VOL. 43. The Huntingdon Journal °glee in new JOURNAL Building, Fifth Street TIIE lIIJNTINGDON JOURNAL is published every Friday by J. A. Nasu, at 112,00 per annum IN ADVANCE, or $2.0 it not paid for iu six months from date of sub scription, and 13 if not paid within the year. No paper discontinued, unless at the option of the pub lisher, until all arroarages are paid. No paper, however, will be Brut out of the state unless absolutely paid for in advance. Transient advertisements will be inserted at TWELVE AND A-HtLF CENTS per line for the first insertion, SEVEN AND A-HALF CENTS fur the second and FIVE CENTS per line for all subsequent insertions. Regular quarterly and yearly basia3ss advertisements will be inserted at the following rates: , . 3m , 9m Iyr ; 13m16m I ; 9m i lyr 50 4 50 5 50' fl 0011 1 /col l 9 00118 00 1527 $36 2" 500 8001000 12 001%001118 00.36 001 50 65 1 700 10 00 11 00 I 1.8 00w i c.01134 00150 001 65 80 4 8 00 .14 0020 00j8 0011 c01i36 00160 001 801 100 All Resolutions of Associations, Communications: of limited or individual interest, all party announcements, and notices of Marriages and Deaths, exceeding five lines, will be chargodltsB CENTS per line. Legal and other notices will be charged to the party having them inserted. Advertising Agents must find their commission outside of these figures. All advertising accounts are due and collectable when the advertisement is once inserted. JOB PRINTING of every kind, Plain and Fancy Colors, done with neatness and dispatch. Ifand-bills, Blanks, Cards, Pamphlets, &c., of every variety and style, printed at the shortest notice, and everything in the Printing line will be executed in the most artistic manner and at the lowest rates. Professional Cards• lOffiORAINE ASHMAN, Attorney-at Law. ce : Nu. 405 Penu Street, Huntingdon, Pa. 4 July 18, Intl. lITM. P. & R. A. ORBISON, Attorneys-at-Law No. 321 1' Penn Street, Huntingdon, Pa. All time of legal business promptly attended to. 5ept.12,78, DR. G. B. HOTCHKIN, 825 Washington Street, Hun. tingdco. junel4-1878 TA CALDWELL, Attorney-at-Law, No. 111, Brd street. . Office formerly occupied by Messrs. Woods At Wil liamson. [apl2,'7l nit. A.B. BRUMBAUG /1, offers his professional services If to the comm.' nity. Office, N 0.523 Washington street, one door east of the Catholic Parsonage. Lian4,' 7l R. lIYSKILL has permanently located in Alexandria I/ to practice his profession. DanA '7B-Iy, C. STOCKTON, Surgeon Dentist. Office in Leister's .12/• building, in the room formerly occupied by Dr. E. .1 Greene, lluntiugdon, Pa. [apl2B, '7B. GRO. B. ORLADY, Attorney-at-Law, 405 Penn Street, Huntingdon, Pa. [n0v17,'75 G.L. ROBB, Dentist, office in S. T. Brown's new building, No. b2O, Penn Street, Duntingdon, Pa. :ap12:71 lIC. ADORN, Attoroey-at-Law. Office, No. —, Penn. • Street, Huntingdon, Pa. [apl9,ll JSYLVANIIS BLAIR, Attorney-at-Law, Huntingdon, . Pa. Office, Penn Street, three doors west of 3rd Street. [jan4,'7l j W. MATTERN, Attorney-at-Law and General Claim . Agent, Iturrtinzdon, Pa. Soldiers' claims against the Government for back-pay, bounty, widows' and invalid pensionH attended to with great care and promptness. Of fice on Penn Street. pan4,'7l_ T 3. (MISSING ER, Attorney-at-Law and Notary Public, 1.4. Huntingdon, Pa. Office, No. 230 Penn Street, oppo site Court House. 1feb5,71 SE. FLEMING, Attorney-at-Law, Huntingdon, Pa., . office in Monitor building, Penn Street. Prompt anti earefaL attention givtit to all legal business. [augs,74-6tuos New Advertisements. BROWN'S CARPET STORE, 525 PENN STREET, AST THE PLACE FOR HOUSEKEEPERS Si FRES STOCK ! NEW STYLES ! ! CARPETS, ALL GRADES AND AT PRICES THAT CAN NOT BE UNDERSOLD. FlTltl‘Tlrr LTR The Largest Stock and variety of Chairs, Beds, Tables, Chamber Suits, Lounges, ROCKERS, MOULDINGS, BRACKETS, &a., ever exhibited in Huntingdon county. WALL PAPER ! WALL PAPER ! In this department I have made important changes; procured the latest improved trimmer, and nay new styles and prices for 1879, can not fail to sait purchasers. Call and see. WINDOW SHADES and FIXTURES in great variety. Plain, satin and figured paper, plain or gilt band shading, spring and common fixtures. FLOOR OIL CLOTHS From 15 inches to 2i yards wide. Halls covered with one solid piece without joints. [Bring diagram and measurement.] For PICTURE FRAMES AND LOOKINC CLASSES, This is headquarters. Mattresses, Window Cornice, and anything in Ihe Cabinet or Upholstering line made to order or repaired promptly. UNDZETAIING Also added to the FURNITURE and CARPET BUSINESS Plain Coffins, Elegant Caskets and Burial Cases, WOOD OR LIGHT METALIC TO SUIT ALI., BURIAL ROBES IN VARIETY. FINE 1"1-4A21 1 M GLASS HEARSE Ready to attend funerals in town or country. My new clerk and traveling agent, FERDINAND Roca, will call briefly in the principal towns, villages and valleys of this and adjoining counties, with samples of Wall Paper, Carpets, Carpet Chain, and illustrations of Chairs and many kinds of Furniture, to measure rooms, &c., and receive orders for any goods in my line. If he should not reach you in time, do not wait, but coma direct to the store. JAMES 525 1 7 '.1\TINT TIT.TINIPING-EPCON, March 21,1579. There is no " Powder in the Cellar," TONS OF IT IN OUR MAGONE DuPont's Powder. WE ARE THE AGENTS FOR THE tttiliTt# J ' ) „- * SEND IN YOUR ORDERS. I'IMISTIRJ - Y . CgL CO_, HUNTINGDON, PA. Aprill 25, 1879. New Advertisements S. WOLF'S. HERE WE ARE ! At 6win's Old Stand, 505 PENN STREET. Not much on the blow, but always ready for work The largest and finest line of Clothing, Hats and Caps, GENTS.' FURNISHING GOODS, En town and at great sacrifice. Winter Goods 20 PER CENT. UNDER COST, Can and be convinced at S. WOLF'S, 505 Penn et. RENT AND EXPENSES REDUCED, At S. WOLF'S. I am better able to 3ell Clothing, Hats and Caps, Gents.' Fur► ishing ti nods, Trunks and Valises, CHEAPER than any other store in town. Call at Gwin's old stand. S MARCH, Agt. MONEY SAVED IS MONEY EARNED The Cheapest Place in lluntingdon to buy Cloth ing, Hats, Caps, and Gents: Furnishing Goods is at S. WOLF'S, 505 Penn street, one door west from Express Office. S. MATCH, Agent. TO THE PUBLIC.--I have removed my Cloth ing and Gents.' Furnishing Goode store to D. P. Gwin's old stand. Im...Expenses reduced and better bargains than ever can be got at S. Wolf's 505 Penn Street. March 28, 1879. BEAUTIFY YOUR II OM ES! The undersigned is prepared to do all kinds-of _ HOUSE AND SIGN PAINTING , Calcimining, Glazing, . Paper Hanging, and any and all work belonging to the business. Having had several years' experience, he guaran tees satisfaction to those who may employ him. PRICES 3.IOI3EIZATE. Orders may be left at the JOURNAL Book Store. J.OIIN L. ROULAND. March 14th, 1879-tf. New Advertisements. BROWN, A. I 3 UT '1'1I1 , :111 7 : AflJ he untingdon Journal. -AND 15791 Ely 06' *rout. Fifty Years Ago BY E. A. KIIiGSBUItY Tall hollyhocks, and pinks, and rue, And roses various, and violets grew, With other fragrant herbs and flowers In well-kept beds and rustic bowers. At early dawn and dewy eve, In snowy cap, with upturned sleeve, In petticoat of homespun wool, And short-gown trim, and clean, and cool, Our grandmother would deftly dig Around those plants, both small and big, Their names and needs she seemed to know And this was fifty years ago. Her checkered apron, full and long. Was made of linen, good and strong, Her neckerchief in many a fold Lay o'er her bosom. All this toll The frugal housewife, nice and neat, From crown of head to sole of feet, And as she weeded, clay by day, And dug and pruned, a simple lay Which to our memory is more dear Than aught we since have chanced to hear, Of olden times, she warbled low, And this was fifty years ago. The house was large, and one back rootn Contained a spinning-wheel and lowa, And oards for making rolls, and reel That measured skeins, and little wheel Where she would sit with linen thread Between her fingers, while the tread - Of her ligot feet kept time meanwhile With sweet tunes, tending to beguile The busy hours. And at her feet We loved to sit. 'Twas a great treat To watch the fine thread come and go, And this was fifty years ago. The log behind the blazing fire, The crane and hooks susp nded higher, The two brick ovens, one iaeide The chim• ey jamb, 'twas deep and wide To hole .ne turkeys, puddings, pies, For festal days; of smaller size, The other stood outside the jamb, And baked each week bread, beans and lamb, The clean and nicely sanded floor, The corner buffet with glass door Displaying china ; a rare show, But this was fifty years ago. Fifty long years ! Within that time e've wandered far from clime to clime, Seen many a grand and stately thing; But nothing such delight would bring As one more look at that elm tree, 'Neath which our play-house used to be, The old clock, straight and dark, and tall, With burnished face and silver call, Telling the hours that merrily On swift-winged minutes flitted by, • Was prized most highly, you must know; And this was fifty years ago. —From the Woman's Journal. torg-Etlicr. THE OLD SCHOOL-BOUSE. It stood by itself on the outskirts of the village, and had now fallen into decay. The old porch through which we entered was broken down, and no longer the honey suckle clambered ov . er . the ,sides There was an air of gloomy desolation about the place, and the moaning doves in the trees without added to - the gloomy picture. The desks itnd teaches - were -still there, but covered with dust, and , the spiders bad hung their drapery over them. The teach er's table, raised on a platform, still stood, and the inkstand black and dry, had nev er been removed. The Bible, from whose pages the ezercises of theAulmlll were al ways opened, was in its accustomed place, but like everything else, covered with dust and mould. Twenty years before, when a very young boy, I had sat marks days and months con ning my le ss ons in that old school-room. It was a different place then. The warm sun light came through the windows, and the balmy breezes crept in laden with the perfume of the flowers without. The but ter flies darted in and out of the windows, and the hummingbirds. hovered around the honeysuckle which clambered over the porch. The stream that dashed over its rocky bed made a weird music which min gled with the rustling of the leaves of the tall-trees without. The teacber was a pale faced, dark, sad eyed woman, not more than twenty-two years old, with a gentle manner that seem ed almost hopeless. She had come to the village a stranger and opened the school. She called herself Mrs. Ray, and boarded with the wife of the sexton of the church. She evinced but little inclination for socia bility with the villagers, and generally re fused all invitations to social gatherings. She was evidently a woman of culture and refinement, accustomed to moving in polite circles; and how she ever came to drift into our quiet, little, out of village it was hard to tell. She happened to come just at the time we needed a school, the old teacher having died, and so, in a short time, her school was full. :he was very gentle and the pupils learned to love ber. ller very gentleness proved a restraininc , force, and the rough est boy bent readily to the rule of Mrs. Ray. It worried us, however, to see her so sad, and we noticed, too, at any unusual noise, or sudden appearing of the parents in the schoolroom, her dark eyes would assume an eager startled look, and her white face would turn still. whiter. Twenty years had rolled away since, as a little boy, I had gone to•school to Mrs. Ray. I had left the village for the city, and now, for the first time, had come to visit the home of my childhood. "Well, John," I said to the old sexton, "let ui take a walk now to old the school room." "Ah, sir, many is the day any one has been there. It is never opened now, and is fast falling to decay," said John. "And Mrs. Ray, John ; what become of the pale, dark.eyed teacher ?" "Did you never hear, sir, the terrible story ?" I shook my head. "Ah, sir, that was a terrible thing. We had to shut up the school room because the children refused to go there, and so we built a new one. The building fell to de cay, and the flowers around it died, and the weeds grew apace. It is very desolate there, sir." "And what became of Mrs. Ray I" By this time we had reached the old school house, and having entered, were looking around. "We'll dust this bench, John, and sit down, and you can tell me the story of Mrs. Ray." The sun was just sinking behind the hills when we took our seats amid the dust and cobwebs of the old school room. It seemed to me that I could see the sweet, pale face Of Mrs. Ray clearly defined against the dark background of the gloomy place, and hear the gentle tones of her voice. "Well, sir," said the old sexton, "It was a terrible day when we found Mrs. Ray lying dead in the school room, her throat cut, and her dress covered with blood. The children ran home and told the news, and the villagers hastened there; but she was dead, air, and all we could do was to pick her up and carry her to my house, where she boarded." "Did she cut her own throat ?" "Oh, no, sir; it must have been done by a stranger who spent a night in the HUNTINGDON, PA), FR village, and who was heard e to inquire if a person answering the description of Mrs. Ray lived here. You see her name was not Mrs. Ray at all, but Mrs. Mandeville. The man was not seen the next day, and was never heard of again." "What reason could he have for mur dering her ?" "Mrs. Ray told her story to my wife. She had been engaged to be married to a young man who was por, and who her father did not wish her to marry. He wanted her to marry Colonel Mandeville, who was rich and influential. Then the story reached her that the one she loved had married a lady in England ,where he had gone to visit his father, and she felt desperate when she saw it in the newspa per. She married Colonel Mandeville, but she was not happy with him because she did not love him, and be was a fiery tempered man, and she was afraid of him. In one of his rages he told her one day that the young man she loved was not mar ried at all, and that he and her father had caused the marriage notice to appear in the papers, and intercepted all their letters to each other. Then Mrs. Mandeville to'd him that there was no forgiveness in her heart for him ; that she never wished to see him again, or her father either, for they had broken her heart. When the young man had heard of her treachery in marrying another when she bad promised to marry him, he wrote her a terrible let ter, upbraiding her. lie grew sort of mel ancholy, and one day he was found dead in his room ;be had shot himself. Mrs. Mandeville stole from her house one night when her husband was out, and made her way here, because she knew that it was an out of the-way place, and none would he apt to find her. She lived in this village two years, and we all learned to love her, she was so gentle and so kind. But my wife says she looked terrible, so white, and her eyes flashed whenever she spoke of her father and husband, and she used to say, "I never can, I never intend to forgive them, Mrs. Morrison ; no, never ! never !" We can form no idea how her husband traced her here—for we supposed that Abe man was her husband—although we had no clue to him after he left the village. The children had left Mrs. Mandeville putting on her bonnet to leave the school. room, and that was the last time she was seen alive. Her bonnet was lying beside her when we found her dead, all bloody and crumpled. Poor young lady I It was a terrible sight to see her lying there, her eyes wide open and filled with an expres sion of fright and agony. I think, sir, that it would have been better if she could have forgiven those who did her the great wrong; but she -said there was not one atom of forgiveness in her heart, that she would rather die than to say the word for give to her father and her husband." The sun had fairly gone down behind the bills when the old sexton finished his story. The shadows enveloped the old school house in dusky dimness; we quietly arose and walked out, glad to leave behind a place haunted with such sad memories. No doubt, as the old sexton said, it would have been better to have been forgiving, for forgiveness, like charity, covers a mul titude of sins. *tied ctitaq. Care of the Eyes. The sight in most persons begins to fail from forty to . fifty years of age, as is evi denced by an instinctive preference fur large print. Says the 'Scientific : "Favor the failing sight as much as pos. sible. Looking into a bright fire, especially a coal fire, is very injurious to the eyes, as they are obliged to make great exertion. Reading or sewing by a side light injures the eyes, as both should be exposed to an equal degree of lightr The reason is, the sympathy between the eyes is so great that if the pupil of one is dilated by being kept partially in the shade, the one that is most exposed cannot contract itself sufficiently for protection, and will ultimately be in jured. Those who wish to preserve their sight should observe the following rules, and preserve their general health by cor rect habit : 1. By sitting in such a position as will allow the light to fall obliquely over the shoulder upon the page or sewing. 2. By not using the eyes_for such pur poses by an artificial light. 3. By avoiding the special use of the eyes in the morning before breakfast. 4. By resting them for half a minute or so while reading or sewing or looking at small objects ; by looking at things at a distance, or up to the sky, relief is im mediately felt. 5. Never pick any collected matter from the eyelashes or corners of the eyes with the finger nails; rather moisten it with the saliva and rub it away with the ball of the finger. G. Frequently pas the ball of the fin ger over the closed eyelids towards the nose ; this carries off an excess of water into the nose itself by means of the little canal which leads into the nostrils from each inner corner of the eyes, this canal having a tendency to close up in copse quence of the slight inflammation which attends weakness of the eyes. 7. Keep the feet always dry and warm, so as to draw any excess of blood from the other end of the body. 8. Use eyeglasses at first carried in the vest pocket attached to a guard, for they are instantly adjusted to the eye with very little trouble, whereas, if common specta cles'are used such a process is required to get them ready that to save trouble the eyes are often strained to answer a pur pose. - 9. Wash the eyes abundantly every morning. If cold water' is used let it be flapped against the closed eyes with the fingers, not striking bard against the balls of the eyes. 10. The moment the eyes feel tired, the very mcment you arc conscious of an ef fort to read or sew, lay aside the book or needle, and take a walk of an hour, or em ploy yourself in some active exercise not requiring the close use of the eyes " AN Irishman, newly engaged, present ed to his master one morning a pair of pboots, the leg of one of which was much larger than the other. "How comes it, you rascal, that these boots are not of the same length ?" "I really don't know, sir ; but what bothers me most is that the pair down stairs are in the same fix." AN idle young man was complainincr ' to a prosperous friend that although he had tried his luck in all sorts of fairs and lot teries, be had never been able to draw any thing. "Indeed," said his friend, "Well, suppose you try a hand cart ? You can draw that." DAY SEPTEMBER 5, 1879. Arabian Horses. , A recent traveller who has visited the Arabs both :n Northern Africa and in the great desert which lies between Palestine and Persia, gives a very interesting ac count of rabian horses. The vast plains of Mesopotamia, which afford perennial pastures and water sufficient for herds, were almost certainly one of the regions where the horse was found in a wild state and tamed for the use of man. The wild ass is even now captured in the same Wintry. Arab tradition makes Ishmael the first horse-tamer. The oldest breed is said to have been thus established by him, and is called the Ahwaj. From this ancient stock descended the Kehilans, so called from the black marks certain Arab horses have around their eyes. These have certainly been a distinct breed for many centuries, and were probably the parent stock from which four other breeds have descended. These four with the Kehilans are called the Khanisa. The lineage of Arab horses is counted from the dam, and the stock is asserted to have been kept without ad mixture with any other than pure Arab blood for a very long period. The Bedouin horse stands fourteen to fifteen hands high, and his general shape is like that of the English thoroughbred, except that he is smaller. The head of the Arab, however, is larger in proportion, the chief difference being in the depth of the jowl and the width between the cheek bones, which is decidedly greater in the Arabian. The head of the Arabian is set on at a freer angle than the English horse ; and this with the width of the cheek bones gives him a better windpipe and more ease at breathing. "The ears are fine and beautifully shaped, but not small." The eye is mild, large and prominent, and the muzzle email The Arabians vary in color. Perhaps out of a hundred mares thirty-five would be bay, thirty gray, fifteen chestnut, and the rest brown or black. The speed of the Arab is greater than that of the English racer in proportion to size, but actually less. The Arabian is a bold jumper. One brought to England, the first time she was turned out into the park cleared a fence five feet six inches high. Afterwards the lower rails were pulled down and she walked under the up per one which she had leaped so readily. The Bedouins scarcely ever run their horses far in a straight line, and their rate of speed is not known. They have great endurance, and over a distanc3 of twenty miles would probably outrun almost any European horse. They may be ridden day after day, fed only upon grass, and yet not lose heart but keep in good condition. They are often "insufficiently fed, and go for days at a time without water." They aro very gentle and show no signs of fear. Those brought to England do not wince at fire arms, though unused to them, nor shy at railway trains or sudden noises. In the desert they often come up to their masters and use them as a rubbing post, so tamiliar are they. First class anima's are very few com pared to the whole stock, for the Bedouin takes care only that the breed shall be pure, and makes very little account of quality. The young colts are tied to-a tent-rope and played with by the children. At a month old the colt is taken from its dam and fed upon camels' milk As soon as it is a year old it is mounted a little by the children, being perfectly tame, and before three years old it is put to really hard riding, though not taken out upon the forays of the tribe. Although this, with its often lack of food, rather stints the growth, the Bedouins assert that only in this way can the animals acquire the hardy endurance necessary. The Bedouin horses have few diseases, and are especially free from defects of the breathing organs. In winter they pass the piercing cold nights uncovered, and without other shelter than standing on the lee side of the tents. Their coats be- come long and shaggy, and when the new coat comes in the spring they look ragged, half starved, and as rough as ponies. In summer, however, their coats are as soft and fine as satin. The Bedouin uses no saddle, only a pad of cotton kept on by a circingle, and with out stirrups. Neither has he a bridle, but guides his mare by a halter with a fine chain passing around the nose. The Bedouin is very proud of his ani mal, even if he does not love her much, and parts with her more from necessity than choice.—Friends' The Charm of True Marriage. Our advanced theories of divorce and free love making the matrimonial relation merely a partnership to be dissolved at pleasure, whatever else may be said in their favor, strike a deadly blow at an ele ment in it which was meant perhaps to be supreme above all others. What is the sweetest charm of all true marriage, what the greatest advantage, what the most priceless happiness, take life through, which it brings to the human heart ? Not the flush and splendor of its early love ; not the richer development which it brings to the character ; not even the children who are gathered around its shi ine. No, but the intimacy and reliability of its companionship ; the fact that it gives those who enter in it, each in the other and through all scenes and changes, a near and blessed standby. Marriage in some of its respects is doubtless the source of an immense amount of unhappiness, crime, injustice, blight and down draggiag, one of the most perplexing institutions society has to deal with ; only the blindest senti mentalist will deny that. On the other hand, however, that is not mere sentiment, but sober fact, of all the evidence of God's goodness to be found in this lower world, all the proofs that He cares fur us, not only with the wisdom of a Creator but with the interest and love of a Father, there is not quite equal to his sending human beings into the arena of life, not to fight its battles, win its victories and en dure its sorrows alone, but giving them, as they go forth out of their childhood's home, a relation in which each two of them are bound together with the closest of all ties, live together under the same roof', have their labors, their property, their interests, their parental affections all in common, and arc moved to stand by each other, hand to hand, and heart to heart, in every sorrow, misfortune, trial and stormy day that earth can bring. It is an ideal, if not always realized in full, which is tasted even now, amid all that is said about mar riage miseries, more widely perhaps than any other happiness.—Sundull ✓9fternoon. A BOSTON man was cursing an editor the other day when he fell dead. Several similar instances have been lately reported. Men should be careful in speaking of any thing sacred. Facts about Drinking. Americans take high rank among the people of the world as coffee drinkers. Re cent statistics place the amount of coffee used per capita each year in different parts of Europe as follows : Russia, one-fifth of a pound; Great Britain and Italy, one pound ; Austria Hungary, one and one-half' pounds; France, three and three fifth pounds; Germany, four and one-half pounds; Denmark, five pounds; Switzer land, six and three fourth pounds , Hol land, seven pounds ; and Belgium nearly nine pounds. The consumption of genuine coffee in the United States during the year 1878, was about seven pounds for each man, woman and child, or about five times as large an amount of coffee as'of tea. The consumption of bogus "coffee" also amount ed to one or two pounds per capita. The use of coffee throughout the world has in• creased in large ratio during the past forty years, and the present requirement for all nations is estimated at 850,000,000 pounds per annum, against 490.000,000 per an num from 1840 to 1850. An increased use of coffee does not necessarily mean a decreased consumption of other beverages. As will be seen by the statistics above, the Germans,who are particularly distinguished as beer drinkers, are also prominent coffee drinkers; and the French, who are some : what noted wine bibbers, also drink con siderable coffee. The champion beer drinkers of the world are undoubtedly the people of Bavaria, who drink 1471 gallons of beer per head, for which they $13.50. The total outlay in Bavaria for this bever age is more than $65,000,000 per annum. The figures given fbr the two principal cities of Bavaria—Nurewburg and Munich —and for Ingolstadt are still larger per capita. The former city has a population of about 90,000, and consumes annually 212 gallons for each inhabitant. This is an average expense to each person of about $l9; total about $1,700,000. The popu• lation of Munich i about 175,000; the beer drank per person annually is about 248 gallons ; this is an average expense of' about $23 30. Total about $3,900,000. Ingolstadt, with a population of only about 15,000, expends annually for its favorite drink about $715,000. This is an aver age to each inhabitant of about $47.60, with an average consumption of about 528 gallons. The average consumption of lager beer in the United States is less than a quarter of a barrel per capita per annum, though the use of this beverage in place of stronger liquids is constantly increasing. The average consumption of tea is about a pound and a half per annum ; of wine but a little more than a quart, and of whisky, gin and rum nearly two gallons. A vast amount of capital. and labor finds employ ment in supplying the human family with its various beverages, some of which cheer and some inebriate. —,,-...—.—. The Problem of Intemperance. A writer in the Sunday Afternoon dis-, cussing the increase of intemperance, and seeking about for a plausible theory to ac count for it, says : As long as the American people consume such quantities of stimulating and highly seasoned food as they do, they will want to imbibe stimulating drinks. Stimulat ing food and stimulating drinks necessarily go together. The one is the concomitant on the other. Many a man who seasons his dinner liberally with the contents of the castor excites in his system a thirst for something stronger than cold water. Not that cold water would not be the best thing with which to extinguish the fire he has kindled within the vital domain by the use of such hot, stimulating condi ments, but that is too insipid. Having partaken of such highly seasoned food he craves a drink equally stimulating. Inebriates the world over are great con sumers of flesh meat, and they also make excessive use of condiments. Our atten tion was first directed to this fact in visit ing at inebriate asylums and sanitariums for the cure of the intemperate, where were congregated large numbers of them ; and eating at the same table with them for days, and iu one case for several weeks, this feature was so striking and so univer sal that it forced itself upon our attention. And no one, we think, in the same cir cumstances, could fail to notice it. We have always observed that the in mates of these institutions were, most of them, hearty eaters, especially of animal food. Beef, too, was preferred to mutton and other kinds, as being the most stimu lating kind of animal food. And this was usually seasoned libeifally with mustard. Pepper was used abundantly with almost everything else. At the New York State inebriate asy lum when Dr. Day was superintendent, he felt compelled to banish Worcestershire sauce wholly from the table, owing to the extravagant use that was made of it. And during the incumbency of Dr. Dodge, his successor, the cayenne was removed from the castor for the same reason. Jefferson's Rules. Thomas Jefferson's rules are short and concise, and embody so much of value that it would be well if they were clipped and put where we c)uld see them often. They are as follows : 1. Never put off till to morrow what you can do to day. 2. Never trouble another fur what you can do yourself. 2 Never spend your money before you have it. ____ 4. Never buy what you do not want be cause it is cheap. 5. Pride costs more than hunger, thirst and cold. 6 We seldom repent of having eaten too little. . 7. Noth i ng is troublesome that we do willingly. 8. How much pain the evils have cost us that have never happened. 9. Take things always by the smooth handle. JONES was assaulted by his tailor : "I really cannot understand why you do not pay me nay little bill. You had a good salary and it has been raised." "Yes." "And you promised me faithfully that you would pay me out of the amount you saved from your extra allowance." "Precisely." "Then you have lied to me, for you haven't paid me the first red revalue." "Not at all—l haven't saved anything from my extra allowance. When 4 do, I'll pay you." _ _ "BUT you know, pa," said a farmer's tlaughter, when he spoke to her about the addresses of a neighbor's son, "you know, pa, that ma wants me to marry a man of culture." "So do I, my dear, so do I, and there's no better culture in the country than agriculture." Aistory. THE OLD FOOT- MINTS OF THE 1:ECED111; RED MIN, AND TIIE Ellll,l 1,110-IiIRKS OF THE COMINGIIHITE 11. N WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO The Juniata Reg ion. BY PROF. A. L. BUSS, OF HUNTINGDON, P.,. ' Ti 4 good to niture on Natio. pon<eof (may Forever from the land ice call our own. ARTICLE XX. CHAMPLAIN'S EXPLORATIONS In 160 S Champlain sailed up the St. Lawrence river, and commenced the French settlement at Quebec. In 1609 he joined a pirty of Algonquin Indians, who came from the Ottawa river, and met the Iro quois (Mohawks) in battle, on the western border or the Lake that has since borne his name. The Mohawks, being frightened at the sound of fire arms, were easily de feated, but the hatred to the French, here imbibed, became hereditary, and all the ingenuity of the Jesuits could never eradi cate it. Trifling as it may seem, it was a ripple that rose to a wave, and culminated_ into a billow, that eventually drove the ship of French dominion out of water high on the breakers, one hundred and fifty-five years afterwards . EXPEDITION AGAINST THE IROQ1701„9, Champlain spent many years in explor ing through tipper Uanatla, and the re gions of the lakes. It. is claimed he pen etrated 500 leagues inland and visited Lake Huron and the regions at Detroit. In 1615, he again went with an expedition agaiiwt the Iroquois (Onondag,as). It consisted of a combined force of Hurons and Algonquins, and started from Lake Situcoe, near Lake Huron, and passing down in boats by a series of lakes, rivers and portages, they crossed the east end of Lake Ontario, and then hiding their boats, they penetrated the interior of New York State, where they met the enemy hi a for tified town. SENDS BRULE' TO THE SUSQUEIIINNA Before starting out Champlain says, they "held a consultation for the selection of the most resolute men of the troop to carry advice of our departure to those who were to assist, and join us with 500 men, in order that we may meet at the same time before the enemy's fort." So they dispatched twelve Hurons, and one of Champlain's interpreters, named Etienne (Stephen) Brule', a Frenchman, with these Indians. Their task was to cross the enemy's country, and reach a nation then living on the head waters of the Susque• hanna river, who were hostile to the Iro quois, and had agreed to provide the 500 men to assist the Hurons and their Cana dian Algonquin Allies. It throws a flood of light on the history of Indian affairs in Pennsylvania, to have it established, that there were, at this date, nations imme diately smith of the Iroquois, who were of kindred blood, and yet in common with the Hurons, were at war with the Iroquois. It is a stepping stone to a proper under standing of the Indian history of' Pennsyl vania. The nation visited by Brule' are called the CARANTOUANDIS. (The French II is pronounced like our w.) The word means Great to men, or the Stout warriors. HIS BOOR AND Hlg MAP., In 1619, ClAmplain, published, in Paris, a narrative of his explorations, including an account of Brulet's story of his adven tures southward into Pennsylvania. Anoth er edition of Champlain's narratives was published in 1632; but in this condensed edition the account of Brule' was mostly omitted. Hence it has been but little known. The latter edition, however, was set off with rude pictures of Champlain's conflicts with the Indian, and a map of the country explored, and the route traveled to the Onondaga fort. The map gives Niagara as a very high waterfall, descend ing which various 'sorts of fish become dizzy. It has a queer mixture, as was the case with many of the ancient maps, of names in French, Dutch, English, Latin, Indian other tongues. He lays down Hud son Bay as near the St. Lawrence river, with a nate at the bottom, saying : "The bay wher Hudson did wente." BRULE' AMONG THE CARANTOUONAIS. Brute' arrived at the Carantouonais in safety, but failed to reach Champlain at the fort in time ; the latter having been wounded and defeated, retreated two days before the arrival of Brule''s reinforce ments. The Onondagas, whose fort they assailed, are called dntouohonorons, the People surpassing all others. They after wards kept up the war on this enemy south of tbeat, until they completely exterminated them. Brule' returned with them, how ever, to their chief town, where he spent the winter, and the next summer descended file Susquehanna to the sea, visiting the various tribes on the river, but has left no record of any value, except as to the Car antouaonais, who are said to be strongly lodged and friends to all others. However, the Susquehanna along its entire length was inhabited and the various tribes were distinct from, and inimical to, the Iroquois. THEIR. STRENGTH AT THAT TIME Brule' states distinctly that the chief town of the Carantouannais could muster 800 warriors, and that they had two other towns, which, allowing them to be even less than half as large, would give them at least a force of 1500 warriors. The Sas quesahanoughs, noticed by Capt. Smith certainly numbered as many warriors as they had five towns. Take into considera tion the nations on the West Branch, and on the Juniata, and other smaller branches, and along the main river between the Sas quesahanoughs .and the Carantouannais, and a moderate estimate must make these nations of Iluron-Iroquois stock, in Penn sylvania, number 6,000 to 8,000 warriors, which is more than twice the numbor that the Iroquois Confederacy of New York ever had in its palmiest days. What be came of them is the story that is to be re vealed in the, future numbers of these sketches. CHARACTER OF THIS NATION We have proven now that at this early day there were people hostile to the Iro quois ittmediately south of them. From them we may infer the existence and fate of others still farther south. The exact location of the three Canantouannais towns, has been a matter of some difference of opinion. Some have erroneously supposed the Carantoyennis a branch of the Eries. Others have Adefinitely classed them with what the French in later days called An dastes. There can be nu reasonable doubt, however, that they were a separate nation• ality and probably a union of three tribes. Champlain himself says : "They arc only three villages in the midst of more than twenty others, against which they wage wars, not being able to receive as sistance from their friends, especially us they must pass through the country of the Chotiontonaronon, which is very populous, or else go a great way around." The in tervening hostile populous country, around which they had to pass, was evidently the Sonontowans or Senecas. Ile also says the Carantowanois were south of the Anton honorons three days distant. . _LC' -,1-.-- WHERE THEY WERE LOCATED. The location of their largest town where Brule' wintered, has been fixed by Gen. John S. Clark, of :burn, New York, as at the so called Spanish Hill, near Waverly, N. Y. The second village he locates at the juncture of Sugar Creek and the Sus• quehanna a mile and a halt' above Towan da, Pa., and the third town near Elmira, N. Y., or at Wyalusing, Pa. The large town, CARANTOUAN, appears only ou Champlain's map. The second town was visited the next year, 1716, by three dutchmen, who called it OOEIIAGE as wilt be fully set forth when we come to notice their astonishing exploits. The location of the town assailed has been a matter of dispute among learned men, but the late researches of Gen. Clark, revealing an old Onondago town site, at the town of Fen ner, Madison County, N. Y., leaves no room for further controversy, that locality answering Champlain's description corn pletely. YAMOYDE?f, NEW WEAPONS ENCOUNTERED. Champlain boasts that "I shewed them what they never saw or heard before," that is muskets. It was the first time that this midde head Dation of the Iroquois. had smelled gunpowder and heard the thunder of fire arms, and witnessed the magical effects. During the somewhat protracted contest, they had some conver sation with those within the palisades.— Champlain's statement is remarkable. Ile says they called out "telling us by way of persuasion not to meddle in their fights, and that their enemies had very little courage to require our assistance—with many other such discourses." This illus tration of Iroquois pluck ought to have been a just rebuke to Champlain for ma king war on a nation that had done him no harm. In a picture lie represents a movable scaffolding, which he had con structed and moved up towards the palis ades, and on which he placed a few men with the muskets to fire over the fortifica tions, and drive away those defending from that point, while his men made a breach in the enclosure; but the lack of steady courage in his allies, and the obstinate de• fence, forced him at length, being wounded to be carried away during a hasty retreat, which they managed successfully. OTHER TRIBES DESCRIBED. Among the other nations named by Champlain are the Petuns, or Tobacco nation, in Upper Canada, who had large villages enclosed with timber fortifications and raiFed large quantities of tobacco and corn. The Quieunontates, (Tionontatea or Dionnondadies,) north of Lake Erie. The Neutral Nation, or Attinonidos, who wage no war, except on the Assistague• ronons, or Five nation, afterwards called Mascoutins. The Autouho-norons are 15 villages, built in strong positions, who cul tivate lands, and are enemies to all except the Neutral nation and the Hirocois or Yroquois. This latter term he does not use generically, but applies it rather to the Mohawks, not understanding the Con federacy. He also mentions the Cheveaux releves, savages whom Father Sagami calls Andatarouats, who '-wear their hair topped up in front," an expression that much re minds us of the cock's combs, mentioned by Capt. Smith, among the Sasquesahan nocks. These nations, here only named, will be more fully described in the future. THE FATE OF BRULE' Brule' had an eventful life. He did not see Champlain again for near two years. In attempting to cross the Iroquois coun• try, he was taken prisoner, and his torture was commenced. lie threatened them with the vengeance of heaven. A clap of thunder, with vivid lightning, SOUS re garded as the fulfilment of the threat. Ile was released, cured of his wounds, and es corted out of their country. Afterwards he lived among the Hurons like a thorough Indian ; but some how at last gave them offence, when they killed and ate him. It' Capt. Smith did not come up the Susque hanna river, in 1608, above the State hoe. then Stephen Brule' was the first white man, of whom we have any knowledge that entered Pennsylvania. Beyond all ques tion, the few brief facts given by him, of the condition of Indian affairs in this State, at this date, are very interesting. ACCOUNTS FROM TIIE FRENCH From the days of Champlain, the history of the French settlements in Canada and about the lakes and down the western rivers, has been pretty well preserved. Several historians published works of value, such as La Houtan, Charlevoix, Sagard and others. The French were not settlers fur farming, as were the English. It was military occupation for trade with the na tives, and stations of Jesuit missionaries for the conversion of the Indians. One or more of these Jesuits was with each tribe. and their accounts of their progress, in the form of reports to their superiors, were yearly published in Paris, from 1656 to 1684, and are called Relations. From these we get our earliest information of the condition of affairs among the Indians in Pennsylvania. Those among the Iro quois make frequent references to their war parties down the Susquehanna and its branches. We shall have occasion to re fer to some of these accounts hereafter. WHOM THEY CALL ANDASTES. The French in speaking of the nations south of the Iroquois mostly called them by the generic title of Andantes or En dastes, Andastoges or Andostages. All of these southern tribes were hostile to the Iroquois and the name denoted any or all of them indiPerimioately. It may tnoz-t likely have at first denoted a nation on the heads of the West Branch and Allegheny rivers and southeast of the Eries and after their extermination was applied to any other tribes found iu that direction. So, in time, those on the lower river called by the English, Sasquebannocks, were the same as the French termed 'Andastes.— Hence it is hard sometimes to determine what tribe is intended. for the term was loosely applied and vaguely set down on the maps. As there were no missionaries among these Pennsylvania tribes, much of the condition of affairs can be only in ferred from general principles and com parison with known facts of other nations under similar circumstances. ( Tu be continued.) NO. 35.
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