ho ® BERLIN i © WARSAW GERMANY HITLER'S PATH TO THE UKRAINE WHEAT FIELDS? 'CZECHIA’ SLOVAKIA “Independent” state created by Hitler and strongly pro Nasi Populace charged old CARPATHO- UKRAINE Biggest storm center, Prague government fi SRuN h / LLL rg PEN LLL LLL AUSTRIA J ro ANU SAP BY 8. C FCHER) with unfair rule. 2! EDITOR'S NOTE—When opinions are expressed in these columns, they are those of the news analyst, and not necessarily of the mewspaper. Europe Died, at the age of 20, Czechoslovakia; born of World war opportunism, suc- cumbed a victim of its own unnatural unity. 2 Adolf Hitler might place that in- scription on the national tombstone of a nation he snuffed out. Partial- ly he would be right. But Czecho- slovakia’s ‘‘unnatural unity’’ might have become natural had not the flames of discontent been fanned by Berlin and Vienna. Immediate cause of death was a Slovakian in- dependence movement, but good in- ternational physicians look behind the immediate cause to make their post mortem decision, finding that Czechoslovakia's death agony con- forms with diagnoses made through- out its short life: Birth: On May 30, 1918, Czecho- slovakia was born at Pittsburgh, Pa. Attending physician was Thom- as G. Masaryk, a modern George Washington who pooled the causes of two depressed peoples. Until the war Czechs were dominated by Aus- tria, and Slovaks by Hungary. What could be more natural than a joint independence declaration? Though Czechs dominated the ne- gotiations, shrewd Doctor Masaryk foresaw trouble if Slovaks were mis- treated. Said the Pittsburgh pact: “Slovakia shall have its own admin- istration . parliament :. a courts. The Slovak language shall be official . . .” But not until November, 1938, did German pres- sure force the central Prague gov- ernment to grant Slovaks an auton- omy which had been denied because “changing conditions’ demanded a solid national front. Another ex- cuse: May 30, 1918, was a U. S. national holiday, hence the pact was not binding. Hliness. Pride may ké®p the pa- tient from admitting his ill health, Czech nation’s headache for 20 years, but meanwhile both Slovaks and Czechs found enough mutual delight keep the autonomy movement well under cover. Even this novelty can wear off, however, and by 1938 Czechs, Slovaks, Sudeten Germans, Ruthenians, Hungarians, Poles, Ukrainians and Rumanians each found cause to complam of racial discrimination. This was the era of national unity, when Adolf Hitler was ‘‘rescuing” all good Germans from foreign flags, and when Poland, Hungary and Rumania followed the leader. Throughout last summer Berlin fomented dissension among Sudeten Germans in the Czech bor- derlands. At Munich a defeated Prague government—deserted by London and Paris—ceded Sudeten- land. A month later Poland and Hungary each took their share, but debilitated Czechoslovakia soon re- gained its feet. One successful med- icine was autonomy for both Slo- vakia and Ruthenia, which gave the patient rest if not recovery. An- other was the Munich pledge by Britain and France: ‘“His majesty’'s government . . . and the French government have entered into the (Munich pact) on the basis that they stand by the of- fer . . of Anglo-French proposals of September 19 relating to an in- ternational guarantee of the new boundaries of the Czechoslovak state against unprovoked aggres- sion." Death. (See Map). That Adolf Hit- ler hopes eventually to control Rus- sia’s rich Ukraine is no secret. Since Munich his overlordship in Czecho- slovakia has aimed in that diree- tion. Both Slovakia and Carpatho- Ukraine (Ruthenia) held the father of their autonomy in high regard, willing that he should build toward the day when German troops could use Czechoslovakia as a corridor to the Ukraine. But one weak state is easier to handle than three young upstart nations, hence Hitler pre- ferred autonomy to independence. He also hoped Hungary would dare not grab Ruthenia to get its common border with Poland, since this might block the Ukraine drive, Always an opportunist, Der Fuehr- er made the most of overnight de- velopments. Slovakia revolted against Prague. Carpatho-Ukraine declared its independence und was immediately gobbled up by Hungary and Rumania. Remembering that Bismarck once said ‘he who con- trols Bohemia is master of Europe,” Germany forced what was left of Czechoslovakia (Bohemia and Mo- ravia) into the Reich. Slovakia was granted “‘independence.” The op- eration having been successful, the patient died as expected; Czecho- slovakia was no more. In Memoriam. Only a few days earlier London and Paris were boasting that dictator appeasement was ended, that democracy’'s star was rising and totalitarianism’s fall- ing. Prime Minister Chamberlain and Home Secretary Sir Samuel Hoare even proposed a disarmament parley, showing their blissful igno- rance of the situation. When Prague collapsed, France and Britain bland- ly declared it was no concern of theirs because (1) the Czech guar- antee had never been ratified and (2) anyway, this was “internal dis- ruption,” not “unprovoked aggres- sion.” The real reason was far more cunning, though it could be inter- preted only as a continuation of the modern Anglo-French disincli- nation to face issues squarely. Eu- rope’s democracies realize that Italy would never push her Mediterranean demands against France without German help, and digestion of his new conquests will keep Der Fuehr- er busy for some time. But—most important—Germany moved its the- ater of activity away from western Europe and toward the borders of hostile Russia. France and Britain forlornly hope Hitler will march blindly into the Ukraine, engaging Russia in a war which might spell death for both Naziism and Com- munism, But both Hitler and Russia's Jo- seph Stalin are probably too smart to invite such chaos. Even as Hitler was — DICTATOR STALIN Whither Hitler after Prague? marched into Prague the eighteenth Communist congress was meeting in Moscow. Dictator Stalin sent a prominent Ukrainian delegate to the platform with this unpleasant message: ‘““Whoever dares . . . cut our frontiers will be destroyed like a mad dog. Fascist ringleaders send secret agents to our country . . . But let them know that we will annihilate them like loathsome creatures.” Careful observers see one of three solutions, listed in order of likeli- hood: (1) Hitler will reconcile dif- ferences with Russia via a trade and military pact holding fearful impli- cations for world democracies; (2) the entire Russ-German issue will be dropped, blocked by Polish-Hun- garian-Rumanian unwillingness to surrender Ruthenia as a German path to the east; (3) a middle-Eu- rope campaign will be started to nationalize all Ukraines, inevitably leading to a Russ-German war, People Discovered, at work in an Eng- lish motor works, 22-year-old Grand Duke Viadimir, claimant to the Rus- sian throne. Reason: “Russia will need our practical experience.” @ Selected, as U. 8S. ambassador to Russia, Laurence A. now ambassador to Peru, succeeding Jo- seph Davies, who was shifted to Bel gium last May, Congress Said Virginia's Rep. Clifton Wood- rum, house economy leader who was ousted as head of the relief subcom- mittee: “I have not changed my be- lief that the amount appropriated was sufficient to carry WPA through the year. However, I am open to conviction.” Answered President Roosevelt, who has repeated his request for $150,000,000 more WPA funds: “The responsibility . . . rests . . with congress.” Spending is the woe of most U. S. senators and representatives, yet the early March economy bloc which threatened to wreck administra- tion financial plans has already reached an amazingly effective stalemate. Reasons: (1) by plac- ing responsibility for an economy- inspired business slump on congress’ shoulders, President Roosevelt washes his hands of the conse- quences, thereby causing constitu- ent-wary legislators to backwater; (2) both the President and congress realize that while the legislative branch will fight new spending pro- posals, the White House can simi- larly exercise veto power over anti- New Deal legislation. Facts of the impasse: Debt. Mr. Roosevelt is willing to drop his request for a boost in the public debt limit from $45,000,000,000 to $50,000,000,000. But the alterna- tives, offered by Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau Jr., are little rnore inviting: (1) increase the bond limit over its present $30,000,000,000 to be reached by Sep- tember 30; (2) borrow funds for the treasury through Reconstruction Fi- nance corporation or other agencies not falling within the general bud- get's scope; (3) issue $3,752.000,000 SECRETARY MORGENTHAU His alternatives were uninviting. in notes and bills, all that remains before the $15,000,000,000 limit is reached on these types of securities. White House insistence on one course or the other indicates the un- likelihood of shaving expenditures. Taxation. Though repeal of capi- tal gains and undivided profits levies is a major congressional aim this session, the normal tax rate must then be boosted unless a substantial budget slash is effected. The new burden would fall most heavily on the smaller 153,000 firms out of some 200,000 corporations which pay fed- eral taxes. One of the few alterna- tives is to lower income tax exemp- tions, which would mean political suicide for congressmen. Relief. Though $750,000,000 in de- ficiency funds were voted in Febru- ary to maintain WPA until June 30, the President has twice requested restoration of the remaining $150,- 000,000 on pain of discharging 1,200,- 000 workers. White House estimate: If the $150,000,000 is not forthcom- ing, 400,000 must be dropped April 1, another 600,000 May 1, another 200,000 in June, This would also have major political repercussions. Miscellany Probably lost by Chicago Jews, their vote in Chicago's mayoral election April 4, which is observed strictly by orthodox Jews as the first day of Passover, Headliners LUIGI CARDINAL MAGLIONE The new, 62-year-old papal sec- retary of state is a lifelong friend and one-time classmate of the former Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli, m who appointed him after being elevated to the post of Pope Pius XII. Ordained in 1901 in his native Italy, Cardinal Maglione imme- diately entered the Vatican's dip- lomatic service, k going to Switzer- Ce land in 1918 and Maglione , pajcstine in 1920 as archbishop of Caesaria. His first nunciature was in Switz- erland but it was in France that he gained such appreciation that he won the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor. In 1835, when created a cardinal, he received his biretta from the hands of the French president. Since then he has been in Rome as head of the congregation of the council. His appointment to the papal state secretaryship is considered sig silica of the Vatican's contin strong position to- talitarian states, EN neerain io. government has registered dis pleasure over the appointment WHO’S NEWS THIS WEEK By LEMUEL F. PARTON | EW YORK.—Young Sherman M. Fairchild inherited about $10,- 000,000, and the money took wings— not around the night spots, but in Fos : aviation enter- Heir Pools His prises which Money, Brains; have made him Aviation Profits ©°n¢ of the main panjandrums of the plane designing and building in- dustry. Just now, the Civil Aeronautics authority certifies Mr. Fairchild’s new 500-horsepower ‘‘in-line’’ en- gine, which, he says, has more pow- { been pioneering the “in-line” en- In 1836, he sold 20 His en- { i His father, the late George W. Fairchild, began his business career on $8 a week, invented the dial telephone, the comput- ing scale, and the adding ma- chine. He wanted his son to become a junior executive of International Business Machines corporation. The young man, however, was interested mainly in cameras, At 17, he had in- vented a revolutionary flashlight camera, and, at 21, a radial aerial camera. He organized Fairchild Aerial an air camera survey of New York, with a six-mile camera of his inven- in that field. By 1927, he had corraled several companies in the Fairchild Aviation corporation, had Igor Sigorsky build- first cabin monoplane in the United States. In Harvard at the start of the war, he was rejected for mili- tary service because of physical shortcomings, later remedied in Arizona. Intent on war duty of some kind, he brought out an aerial camera for war use, completed just before the Armi- stice. He is typical of a num- ber of free and adventurous self- starters in Uncle Sam's industri- al and technical establishment who can be rounded up in case of trouble—a refutation of the totalitarian belief that only the goose-step can yield efficiency. self mn EVERAL notable moving pic- tures of recent appearance have achieved portraits rather than cari- catures. They also have shown a trend away from the star system and a new reli- Moving Picture Renaissance Is Looming High @nce on coherent form in the pic- ture as a whole. Chastened by hard times, the films are taking thought and adding cubits to their stature. This bystander hears much talk of & coming moving picture renais- sance—not in any splendiferous out- break, but in a new infusion of cre- ative intelligence into the industry, and a longer tether for the same. In focus here is “Stagecoach,” opening in New York with gen- erous salutations by reviewers, who note that, with a no-star cast, a natural-born horse opera has been conjured into an ex- cellent film by the deft artistry of John Ford, director, and Dud- ley Nichols, scenarist. They also scored, jointly, in “The Hurricane” and “The Inform. er.” This film is commended for its further trend toward sim- plicity and artistic integrity, and away from overemphasis, the traditional occupational disease of Hollywood—on or off the lot. Mr. Ford, born Sean O'Fearna, in Portland, Maine, 44 years ago, thinks moving picture directors see too little of the world about them in proportion to what they record. Renoir had the same idea, insisting that, if an artist observed intently enough and long enough, his line would be almost seif-recording. So Mr. Ford stokes his pipe, medi. tates, observes, studies types, speech, dress, mannerisms, be- havior, regional and occupational traits, and achieves characteriza- tion. His older brother, Francis, was ahead of him at Hollywood, as a serial star and director. John Ford tagged along and soon had his brother working for he was 25, he had ADVENTUROUS AMERICANS y Elmo Scott Watson A River Is Their Memorial WAY back in 1739 Pierre and Paul Mallet, Canadian traders, heard of the wealth of far-away Santa Fe where, it was said, the Spanish senors wore silver buttons had silver heels on their slippers. So they enlisted six other venture- some Canadians and after a long journey by boat and pack train, ar- rived in the New Mexican capital. Knit Oval Rag Rug In Various Colors By RUTH WYETH SPEARS O MANY of you have asked for “” the rug leaflet with the books offered below that I am sketching still another interesting rug for you here. Keep it for your scrap book, and be sure to order the leaflet to add to your collection of rug ideas, ( Cut or tear the rags % inch wide and use knitting needles % inch in diameter. Knit the oval center first. Cast on four stitches and increase one at the end of each row until the depth of the STRP 76 LONG es oncnd ix i 7 3 \ 5 »STRY 112 CP bons ’ . —~——r n ly but there was a law against free trading. So the Mallets start- ed north, crossed the headwaters of the Canadian (called the Colorado by the Spaniards because of its red waters) and followed up the Pur- gatoire to its junction with the Ar- kansas. There the party split up. Three of the men, who were home- sick, started overland for Canada and eventually reached Montreal safely. The Mallets, accompanied by two others, went down the Arkansas and the Mississippi to New Orleans, where they reported their explora- tions to Bienville, the governor, whose efforts to find a route to San- ta Fe had been unsuccessful. He engaged them to guide another ex- pedition led by Andre de la Bruyere, a royal officer, who was to ascend correctly guessed arose “less than 40 leagues from Santa When the Canadian dwindled to a mere brook Oklahoma, Bruyere sat down to wait for it to rise, instead of buying horses from the Osages to transport his goods, as the Mallets advised him to do. But it was a dry year ere went back to New Orleans. The Mallets returned to Canada, where they disappeared from history, but mile-long to the wanderings memorial “whose two . * Klondike Kate ER neighbors in Bend, Ore., know her as Mrs. John Matson, took her from behind its She was in Seattle when the stam- self in work is 4-inches, then knit evenly for 10-inches. Bind off one stitch at the end of each row until you have four stitches left. Bind these off. The diagram gives the dimen- sions and colors for the bands that are sewn to this center oval. Cast on seven stitches to start band. For the outside band, with color 3. Knit 7 cut the fabric strip and sew color 4 to it. Continue. Use a large crochet hook and fabric strips to { crochet around the oval and the | outside edges of the bands. Sew | together with double carpet thread. Note: Mrs. Spears’ Sewing Book Novelties les, contains 48 pages of step-by- step directions which have } y § each start wes, then and Embroider sipec | Book 1-SEWING, { Decorator. | clos 25 cents for each b you order both books, copy new Rag Rug Leaflet will cluded free. Those whe books may secure leaflet cents in postage. Address Mrs. Spears, 210 S. Desplaines St., Chi- 1 cago, IL ng ing THE GOOD CITIZEN i“ HE first requisite of a good cin zen in this republic of ours is that he be able and willing to pull his | weight." —Theodore Roosevelt. BRUESTION Why are Luden’s like lemons? They showered their nuggets “Klondike Kate" —she often a miner gave her $750 in “dust” simply for the privilege of sitting and talking to her. little of her money back to the States with her when the boom days were over. Finally in 1933 she re- ceived a letter from 70-year-old John Matson, who had known her in the Dawson City days and who wanted to marry her. The marriage took place in Vancouver, B. C. Then she settled down in the little Oregon city, no longer the fa- mous ‘Klondike Kate,” the toast of Alaskan gold camps, but “Aunt Kate” to the home-folks. * ® . First Into Antarctic T BEY tell tall tales of explora- tions in the Antarctic. None of them can compare, though, with the adventure is the standard. the Antarctic continent. kee, Nat Palmer was still only in his teens when he made the voy- age as skipper of the sloop Hero. RNSWER Both contain a factor that helps contribute to your alkaline reserve, LUDEN'S 5¢ MENTHOL COUGH DROPS Well-Trained Mind This is a proof of a well-trained mind, to rejoice in what is good and to grieve at the opposite.— | Cicero. BILIOUS? i itions Due to Siugpish Bowels It think sll ixxatives Bike, Just try this ams {os i : HX bedschen Dios pela, tired tesiing when Without Risk £70.52° 0 20 = oes Make the pest — then if not delighted, return the Dox to us. We will refund the purchase rie hat's fair, ALWAYS CARRY og L380 REE [= AUMS (con Ao, Nasi Meaning of Poverty Poverty does not mean the pes session of little, but the nonpos. session of much. —Antipater. time was only 50 feet long—half the size of the sailboat “America,” orig- inal winner of the first America’s Cup race in 1851. The voyage is more remarkable, too, when you consider that it was made almost 100 years before the poles were finally reached. Palmer himself has said, “1 point. ed the bow of the little craft to the south’ard and, with her ADVERTISING IS as essential to business as is rain to growing crops. It is the keystone in the arch of Let us show you how to apply it to your business.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers