VOL. 43.
The Huntingdon Journal
°glee in new JOURNAL Building, Fifth Street
TIIE lIIJNTINGDON JOURNAL is published every
Friday by J. A. Nasu, at 112,00 per annum IN ADVANCE,
or $2.0 it not paid for iu six months from date of sub
scription, and 13 if not paid within the year.
No paper discontinued, unless at the option of the pub
lisher, until all arroarages are paid.
No paper, however, will be Brut out of the state unless
absolutely paid for in advance.
Transient advertisements will be inserted at TWELVE
AND A-HtLF CENTS per line for the first insertion, SEVEN
AND A-HALF CENTS fur the second and FIVE CENTS per line
for all subsequent insertions.
Regular quarterly and yearly basia3ss advertisements
will be inserted at the following rates:
, .
3m , 9m Iyr ; 13m16m I ; 9m i lyr
50 4 50 5 50' fl 0011 1 /col l 9 00118 00 1527 $36
2" 500 8001000 12 001%001118 00.36 001 50 65
1 700 10 00 11 00 I 1.8 00w i c.01134 00150 001 65 80
4 8 00
.14 0020 00j8 0011 c01i36 00160 001 801 100
All Resolutions of Associations, Communications: of
limited or individual interest, all party announcements,
and notices of Marriages and Deaths, exceeding five lines,
will be chargodltsB CENTS per line.
Legal and other notices will be charged to the party
having them inserted.
Advertising Agents must find their commission outside
of these figures.
All advertising accounts are due and collectable
when the advertisement is once inserted.
JOB PRINTING of every kind, Plain and Fancy Colors,
done with neatness and dispatch. Ifand-bills, Blanks,
Cards, Pamphlets, &c., of every variety and style, printed
at the shortest notice, and everything in the Printing
line will be executed in the most artistic manner and at
the lowest rates.
Professional Cards•
lOffiORAINE ASHMAN, Attorney-at Law.
ce : Nu. 405 Penu Street, Huntingdon, Pa.
4
July 18, Intl.
lITM. P. & R. A. ORBISON, Attorneys-at-Law No. 321
1' Penn Street, Huntingdon, Pa. All time of legal
business promptly attended to. 5ept.12,78,
DR. G. B. HOTCHKIN, 825 Washington Street, Hun.
tingdco. junel4-1878
TA CALDWELL, Attorney-at-Law, No. 111, Brd street.
. Office formerly occupied by Messrs. Woods At Wil
liamson. [apl2,'7l
nit. A.B. BRUMBAUG /1, offers his professional services
If to the comm.' nity. Office, N 0.523 Washington street,
one door east of the Catholic Parsonage. Lian4,' 7l
R. lIYSKILL has permanently located in Alexandria
I/ to practice his profession. DanA '7B-Iy,
C. STOCKTON, Surgeon Dentist. Office in Leister's
.12/•
building, in the room formerly occupied by Dr. E.
.1 Greene, lluntiugdon, Pa. [apl2B, '7B.
GRO. B. ORLADY, Attorney-at-Law, 405 Penn Street,
Huntingdon, Pa. [n0v17,'75
G.L. ROBB, Dentist, office in S. T. Brown's new building,
No. b2O, Penn Street, Duntingdon, Pa. :ap12:71
lIC. ADORN, Attoroey-at-Law. Office, No. —, Penn.
• Street, Huntingdon, Pa. [apl9,ll
JSYLVANIIS BLAIR, Attorney-at-Law, Huntingdon,
. Pa. Office, Penn Street, three doors west of 3rd
Street. [jan4,'7l
j W. MATTERN, Attorney-at-Law and General Claim
. Agent, Iturrtinzdon, Pa. Soldiers' claims against the
Government for back-pay, bounty, widows' and invalid
pensionH attended to with great care and promptness. Of
fice on Penn Street. pan4,'7l_
T 3. (MISSING ER, Attorney-at-Law and Notary Public,
1.4. Huntingdon, Pa. Office, No. 230 Penn Street, oppo
site Court House. 1feb5,71
SE. FLEMING, Attorney-at-Law, Huntingdon, Pa.,
. office in Monitor building, Penn Street. Prompt
anti earefaL attention givtit to all legal business.
[augs,74-6tuos
New Advertisements.
BROWN'S
CARPET STORE,
525 PENN STREET,
AST THE PLACE FOR HOUSEKEEPERS
Si
FRES STOCK ! NEW STYLES ! !
CARPETS,
ALL GRADES AND AT PRICES THAT CAN NOT BE UNDERSOLD.
FlTltl‘Tlrr LTR
The Largest Stock and variety of
Chairs, Beds, Tables, Chamber Suits, Lounges,
ROCKERS, MOULDINGS, BRACKETS, &a., ever exhibited in Huntingdon county.
WALL PAPER ! WALL PAPER !
In this department I have made important changes; procured the latest improved trimmer, and nay
new styles and prices for 1879, can not fail to sait purchasers. Call and see.
WINDOW SHADES and FIXTURES
in great variety. Plain, satin and figured paper, plain or gilt band shading, spring and
common fixtures.
FLOOR OIL CLOTHS
From 15 inches to 2i yards wide. Halls covered with one solid piece without joints. [Bring diagram
and measurement.] For
PICTURE FRAMES AND LOOKINC CLASSES,
This is headquarters. Mattresses, Window Cornice, and anything in Ihe Cabinet or Upholstering line
made to order or repaired promptly.
UNDZETAIING
Also added to the FURNITURE and CARPET BUSINESS
Plain Coffins, Elegant Caskets and Burial Cases,
WOOD OR LIGHT METALIC TO SUIT ALI., BURIAL ROBES IN VARIETY.
FINE 1"1-4A21 1 M GLASS HEARSE
Ready to attend funerals in town or country. My new clerk and traveling agent, FERDINAND
Roca, will call briefly in the principal towns, villages and valleys of this and adjoining counties,
with samples of Wall Paper, Carpets, Carpet Chain, and illustrations of Chairs and many kinds of
Furniture, to measure rooms, &c., and receive orders for any goods in my line. If he should not
reach you in time, do not wait, but coma direct to the store.
JAMES
525 1 7 '.1\TINT TIT.TINIPING-EPCON,
March 21,1579.
There is no " Powder in the Cellar,"
TONS OF IT IN OUR MAGONE
DuPont's Powder.
WE ARE THE AGENTS FOR THE
tttiliTt#
J '
) „- *
SEND IN YOUR ORDERS.
I'IMISTIRJ - Y . CgL CO_,
HUNTINGDON, PA.
Aprill 25, 1879.
New Advertisements
S. WOLF'S.
HERE WE ARE !
At 6win's Old Stand,
505 PENN STREET.
Not much on the blow, but always ready for work
The largest and finest line of
Clothing, Hats and Caps,
GENTS.' FURNISHING GOODS,
En town and at great sacrifice. Winter Goods
20 PER CENT. UNDER COST,
Can and be convinced at S. WOLF'S, 505 Penn et.
RENT AND EXPENSES REDUCED,
At S. WOLF'S. I am better able to 3ell Clothing,
Hats and Caps, Gents.' Fur► ishing ti nods, Trunks
and Valises, CHEAPER than any other store in
town. Call at Gwin's old stand. S MARCH, Agt.
MONEY SAVED IS MONEY EARNED
The Cheapest Place in lluntingdon to buy Cloth
ing, Hats, Caps, and Gents: Furnishing Goods is
at S. WOLF'S, 505 Penn street, one door west
from Express Office. S. MATCH, Agent.
TO THE PUBLIC.--I have removed my Cloth
ing and Gents.' Furnishing Goode store to D. P.
Gwin's old stand. Im...Expenses reduced and
better bargains than ever can be got at
S. Wolf's 505 Penn Street.
March 28, 1879.
BEAUTIFY YOUR
II OM ES!
The undersigned is prepared to do all kinds-of
_
HOUSE AND SIGN PAINTING ,
Calcimining, Glazing, .
Paper Hanging,
and any and all work belonging to the business.
Having had several years' experience, he guaran
tees satisfaction to those who may employ him.
PRICES 3.IOI3EIZATE.
Orders may be left at the JOURNAL Book Store.
J.OIIN L. ROULAND.
March 14th, 1879-tf.
New Advertisements.
BROWN,
A.
I 3 UT '1'1I1 , :111 7 : AflJ
he untingdon Journal.
-AND
15791
Ely 06' *rout.
Fifty Years Ago
BY E. A. KIIiGSBUItY
Tall hollyhocks, and pinks, and rue,
And roses various, and violets grew,
With other fragrant herbs and flowers
In well-kept beds and rustic bowers.
At early dawn and dewy eve,
In snowy cap, with upturned sleeve,
In petticoat of homespun wool,
And short-gown trim, and clean, and cool,
Our grandmother would deftly dig
Around those plants, both small and big,
Their names and needs she seemed to know
And this was fifty years ago.
Her checkered apron, full and long.
Was made of linen, good and strong,
Her neckerchief in many a fold
Lay o'er her bosom. All this toll
The frugal housewife, nice and neat,
From crown of head to sole of feet,
And as she weeded, clay by day,
And dug and pruned, a simple lay
Which to our memory is more dear
Than aught we since have chanced to hear,
Of olden times, she warbled low,
And this was fifty years ago.
The house was large, and one back rootn
Contained a spinning-wheel and lowa,
And oards for making rolls, and reel
That measured skeins, and little wheel
Where she would sit with linen thread
Between her fingers, while the tread -
Of her ligot feet kept time meanwhile
With sweet tunes, tending to beguile
The busy hours. And at her feet
We loved to sit. 'Twas a great treat
To watch the fine thread come and go,
And this was fifty years ago.
The log behind the blazing fire,
The crane and hooks susp nded higher,
The two brick ovens, one iaeide
The chim• ey jamb, 'twas deep and wide
To hole .ne turkeys, puddings, pies,
For festal days; of smaller size,
The other stood outside the jamb,
And baked each week bread, beans and lamb,
The clean and nicely sanded floor,
The corner buffet with glass door
Displaying china ; a rare show,
But this was fifty years ago.
Fifty long years ! Within that time
e've wandered far from clime to clime,
Seen many a grand and stately thing;
But nothing such delight would bring
As one more look at that elm tree,
'Neath which our play-house used to be,
The old clock, straight and dark, and tall,
With burnished face and silver call,
Telling the hours that merrily
On swift-winged minutes flitted by, •
Was prized most highly, you must know;
And this was fifty years ago.
—From the Woman's Journal.
torg-Etlicr.
THE OLD SCHOOL-BOUSE.
It stood by itself on the outskirts of the
village, and had now fallen into decay.
The old porch through which we entered
was broken down, and no longer the honey
suckle clambered ov . er . the
,sides There
was an air of gloomy desolation about the
place, and the moaning doves in the trees
without added to - the gloomy picture. The
desks itnd teaches - were -still there, but
covered with dust, and , the spiders bad
hung their drapery over them. The teach
er's table, raised on a platform, still stood,
and the inkstand black and dry, had nev
er been removed. The Bible, from whose
pages the ezercises of theAulmlll were al
ways opened, was in its accustomed place,
but like everything else, covered with dust
and mould.
Twenty years before, when a very young
boy, I had sat marks days and months con
ning my le ss ons in that old school-room.
It was a different place then. The warm
sun light came through the windows, and
the balmy breezes crept in laden with the
perfume of the flowers without. The but
ter flies darted in and out of the windows,
and the hummingbirds. hovered around
the honeysuckle which clambered over the
porch. The stream that dashed over its
rocky bed made a weird music which min
gled with the rustling of the leaves of the
tall-trees without.
The teacber was a pale faced, dark, sad
eyed woman, not more than twenty-two
years old, with a gentle manner that seem
ed almost hopeless. She had come to the
village a stranger and opened the school.
She called herself Mrs. Ray, and boarded
with the wife of the sexton of the church.
She evinced but little inclination for socia
bility with the villagers, and generally re
fused all invitations to social gatherings.
She was evidently a woman of culture and
refinement, accustomed to moving in polite
circles; and how she ever came to drift
into our quiet, little, out of village
it was hard to tell. She happened to come
just at the time we needed a school, the
old teacher having died, and so, in a short
time, her school was full.
:he was very gentle and the pupils
learned to love ber. ller very gentleness
proved a restraininc , force, and the rough
est boy bent readily to the rule of Mrs.
Ray. It worried us, however, to see her
so sad, and we noticed, too, at any unusual
noise, or sudden appearing of the parents
in the schoolroom, her dark eyes would
assume an eager startled look, and her
white face would turn still. whiter.
Twenty years had rolled away since, as
a little boy, I had gone to•school to Mrs.
Ray. I had left the village for the city,
and now, for the first time, had come to
visit the home of my childhood.
"Well, John," I said to the old sexton,
"let ui take a walk now to old the school
room."
"Ah, sir, many is the day any one has
been there. It is never opened now, and
is fast falling to decay," said John.
"And Mrs. Ray, John ; what become of
the pale, dark.eyed teacher ?"
"Did you never hear, sir, the terrible
story ?"
I shook my head.
"Ah, sir, that was a terrible thing. We
had to shut up the school room because
the children refused to go there, and so we
built a new one. The building fell to de
cay, and the flowers around it died, and
the weeds grew apace. It is very desolate
there, sir."
"And what became of Mrs. Ray I"
By this time we had reached the old
school house, and having entered, were
looking around.
"We'll dust this bench, John, and sit
down, and you can tell me the story of
Mrs. Ray."
The sun was just sinking behind the
hills when we took our seats amid the dust
and cobwebs of the old school room. It
seemed to me that I could see the sweet,
pale face Of Mrs. Ray clearly defined
against the dark background of the gloomy
place, and hear the gentle tones of her
voice.
"Well, sir," said the old sexton, "It was
a terrible day when we found Mrs. Ray
lying dead in the school room, her throat
cut, and her dress covered with blood.
The children ran home and told the news,
and the villagers hastened there; but she
was dead, air, and all we could do was to
pick her up and carry her to my house,
where she boarded."
"Did she cut her own throat ?"
"Oh, no, sir; it must have been done
by a stranger who spent a night in the
HUNTINGDON, PA), FR
village, and who was heard e to inquire if a
person answering the description of Mrs.
Ray lived here. You see her name was
not Mrs. Ray at all, but Mrs. Mandeville.
The man was not seen the next day, and
was never heard of again."
"What reason could he have for mur
dering her ?"
"Mrs. Ray told her story to my wife.
She had been engaged to be married to a
young man who was por, and who her
father did not wish her to marry. He
wanted her to marry Colonel Mandeville,
who was rich and influential. Then the
story reached her that the one she loved
had married a lady in England ,where he
had gone to visit his father, and she felt
desperate when she saw it in the newspa
per. She married Colonel Mandeville,
but she was not happy with him because
she did not love him, and be was a fiery
tempered man, and she was afraid of him.
In one of his rages he told her one day
that the young man she loved was not mar
ried at all, and that he and her father had
caused the marriage notice to appear in
the papers, and intercepted all their letters
to each other. Then Mrs. Mandeville to'd
him that there was no forgiveness in her
heart for him ; that she never wished to
see him again, or her father either, for
they had broken her heart. When the
young man had heard of her treachery in
marrying another when she bad promised
to marry him, he wrote her a terrible let
ter, upbraiding her. lie grew sort of mel
ancholy, and one day he was found dead
in his room ;be had shot himself. Mrs.
Mandeville stole from her house one night
when her husband was out, and made her
way here, because she knew that it was an
out of the-way place, and none would he
apt to find her. She lived in this village
two years, and we all learned to love her,
she was so gentle and so kind. But my
wife says she looked terrible, so white, and
her eyes flashed whenever she spoke of her
father and husband, and she used to say,
"I never can, I never intend to forgive
them, Mrs. Morrison ; no, never ! never !"
