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© WARSAW
GERMANY
HITLER'S PATH TO
THE UKRAINE
WHEAT FIELDS?
'CZECHIA’
SLOVAKIA
“Independent” state
created by Hitler and
strongly pro Nasi
Populace charged old
CARPATHO-
UKRAINE
Biggest storm center,
Prague government
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EDITOR'S NOTE—When opinions are
expressed in these columns, they are those
of the news analyst, and not necessarily
of the mewspaper.
Europe
Died, at the age of 20, Czechoslovakia;
born of World war opportunism, suc-
cumbed a victim of its own unnatural
unity. 2
Adolf Hitler might place that in-
scription on the national tombstone
of a nation he snuffed out. Partial-
ly he would be right. But Czecho-
slovakia’s ‘‘unnatural unity’’ might
have become natural had not the
flames of discontent been fanned by
Berlin and Vienna. Immediate
cause of death was a Slovakian in-
dependence movement, but good in-
ternational physicians look behind
the immediate cause to make their
post mortem decision, finding that
Czechoslovakia's death agony con-
forms with diagnoses made through-
out its short life:
Birth: On May 30, 1918, Czecho-
slovakia was born at Pittsburgh,
Pa. Attending physician was Thom-
as G. Masaryk, a modern George
Washington who pooled the causes
of two depressed peoples. Until the
war Czechs were dominated by Aus-
tria, and Slovaks by Hungary. What
could be more natural than a
joint independence declaration?
Though Czechs dominated the ne-
gotiations, shrewd Doctor Masaryk
foresaw trouble if Slovaks were mis-
treated. Said the Pittsburgh pact:
“Slovakia shall have its own admin-
istration . parliament :. a
courts. The Slovak language shall
be official . . .” But not until
November, 1938, did German pres-
sure force the central Prague gov-
ernment to grant Slovaks an auton-
omy which had been denied because
“changing conditions’ demanded a
solid national front. Another ex-
cuse: May 30, 1918, was a U. S.
national holiday, hence the pact was
not binding.
Hliness. Pride may ké®p the pa-
tient from admitting his ill health,
Czech nation’s headache for 20 years,
but meanwhile both Slovaks and
Czechs found enough mutual delight
keep the autonomy movement well
under cover. Even this novelty
can wear off, however, and by 1938
Czechs, Slovaks, Sudeten Germans,
Ruthenians, Hungarians, Poles,
Ukrainians and Rumanians each
found cause to complam of racial
discrimination. This was the era
of national unity, when Adolf Hitler
was ‘‘rescuing” all good Germans
from foreign flags, and when Poland,
Hungary and Rumania followed the
leader. Throughout last summer
Berlin fomented dissension among
Sudeten Germans in the Czech bor-
derlands. At Munich a defeated
Prague government—deserted by
London and Paris—ceded Sudeten-
land. A month later Poland and
Hungary each took their share, but
debilitated Czechoslovakia soon re-
gained its feet. One successful med-
icine was autonomy for both Slo-
vakia and Ruthenia, which gave
the patient rest if not recovery. An-
other was the Munich pledge by
Britain and France:
‘“His majesty’'s government . . .
and the French government have
entered into the (Munich pact) on
the basis that they stand by the of-
fer . . of Anglo-French proposals
of September 19 relating to an in-
ternational guarantee of the new
boundaries of the Czechoslovak
state against unprovoked aggres-
sion."
Death. (See Map). That Adolf Hit-
ler hopes eventually to control Rus-
sia’s rich Ukraine is no secret. Since
Munich his overlordship in Czecho-
slovakia has aimed in that diree-
tion. Both Slovakia and Carpatho-
Ukraine (Ruthenia) held the father
of their autonomy in high regard,
willing that he should build toward
the day when German troops could
use Czechoslovakia as a corridor to
the Ukraine. But one weak state is
easier to handle than three young
upstart nations, hence Hitler pre-
ferred autonomy to independence.
He also hoped Hungary would dare
not grab Ruthenia to get its common
border with Poland, since this might
block the Ukraine drive,
Always an opportunist, Der Fuehr-
er made the most of overnight de-
velopments. Slovakia revolted
against Prague. Carpatho-Ukraine
declared its independence und was
immediately gobbled up by Hungary
and Rumania. Remembering that
Bismarck once said ‘he who con-
trols Bohemia is master of Europe,”
Germany forced what was left of
Czechoslovakia (Bohemia and Mo-
ravia) into the Reich. Slovakia was
granted “‘independence.” The op-
eration having been successful, the
patient died as expected; Czecho-
slovakia was no more.
In Memoriam. Only a few days
earlier London and Paris were
boasting that dictator appeasement
was ended, that democracy’'s star
was rising and totalitarianism’s fall-
ing. Prime Minister Chamberlain
and Home Secretary Sir Samuel
Hoare even proposed a disarmament
parley, showing their blissful igno-
rance of the situation. When Prague
collapsed, France and Britain bland-
ly declared it was no concern of
theirs because (1) the Czech guar-
antee had never been ratified and
(2) anyway, this was “internal dis-
ruption,” not “unprovoked aggres-
sion.”
The real reason was far more
cunning, though it could be inter-
preted only as a continuation of
the modern Anglo-French disincli-
nation to face issues squarely. Eu-
rope’s democracies realize that Italy
would never push her Mediterranean
demands against France without
German help, and digestion of his
new conquests will keep Der Fuehr-
er busy for some time. But—most
important—Germany moved its the-
ater of activity away from western
Europe and toward the borders of
hostile Russia. France and Britain
forlornly hope Hitler will march
blindly into the Ukraine, engaging
Russia in a war which might spell
death for both Naziism and Com-
munism,
But both Hitler and Russia's Jo-
seph Stalin are probably too smart
to invite such chaos. Even as Hitler
was —
DICTATOR STALIN
Whither Hitler after Prague?
marched into Prague the eighteenth
Communist congress was meeting
in Moscow. Dictator Stalin sent a
prominent Ukrainian delegate to
the platform with this unpleasant
message: ‘““Whoever dares . . . cut
our frontiers will be destroyed like
a mad dog. Fascist ringleaders
send secret agents to our country
. . . But let them know that we will
annihilate them like loathsome
creatures.”
Careful observers see one of three
solutions, listed in order of likeli-
hood: (1) Hitler will reconcile dif-
ferences with Russia via a trade and
military pact holding fearful impli-
cations for world democracies; (2)
the entire Russ-German issue will
be dropped, blocked by Polish-Hun-
garian-Rumanian unwillingness to
surrender Ruthenia as a German
path to the east; (3) a middle-Eu-
rope campaign will be started to
nationalize all Ukraines, inevitably
leading to a Russ-German war,
People
Discovered, at work in an Eng-
lish motor works, 22-year-old Grand
Duke Viadimir, claimant to the Rus-
sian throne. Reason: “Russia will
need our practical experience.”
@ Selected, as U. 8S. ambassador to
Russia, Laurence A. now
ambassador to Peru, succeeding Jo-
seph Davies, who was shifted to Bel
gium last May,
Congress
Said Virginia's Rep. Clifton Wood-
rum, house economy leader who was
ousted as head of the relief subcom-
mittee: “I have not changed my be-
lief that the amount appropriated
was sufficient to carry WPA through
the year. However, I am open to
conviction.”
Answered President Roosevelt,
who has repeated his request for
$150,000,000 more WPA funds: “The
responsibility . . . rests . . with
congress.”
Spending is the woe of most U. S.
senators and representatives, yet
the early March economy bloc which
threatened to wreck administra-
tion financial plans has already
reached an amazingly effective
stalemate. Reasons: (1) by plac-
ing responsibility for an economy-
inspired business slump on congress’
shoulders, President Roosevelt
washes his hands of the conse-
quences, thereby causing constitu-
ent-wary legislators to backwater;
(2) both the President and congress
realize that while the legislative
branch will fight new spending pro-
posals, the White House can simi-
larly exercise veto power over anti-
New Deal legislation. Facts of the
impasse:
Debt. