VOL 40. he Huntiugdon Journal, J. R. DURBORROW, PUBLISHERS AND PROPRIETORS. (Nice in new JOURNAL Building, Fifth Street. HUNTINGDON JOURNAL ig published ev ry Friday by J. R. DURBoRROW and J. A. NASH, under tno firm name of J. R. Duaßoanow k CO., at $2,00 per aanunt IN ADVANCE, or $2.50 if not paid for in six months from date of subscription, and S 3 if not paid within the year. No paper discontinued, unless at the option of the pub lishers, until all arrearages are paid. No paper, however, will be sent out of the State unless absolutely paid for in advance. Transient advertisements will be inserted at TWELVE AND A-hALF CENTS per line for the first insertion, SEVEN AND A-UALF CENTS for the second and FIVE CENTS per line for all subsequent insertions. Regular quarterly and yearly bil,iness advertisements will be inserted at the following rotes: 6m 19rullyr 1 In .;." . 3 50' 4 5411 5 50' $ 00 9 (0118 005271 36 26. I 5 0.1 8 0:1110 00'12 00: 1 ,4co1121 00 , 36 001 50 65 3 " ! 7 0)10 00'18 00Nc01134 0050 001 65 80 4 .. 1 00114 00120 00;21 001 t c 01136 00 60 001 80 100 Local notices will be inserted at FIFTEEN CENTS per line for each and every insertion. All Resolutions of Associations, Communications of limited or individual interest, all party announcements, and notices of Marriages and Deaths, exceeding five lines, will be charged S EN CENTS per line. Legal and other notices will be charged to the party having them inserted. Advertising Agents must find their commission outside of these figures. All advertising accounts are due and collectable when the, rtdvertisement is once inserted. JOB PRINTING of every kind, Plain and Fancy Colors, done with neatness and dispatch. Hand-bills, Blanks, Cards, Pamphlets, &c., of every variety and style, printed at the shortest notice, and everything in the Printing line will be executed in the most artistic manner and at the lowest rates. ;111 I 6m I tini I 1 ,yr Professional Cards. S. T. BROWN BROWN & BAILEY, Attorneys-at- Law, Office 2d door east of First National Bank. Prompt personal attention will be given to all legal business entrusted to their care, and to the collection and remittance of claims. n. CALDWELL, Attorney -at -Law, eNo. 111. 3d street. Office formerly occupied by Messrs. Woods lc Williamson. [apl2,'7l. I.)it. A. B. BRUMBAUGH, offers his professional services to the community. Office, No. 523 Washington street, one door cast of the Catholic Parsonage. [jan.4,'7l GEO. B. ORLADY, ATTORNEY-AT-LA •ti', n0v17 . 75] HUNTINGDON, PA, EJ. GREENE, Dentist. Office re • moved to Leister's new building, Hill street Iluritingdon, (Z_ L. ROBB, Dentist, office in S. T. .kA • lirc w a's new building, No. 520, Bill St., Huntingdon, Pa. KW. BUCHANAN, Surc,eon Den • tint, No. 228, Penn Street, Huntingdon, Pa. [mehli'7s H UGH NEAL, ENGINEER AND SURVFYOR, Cot.. Smithfield Street and Eighth Avenue PITTSBURGH, PA S,eon:l Floor City Bank C. MADDEN, Attorney-at-Law -A-A-• Othee, No. —, liill street, Huntingdon, Pa. [ap.19,'71. J FRANKLIN SCHOCK, Attorney ci • at-Law, Huntingdon, Pa. Prompt attention given to all legal business. Office 229 Hill street, corner of Court House Square. [dec.4,'72 1 SYLVANUS BLAIR, Attorney-at t., • Law, Huntingdon, Pa. Office, Hill street, hrte .loors west of Smith. Lian.4'7l. 1 it. DURBOItIWW, Attorney-at e-, • Law, Huntingdon, Pa., will practice in the several Courts of Huntingdon county. Particular attention given to the settlement of estates of dece .lent, o;,ice in he JO URNAL Building. [feb.l,'7l. IV. MATTERN, Attorney-at-Law ci • and General Claim Agent, Huntingdon ' Pa., Soldiers' claims against the Government for back pay, ',minty, widows' and invalid pensions attend ed to with great care and promptness. Lice on 11111 street. [jan.4,'7l. S. taISSINGEIt, Attorney-at L Law, Huntingdon, Pa. Office one doo East of R. M. Speer'Woffice, 13 1 A. ORBISON, Attorney-at-Law, -A-_ kJ• PAtents Wbtsineel, Niue, 321 Hill street, ii.Allcingdon, Ps. s i ,l E. FLEMING, Attorney-at-Law, K- 7 • Huntingdon, Pa., office 31t Penn street, nearly opposite First National Bank. Prompt and careful attention given to all legal business. Aug.5,'74-6wom. VILLIAM A. FLEMING, Attorney at-Law, Huntingdon, Pa. Special attention given to collection', and all other hgal business .tended to with care and prousptness. Office, No. 'z:., 11111 street. Hotels jUMATA. HOUSE, JULIANA STREET, BEDFORD, PENN'A. This well-known house has recently been leased by the undersigned, who, having had the experi ence of a nainher of yearn in keeping a first-clash hotel, respectfully gullets the patronage of the public. AS'pe , ial attention will he yieen hi tranNient boardete. Arrangem•nte will be made by which persons can have meals at all hours. Boarding $1.50 per day, boarders taken by the day, week, month or year. wyZ,'7s-yJ MARY J. RIFFLE. D ICKSON HousE, (Formerly Farmer's hotel,) North-east corner of Fourth and Penn Streets, HUNTINGDON, PA., SAMUEL DICKSON, Having lately taken charge of the Dickson House, (formerly Farmer's Hotel,) I am now pr - pared to entertain strangers and travelers in the moot aatisfactory manner. The house and stable have both undergone thorough repair. My table will be tilled with the best the market can afford, and the stable will be attended by careful hostlers. May 5, 1875-y - 1 f t ORRISON HOUSE, .2/ r;TOSIIE PENNSYLVANIA R. R. DEPOT U UNTINGDON, PA. J. H. CLOVER, Prop %oil] 5, 1871—ly . Miscellaneous. TOYS AND GAMES OF ALL KINDS Just received at the JOURNAL Store. ALSO, WRITING DESKS, WORK BOXES, ALBUMS, &c, CRINDALL'S BUILDING BLOCKS, MENAGERIE and GYMNASTS PARLOR CROQUET, &c. WM. WILLIAMS, MANUFACTURER OF MARBLE MANTLES, MONUMENTS. HEADSTONES, &C., HUNTINGDON, PA. PLASTER PARIS CORNICES, MOULDINGS, &C! ALSO SLATE MANTLES FURNISHED TO ORDER. Jan. 4, '7l. GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE. Gentlenvn of the &over a)1 IL•tc3 of Representatives: J. A. NASH, - We have assembled to dedicate ourselves anew to the performance of the duties of the responsible trusts confi.lA to our care. We cannot be unmindful of .11:: magnitude of these trusts and the wiAoin ant cour age necessary to administ,n. thAn with fi. deli'y and justice. and that we may not be wanting in our concepti,n of, or halt in our efforts to enfOre., whit is right, let us reverently a•dt :or the Divine a.sistance, that out: e,m-e:, , 0,,s miy be enlightened and our h,artJ ;;:eii.Ltlierieli for the task. Tile condition of the finances of the State, as exhibited in the subjoined state ments, demonstrates clearly the ability of our people to pay all their indebtedness as it accrues, and is an interesting commen tary upon the simp:ici!y and efficiency of our tax system, ba; I:kewis,: as plainly shows tie neces:-ity for some modification of existing lays ibation of the revenues, if L , ,,s that he',et le• gislation the ta,t. ;ire to be avoid ed. During fiscal year ending November 30,1875 : Five per cent. luau 54,112 43 Six per cent. loan 1,241,362 72 Relief notes l2 00 Interest certificate lO 48 Total Receipts. During fiscal year ending November 30, 1875 : Balance in Treasury November 3 , 1, 1874 81,054,551 65 Receipts .1. H. BAILEY Total Ordinary expenses. Leans redeemed.... Interest on loans•.. Total Balance in Treasury November 30, 1875 993,207 27 Six per cent. loan Five per cent. loan Four and a half per cent. loan Total Relief notes in circulation Interest certificates outsLAndiug. 