlord, took six days a week, and that they had no time for themselves. In a village about the cen tre of the country, in the same condition I asked 'the same question, - and received the same answer. My conversation was with the ycmskik, or postilion, who was a serf of the estate, and hired out on the Obrok system; he received 60 roubles a. year, the whole of which he bad to pay to his proprietor. "But this will soon be over now said the man. "Scobodnie eh ne eroboditie—to be free, or not tube fres=-that is the question now."— On asking further I found he had not the least ideti of arty of the blessings of freedom, bat thoartthey consisted in doing nothing. or only b much as to 'privide the means o: [WHOLE NUMBER 1,607. getting drunk. Of this, however, there is no doubt, that since the emancipation has been mooted, many proprietors have been doubly hard in squeezing as much labor as possible out of the serfs, while the serfs, knowing they would soon be free, scent resolved to do as little as possible. Many proprietors on the other hand, when the subject took a serious aspect, either vol untarily emancipated their serfs or made arrangements with them. A friend of wine, an officer in the navy, on his return from a long voyage, when the peasants came to congratulate him according to old custom, a lib essed them seriously on the chango about to take Oleo in their condition.— With one voice they cried out, they were hippy as they were, and did not want to be free. Indeed, under an easy humane pro prietor, serfs are almost as much a burden as a profit. They have no cares but such as their labor imposes, and the proprietor is bound by many bonds to them; lio must pay -their taxes to the Government; if their islet, or hut be burned down, he must re build it; if their cow, pig, or horse die lie must replace it; if sickness be in the family, ho must provide doctor and medicines; if in' want he must feed them; if naked he' must c'othe them—in short, in all their wants they look up to their pameschik for. assistance and advice. It is true that the • peasant should repay all this by degrees: , but as he is lazy and has little money, he is always deeply in debt, as are most of the• serfs through Jut Russia. All the enlight— ened travelled Russian proprietors with whom I over spoke, leaving their ideas of humanity aside, declared they thought that the emancipation would be, after a short period, more a profit than a loss-to them; men of narrow ideas, or those whose estates were deeply mortgaged to. the Government, were of course fearful that the change would injure them very materially As most of the proprietors pare absentees during the greater part of the year, their estates aro manage , / by agents; if the estate is small,,by the head man of the peasantry. Every male serf has the right to a certain portion of land, about four techetverts (eight • acres, two roods, thirty poles circa), but' often less in the-most valuable districts; for this lie giies his labor three day:3'par - Week. -Where the Comlnunal system exists the . land thus ceded is classed, measured- and portioned eut.among the different families comprising' the commune. This mire, or communal system, is one of the most striking 'of Russian institutions. It has already de-' scended from'generation to generation for more than a thousand years, rind is in fact a primitive emblem of what in other countries I has grown into self-govermaient.' The com munes meet under theepresidency of its Swat, or elders, to deliberate on the'general good: Over every district is, however, a tchinofniok or Government Sit pervirioi. The soil-bound peasant, the' serf whet la bors'on his own ticcountmnfritayii thenbrok nr tribute to his master; and iihe'aroperiie, or personal servants, form ill& bitrie classes of Russian serfdom. But to• the glory of humanity and:progress such an institution will, in Europe, soon belong only to the past: though the curse that slavery entails can only he redeemed by rational freedom. The emancipation once accomplished 'it will be curious to mark its effect on the people.— Different opinions are formed by thinking Russians who have studied their people as to what those effects will be: From my own observations and deductions I came to the opinion that the ohange will be • deeply felt by the country, and at first fur the worse—' for the Russian peasant bears n strong re semblance, in many respects, to the 'Melt:. Celtic peasant. Both. peoples, too,' have long suffered from absentee landlords, who were only heard of when money had to be squeezed from the unfortannte tenants. 'The' Russian peasant will work' just enough to supply the hare wants of his nit turn. Re will cultivate a little hue:Wheat for his krish,* and a plat of cabba'gu_ for his stchu; the sale of his pig, his fowls, Or - lils calf, will provide him with whisky and to bacco; the sheepskins supply his clothing. Unaccustomed to any cluirge made upon him, except by his proprietor, he will not at first understand the payments to he made to Government for the land he occupies; al though such payments may, after prove an incentive to industry: If the nom-• munal system be preserved, this again may' Call forth the peasant's energy; for the land being held in a mass by the commune; and paid for by it, one man's industry will ben reproach and a check on the indolence of the others. Such will probably be the stat 3 of the Russian peasantry for a • long time after they are free; and, until the whole so cial life of Russia can bo reorganized, and things ftud their level, the country will have to experience the after effects which such a curse as slavery ever brings upon every grade of a population, whether noble or hind. There is, however, one strong fea ture in the character of the Russian lower orders; and that is, tbeir disposition to•bar ter and commerce; in this they much resem ble • the Chinese, whose lure, of trading is well known. Many serfs, therefore, cm :their liberation will, no doubt, dock to the townsis and there g.►ia a livelihood in Tarione_ elan nets of commerce.—Cornkilt Magazine. •Knuth, the wr nin of huckerbat. eaten es rice is IA Te ets. or the petite:lW. trebled. forms wish the-video. or cabbage loop, the chief altatent of the Ru•awe pees. QUIRT.—Is Jeff-Davin' regard for Cotton in particular as strong as his &adoptive to Wool in General
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