We can form no idea how her husband
traced her here—for we supposed that Abe
man was her husband—although we had
no clue to him after he left the village.
The children had left Mrs. Mandeville
putting on her bonnet to leave the school.
room, and that was the last time she was
seen alive. Her bonnet was lying beside
her when we found her dead, all bloody
and crumpled. Poor young lady I It was
a terrible sight to see her lying there, her
eyes wide open and filled with an expres
sion of fright and agony. I think, sir,
that it would have been better if she could
have forgiven those who did her the great
wrong; but she -said there was not one
atom of forgiveness in her heart, that she
would rather die than to say the word for
give to her father and her husband."
The sun had fairly gone down behind
the bills when the old sexton finished his
story. The shadows enveloped the old
school house in dusky dimness; we quietly
arose and walked out, glad to leave behind
a place haunted with such sad memories.
No doubt, as the old sexton said, it would
have been better to have been forgiving,
for forgiveness, like charity, covers a mul
titude of sins.
*tied ctitaq.
Care of the Eyes.
The sight in most persons begins to fail
from forty to . fifty years of age, as is evi
denced by an instinctive preference fur
large print. Says the 'Scientific :
"Favor the failing sight as much as pos.
sible. Looking into a bright fire, especially
a coal fire, is very injurious to the eyes, as
they are obliged to make great exertion.
Reading or sewing by a side light injures
the eyes, as both should be exposed to an
equal degree of lightr The reason is, the
sympathy between the eyes is so great that
if the pupil of one is dilated by being kept
partially in the shade, the one that is most
exposed cannot contract itself sufficiently
for protection, and will ultimately be in
jured. Those who wish to preserve their
sight should observe the following rules,
and preserve their general health by cor
rect habit :
1. By sitting in such a position as will
allow the light to fall obliquely over the
shoulder upon the page or sewing.
2. By not using the eyes_for such pur
poses by an artificial light.
3. By avoiding the special use of the
eyes in the morning before breakfast.
4. By resting them for half a minute
or so while reading or sewing or looking
at small objects ; by looking at things at
a distance, or up to the sky, relief is im
mediately felt.
5. Never pick any collected matter from
the eyelashes or corners of the eyes with
the finger nails; rather moisten it with the
saliva and rub it away with the ball of the
finger.
G. Frequently pas the ball of the fin
ger over the closed eyelids towards the
nose ; this carries off an excess of water
into the nose itself by means of the little
canal which leads into the nostrils from
each inner corner of the eyes, this canal
having a tendency to close up in copse
quence of the slight inflammation which
attends weakness of the eyes.
7. Keep the feet always dry and warm,
so as to draw any excess of blood from the
other end of the body.
8. Use eyeglasses at first carried in the
vest pocket attached to a guard, for they
are instantly adjusted to the eye with very
little trouble, whereas, if common specta
cles'are used such a process is required to
get them ready that to save trouble the
eyes are often strained to answer a pur
pose.
- 9. Wash the eyes abundantly every
morning. If cold water' is used let it be
flapped against the closed eyes with the
fingers, not striking bard against the balls
of the eyes.
10. The moment the eyes feel tired, the
very mcment you arc conscious of an ef
fort to read or sew, lay aside the book or
needle, and take a walk of an hour, or em
ploy yourself in some active exercise not
requiring the close use of the eyes "
AN Irishman, newly engaged, present
ed to his master one morning a pair of
pboots, the leg of one of which was much
larger than the other. "How comes it,
you rascal, that these boots are not of the
same length ?" "I really don't know, sir ;
but what bothers me most is that the pair
down stairs are in the same fix."
AN idle young man was complainincr ' to
a prosperous friend that although he had
tried his luck in all sorts of fairs and lot
teries, be had never been able to draw any
thing. "Indeed," said his friend, "Well,
suppose you try a hand cart ? You can
draw that."
DAY SEPTEMBER 5, 1879.
Arabian Horses.
, A recent traveller who has visited the
Arabs both :n Northern Africa and in the
great desert which lies between Palestine
and Persia, gives a very interesting ac
count of rabian horses. The vast plains
of Mesopotamia, which afford perennial
pastures and water sufficient for herds,
were almost certainly one of the regions
where the horse was found in a wild state
and tamed for the use of man. The wild
ass is even now captured in the same
Wintry.
Arab tradition makes Ishmael the first
horse-tamer. The oldest breed is said to
have been thus established by him, and is
called the Ahwaj. From this ancient stock
descended the Kehilans, so called from the
black marks certain Arab horses have
around their eyes. These have certainly
been a distinct breed for many centuries,
and were probably the parent stock from
which four other breeds have descended.
These four with the Kehilans are called
the Khanisa. The lineage of Arab horses
is counted from the dam, and the stock is
asserted to have been kept without ad
mixture with any other than pure Arab
blood for a very long period.
The Bedouin horse stands fourteen to
fifteen hands high, and his general shape
is like that of the English thoroughbred,
except that he is smaller. The head of
the Arab, however, is larger in proportion,
the chief difference being in the depth of
the jowl and the width between the cheek
bones, which is decidedly greater in the
Arabian. The head of the Arabian is set
on at a freer angle than the English horse ;
and this with the width of the cheek bones
gives him a better windpipe and more ease
at breathing. "The ears are fine and
beautifully shaped, but not small." The
eye is mild, large and prominent, and the
muzzle email The Arabians vary in color.
Perhaps out of a hundred mares thirty-five
would be bay, thirty gray, fifteen chestnut,
and the rest brown or black.
The speed of the Arab is greater than
that of the English racer in proportion to
size, but actually less. The Arabian is a
bold jumper. One brought to England,
the first time she was turned out into the
park cleared a fence five feet six inches
high. Afterwards the lower rails were
pulled down and she walked under the up
per one which she had leaped so readily.
The Bedouins scarcely ever run their
horses far in a straight line, and their rate
of speed is not known. They have great
endurance, and over a distanc3 of twenty
miles would probably outrun almost any
European horse. They may be ridden
day after day, fed only upon grass, and yet
not lose heart but keep in good condition.
They are often "insufficiently fed, and go
for days at a time without water." They
aro very gentle and show no signs of fear.
Those brought to England do not wince
at fire arms, though unused to them, nor
shy at railway trains or sudden noises. In
the desert they often come up to their
masters and use them as a rubbing post, so
tamiliar are they.
First class anima's are very few com
pared to the whole stock, for the Bedouin
takes care only that the breed shall be
pure, and makes very little account of
quality. The young colts are tied to-a
tent-rope and played with by the children.
At a month old the colt is taken from its
dam and fed upon camels' milk As soon
as it is a year old it is mounted a little by
the children, being perfectly tame, and
before three years old it is put to really
hard riding, though not taken out upon
the forays of the tribe. Although this,
with its often lack of food, rather stints the
growth, the Bedouins assert that only in
this way can the animals acquire the hardy
endurance necessary.
The Bedouin horses have few diseases,
and are especially free from defects of the
breathing organs. In winter they pass
the piercing cold nights uncovered, and
without other shelter than standing on
the lee side of the tents. Their coats be-
come long and shaggy, and when the new
coat comes in the spring they look ragged,
half starved, and as rough as ponies. In
summer, however, their coats are as soft
and fine as satin.
The Bedouin uses no saddle, only a pad
of cotton kept on by a circingle, and with
out stirrups. Neither has he a bridle,
but guides his mare by a halter with a
fine chain passing around the nose.
The Bedouin is very proud of his ani
mal, even if he does not love her much,
and parts with her more from necessity
than choice.—Friends'
The Charm of True Marriage.
Our advanced theories of divorce and
free love making the matrimonial relation
merely a partnership to be dissolved at
pleasure, whatever else may be said in
their favor, strike a deadly blow at an ele
ment in it which was meant perhaps to be
supreme above all others. What is the
sweetest charm of all true marriage, what
the greatest advantage, what the most
priceless happiness, take life through,
which it brings to the human heart ? Not
the flush and splendor of its early love ;
not the richer development which it brings
to the character ; not even the children
who are gathered around its shi ine. No,
but the intimacy and reliability of its
companionship ; the fact that it gives
those who enter in it, each in the other
and through all scenes and changes, a near
and blessed standby. Marriage in some
of its respects is doubtless the source of an
immense amount of unhappiness, crime,
injustice, blight and down draggiag, one
of the most perplexing institutions society
has to deal with ; only the blindest senti
mentalist will deny that. On the other
hand, however, that is not mere sentiment,
but sober fact, of all the evidence of God's
goodness to be found in this lower world,
all the proofs that He cares fur us, not
only with the wisdom of a Creator but
with the interest and love of a Father,
there is not quite equal to his sending
human beings into the arena of life, not to
fight its battles, win its victories and en
dure its sorrows alone, but giving them, as
they go forth out of their childhood's home,
a relation in which each two of them are
bound together with the closest of all ties,
live together under the same roof', have
their labors, their property, their interests,
their parental affections all in common,
and arc moved to stand by each other,
hand to hand, and heart to heart, in every
sorrow, misfortune, trial and stormy day
that earth can bring. It is an ideal, if
not always realized in full, which is tasted
even now, amid all that is said about mar
riage miseries, more widely perhaps than
any other happiness.—Sundull ✓9fternoon.
A BOSTON man was cursing an editor
the other day when he fell dead. Several
similar instances have been lately reported.
Men should be careful in speaking of any
thing sacred.
Facts about Drinking.
Americans take high rank among the
people of the world as coffee drinkers. Re
cent statistics place the amount of coffee
used per capita each year in different parts
of Europe as follows : Russia, one-fifth of
a pound; Great Britain and Italy, one
pound ; Austria Hungary, one and one-half'
pounds; France, three and three fifth
pounds; Germany, four and one-half
pounds; Denmark, five pounds; Switzer
land, six and three fourth pounds , Hol
land, seven pounds ; and Belgium nearly
nine pounds. The consumption of genuine
coffee in the United States during the year
1878, was about seven pounds for each
man, woman and child, or about five times
as large an amount of coffee as'of tea. The
consumption of bogus "coffee" also amount
ed to one or two pounds per capita. The
use of coffee throughout the world has in•
creased in large ratio during the past forty
years, and the present requirement for all
nations is estimated at 850,000,000 pounds
per annum, against 490.000,000 per an
num from 1840 to 1850. An increased
use of coffee does not necessarily mean a
decreased consumption of other beverages.
As will be seen by the statistics above, the
Germans,who are particularly distinguished
as beer drinkers, are also prominent coffee
drinkers; and the French, who are some :
what noted wine bibbers, also drink con
siderable coffee. The champion beer
drinkers of the world are undoubtedly the
people of Bavaria, who drink 1471 gallons
of beer per head, for which they $13.50.
The total outlay in Bavaria for this bever
age is more than $65,000,000 per annum.
The figures given fbr the two principal
cities of Bavaria—Nurewburg and Munich
—and for Ingolstadt are still larger per
capita. The former city has a population
of about 90,000, and consumes annually
212 gallons for each inhabitant. This is
an average expense to each person of about
$l9; total about $1,700,000. The popu•
lation of Munich i about 175,000; the
beer drank per person annually is about
248 gallons ; this is an average expense of'
about $23 30. Total about $3,900,000.
Ingolstadt, with a population of only about
15,000, expends annually for its favorite
drink about $715,000. This is an aver
age to each inhabitant of about $47.60,
with an average consumption of about 528
gallons. The average consumption of lager
beer in the United States is less than a
quarter of a barrel per capita per annum,
though the use of this beverage in place of
stronger liquids is constantly increasing.
The average consumption of tea is about a
pound and a half per annum ; of wine but
a little more than a quart, and of whisky,
gin and rum nearly two gallons. A vast
amount of capital. and labor finds employ
ment in supplying the human family with
its various beverages, some of which cheer
and some inebriate.
—,,-...—.—.
The Problem of Intemperance.
A writer in the Sunday Afternoon dis-,
cussing the increase of intemperance, and
seeking about for a plausible theory to ac
count for it, says :
As long as the American people consume
such quantities of stimulating and highly
seasoned food as they do, they will want
to imbibe stimulating drinks. Stimulat
ing food and stimulating drinks necessarily
go together. The one is the concomitant
on the other. Many a man who seasons
his dinner liberally with the contents of
the castor excites in his system a thirst
for something stronger than cold water.
Not that cold water would not be the best
thing with which to extinguish the fire
he has kindled within the vital domain by
the use of such hot, stimulating condi
ments, but that is too insipid. Having
partaken of such highly seasoned food he
craves a drink equally stimulating.
Inebriates the world over are great con
sumers of flesh meat, and they also make
excessive use of condiments. Our atten
tion was first directed to this fact in visit
ing at inebriate asylums and sanitariums
for the cure of the intemperate, where
were congregated large numbers of them ;
and eating at the same table with them for
days, and iu one case for several weeks,
this feature was so striking and so univer
sal that it forced itself upon our attention.
And no one, we think, in the same cir
cumstances, could fail to notice it. We
have always observed that the in
mates of these institutions were, most of
them, hearty eaters, especially of animal
food. Beef, too, was preferred to mutton
and other kinds, as being the most stimu
lating kind of animal food. And this was
usually seasoned libeifally with mustard.
Pepper was used abundantly with almost
everything else.
At the New York State inebriate asy
lum when Dr. Day was superintendent, he
felt compelled to banish Worcestershire
sauce wholly from the table, owing to the
extravagant use that was made of it. And
during the incumbency of Dr. Dodge, his
successor, the cayenne was removed from
the castor for the same reason.
Jefferson's Rules.
Thomas Jefferson's rules are short and
concise, and embody so much of value that
it would be well if they were clipped and
put where we c)uld see them often. They
are as follows :
1. Never put off till to morrow what you
can do to day.
2. Never trouble another fur what you
can do yourself.
2 Never spend your money before you
have it.
____
4. Never buy what you do not want be
cause it is cheap.
5. Pride costs more than hunger, thirst
and cold.
6 We seldom repent of having eaten
too little.
.
7. Noth i ng is troublesome that we do
willingly.
8. How much pain the evils have cost
us that have never happened.
9. Take things always by the smooth
handle.
JONES was assaulted by his tailor :
"I really cannot understand why you do
not pay me nay little bill. You had a good
salary and it has been raised."
"Yes."
"And you promised me faithfully that
you would pay me out of the amount you
saved from your extra allowance."
"Precisely."
"Then you have lied to me, for you
haven't paid me the first red revalue."
"Not at all—l haven't saved anything
from my extra allowance. When 4 do, I'll
pay you."
_ _
"BUT you know, pa," said a farmer's
tlaughter, when he spoke to her about the
addresses of a neighbor's son, "you know,
pa, that ma wants me to marry a man of
culture." "So do I, my dear, so do I, and
there's no better culture in the country
than agriculture."
Aistory.
THE
OLD FOOT- MINTS OF THE 1:ECED111; RED MIN,
AND TIIE
Ellll,l 1,110-IiIRKS OF THE COMINGIIHITE 11. N
WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
The Juniata Reg ion.
BY PROF. A. L. BUSS, OF HUNTINGDON, P.,.
' Ti 4 good to niture on Natio. pon<eof (may
Forever from the land ice call our own.
ARTICLE XX.
CHAMPLAIN'S EXPLORATIONS
In 160 S Champlain sailed up the St.
Lawrence river, and commenced the French
settlement at Quebec. In 1609 he joined
a pirty of Algonquin Indians, who came
from the Ottawa river, and met the Iro
quois (Mohawks) in battle, on the western
border or the Lake that has since borne
his name. The Mohawks, being frightened
at the sound of fire arms, were easily de
feated, but the hatred to the French, here
imbibed, became hereditary, and all the
ingenuity of the Jesuits could never eradi
cate it. Trifling as it may seem, it was a
ripple that rose to a wave, and culminated_
into a billow, that eventually drove the
ship of French dominion out of water high
on the breakers, one hundred and fifty-five
years afterwards .
EXPEDITION AGAINST THE IROQ1701„9,
Champlain spent many years in explor
ing through tipper Uanatla, and the re
gions of the lakes. It. is claimed he pen
etrated 500 leagues inland and visited
Lake Huron and the regions at Detroit.
In 1615, he again went with an expedition
agaiiwt the Iroquois (Onondag,as). It
consisted of a combined force of Hurons
and Algonquins, and started from Lake
Situcoe, near Lake Huron, and passing
down in boats by a series of lakes, rivers
and portages, they crossed the east end of
Lake Ontario, and then hiding their boats,
they penetrated the interior of New York
State, where they met the enemy hi a for
tified town.
SENDS BRULE' TO THE SUSQUEIIINNA
Before starting out Champlain says,
they "held a consultation for the selection
of the most resolute men of the troop to
carry advice of our departure to those who
were to assist, and join us with 500 men,
in order that we may meet at the same
time before the enemy's fort." So they
dispatched twelve Hurons, and one of
Champlain's interpreters, named Etienne
(Stephen) Brule', a Frenchman, with these
Indians. Their task was to cross the
enemy's country, and reach a nation then
living on the head waters of the Susque•
hanna river, who were hostile to the Iro
quois, and had agreed to provide the 500
men to assist the Hurons and their Cana
dian Algonquin Allies. It throws a flood
of light on the history of Indian affairs in
Pennsylvania, to have it established, that
there were, at this date, nations imme
diately smith of the Iroquois, who were of
kindred blood, and yet in common with the
Hurons, were at war with the Iroquois.
It is a stepping stone to a proper under
standing of the Indian history of' Pennsyl
vania. The nation visited by Brule' are
called the CARANTOUANDIS. (The French
II is pronounced like our w.) The word
means Great to men, or the Stout warriors.
HIS BOOR AND Hlg MAP.,
In 1619, ClAmplain, published, in Paris,
a narrative of his explorations, including
an account of Brulet's story of his adven
tures southward into Pennsylvania. Anoth
er edition of Champlain's narratives was
published in 1632; but in this condensed
edition the account of Brule' was mostly
omitted. Hence it has been but little
known. The latter edition, however, was
set off with rude pictures of Champlain's
conflicts with the Indian, and a map of the
country explored, and the route traveled
to the Onondaga fort. The map gives
Niagara as a very high waterfall, descend
ing which various 'sorts of fish become
dizzy. It has a queer mixture, as was the
case with many of the ancient maps, of
names in French, Dutch, English, Latin,
Indian other tongues. He lays down Hud
son Bay as near the St. Lawrence river,
with a nate at the bottom, saying : "The
bay wher Hudson did wente."
BRULE' AMONG THE CARANTOUONAIS.
Brute' arrived at the Carantouonais in
safety, but failed to reach Champlain at
the fort in time ; the latter having been
wounded and defeated, retreated two days
before the arrival of Brule''s reinforce
ments. The Onondagas, whose fort they
assailed, are called dntouohonorons, the
People surpassing all others. They after
wards kept up the war on this enemy south
of tbeat, until they completely exterminated
them. Brule' returned with them, how
ever, to their chief town, where he spent
the winter, and the next summer descended
file Susquehanna to the sea, visiting the
various tribes on the river, but has left no
record of any value, except as to the Car
antouaonais, who are said to be strongly
lodged and friends to all others. However,
the Susquehanna along its entire length
was inhabited and the various tribes were
distinct from, and inimical to, the Iroquois.
THEIR. STRENGTH AT THAT TIME
Brule' states distinctly that the chief
town of the Carantouannais could muster
800 warriors, and that they had two other
towns, which, allowing them to be even
less than half as large, would give them at
least a force of 1500 warriors. The Sas
quesahanoughs, noticed by Capt. Smith
certainly numbered as many warriors as
they had five towns. Take into considera
tion the nations on the West Branch, and
on the Juniata, and other smaller branches,
and along the main river between the Sas
quesahanoughs .and the Carantouannais,
and a moderate estimate must make these
nations of Iluron-Iroquois stock, in Penn
sylvania, number 6,000 to 8,000 warriors,
which is more than twice the numbor that
the Iroquois Confederacy of New York
ever had in its palmiest days. What be
came of them is the story that is to be re
vealed in the, future numbers of these
sketches.
CHARACTER OF THIS NATION
We have proven now that at this early
day there were people hostile to the Iro
quois ittmediately south of them. From
them we may infer the existence and fate
of others still farther south. The exact
location of the three Canantouannais towns,
has been a matter of some difference of
opinion. Some have erroneously supposed
the Carantoyennis a branch of the Eries.
Others have Adefinitely classed them with
what the French in later days called An
dastes. There can be nu reasonable doubt,
however, that they were a separate nation•
ality and probably a union of three tribes.
Champlain himself says : "They arc
only three villages in the midst of more
than twenty others, against which they
wage wars, not being able to receive as
sistance from their friends, especially us
they must pass through the country of the
Chotiontonaronon, which is very populous,
or else go a great way around." The in
tervening hostile populous country, around
which they had to pass, was evidently the
Sonontowans or Senecas. Ile also says the
Carantowanois were south of the Anton
honorons three days distant.
. _LC' -,1-.--
WHERE THEY WERE LOCATED.
The location of their largest town where
Brule' wintered, has been fixed by Gen.
John S. Clark, of :burn, New York, as at
the so called Spanish Hill, near Waverly,
N. Y. The second village he locates at
the juncture of Sugar Creek and the Sus•
quehanna a mile and a halt' above Towan
da, Pa., and the third town near Elmira,
N. Y., or at Wyalusing, Pa. The large
town, CARANTOUAN, appears only ou
Champlain's map. The second town was
visited the next year, 1716, by three
dutchmen, who called it OOEIIAGE as wilt
be fully set forth when we come to notice
their astonishing exploits. The location
of the town assailed has been a matter of
dispute among learned men, but the late
researches of Gen. Clark, revealing an old
Onondago town site, at the town of Fen
ner, Madison County, N. Y., leaves no
room for further controversy, that locality
answering Champlain's description corn
pletely.
YAMOYDE?f,
NEW WEAPONS ENCOUNTERED.
Champlain boasts that "I shewed them
what they never saw or heard before,"
that is muskets. It was the first time that
this midde head Dation of the Iroquois.
had smelled gunpowder and heard the
thunder of fire arms, and witnessed the
magical effects. During the somewhat
protracted contest, they had some conver
sation with those within the palisades.—
Champlain's statement is remarkable. Ile
says they called out "telling us by way of
persuasion not to meddle in their fights,
and that their enemies had very little
courage to require our assistance—with
many other such discourses." This illus
tration of Iroquois pluck ought to have
been a just rebuke to Champlain for ma
king war on a nation that had done him
no harm. In a picture lie represents a
movable scaffolding, which he had con
structed and moved up towards the palis
ades, and on which he placed a few men
with the muskets to fire over the fortifica
tions, and drive away those defending from
that point, while his men made a breach
in the enclosure; but the lack of steady
courage in his allies, and the obstinate de•
fence, forced him at length, being wounded
to be carried away during a hasty retreat,
which they managed successfully.
OTHER TRIBES DESCRIBED.
Among the other nations named by
Champlain are the Petuns, or Tobacco
nation, in Upper Canada, who had large
villages enclosed with timber fortifications
and raiFed large quantities of tobacco and
corn. The Quieunontates, (Tionontatea
or Dionnondadies,) north of Lake Erie.
The Neutral Nation, or Attinonidos, who
wage no war, except on the Assistague•
ronons, or Five nation, afterwards called
Mascoutins. The Autouho-norons are 15
villages, built in strong positions, who cul
tivate lands, and are enemies to all except
the Neutral nation and the Hirocois or
Yroquois. This latter term he does not
use generically, but applies it rather to the
Mohawks, not understanding the Con
federacy. He also mentions the Cheveaux
releves, savages whom Father Sagami calls
Andatarouats, who '-wear their hair topped
up in front," an expression that much re
minds us of the cock's combs, mentioned
by Capt. Smith, among the Sasquesahan
nocks. These nations, here only named,
will be more fully described in the future.
THE FATE OF BRULE'
Brule' had an eventful life. He did not
see Champlain again for near two years.
In attempting to cross the Iroquois coun•
try, he was taken prisoner, and his torture
was commenced. lie threatened them with
the vengeance of heaven. A clap of
thunder, with vivid lightning, SOUS re
garded as the fulfilment of the threat. Ile
was released, cured of his wounds, and es
corted out of their country. Afterwards
he lived among the Hurons like a thorough
Indian ; but some how at last gave them
offence, when they killed and ate him. It'
Capt. Smith did not come up the Susque
hanna river, in 1608, above the State hoe.
then Stephen Brule' was the first white
man, of whom we have any knowledge that
entered Pennsylvania. Beyond all ques
tion, the few brief facts given by him, of
the condition of Indian affairs in this State,
at this date, are very interesting.
ACCOUNTS FROM TIIE FRENCH
From the days of Champlain, the history
of the French settlements in Canada and
about the lakes and down the western
rivers, has been pretty well preserved.
Several historians published works of value,
such as La Houtan, Charlevoix, Sagard
and others. The French were not settlers
fur farming, as were the English. It was
military occupation for trade with the na
tives, and stations of Jesuit missionaries
for the conversion of the Indians. One or
more of these Jesuits was with each tribe.
and their accounts of their progress, in the
form of reports to their superiors, were
yearly published in Paris, from 1656 to
1684, and are called Relations. From
these we get our earliest information of
the condition of affairs among the Indians
in Pennsylvania. Those among the Iro
quois make frequent references to their
war parties down the Susquehanna and its
branches. We shall have occasion to re
fer to some of these accounts hereafter.
WHOM THEY CALL ANDASTES.
The French in speaking of the nations
south of the Iroquois mostly called them
by the generic title of Andantes or En
dastes, Andastoges or Andostages. All
of these southern tribes were hostile to the
Iroquois and the name denoted any or all
of them indiPerimioately. It may tnoz-t
likely have at first denoted a nation on the
heads of the West Branch and Allegheny
rivers and southeast of the Eries and after
their extermination was applied to any
other tribes found iu that direction. So,
in time, those on the lower river called by
the English, Sasquebannocks, were the
same as the French termed 'Andastes.—
Hence it is hard sometimes to determine
what tribe is intended. for the term was
loosely applied and vaguely set down on
the maps. As there were no missionaries
among these Pennsylvania tribes, much of
the condition of affairs can be only in
ferred from general principles and com
parison with known facts of other nations
under similar circumstances.
( Tu be continued.)
NO. 35.