405 Penn Street, Interest certificates unclaimed Domestic creditors' certificates Cl:ambersburg certificates outstanding. Cliambersburg certificates unclaimed... Total Total public debt, Sinking Fund Assets. Bonds of Pennsylvania railroad company, $1,300.000, representing an indebtedness January 1, 1876, as per schedule on file in office of State Treasurer 515,132,544 26 Bonds of Allegheny Valley railroad com pany 3,400,000,00 [a,p12,11 • 8,532,544 36 Cash in sinking fund November 30, 1875 034,088 49 Indebtedness unprovided for. The appropriations made for the fiscal year ending November 30, 1875, exceeded the receipts (4f the general revenue fund five hundred and fifteen thousand eight hundred and twenty-one dollars and twen ty two cents, and with like appropriations and receipts the deficit for this year would be doubled. It is estimated, however, that the revenue of this year will be five hundred thousand dollars less than that of last year, which would make the de ficiency at the end of the current fiscal year about one million five hundred thous and dollars, unless the appropriations can be reduced. The appropriations are al. ready made for that part of the fiscal year embraced between December 1, 1875, and June 1, 1876. Moreover, the principal appropriations, such as for schools and the ordinary expenses of the government, are fixed by the Constitution or by law, ex cept those for public charities, and these will demand unusually large amounts at this session by reason of their failure to receive anythini , ° at the last. It is mani fest, therefore, that the appropriations can not be materially reduced, and the defi ciency must be provided for either by the imposition of new taxes or the diversion into the general fund of some of the rev enues now flowing into the sinkinir ° fund. To levy new taxes at a time when the bus iness and industrial interests are prostra ted wouli be unwise and a great hardship, and would justly meet with public con demnation. The necessity, therefore, of the re-distribution of the revenues is ob viously a duty that is urgent, and demands your immediate attention By virtue of a constitutional amend ment, the Sinking Fund was created for the purpose of gradually reducing the public debt at a time when it exceeded forty millions of dollars. An annual re duction of two hundred and fifty thou4and dollars, and the payment of interest of the entire debt were its only requirements, and they have been faithfully fulfilled by the Sinking Fund Commissioners since the creation of the fund in 1857. It rill also be observed by the following state ments, the most sanguine hopes of the framers of the constitutional amendment have been more than realized, during the last eleven years the annual reduction of the debt averaging nearly a million and a half of dollars. feb.l7-ly [Feb.s-1 Lmay3l,'7l Public debt December 1, IS6I Public debt December 1, 1875. Total reduction in eleven yell's Average annual reduction The appended statement will show the balance of the estimated receipts of the Sinking fund, at the expiration of the fiscal year after the requirements of the Constitution will have been complied with : Tax on corporation 'stocks 52,100,000 00 Commutation of tonnage tax 4130,000 00 Allegheny Valley railroa !Kind lOO,OOO 00 lutere4 on Allegheny railroad bonds 170,000 00 - Proprietor. 2130,000 00 Constitutional requirement of annual reduc tion Of public .lid B2- 5 1,000 00 lutereot on public debt 1,300,000 00 Sur!,lug It will thus be seen with the present distribution of the revenues, there will re main each year in the Sinking Fund, after the payments which the Constitution re• quires, over a million and a quarter of dol lars, and which it is remembered that the amount of interest to be paid will annually decrease, and the receipts be greater, ow ing to the natural accretion of the taxes, the amount of this balance will be aug mented from year to year. if this sur. plus is annually applied to the extinguish ment of the debt, a careful calculation will show, that in ten years the entire in debtedness of the State will be redeemed. However Jesirable this reduction may be and gratifying as it certainly would be to the Executive, under whose administra tion a large portion of it would be made, yet the diminution of the taxes in 1873, to the amount of one million of dollars, and the five hundred thousand dolldrs ad ditional expenses made necessary by the new Constitution in behalf of common schools, the Judiciary and Legislature, and the claims of deserving public charities, forbid this large reduction as the revenues are now distributed. By another calcula tion it appears that by taking one-third of the corporation tax, which the Legislature assigned to the Sinking Fund, and dedi- 0 4 * 1 !? .: r . ~...., 'Np •-;.' -... ~ ....4. ..cd ."i '. .'l„ . )., tic ~, . , , .-- ,‘ - e -,,, ... t - v. . : fil 4 , • I: 2 ' ' C r . t. ' t 7 1: ,-: 'll • . ~.- * i .1' rr .1 ,i., . 4.., ... i' 4. . .- . ~ , . -- `A .. • '• t . -.., 0' ••1 0 11 rill al. ~: , ~., .. •. , . 4 . • ~.. . . ... .. ..... , .... 1 INNCLS ii„il Jl. ~~~ i.~r~l, 1,335,497 63 T,53 L 6.50 67 Disbur.emnts. $3,806,769 29 1,335.497 63 1,399,176 48 6,541,443 40 Funded Debt. $18,153,380 00 4,869,241 58 87,000 00 .„ 23,109,621 58 Unfunded Debt. $06,184 00 13,038 54 ..... . 4,443 38 ...... 25 00 9,620 99 199 34 ... 123,516 16 23,233,137 74 $9,466,572 85 13,766.564 69 $39,379,603 94 24,20,137 74 10,146,418 24) 1,t87,860 ErG 1,550,000 00 1,280,000 00 eating this one-third to the uses of the general fund, the whole indebtedness can still be liquidated in fifteen years. With out additional taxation, a fund may thus be created, that with the other revenues of the general fund, will, with prudent man agement, possibly be sufficient to meet all the necessary and proper . expenses of the government, and I recommend that this change be made At the end of the last fiscal year there remained in the sinking Fund the sum of nine hundred and thirty-four thousand and twenty-eight dollars and fifty-nine cents. There can be no further redemp tion of public debt until August, 1877, as all State bans reimbursable prior to that time have been paid ; and in the meantime the Sinking Fund, in addition to the above amount, will continue to accumulate a large bslance, which there is no authority to invest. I therefore recommend the enactment of a law authorizing the Sink ing Fund Commissioners to invest the surplus funds in the bonds of the State or the United States as they deem most ad vantageous, which, in accordance with the new Constitution, .are the only invest ments that can be made, and that these investMents be directed to be made monthly. EDUCATION The prosperous condition of our public schools affords abundant occasion for just pride. The exhibit nu.de in the report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction is a gratifying illustration of the liberality and public spirit of our citizens and an earnest pledge of what may he expected of them when any great or beneficent ob ject enFsts their sympathy and support. Ten years ago the Commonwealth had one thousand seven hundred and forty-three graded schools within her limits; to-day there are five thousand six hundred and twenty-five During the last decade the value of her school property has appre ciated from five hundred and sixty-four thousand eighty-eight dollars and eight cents to two millions one hundred and fifty-nine thousand four hundred and fir teen dollars and eighty-three cents. In 1865 the State expended upon her public schools three millions six hundred and thirteen thousand two hundred and tbirt - eight dollars and fifty-five cents. In 1875 the outlay for the same purpose was nine millions three hundred and sixty three thousand nine hundred and twenty-seven dollars and seventeen cents. Thirteen thousand eight hundred and sixty-three teachers attended, during the last year, the Teachers' Institutes held throughout the Commonwealth. In 1865 there were only two thousand seven hundred and six ty-five in attendance upon their sessions These figures are eloquent of the gener osity of our citizens and their ardent de sire to facilitate the attainment and pro mote the progress of education. It is in teresting to observe, likewise, that those employed in the instruction of our youth appreciate this liberality of our people and are zealously striving to make our school system so comprehensive and thorough that there will be a fitting and just return for the expenditure incurred. It is an ac cepted maxim that the enucation of its youth is the most important subject that can engage the attention of a community. There is no capital more productive, nor any more solid or safer basis fOr the wel fare of a State than the inculcation of sound principles and habits of industry among its children. It is as trite as it is a true saying that idleness and vice are great burdens to society and that of virtue and industry contribute to its welfare and dignity. Our title to the respect and gratitude of posterity will therefore largely depend upon our efforts in behalf o;" right education, and it is for us to gravely con sider whether we perform our whole duty by providing each year fur the necessary expenses of the School Department and make no endeavor to extend its usefulness and benefits to new fields of instruction.— Is it not a reproach upon our wisdom, and when we think of the thousands of ne glected children in our midst may it not also be said upon our humanity to expend ten millions of dollars annually upon pub lic education and find thousands of chil dren who will not avail themselves of its privileges. No people have contributed more to the advancement of human coin 6mt and the abridgement of labor by the application of mechanical principles, or are more prolific of invention of a useful kind than Americans, and yet few c,)un tries give less attention to the develop ment of this genius and the stgdy of these ! principles in their instruction than our! own. With such capabilities and the op portunities for the application of me chanical principles at our very doors in the unfolding and manufacture of our great resources, does it seem the part of prudence and common sense to permit all this vast expenditure to be made without embracing in the plan some methods of instruction that will at least fit a small number of children for some special trade or occupation. My opinions upon the subjects of com pulsory education are well known and it ! is unuceessary for me again to advance them. They have discovered themselves to me after mature and conscientious thought and investigation, and are founded I believe, upon principles of sound policy, and as their discussion and necessity are enforcing themselves upon public atten tion, I respectfully ask if the nature and importance of your trust as legislators do not exact of you some consideration in this regard. NORMAL SCHOOLS, The methods of teaching have been vastly improved in the last few sears ' and it is conceded many of these methods are the outgrowth of the Normal schools of the State, the teachers from which have con tributed very materially to the character and efficiency of the public schools. Some persons have a natural fitness for teaching, but in most instances the qualifications therefor are acquired, and in no way can they be so readily obtained as by the spe cial preparation and technical instruction received at the Normal school where the principles and practices of teaching are in culcated by experienced preceptors. The greater the number of these schools, the higher we raise their standard, ando the more thorough the instruction imparted within their walls the more widespread will be their influence, and to secure com petency and promote the welfare of teachers and pupils alike, I trust the Legislature will extend to the Normal schools what ever assistance may be needed to insure their increased efficiency and usefulness. SOLDIERS' ORPHANS The continued favor of the Legislature to the schools wherein the orphans of our soldiers are maintained and taught, is an agreeable proof of the patriotism of our people. What prouder monument could we erect to the Pennsylvanians who fell in battle than to care for and educate their HUNTINGDON, PA., FRIDAY, JANUARY 14, 1876 children ? There will be little hope for our institutions, when we cease to be grateful to those who bled or died in their defense. No more responsible charge, and one which does wore honor to her head and heart, has been assumed by the Com monwealth than these schools for the sup port and instruction of our soldiers or phans ; and it is of the gravest importance that this trust should be administered not only in good faith to the State, but with a special view to the comfort and careful education of these unf)rtunate children.— Ten years have elapsed since the close of the war, and many of the children of our deceased soldiers have reached years of maturity. livery year the number for whom the State must provide becomes less, and it is apparent that there is no necessity for the continuance of so many schools of this kind, and that under the present sys tem, with the number of pupils decreasing each year, and the receipts for their main tenance and instruction cmespondingly diminish ing,the proprietors of these schools cannot conduct them without loss or neces sarily reducing the food, clothing or tui. tion of the children. These proprietors are paid a stipulated sum for the care, tui tion. clothing and food of each child. The sum paidls upon a basis that gives to each school, we will suppose, two hundred chil dren. It is manifest, when this number is reduced to one hundred, and all ar rangements have been made for the care an I instruction of two hundred, either the proprietors or the children must suffer; and to rescue both from any misfortune, I recommend that the Superintendent of Public Instruction be directed to select the best schools at the most advantageous points, to which shall be transferred all the children for whom provision is now made, and that this process continue un til the last orphan child is educated. Un der this system, there will be no tempts tion to maintain these schools perhaps to the detriment of the children, and the State wili be assured that its bounty is properly and fully bestowed. MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT, There is no political problem that, at the present time, occasions s) much just alarm, and is obtaining more serious and anxious thought than the government of cities, whose administration in many sec tions of the country, is fraught with perils not only to the material prosperity of our people but to the welfare and permanence of the republic. Is it not therefore in cumbent upon those who are charged with the conduct of public affairs, as well as those who are concerned for the good and honor of the country, to carefully and dil igently inquire into the causes of these mischiefs that attend upon the rule of our cities, and see if they spring from or are the actual development of any inherent defect in the existing systems of govern ment, or are the outcome of a merely transient tendency to extravagance, that by its abuse will work its own efLetual cure. A glance at the enormous debts and stupendous schemes for public im provements undertaken and in progress. or in enutemplation by the numerous cities of the country, is sufficient inducement to this investigation, and will convince the most skeptical that a speedy and radical remedy...must be found to arrest these ex travagant expenditures or the credit of our cities will be destroyed and repudia tion, to which resort some have already been driven, will be the only recourse from ruin. It will not do to mock at the voice of warning and entrench ourselves in the belief that the natural growth of our cities and the consequent accumulation of wealth and appreciation of property there- in, will liquidate all the bonds this genera tion can impose upon the next, for expe rience and history alike teach that extra vagance grows with indulgence, and the only safe, wise and honest course for indi viduals and communities to pursue is to live within their means and pay as they go. The exercise of a local jurisdiction by towns and cities had its origin in the re motest antiquity. The vestiges of this power can be traced in the exhumed re mains of the ancient cities of Phcenecia and Egypt. In the municipalities of Greece political rights were clearly defined and each city was sovereign and acknowl edged no authority but that of its own creation. Under the rule of Rome we discover our ideal of the modern munici pality, as described by a distinguished his torian : "A community of which the cit izens are members of the whole nation, all possessing the same rights and subject to the same burdens, but retaining their ad ministration of law and government in all local matters which concern not the nation at large." Of like character were the im munities and rights wrested from Feudal ism by the cities of the middle ages.— These cities of the past were the conser vatories of science and art, the abodes of industry and the nurseries of political, moral and religions freedom, and to them we are indebted for the principles of con stitutional liberty and a knowledge of the practical methods of government so useful in the administration of our municipal af fairs. The cities of England obtained the right of local self-government about the beginning of the thirteenth century, and their growth in population and wealth kept pace with their independence and freedom from the exactions of the Crown. Their political importance likewise Increased as their political power was augmented, and we find them graciously fa vored by kings and parliaments, in the latter having a representation. of their own election. With enlarged privileges nod greater prosper ity, however, there grew up intolerable abuses, and measures hid to be taken to restore them to their original design as institutions for lo cal government to be controlled by those in terested, and not by a favored few whose only concern in their management was to accu mulate fortune. It was manifest that these corporations had outlived their usefulness, and became a positive evil, All their powers were exccded ; they arrogated to themselves others never conferred ; their councils were self-elected and chosen for life, and their leg islation hag no sympathy with and never reflect ed the wishes of the citizens whose rights and property it was to affect. Mal-administration was the rule rather than the exception in their management; property was wasted; money thoughtlessly and extravagantly expended ; the officers were the creatures of their irre sponsible counsels, and looked to them and not the people for continuance of favor, and every form of corruption, peculation and fraud were the product of a system which was originally inspired by a love of freedom, a de sire for equal and exact justice, anda conviction that this local or home rule would best con serve the rights and property of citizens. So flagrant had abuses become in the administra tion of these cities that in 1835 the English Government appointed a commission, of in quiry to investigate the condition of her mu nicipal corporations; and upon the report of this commission, which was a painful recital of mal-administration,extravagance, misappli cation of revenues, corruption and favoritism, a law was enacted, under the provisions of which these corporations were made to con form to certain uniform regulations, and their powers restricted to the legitimate and use ful purposes for which they were created. Our cities, counties and towns are similar to the sub-divisions that for centuries have ex isted in England, and form a system, which, iu the language of a learned American jurist, "seems a part of the very nature of the race to which we belong;'' and upon this very point an eminent foreign writer, having in view our Republic, sigtificantly says; "Local assemblies of citizens constitute the strength of free nations. Municipal institutions are to liberty what primary schools are to science ; they bring it within people's reach ; they teach men how to use and enjoy it ; a nation may establish a system of free government, but without the spirit of municipal institutions it cannot have the spirit of liberty." It is the genius of our institutions to bring the agen cies of government as near as possible to the governed, and municipal corporations are the instrumentalities by which this intention is most effectually observed. Our cities, coun ties, towns, road and school districts exercise powers of local control, and it is a favorite theory of our political system, that those who are immediately and directly interested will be more likely to administer their affairs with intelligence and economy than a central gov ernment at a distance, and upon this theory the States have been divested of almost all authority over their municipalities, upon which latter have been conferred most of the agencies by which the government is brought into direct contact with the people. In the distribution of power these corporations hav ing received the potential share in regulating the concerns of a large portion of our people, and their health, comfort, enlightenment and prosperity must depend, therefore, in a great measure upon the wisdom and justice of this local rule. Until a recent period the municipalities of the country enjoyed and deserved the confi dence and favor of our people. They were simple in their constitutions, economical in their expenditures, in the main admirably governed, with men of intelligence, experience, character and property in their councils, who deemed it an honor, without compensation, to assist in their administration, and as the pub lic improvements were limited and only what were necessary, the temptations to avariceand corruption were few, and peculation and fraud unknown. To-day it is humiliating to observe the cities of the United States expose our in telligence and civilization to reproach and compared with the malversation and misgov• ernment of some of them, the mal-administra tion of the English cities in 1835 seems re spectable. In the managment of a few of them justice has simply been mocked, taxa tion meant confiscation, and debts were ac cumulated with such rapidity that the annual interest thereon is now greater than was the whole tax levy, for all corporate purposes fif teen years ago. The aggregate of the debts of the cities of the United States, according to competent authority, reaches the enormous sum of seven hundred and sixty nine millions, and this amount is believed to be rather un der than above the actual indebtedness. It is strange that the annual tax levy, instead of being a few mills, now averages in our most important cities two and a half per centum upon the assessed value of property ? It is with reasonable apprehension, therefore, that the people are earnestly addressing themselves to the study of the causes of this evil, and the conviction is becoming wide-spread that some remedy mast be provided that will go to its very core and work a radical cure. A tendency to extravagance began to mani fest itself in this country in 1867; and was ex hibited most conspicuously in the innumera ble propositions for public improvement of every conceivable kind. Magnificent Parks, extensive water works, splendid city buildings, wide streets, with new and improved pave ments, are some of the projects upon which lavish expenditures were made. In the fre (pent and immense outlays of moneys thus authorized, numerous avenues for fraud and peculation were opened, and officers connect ed with the disbursements of these great amounts, suddenly grew rich, and having, by reason of their control of these expendi tures, scores of adherents, they mon became the arbiters of the taxation of these cities. Irresponsible themselves, they aimed to secure the election of irresponsible men to city coup. cils, that their corrupt practices might have the forms of law, and emboldened by impuni• ty and the supineness of respectable citizens, they endeavored to control, and it is alleged in some municipalities did corrupt the channels of justice and shaped its decrees to suit their nefarious ends. Our cities formerly had but few wants ; their charters were simple in their provisions, easily understood,and conferred all the powers neces • sary for local government. Within the last few years, however, every department of local gov. ernment from the great city to thesmall school district, has been constantly applying to the State Legislature for extensions of authority. The rights of taxation and appropriating private property for public use, are extraordinary powers that no government should delegate, except in cases of absolute public need, and the use of the power should be limited by the necessity that invokes its exercise, and yet the Legislatures of the vrious States, in the last few years, have scattered these extraordinary powers broadcast over the land, and in the hands of inconsiderate and irresponsible men, they have been made, under the specious plea of public improvements, the engines of op— pression and robbery. Many of the burdens our people have to bear, have been created by the vicious habit of issuingbon Is at high rates of interest for contemplated improvements. Multitudinous national, state, city, county, ward and school bonds have been issued, the smaller intimating the larger local interests in making these drafts on posterity at rates of interest ranging from four and a half to ten per centurn per annum, and the payment of the interest on these bonds, :Lnd of the bonds themselves, as they mature. necessitates an anneal taxation that is op— pressive, and a constant drain upon industry and enterprise. The contrast afforded by a comparison of the government of the Con.— monwealth of Pennsylvania with the govern— ment of her cities, is curious and instructive. Twenty five years ago a like spirit of extrava— gance and the mania for public improvement. „prevailed throughout the State. and her policy was marked by tremendous outlays in behalf of canals and other public works, and was the parent of a debt of forty millions of dollars. and of the corruptions and evil practices that aroused the people to the extraordinary effort which resulted in the constitutional amend— ment prohibiting an increase of the public debt, and providing a sinking fund for the pay— ment of the interest, and nn annual reduction of the principal. flow different and gratify ing is the spectacle to-day. With a yearly income scarcely exceeding six millions of dol lars, and a State with four millions of inhab itants, the taxes have recently been decreased and annually a large portion of the debt paid off, so that now the indebtedness amounts to but twenty-three millions of dollars. Of the revenues for sonic years past, two million five hundred thousand dollars have been alloted to the payment of interest and the reduction of the public debt, leaving three millions and a half to be devoted to the payment of the expenses of the government, which include provision for our magnificent system of char ities and schools, upon the latter of which alone, common and soldiers' orphans, one million five hundred thousand dollars are ex pended each year. The debts of our munici palities on the contrary, have been increasing enormously, and apart from the public im provements for which a large bonded indebt edness has been created, the expenses of our cities and towns have been growing annually with a pace that seems out of all proportions with their necessities. One source of this additional expense is the increased number of officials. The powers of government are too diversified, and require too much machinery. That mechanism is the best which contains the fewest parts and governments are not ex empt from this law. The deplorable condition of some cities that are overburdened with debt and with public improvements unfinished, that must be completed, is the result largely of the undue and strained assistance accorded to these municipalities by the State governments. Leg islatures voted them the largest possible grants of power, Executives approved them, and the judiciary in some of the States have sustained every grant of power to tax, where the amount to be raised was to he dedicated to a public Improvement, even if the benefit was remote and contingent, as in the coo.- struction of railways, at a distance from a city to divert trade to its marts and other like projects. A well known and able writer as serts, that our cities are the prey of jobbers, and the curse and puzzle of our civilization, and that this is more the result of the system than the fault of the city officials. Honest men cannot be made by legislation, but to the power for evil of those who are dishonest or careless a can and shonlil The principal squirc„• of ifirise na in the disposition to do wrong, Out in the license peculate and plunder. It is the power to that which done and not those who to it. wherein we must tiod the evi'. Ivisplaee those in the present local legislatures. and others will take their positions who will soon be given to like praci.im23. IVe must not forget that then! is a ,!rave differeuce between the con,ienee of the iodi victual and the public conscience. A man will hesitate, unless he is thoroughly dishnir!=t. before he takes advantage of his neighbor. but the same man will not scruple a moment when his approval i 3 a:ked for a pr.j,:t. which. under the guise of a public impr,vement. to despot the whole community of a part of its property. Again, it is an i lru iti h fset, that every public enterprise always rots more, and sometimes twice as much as a pri vate one, and the cost to administer to so;eral departments in our cities is a stritiing illus tration of this truth. 13 there any good relson why the en-a r.f the management of these departments should in some instances be four or five times in ex eeS3 of the amount paid fifteen yea! , ago : while compared therewith the increase Of pop ulation and appreciatioA of property ;ia4 been merely nominal. Does the indifflrence and itiertaess with which this subject of the governmeat of cities has been lieretoiore regarded, forbid th e it that there can be unanimity of sentinumt among citizens to devise and enforce measures that will emancipate our cities from the in evitable consequences of these reckless ex peuditures, or will they await until their prop erty is irremediably ni,rtgageo, and then. honor and fair fame smutched with the stains of bankruptcy. The immunity from criticism and investigation which these schemes for public improvements enjoy, gives encourage ment and protection to every invention of fraud and plunder, an•l people who are tared and who snpiuely submit year after year to these exactions, arc to a great extent respon sible therefor. The hulk of the taxation in our gr'.tt cities falls upon the property holders ; the msss of the citizens do not feel its hnrileas, an.! are unconcerned about the public expenditure or rejoice tberat and approve them when they minister to their enjoyment, as do the parks, or add to their protection and benefit, as do the police and schools. This mass of citizens forgetful of that cardinal principle of our in stitutions, "that those must vote the Cut who pay it," control the elections and send men to the municipal Legislatures, who, :ike them selves, frequently bear none of the public bur dens, and are consequently improvid•rnt wasteful. A large portion of our population is therefore taxed without representation, for no sane man will contend that this sort of representation is the right fur which our fath ers waged a seven years' war with Englan.l. Can laboring men believe that persistence in this policy will not work them serums :►n-1 permanent injury ? Does it require much foresight to see that this appropriation of pri vate property by means of taxation. will drive manufactures, trade and wealth from our eit ies to more congenial localities? Capital and enterprise will seek channels where the fullest freedom and the great-4st profits ran be obtain ed, find it is suicidal thus to dry up the very scource of our prosperity. This sketch of the municipalities of other countries than our own will, I hope, serve to show how essential they are to republic to in stitutions and how liable they are to abuse, and admonishes us that the question of their government is a delicate one, the considera tion of which should be approached with the greatest caution. We must take care that our efforts to miti gate the evils we feel do not be . get others equally oppressive, and we will thus. have change without benefit. Fortunately. the charters of municipal, unlike ()thin- k tions, are subject to alteration by the Legis lature, and that body can amend them at pleasure. In view of the importance of the proper regulation of our cities, because of the vital relations they sustain to the traik4 and manufactures of our wost thriving communi ties, and the welfare and happiness of their citizens, I recommend that the Leziihsture authorize the appointment of a commission of experienced persons to examine into the condition of our municipalities and prepare such legislation for the consideration of the Legislature as will, in their opinion, meet the abuses sought to be remedied. It is my can did opinion that all the legislation upon the statute books referring to municipalities should be repealed and a comprehensive and uniform code enacted, the main features of which will not be the subject of perennial al teration. Appended to this message w:11 be found a detailed statement of the debts of a nurnher of prominent cities of the country in I +47 am! 1875, which affords a striking contrast and i 4 an instructive context to the discussion herein made. The table also shows the east of the several departments of these city governments and is a valuable help to a proper understand ing of the expenditures of the various cities named. The materials for the statement were kindly furnished by the authorities of the several cities. CENTEINIAL. Whatever misgivings have hitherto poss essed the public mini about the ! mere,s of the Centennial are now happily , fissipated, and it is evident the country has awakened to the conviction that the exhibition ils!el.l of being merely local. with which character the indifferent and il , .stritstlial wonld nave in vested it. will transcend in dignity and mag nitnde any of the expositions that have pr coded it in Europe. It becomes Pennsylvania, therefir•.t..!,stir herself and strive to have a full represeatation of her resources and industries on exhibition. The Commonwealth baa Made vast contribu tions of means, and the energies of her hest citizens have been ceaselessly devoted to the promotion of the enterprise, and she will be fake to best interests if the display she makes is not creditable to her people and in keeping with her position:mom.; the States. Every city. town, county and townshipthat has a product. whether of the Aoil or manufacture. should take care tlia it has a place in the exh'bition. Our mineral resonrrea ;honld all he shown. and our iron, oil. coke, i umber. railmauf, ship building, and all manufacturing interests should be fitly represented. Every beneficial. trade and commercial ;association should hare charts or designs to show their purposes or benefits. The collections of seientifie and art societies should he exhibited, and our penal and reformatory institutions, and those of charity, beneficence and learning. shmilti in some manner illustrate their management. Opportunities should be afforded to study our forms of government, public and private im provements in building!, churches, bridges, water, gas anti other works, and every weans and facility furnished to the stranger to he come acquainted with the character, extent and variety of our products and the advan tages of our state as a place of residence and a field for enterpise. To make this display will require conetant and unremitting work on the part of individ uals, firms and companies during the short time that remains before the exhibition noene. and publio and private liberality should com bine to effect this object. In conformity with an act pasted at your last session. the Exert) tire appointed commission of gentlemen to he entrusted with the soperintenilence and collection of the exhibition which Pennsylva nia shall make at the Centennial. To per. form this duty it is obvious they most have financial aid, and when we consider how vast and multiform must be its labors, and the short time left to discharge the same, the sum allow ed to defray the expenses should he liberal and commensurate with the important share the Commonwealth has taken in this great National enterprise. The character of the gentlemen who were appointed is a surety that the exhibition of the State will tie all that zeal and fidelity to Its interests ran make it. if means are afforded them to fulfill the filar poses of their appointment, and I recommend that an appropriation therefore he made at Once. In this connection it is proper your attention should be invited to the necessity of waking provision for the transportation and eneasap ment of the military of the State at some per . od of the exhibition, so that suitable die play may he made of this branch of the public serv:ce. Several of the States are making es tens ye preparations in this direction, and the military feature of the exhibition promises to be creditable to the volunteer system of the country. The various commands throughout the Commonwealth are perfecting themselves r.srAprt, , ,t. I I An , ' twarinT of upon our troom, from. tics *let* w,:l proh:shly ,o-srospo-± f , or p0 , r,04 of or too,, w.pko siettso•y th• .srh , - hition. to .-rve withoor posy :snot uspwry own ration*. hat thron2lt the swt/so.- tie+ they Ask viost ir:11 faer•reh these wd!l Ira 7 vmrNtiii.ml tn.t",•t fro.a ,thstioo. sirol pro•A • 44,1 f for toe thongs //frivol. Whe:l • r ic:o.st ;lathe , rcovosp.,.so.oos ,i4tiongo t: I •1 sr, re , eiee+ orrif ;roe. thl4 rPnoon i mle rrorpo:, of !by root/win , * /Ws► will usititer. nons.o.ril! no.rhooo eight .!fsoes s.tn,l Men , w:11. I .ans 1,1!, z:33 co - kr favor. It IA apparelt t r !is" moat r stn-a! 111:11 the !).11iiit? ti ; for the ear.. .;a.arte .3 t!.ii Star, are ininfEeient f..r tho rws ) .li, ee..itielt. it i 4 repeat/J.lly a...red lost - Aanity ii inerra,inz ali4.4t, Agri ir.:a...t• divoht:there Arr many nor )13 n te ..f r: 3 4. infpr,son,; Irr in, t , fpn..7tr. 3re awe ,ar - traYe. x 1,3. teceiveol proircr trestrm-nt • tn.ltst irov• rr4toreol to rei.on 3 , 1 .4114 cuariq of the State est* the:. ;., ••s" ,, iveit n.. plan l'oat take eflarse :,( their ere:attire. in i p.a..- !hens •in•ter 'Tv* 41pervi.Lin W.,. Jr, ..:1!» , l eh, tr.-moment the .in.l ran per 437, 3T r...t It. prrerr—ii hef6ire LAI Virtralt4 h3V. SP c,me iernentek The hosopmaie st D.xmont tn.l Warr", skie for tise next few v.:tea to sceetnetno.ittte tisii t!ie w.•:tern 3. I rs.irttv- , s-4 , ..-eit ph , tion, net., r„„ • Ft.„, .„,•1 the ..(the re-it. and north-eaorril 0,-60(14. T.ier. o , n, 3 titeu the faro iii pureLons e..ti:t7e4 .! ineio.tiog wars .. - rr • fourth of the wituto ropo admit .4 monwral7!). without h arrurnmo-Int:urt• fur thr in: A n.. other !:,.in ,;) pc...rale,. hr ni. , -honst•A AWL prof.. Its tie. rhata tielph:a alm.honie atone twrr'.r. 9osn.fro4 the inmate's are Insane. an.f mote nee •ientry by ! see-nufsiee.ihsttrow•. -azzravatr itteteadi of rritev,n?: !nett. Contentment an.t eltecr•o:ll44 Ire promote the rerovery of tise*opettonatv. It re covery pos;iire and ratt ther. hr any ...nllgtot en...l or Arientitl., trtritment no.fro. .neh dition4 No hoapitalg t loaf the `state ennastrvel would' afforil arcionrainehatioas ,Or all lbw. helpless creator,. 11.sst of them are inrar ably ins.ine, ant no i•oorse of tnratraient. he .t ever so hitinane or - 014 alleviate their nii.ers. There are. however. name mates of this shush...ie. who If they 'tail ,eines properly treated! in the first ilia.; • of tiseir aii.zlit Sore revs-wit (von toe fleplorah'e mein...4 that shits them ant front ill hope. r•initraini. , l .0 woh sail constontly '.ink noon inionits in every eon eeisah!e t .rot if W. 4 goof ctr*eff, !PIM the lift intrllig .nre that still 1111..4..re.1 in their mini* wcat out tit a:ter dar . erie44, ne - ier to ne re kinilleii. It is for this el:Latish., illff reee n i_ ly hoen itrivkeii with the disay sal for corers reasonahlo hope e l se ts. eut,e5.,....j . that a ciinrerient hospital stioal‘i he howl*. where the insane of Piiiiiiialreita ailjoinintr ronat irs eonld he ?mates( 'spots ir, lent i pri i riles aa.l sr herein the $4,, , WW1411. .660 , 14 Wr)Wol h. a na pt, .4 the hospital at It.rr.n ha. prove... 4 so for a. 4 the appropriation ovule in its istia.aif w .nil permit. This hospital was one .senow: t3rlstw. institutions of the SI vie that stiffer-4 Sy the fisiiurr of the apprope.stions to , horiti..• s• sons last session. i sinsoirety tenet last imita ble provisions will he wade at this session Sir the work neon this t! by ti -orapletion, ;14 there is is pressing 71 • ••1 iit the sccomiso-- ilation it will supply. The reeornmeoilations of the , namesimire es inquire into the cots•ii,ious he intone of tilt- State. enahseliesi is their report male :Al por !,unspra+,..• lodate. WE t 4 taw session. .ire worth of soils nriperttn: attentiow Serer.il .4 i.ei trentlerneo whose 11.1 •4 are appen.l-1 to this report. are ecierititie "133.. W.I. flue rtmi carp-4 ats.l ..tterefir4 etperieu,e tre-..inbree of Vvre while the .3:her4 .srezent,eniei of caltnew. lam bare given the probl,ns 301.1 erenttireerf • in•estigation. nisi the opinions of :Is, emus mission therefore upon tills imports*, mews Lion. should cons-mend themselves to vow. es the best possible nitre thst could be obtain.' upon toe subject within the stste. ioorotates sty painful ivory to lime toter attest... to the lawless , lispositose thst .11 portions of the Coemons...sieb. *Mow tureeett sod not at time* ber• e.pre feetatreettie. thee the to p”.yr, •)( , hor irate led to ;se issrobe4l tw leen the iistsrsamoo.o. These terhstteet emiifte. Liaises are begrooging sisregosirly !?..want. mime to : repress them snare itorgrity mast Se lerviss.4 Mat the Auteuil.. , 4 the F. seratir"..irraelle else partsee pan.. thoma, way a.O qr. I.ll4wwilPir I plsis soil -err einsprefevaleel peilletple• Wit troopo.l roortigor to risogr shot sill so the rate ' •is the eyes, sate".....l¢ if s •f tovertiotio rinotito•sl sothoriry will tie ose the pie Dation.MT.. No of 11, - I.IIZ, will er slisil ;entire , "isles,. 'a isilessni , y reit• peep...es sps.o .11111. i P. nests es, sill he ...Wrist Illvery raw saw sllswed es sell Ivo saws ;she,. at 3rs ..rs his ir , orising snit 0.4 .0. iotoroov••••1 either sr fore* -yr ml'lol,llo , iSln. IF .1, fesseiv.i-er met, re4re.• inns? n. "resew is •.0.0. leinsiver isw pri•i4es, sail nn net. MIMS •••rolTl.ll. If ,fiteri• rill riw-wes,e. 'Sr's ono tiplr• %in •!...tr • th.-• oyit 3.••••••••iltl, OK Ir. rff • tester's,. en p•..: ?v. the p•-•r0..5.41 moo: •gig•ier•foo•l. •sass. for sit, :hi., ins v a ▪ if. r .: • • •,.:••••”• • 11' . 401, w ▪ ii...!gmtp- th..or late. sari ere issemearity -test? with. snit if tiro .14 ''%•• •if - ...11 1 11Ty t , NW fire , in* *NAT whey ,f •he isr , Oren the inesi+ep,seer *lliee'rim .1, 0 1 ha if iseemeasee, .0 ; respect fin' We OVA ti • • •••••• liar .s reearres,..4 heirless "sem, yont.re ft/ qt. .r. triehirreal ".t" ...mt. 'lgo .iteseeleept feetires drirlf • efi•lo. and eMrw v• • sail rept.g....l ••otisregiga. m..f •%•.: is,,. ...yr.—. tf th, try• .isseifire • of 'lgo mmtgoriti••• torlosio • 1.1.• ..0-1/ lotto. .imog , 4 No: sew_ rapt penalties iseirieel 'bet *71104 ..iiierpol erril•• see emus re•ieqe.... owl *pint stew know ?hey iesee •ta. stria -. poorr of ego.' esaiseeinereseels. aside's w. ere piiet theist, ',is sieve in, reisoissia's ...alit 4 la., shales. r., rep?' • every farts •if irs.lesee. ,f :go the fare of s ii-setasseee. •heir fog! to illf• ••borigg thaw !Dory .h.,404 An 4.4 U. fall reinsies•ilelite • tie., iroxf... tr.... IVY it t. Mr, rips? tan..? om....••••••foitir toot., i s,rli tho .••••••••••••4 pnw.•r 4 U. ittate. sal 4 fit** agony of ow .41... • s 41..trrog.n.stoot to mt• prmortif sad 0.00 lately fir prooortrotoog 4 opplior. 4..t0r• spit VW it I, slissoioll.laii• sea eh. .wir. g . is theme "...soya. rivesea, suet U. teeters of ties edema eke.. switho.resT fawns.! wpm* 8.0.4 *hear 1 tarsals's: seat I. 4011•••• twoll feseireity SII•l rally puree,. s he is levelly reireired fie pewee setts stir lily sat,{ rM smelt seesaw. pesserefilass tlsw throat.. tire pear. sal reewietty rte. iroo.l. inanity. sail •le.a.siwishil• !sell tbs. ifegeor•••mogo. antittotta fot tho arittiorp. so it ttor 4•••••• 12 sohyorte.l to •onnever• •sp••••••• •-• ••,,ine so eurr••••tio• time 1 1 annitiory $2 , 4••••• f,••••• 4 •t!... ,•• ...• V •••• e•irlify 1... at it. ,gs oopnota. trio lo tat '*4 *re Meta. jl. •N••••• r•pr•s• this ferfnotoot sprit. 42.-••••2 -• • ••••• yr Mo.; .a-am rt... 41 nee.. to 12•42* Mono. r , t-o•n• far to ito•or the eitatity ..f ?to. riotoe••, a 1 ano••• tit." penaltie• that war% • • • tss-r Neww to ow , tiM .1••• re ire .t •• Nw tie Vrerai.. As., p-rtnvin tier. (1-o -no• an lit May bo pooling • .11any - rhn• 0* bare to h••••• s‘iimpopsoisss 1114. 0. . Mot mini, role nowt preset. ectiMmlt 111/ 1104,1tA hi, "'mimes% that rot;,• revue ~f • .11••••••• an.. 2 perotit• 45••••1 tn.; foto. pore.. itself t., airtoal.ll 'be lan. owl *lwo as ..tfols•i••• • *Tenn.". ieinoi C. 4 at the !ease" "mot raw* • •at. jary hot •Ptil Ivo/ •repsids•tsr• Ring a rno.-It•ry lostooo. awl heiotril.fr • 'lO *we. anal ita sottooltyr int., n•••••••••Iroo,,,,A. iv hi et arm./ .20 Ir. ;•••••••••t a rare"* .4" 916....414. or tem matte the P., el •41.-ory sad oteisosete avow visitant end .seeder. and .foo•vos.4•• !bola from b•.. - In; and spipty lag to the Ktoessive sipoio mrry ermonn of an alarm nr tamede era rinWsoure so orhoi,h I nave given peti•nt slat lottatoontliva.l., on.l the fntl•artni plan Witt. I to4lvrao • prootioal t..t of Ho. •fiarontiota Aloof Shift 4 musty to volf.on•• tb. Iser awl imam.* s oevior vs"- in its limit*. i reeontononi 'be insoistopewt of •kw tneopoweriaig tbo etmerif. otiesnovor a Ant .or Amor der is inotioont • to apply to tboomert We tonatt ty, awl aro that sworn oieritlieste of el 4 steel, that vanl riot nr. +0w1... rtioni * Tmiss, *aid , oint to aotboriito tits , stsevillr Mfr o•fpnevo • ennstaholary fore.• estiolent to lea 'be lioter‘ twee, awl to struntato then* wavier bii. .itonosi o i* an , i control motif there is no loose+ now" foe !foie nreieo.. Th. f.r.• o. fiewoteco4 ,••• pwld and !h. e.swrr , while +IV 4.01`, 10114 for... rl ....? a. ..folieetv 'boo. Fr .1 lop, at. 'S. rss ~..~l`lrt +......i RM. -- .. 1, 411.1Mtz .110. 11 1 4 vinumer ost4 4 +s. .r ..•. ,~;~ Fi° 4. s r, t ~. 4 '11.• 11.-etwl Mr 0. 10. laisa .4 !C.... awe , ar4 a3-s. 1111W4,. Ire* pew, aLet S.* sr* pli ro., Inv • IP. silo* ar .ap". . rlrAwrem owe 1. +V' rm.? 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Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers