VOL. 47. AMERICAN VOLUNTEER, PUBLISHED, EVERY THURSDAY UORRIKG ST JOHN B. BRATTON. TERMS ScDBCiPTiOH.—Ono Dollar and Fifty Cents, paid In' advance; Two Dollars if paid within the year; and Trio Dollars and Fifty Cents, if not paid within the year. These terms will bo rigidly adhered to in every instance. No subscription discontinued until all arrearages are paid unless at the . option of the Editor. . ; Advertisements—Accompanied by the cash, and not'exceeding oho square,, will bo . inserted throe time, for One Dollar, and twenty-five cents for oooh Additional insertion.. Those of a groator length in Such as nand-Vdl ß ,Posting-Wlls Pamphlets, Blanks, Labels, *o. Ao., executed with Aecacacy.and.at.tho shortest.notice. . : : IfetiraL OCR WEE WHITE HOSE. BT OEItALD MASSEY. All in our marriage garden Grow, smiling lip to Goil, A bonnier flower than over 'Sucked the green warmth of the sod; 01 beautiful, an fathom ably, Its little life unfurled ;' 1 And crown of. all-thinga.was our wee White Rose of all the world. From out a balmy bosom Our bud of beauty grew; It fed on smiles for sunshine,- Ou tears'for'daintier dew ;' ■Aye nestling warm and tenderly. Our leaves, of , love wore curled 60 close and close about-our, wee White Rose of all the world. With mystical, faint fragrance,. , . Our home.of life she filled, .Revealed each hour some fairy tower, Where winged hopes might build : We saw—though none like us might see Such precious prom ire pearled Upon tho petals of bur woo White Koso of all tho world. .But, evermore, the.halo. ■ Of angel-light increased,, Xike tho mystery of moonlight. That folds seine fairy-feast: Snow-white,- snow-soft, 'snbw-silontly, Our darling bud up curled, And drop i’ the grave,- God’s lap, our woe White Koso of all tho world. Our -Rose was but in blossom , Our lifeytas in its spring • When, down tho solemn midnight. We heard the angel’s sing; "Another bud of infancy. - With holy dews impoalcd !’’ And in their bands they bore our wee ' ■ , White Rose of all the world. You scarce could think so small a tbing ■ Could leave a loss so largo; . Her-little light such shadow fling,. Brom dawn to sunset’s marge. ~ In other springs, bur life may'b'o . Xu bannered bloom‘unfurled ; ■ lint noVcr, nOvor match our wee White Rose of all.tho world. ■' ■' Ttffi lllMG ; ifi Y 3IOTIHB WOKE'. BY LOUIS BELA. Tho earth has many treasures rare, , 'ln gomfl-nnd golden ore; , My heart bath one, more precious far The ring my mother wore. ‘ I saw it first) when I, a child, Was playing,by her sido; &ho told mo then, 'twas father's gift When she-became his bride. I sawit oft in sorrow’s hours Which marked the after years, When shining on the soft, white band That wiped away my tears. And, oh 1 I saw it ouoc again, When, on her dying bod, She lifted up her hand in prayer. And laid it on my bead. feosido.‘that hod, whOro foll my'tcars,. •The ring; to ine wafl'glvbn j ‘ She placed it on m3' hand, and said,. « We’ll mot again in heaven !” 1 kissed the ebook X oft had pressed, From which the rose had fled:. And, bowed with grief, stood motherless,; Alone, beside the dead; ' ' Among the blest in realms above, Where sorrows aro unknown,, 0 may T moot my mother dear, No more, to weep alone Her dying words of lovo and faith I'll ohorish evorraoro „ : Within tho heart which holds, so doar . The ring my mother wore. JSistellaiwM. A Shabby Young Man. Brookland, 1 winch now forms an elegant and retired suburb of New York, about the fend of’the last century consisting of a few country houses, scattered like a sort of ham - let along: the banks of the Hudson, and built by those wealthy, citizens whom fortune ena bled' and. taste;prompted to retire from the crowd and! bustle of the town. Tho families resident there wore all of the; same grade in, society; their habits and pursuits were simi lar. ! The greater part were more or less con nected; land, as' short distances produced greater separation in those days than long, ones do in curs; the little community stood in genteel isolation from tho' neighboring city; "lived on its own money: and. importance; maintained l colonial etiquette. as established ; in the time of. Governor :Koitb, and' believed itself' of great consideration in the world. 1 Among tho old gentlemen who looked aft ter their gardens and green houses there, got their letters once a week from town. and-spont their.abundant leisure'in discussing the war of independence, (then but a fe w years,over,) there washone who stood higher; in his own' esteem, than' Sodley Small, Esq, His family had been among those parly settlers who formed the English' town of Now ■ York out of the Dutch colony of New Amster dam, little more than a century before the r period of our story; His- father was one of ' the first book-Bollers in: the city.' He made a business for himself, which his son inherited, and Sedlcy' Small, .Esq./ had gone through an *asy,. prosperous- life, with no struggle, no difficulties m his own opinions. He had mar ried'well,, and perhaps wisely. His wife was the daughter, or a flourishing merchant, had a dowry equal to his expectations; understood all manner of colonial house-keeping, from tho making of buckwheat cakes to tho scouring of old silk gowns, which, however incredible to the ladies of modern Brookland, was then the mode on the hanks of tho Hudson. Mr. Small had brought up sons and daughters with ns little trouble as any family man could expect. Ho hnd portioned and settled them all—some in the city, some in the neighboring town iJi'P 3 —and gathered them , round • him on .thanksgiving week, the anniversary of Amer ican Independence, his own birthday, and such, liko seasons of high celebration. • Mr. oranll had lived in troubled and changeful times, but got through thorn with little rislc or loss. He was not a man to peril much for the public weal. Whatever' was uppermost had his support for the time,; although he never wont further on any side than a friendly neutrality. When the tea;frpm Sandy Hook was thrown into tho river, he thought it a dangerous proceeding. , , When.Sears’ Association declared for inde pendence, and General Lee with his Connec ticut Militia marched into New York, Mr. Small considered the Union was decidedly right.. When the British troops took possess ion, and the Americans word defeated at Long Island, it was his opinion that rebellion never prospered. But when the Peace of Paris was signed, when tho patriot soldiers were return ing to their homes and farms, and Washing ton was taking leave of his officers in front of Francis’ Hotel, Mr. Small occupied a very re spectable place in the crowd of spectators, and said it was tho proudest moment of his life. , With this quiet imitation of the Vicar of Bray, Sedley Small, Esq., had come to repose, not under his laurels, for lie was . never the man 1 to win them, but in his handsome coun try house, with everything that dollars could purchase about him, and in a highly satisfac tory state of mind regarding himself, his, do ings, and his consequence. In common with most men who have never tried the strife, Mr. Small Had a mighty admiration of success. With him it was the proof of talent and the Ovidonce‘'of desert. Jllcn who had achieved {lower, place.or popularity, were the saints of lis calendar, and at the head of them all stood Benjamin Franklin, Whether because the printing business, which the famous doc tor had followed in his unknown days, was in some degree related to tho bookselling, or that the lightning conductor, which kept his house safe, in thunder storms, had made Mr. Small sensible of the service done to the world by the Philadelphia 1 philosopher, cer tain it was that next to himself, Franklin oc cupied place in Mr. Small’s es teem. He quoted his maxims on- every pos : siblc occasion ; their sound, worldly .wisdom cast a reflected glory on tho prudence of the ox-bookseller, lie keeps his complete works •bound in inoroooo with gilt edges, in his best book-case, and showed with special pride a copy of his first publication, tho essay on “Liberty and Necessity,”printed in London, 17261 All, Mr. Small’s friends were acquain ted with the curious chance by which the now highly prized pamphlet had como : into his hands. Up was in tho habit of rehearsing it regularly to every visitor at his house, and also the' fact that the essay had remained on one of his lumber shelves fully twenty years before ho knew it was Franklin’s. That was the first edition ever printed. There was not a.copy so' early te bo found in all the Union. Together with all tho treasures of the house, it was prepared for high display one clear wintry day.in the beginning of 1789, when ah unusually keen frost had made the Hudson lit for sledge travelling, and down that crystal highwav the whole north and west were pour ing to New York, to see tho meeting of the first American Congress, and General' Wash ington sworn into tho - office.. of President.. Among.the gathering members, Franklin was dxpeoted; Philadelphia had elected him once more, though full of years, as well as honors; the man of so much work and, fame had be gun to feel his energies flag, under the burden of age, and talked of retiring.frora public life. It .was known Fran'klih was .to como direct from Albany, where he had boon visiting an old friend. The sledges wore to stop at Brookland for the accommodation of passen gers. There.was yet a day to spare before the meeting of Congress, and Mr. Small was not only most, forward-in the crowd which as sembled to meet the philosopher, but by dint of influential introduction and hospitable im portunity, contrived to make him accept an invitation to spend that evening at his house, and proceed to New. York early on tho follow ing day. ... The entire elite of Mr. Small's circle, wore gathered to dinner in the evening. . The mas ter of the mansion sat in triumph resembling that of the Roman conqueror, with spoils and captives following his chariot. Tho quiet, sensible old gentleman who had signed tho Peace of Paris, and won him a name through out tho world, was at times half amused and half provoked at the boundless fuss made about him; hut Benjamin Franklin was ac customed to such doing; he let things take their course, and the dinner passed off as oth er show dinners have gone before and since, till the old gentleman joined the ladies in tho drawing room, and Mr. Small took the oppor tunity to display his library, which opened conveniently from that apartment. The best of his hooks had been brought with him when he retired from business, and'but few c'olleo tions in tho United States could equal his at the time. Franklin admired the books and their bindings, applauded Mr. Small’s taste till that gentleman, being in a'flushof enthu siasm, which the claret had probably height ened, brought down from its high place in his book-case the long treasured pamphlet, named in the fashion of its publishing time: “A Dis sertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain ;” and introduced it to the doctor’s notice with a considerable flourish, about the more than a half century it hod been in his possession,.and liow much ho prized it above his entire library. “ It is the London edition,” said Franklin, turning the rough pages with an absent look. Perhaps he was thinking of tile time- when Sir 'William Kicth sent him to England, with every manner of promises, not one of which was kept; and ho, an American bred youth, poor and friendless in great and busy London, worked as 'a journeyman printer in Bartholo mew Close, saving money to pay his passage home, and writing tho “Di isertation” after business hours; “ There were hut few prin ted,” he continued;.“ not above two hundred. I was hot aware that any had been sold in New York.’” . ‘‘•lt was never sold, doctor," said, Mr. Small, catching at the glorious opportunity to tel! his story, for which ho put himself in the accustomed attitude, by thrusting his hands deep into the pockets of his buckskins, and sitting exceedingly .upright. “It is almost sixty years since' that work came into the possession, I may say, of my family. Wo lived in the Old Slip, then —it was reckoned a highly respectable place of business. I was vary young, but had learned to assist my fa ther in tbo store; ho was a prudent'man, doctor, and never allowed much play. Our storeman had gone' off in a pet, because my father would not increase bis salary, and it was not easy to fill his plaeo, for he had boon seven years with us, and good storemen were not plentior at that time than they are now. We talked to all onr friends on the subject, without success. 'At last my,father advertis ed in the American' Nows Letter, the only paper Now York had ; it came out every Sat urday, and, on the following Monday—a wot, cold evening it was—justwhen wo wore going to shut up, arid my. mother was laying supper for us in the back parlor—let nie see, I think it was pumpkin pie wo had, doctor; my mo- “ ODE-COUNTRY—MAY,IT ALWAYS BE RIGHT: OR WRONG, OUR COUNTRY." ther went ahead in' housekeeping—in walked a very shabby looking young man, quite be low anything wo, could think of employing.' His hat had no-cook, 'his hair looked as if it had never been cued, he had not a morsel'of ruffle; in one hand ho carried a penny roll, and under the other arm two hooks. . All those ho laid down on tho counter, in a deci dedly vulgar manner, told my father ho had seen his advertisement in the News Letter, and came to apply for tho situation. Of course my father could not engage' a person who earned a penny roll and showed no raf fles; hut he asked the young man. if he had ever been in a hook store, and if ho could, show n testimonial of character from any man of station in Now York. . The questions seeth ed rather to wake him up to to tho knowledge of . his own presumption. He said, with a good deal of stammering, that he had never served in a store of any kind, hut ho knew something of hooks and would endeavor to learn the business; that he was a stranger in New York and knew nobody, but there were .respectable people in Boston who would rec ommend him. My father could not help smil ing,at his ignorance of tho world. He ad vised him to go homo to Boston and get a sit uation there, for he would receive no man into his store who could not produce. testimony, and did not understand the book business. I suppose the young man was ashamed of his adventure; he gjeked up tho penny roll and the largeat;of the hooks he had lain down, and in his confusion forgot tho smaller ono, which wo did notice till lie was out of sight—and it proved to he this inestimable pamphlet.” , “ Did you over see the young man again ?” asked Franklin, who had listened to, tho nar ration with his usual grave and placid look. “ Never, doctor; lie probably went honio to his respectable friends in Boston, and had no use for the bonk he forgot. Indeed, the won der.is how it ever came into such a person’s hands.” “ Would you know , him if you saw him now ?” said Franklin, half Smiling. “I can’t say I should, doctor; it is almost sixty years ago; I was a boy not above fif teen.” “It is sixty two years ago, hut Irbmomher it well, my friend; for I am the very man who came to your,father’s store that-cold wet evening,” said Franklin. “ I had returned from England poor and disappointed, but un willing to fjo back to Kieth’s printing office in Philadelphia, which I had left in such high hopes; I lingered about New York, and .searched street and store in vain for employ ment, when yoiir father’s advertisement caught my eye in an humble coffee house. It was likely my last-chance, and I wont to ap ply before tho store should be shut. The penny roll was bought oh the ivay for inv sup per. The larger hook was a volume of Pcfoo, containing his ‘ E -ny on' -Projects,’ whioh first turned my attention to science and nhilos ophy; it was then the only bonk I mssossod. and with it I carried, this pamphlet in the vague hope that your father might he nullified ■to purchase a-fow copies, and.give it a chance, o'f circulation in New York. The repulse I met with on my application for tho office of of atorbman,;madq.me jiot _on}y. abandon,, the; htfeihpt to“ 8plIi : -LaVals6.--fi)..-forgothiny,;froot.f The mind is easily confused in yofith.’.’' “But, doctor, if wo 1 had known, if wo had dreamed that it was really, you-—’,’ -gasped Mr. Small, ready to drop from' Ills chair ' with shamo and embarrassment. ; “No apologies,-my dear sir; they are quite unnecessary. I was nobody for you to know or dream of, just then.” And the pldiphilos opher looked.both merry and wise. ‘‘lt was my own fault, to chuje looking for a genteel situation in a hat with no cook; what could any niari expect; sixty-two years make great changes in this world of ours. They, have made us a flourishing Bopublie but of what George 111 and his ministers called a seditious colony; and you see that in flic same space of time, a tolerably respectable member, of Congress has been made of a man who carried a penny roll, and wore no ruffles.” Mr. Small’s friends never could understand how he recovered his composure on that try ing occasion, hut lie did; his distinguished guest having contrived to turn the conversa tion once more to his hooks and bindings; and tho rest of the evening wont off remarka bly well. Next morning ho accompanied Franklin on what proved to ho tho doctor’s last visit to Now York ; saw him take his seat iii Congress; saw "Washington sworn into tho Presidency; and returned to his country' house in the accustomed glow of enthusiasm for tho successful and established condition of his country. . How far ho profited by the les son of that evening, could never bo guessed by his most intimate acquaintance. Besides the long treasured pamphlet, he was accustomed to exhibit tlio chair oh which Franklin sat in his library, many a.year after tho famous doctor had gone to the house appointed. But nobody again heard him rehearse tho story of “ The Shabby. Young Man.” A Gen'ti.e Hint.— “ Why don’t you get married ?” said a young lady tho other day to a bachelor.friend. ■ “ I have been trying for the last ton years to fund some one who would ho silly enough to liayo mb,” was the reply. ; “I guess you haven’t been up our way,” Was the insinuating rejoinder. Df7 = ' “ Looking nice,”, is a term invented to keep boys off the grass, and makes girls con sumptive. In our opinion, dirt is one of the very elements of health, and no bay should bo denied his legitimate share thereof. Clean children arc always, “ pale and interesting.” DfT” An old Dutchman undertook to whal lop his son. But Jack turned upon him and whallbped tho old gent. 1 The old. man con-, soled himself for his defeat by rejoicing in his superior manhood. He said: “Veil, Shack is a smar.vellow. Ho can vhip his own tad-' dy!” ' lE7“ I" Cincinnati, an Irishman became an gry at a darkey, and broke seven or eight bricks upon his head without doing, him' the least injury., Tho negro, was perfectly cool during the operation, exclaimed: “ Struck away, white man—dis chile don’t mind clem; pebbles no how! yah! yah I” . K 7 In Alabama a farmer very recently had his butterspized by tho clerk of tho mar kot for short weight, and gave as n reason, that tho cow from which the butter was made/ was suh'cct to the cramp, and that caused the butter to shrink in weight. O-Tiie Kiss. — Who gave that Idas ? (ho teacher oried; , ‘Twns Harry Hall, John Jonos replied. Como.hero to nlo old Switchom said, . And solemnly ho shook his head; What evil genius prompted you' So rado a thins in school.to do? Said Hurry,,l can hardly noy Ji'ist how it happened. Anyway,' To do a Bum she whispered mo ; And round my face her curls—you sec—. That is her cheek—and I—and I— i Just kissed her, hut I don’t know why. , CARLISLE, PA., THURSDAY, JANUARY U, 1861. anji ,(onk 00 Mincing 1 the .matter—making mince' pies. • . O'Decidedly interesting—some late occur rences in pur borough. O^Ended —Leap Year, and the season for shooting deer. , . 0“ Those who shun- society are neither very strong nor very weak. . BO* The New; York Legislature has voted a sword to Major Anderson. O' Shoemakers are:hard to deal with as they always want something to boot. O" Rarey.adyertisesia vicious horse to ex periment on, and offers 5100 for the worst. : O’ Four children .(colored,) wore burned to death in a house in Marietta, Lancaster co.; a few days since. . . X,, OO Saints and sinners, stood on slippery places last week, and hard was the fall of many thereof. .■ [O’An editor of a’pajjer in Indiana wants to know if Western whisky was ever seen “ cornin’ thro’ the' rye,” DO Beef is selling in Charleston, S. C., at illiriy-Jive cents a pound, and other provisions are proportionally high. , O’ That mad wag Prentice says tall gen tlemen are always successful, because the la dies are all in favor of hymen. [JO Why is a dog with a broken leg like a hoy at arithmetic? Answer—Becauaelio puts down throe and carries ono. [f£7' A negro, on beingexamined, was asked if his master was a Christian. “ No, sir, he is a member of Congress,-’ Was the reply. 0“ The Light Artillery has been recalled from Kansas to prepare ‘ tor any emergency that' may occur at the seat of government OP= “ There, John, that's twice you’ve come home and forgotten that’lard.” “ La, mother, it was so greasy that it.slipped my mind.” [C7” What are the years but perishable loaves, blown, one by brie; from theeyeropen ing rose of time, by tbeesmo breath that cre ated them. ■ J (£7” When' a man is dead, ho is no lon "or ours to jeer at, orcondenVfl. His soul is God’s, his poor, frail boily a handful of dust in the great palm of Death.' ' K7* South Carolina bWfds- havebeorihawk ed about Now ypfk, a? low as 20 cent?' oh tlio dollar, during the‘past week, butoould find no purchasers. (£7* Wendell Phillips lieops a body guard armed with revolvers,ytp'.'preverit him Going, mobbed while making Jtii; disunion'Abolition speeches.in Boston. ' Surreav .flonrou.iTioM. —In the House of Representatives '.at Harrisburg Vast week, a bill was presonied.'for the mooreora-. I tioyiof a; ; ; K7* declared that he would ride to'thV inauguration in a carriage with Old Abe ini March next, if he shouldrisk assassination thereby. O" Childhood’s dreams are like white j clouds, , that float through,, a summer sky. Bathed in the glory of Heaven they drift away, leaving no trace of sadritss behind. [C7" On Saturday evening week John B. Gough, the great temperance' Jeccuror, deliv ered. a lecture' at St. Louis, in which ho ex pressed strong Union sentiments which were loudly applauded. [CP On Wednesday last, two policemen named Clarborno Long and Daniel Hallman, . were stabbed in a house of ill-fame in Cincin nati! The former died ; the latter is in a. critical condition. [CP Roger B. Taney, Chief Justice of the United States, declares, that he will, if living, administer the oath of office to Hr. Lincoln on the 4th of March next, if he has to go to Springfield to do it. . (CP On Thursday evening last, the wife of Henry Heiser, residing near Orwigsburg, Schuylkill county, committed suicide by hang ing herself. Cause unknown. She was about GO years of ago. ; [CP It is ascertained that all the seceding States have drawn their quota of arras for 1801 in advance. ■ Tlie order from South Car- olina was filled only a few days before the passage of the ordinance of secession. Common lamp oil, rubbed over the hands every morning, is said to bo sure cure for chapped hands. The best remedy for chapped lips, that we know, is to get married, and even that don’t always.pure them! • There are biit seven States in the Un ion in which the, Post Office receipts exceed the expenditures. They are Maasachusotss, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Connecticut,' New York, Delaware and Pennsylvania. C ZJ* lusty young fpllow in a tattered garb, and a long beard that bespoke,, the ex treme of distress, solicited an elderly gentle man for alms, in a piteous tone of voice; the benevolent, gentleman gave j him a shilling. “If.this relief," Said the beggar, “had not come so opportunely, I should have boon dri ven to do. what T never had intended,” — “What was that? said the gentleman impa tiently. “To work,” said the imposter. INAUGURAL ADDRESS GOV. ANDREW 6. CURTIN. DELIVERED JANUARY' Mth, 18G1, Fellow Citizens:; ;■ Having been ! entrusted by ’the people of Pennsylvania, With the administration of the Executive department of the ‘government for the next three •years, and having taken a sol emn oath Of fidelity to the Constitution of the United States, and to the Constitution of Penn- avail myself of your presence to express to you, and through yhu to the people of the State, my gratitude for the distinguish-, od honor they have, in their 'partiality, con ferred-upon me, • Deeply impressedwith its responaibilics and duties, Tenter upon the, office,of Governor of Pennsylvania,'with a determination to fulfil them all faithfully to the utmostof my ability. Questions of great moment intimately connec ted with the feelings and interests of the peo ple of all parts of the Nation, now agitato the public mind: and some of them, from their novelty and importance, are loft for settlement in the uncertainty of the future. A s oWsh caution might indicate silence ns the, safest course to bo pursued ns to those qucst onK. bv one just entering upon tho rosponmbd.t'c o high official position; but fidelity to the tngti trust reposed in me demand, especially at-this juncture, that I yield to an honored custom which requires a frank declaration of the principles to be adopted, and the policy to bo pursued during my official term. Wo have assumed, as the groat fundamen tal truth of our political .theory, that man is capable of self-government, and that all pow er emanates from the people. An experience of seventy-one years, under the Constitution of the United States, has demonstrated to all mankind that the people can bo entrusted with their own political destinies; and the deliber ate expression of their will should furnish the rule of conduct to their representatives in of ficial station. Thus appreciating their liber al capacity for self-government, and alive to the importance of preserving, pure and unsullied as it came from the'hands of the Apostles of Liberty, this vital principle, I pledge myself to stand between it and encroachments, wheth er instigated by hatred or ambition, by fanat icism or folly. The policy that should regulate the admin istration of the government of our State, was declared by its founders, and is fully estab lished by experience. It is just and fraternal in its aims, liberal in its spirit, and patriotic in its progress. The freedom of speech and of tho press, the right of conscience and of pri vate judgment in civil nnd'religioua faith, are tho high prerogatives to which the American citizen is born. In bur social organization the rich and the poor, the high and the low, enjoy these equally, and the Constitution, and tho laws in harmony therewith, protect the rights of alb The intelligence of the people is one of the main pillars of the fabric of ourgovern ment, and the highest hopes of the patriot for its safety rest on enlightened public niorality and virtue. Our system of Common Schools will ever enlist my earnest solicitude. For its growing wants tho most ample provision should bq made by the Legislature. I feel that I need not urge this duty., Tho system has been gaining in strength and usefulness for a quar ter of. a century, until it has silenced opposi tion by its beneficent fruits.. It'has at times languished for want of just appropriations, from changes and amendments of tho law, and perhaps from inefficiency in its administra tion ; .but it has surmounted every difficulty and is now regarded by, the enlightened and patriotic of every political faith as the great bulwark of safety for our free, institutions.—, The manner in which this subject is presen ted to the Legislature, by ray immediate. pre decessor, in his animal message, fully harmo nizes with public sentiment; and his'recom mendation for aid to tho Farmer’s High School of Pennsylvania meets my most cordial appro bation., Invited to the rich prairie lands,of tho West, where the labor of the husbandman is simple and uniform,', when , population has filled our valleys, it passes awqy from our highland whore scientific culture is re quired to reward labor by bringing fruitful ness and plenty out of comparative sterility. While individual liberality has done much for an institution that, is designed to educate the farmer of the State, the. School languishes for want of public aid. An/experience -of ten years has fully demonstrated that the institu tion can he made self-sustaining; and fit r cp q'mres'no aid from tiie'’State except for thp completion of tho buildings in accordance with the original design. A liberal appropriation for that purpose would'be honorable to the Legislature and a just recognition of a system of public instruction that is of the highest im portance to the State in the development of our wealth, the growth, of our population and the prosperity of our great agricultural inte rests. ■ ’ The State having been wiselyrelieved of the management of the public improvements by their sale, the administration of the govern ment is greatly simplified, its resources are certain and,well understood, and the amount of the public debt is well ascertained. A rig id economy in all its. various departments and a strict accountability from all public officers, are expected by our people, and they shall not be disappointed. Now that the debt of the State is in the. course of steady liquidation, by the ordinary means of the treasury, all un necessary expenditures 1 of the public money must be firmly resisted, so that the gradual diminution of the indebtedness shall not be in terrupted. , To promote the prosperity of the people, and the power of the Commonwealth, by increas ing lief financial resources, by a liberal recog nition of the vast interests of our commerce, by husbanding our means and diminishing the burdens of taxation and of debt, will bo the highest objects of my ambition, and all the energy of my administration will be directed to the accomplishment of these results. •The pardoning power is one of the most im portant and delicate powers conferred upon the Chief Magistrate by tho Constitution, and it should always be exercised with great cau tion, and never except on the most conclusive evidence that it is duo to the condemned, and that tho public security will not be prejudiced by the net. When such.applications are pre sented to tho Executive it is due to society, to the administration of justice, and to all inter ested, that public notice should bo given. By the adoption of such a regulation, imposition will be prevented and just efforts will bo strengthened. The associations of capital and labor, under acta of incorporation, where the purposes to be accomplished are beyond the roach of individ ual enterprise, has long been the policy of. the State, and has done much to advance the prosperity of the people. Where the moans qf the citizens are moderate, as they generally" are in a new and growing country, and where the concentration of, the capital of many is necessary to development and progress, such associations, when judiciously restricted, con fer largo benefits' on the Stp-te. The vast re sources of Pennsylvania, and the variety of her mechanical and other industrial pursuits, invito capital and enterprise from abroad which on every sound principle of,political economy, should bo encouraged. Much of the time of the Legislature is consumed by applications for special chartered privileges which might be saved by the enactment of general laws and by such amendment to our general mining j and manufacturing law as, will remove need less and burthensomo, restraints, and at. the same time afford ample protection to capital and labor, and to the community at large.— Our Statute boohs are full of acts of incorpo ration conferring special privileges, various ns they, are numerous, dissimilar in theirgranta of power, and unequal in their-liabilities and restrictions. Well considered and judicious general laws to meotall classes of corporations would remedy the evil, economise time and money, relievo the Legislature from the con- , stant pressure for undue privileges, and lie i : u9 t and equal to all in their administration. • I’lio veto power conferred upon the Lxecu ti-vo was given with much hesitation, mid not without serious apprehensions ns to its abuse, 'by (ho framers of our organic bur. It is, in my judgment, to bo used with the greatest caution, and only when legislation is manifest ly inconsiderate, or of more than doubtful con- stitutionality. The legislators, chosen ns they are directly by the people, in such a manner that a fair expression of their views of the true policy of the government can always be had, give to all well .considered measures of legislation the solemn sanction of the highest power of the State, and it should not bo arbi trarily interfered with. While I shall shrink from no duty involved by the sacred trust re posed in me by the people of the Common wealth, I would have all other departments of the government appreciate the full measure of responsibility that devolves upon them. The position of mutual estrangement in which the different sections of our country have boon placed by the precipitate action and violent denunciation of heated partisans, the apprehension of still more serious compli cations of our political affairs, and the fearful uncertainty of the future, have had the effect of weakening commercial credit and partially interrupting trade;'and, ns a natural conse quence, deranging our exchanges and curren cy. Yet the elements of general prosperity are everywhere diffused amongst us, and noth ing is wanting but a-return of confidence ]to enable us to reap the rich rewards of our di versified industry and enterprise. Should the restitution of confidence in business and com mercial circles bo long delayed, the Legisla ture, in its wisdom, will, I doubt not, meet the necessities of the crisis in a generous and pa triotic spirit. ■ Thus far our system of Government has ful ly answered the expectations of its founders, and has demonstrated the capacity of the peo ple for self-government. The country has ad vanced in wealth',- knowledge and power, and secured to all classes of its citizens the bles sings of peace, prosperity and happiness,.— The workings of our simple and natural po litical organizations have given direction and energy to individual and associated enterprise, maintained public order, and promoted the welfare of all parts of our vast and expending country. No one who knows the history, of Pennsylvania and understands the opinions and feelings of her people; can justly charge us with hostility to oilr brethren of other States., We rCgai'd them its friends find fel low-countrymen, in whose welfare we fool a kindred interest; and we recognize, in. their broadest extent all our constitutional obliga tions to them. These we are ready and'wil ling to observe generously and fraternally in their letter and spirit; with Unswerving fidel ity. , The election of a President of the United States, according to the forms of the Constitu tion, has recently boon made a pretext for dis turbing the peace of the country by a delibe rate attempt to .wrest from the,Federal Gov ernment the poWofs which" the people conferr ed on it when they adopted tho Constitution, By this movement tho question whether the government of the United States ombodlos the prerogatives, rights and powers of sovereign-, ty, or merely represents, for specific pueposoa;. a multitude of independent communities, com federated in a league which any one of them I may dissolve at will, is now. placed, directly before, the American people. Unhappily this question is:not presented in the simple form of political discussion, but complicated with, the passions and jealousies of impending or I , actual conflict. , There is nothing-in the life of. Mr.' Lincoln nor in'any of Els acts of declarations before of since his.election,to warrant"the apprehen sion that his Administration will be unfriend ly to tho local institutions of any of the States. No sentiments but those of kindness and con ciliation have been expressed orenteftained by the constitutional majority which elected: him ; and nothing has occurred to justify the excitement which seems to have blinded tho I judgment of it part of tho people, and is pre cipitating them into revolution. Tho supremacy of the National-Government' has been so fully admitted and so long cher ished by the people of Pennsylvania, and so completely has the conviction of its nationali ty and 'sovereignty direeted their political ac tion that they are surprised at the pertinacity with which a portion of the. people elsewhere maintain the opposite'view. The traditions of the past, tho recorded teachings of the Fath ers of the Republic, the security of thoir free dom and prosperity, and their hopes for the future are all in harmony with an unfaltering allegiance to the National Union, the mainte nance of tho Constitution and the enforcement of tho laws. They have faithfully adhered to tho compromises of our groat National com pact. and willingly recognized tho peculiar in stitutions and. rights of property of the people of-other States'. Every true Pennsylvanian admits that his first civil and political duty is to tlie general government, and ho frankly ac knowledges his obligation to protect the con stitutional rights of all who live under its au thority and onjoy its blessings'. I have already' taken occasion to say pub licly, and I now repeat, that if we have any laws upon our statute books which infringe upon tho rights of the people of any of the States, or contravene any .law of the Federal Government, or obstruct its execution, the’ ought to be repealed. Wo ought not to hesi tate to exhibit to, other States that may have enacted laws interfering with the rights or obstructive of the remedies which belong con stitutionally to all American citizens, ah ex ample of magnanimity and of implicit obedi ence to the paramount law, and by a prompt repeal of every statute that may even, by im plication, be liable to reasonable objection, do our part to remove every .just cause of dissat isfaction with onr legislation. Pennsylvania has never faltered in her rec ognition of all the duties imposed upon her by the national compact, and she will, by every act consistent with her devotion to the inte rests of her own people, promote fraternity and- peace, and a liberal comity between the States. Her convictions bn the vital questions .which have agitated the .public mind are well understood at'homo, and should not bo misun derstood abroad. Her verdicts have been ns ■uniform as they have been decisive, in favor of the dignity, the prosperity and the progress of her free industry, and support of the prin ciples of liberty on which the government is i founded, and menace or rebellion cannot re verse them. They have passed into history as the deliberate judgment:of her people, ex pressed in a peaceful, fraternal and constitu tional manner: and when they shall have been administered in tho government, as soon ns they will bo, the madness that now rules the I ) 10 |, r w ill subside, ns their patriotic, faithful and national aims bring ample protection and peaceful progress to all sections of the llopub lic. In the grave questions which now agitato tlio country, no State has a move profound concern' than Pennsylvania. Occupying a geographical position between the North and the South, the East and West, with the great avenues of travel and trade passing through hsr borders, carrying on an extensive com- merce with her neighbors, in the vast and va- ried productions of her soil, her mines and her manufacturing industry and hound to them hy the ties of kindred and social intercourse, the question of disunion involves momentous consequences to her people. The second of the thirty_-threo States in population, and the ffrsk in material resources, it is due both to ! ourselves and to the, otllcr States, that, the po* sition and sentiments of Pennsylvania oh the question should ho distinctly understood!. , All the elements of wealth and gr'ehtriess have boon spread over the State hy a k\n.(j Providence with profuse liberality. Our tern;, perate climate, productive soil, and ippxhaua? tible mineral wealth, have stimulated tliVin dustry of our people and improved the skill of our mechanics. To develop, enlarge and. pro tect the intorests-Whioh growout of onr natu-. ral advantages, have become cardinal princi ples of political economy in Pennsylvania, and the opinion everywhere prevails among our people that development, progress and wealth depend oh educated ii’hd requited labor; and that labor, and the interests sustained-bji it, should be adequately protected ,against foreign competition. The people q£ ; Pennsylvania have always favored that policyvwlucb aims to elevate and foster the industry.hr the country in the collection of rc'venue iwgtjic support of the General Government; they have had the opportunity, ifiViiJ.‘fair election, they have vindicated that policy at the ballot? box. When their trade was..prostrated and their industry paralyzed by the legislation of the General Government, which favored ad verse interests, they waited patiently for the return of another opportunity to declare the public will in a constitutional manner. In the late election of President of the United States, the principle of protection was one of . the prominent issues. With the proceedings of Congress at .its last session fresh in their , memories; a large majority of the people of Pennsylvania enrolled themselves in an or ganization, which, in its declaration; of prin ciples, promised, if successful, to be faithful to their suffering interests and languishing; in dustry.. Protection to labor was one of the greatest principles of its platform; it was irif scribed on its banners; it was advocated by its public journals ; and throughout, the .can vass it Was a lending text of the orators of the . successful party. , ;. ' ,' . This is a propitious moment to declare that while the people of Pennsylvania were not in* different to, oUter. 'Vital issues of the.canyasa{, they were demanding justice for themselves in. the recent election, and had no design to-in terfero with or abridge the rights of the p.eo- Elo of other States. The growth of our State ad been: retarded by the abrogation of the jirinoiple of protection fropi the fevepde laws of the national government ; bankruptcy had crushed the energies of many of our most en terprising citizens ; but no voico of.disloyalty or treason washeard, nor was an ami raised, to offer violence to the sacred fabric of our na tional Union. Conscious of their rights-and their power,'our people looked to the ■ballot box alone as the legal remedy. for existing , evils. .. fn tbti present. unhappy condition; of the country,' it will be odr duty to unite With the people of the States which remain loyal to the Union, in any just and honorable measures of conciliation and fraternal, kindness. Lot us invite them to join us in the fulfilment of all our obligations' under the Federal Constitution dud laws.’ Then wo can cordially unite with them in claiming like obedience from those States which have renounced tliolr allegiance. ■ If the loyal States are just and moderate, with out any sacrifice of right or self-respect, the threatened danger may be averted. Ours is a National Government. It his. within the sphere of its action all the attri butes of sovereignty, and among, these are the right and duty of self-preservation.' It is based.upon a compact to which all the people, of the Unitod States are parties. It is the re sult of mutual',concessions, which were made’ for the purpose of scouring reciprocal hone- . fits. It acts directly on the people, and they owe'it, a personal allegiance.:' No part of the people, no State nor combination of Stated,’, can voluntarily secede, from the Union, nor absolve themselves from theirbhligations.toit; To permit a State to withdraw at pleasure from the Union, without the consent of the rest, is • to confess that’ our government is a failure.— Pennsylvania can never aoquieso in such o, conspiracy, nor assent to a doctrine which in volves the destruction of the Government. If the Government is to exist, all ,tho require ments of the-Constitution must bo obeyed; and, it must have power adequate to the enforse raent of the supreme law of the land in every. State. It is the first duty of the National.au thorities to stay the progress of anarchy and enforce the laws, and Pennsylvania with a united people, will give them an honest, faith ful and active support. The people moan to,' preserve the integrity' of the National Union at every hazard. ' , The Constitution which was originally framed to promote the welfare of thirteen States and four millions of people, in less than three quarters of a century has embraced thir ty-throe States and thirty' millions of.inhahi tants. Our territory' has been extended over now climates, including people with new in terests and wants, and the Government hits protected, them all. Every thing requisite to the perpetuity of the Union audits expanding power, would" seem to have been fprseon and provided for by the wisdqni and sagacity of the framers of the,Constitution. It is all wo desire.or hope for, mid nl| that our fellow-countrymen who complain, can rea sonably demand. It provides that amend ments may be proposed ,by Congress; and’ whenever tho necessity to amend shall occur, the people of Pennsylvania will give to the amendments which Congress may propose, the careful and deliberate consideration'which their importance may demand. Change isnot always progress, and a people who have lived so long, and enjoyed so much prosperity, - win) have so many sacred memories of the pSst, and such rich legacies to transmit to the fu ture, should deliberate long and seriously be fore thov attempt to alter any of tho.fiinda meutal principles of the great charter of o.ur liberties. , , I assume tho duties of tins high office.at tho | most trying period of our national history The public mind is agitated by fears, suspic ions, andjealousios. Soriousapprohonsionsof Clio future pervade tho people. A preconcer ted and organized effort has been mado fo dis turb the stability of Government, dissolve.the Union of tho States, and mar the symmetry and order of the noblest political structure ev er devised and constructed by human wisdom. It shall bo my earnest .endeavor to justify the confidence which you have reposed in me,- and to deserve your approbation,! "With a com soiousness of tho rectitude of my intentions, with no resentments to cherish, no enmities to avenge, no wish but the public good to grati fy, and with a profound sense of the solemnity of my position,T humbly invoke the assistance of our Heavenly Father,in whom alone is my dependence,'that His strength may sustain and His wisdom guide mo. With His divine aid I shall apply myself faithfully and fear lessly to my’responsible duties, and abide the judgment of a genoroud people, Invoking the blessing of tho.Gqd of our fa thers upon our State and nation, it shall bo the highest object of my ambition to contribute to the glory of the Commonwealth, maintain the civil and religious privileges of the people, and promote the union, prosperity, anil" happiness of the country. ♦ NO. 31 .'-xT
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers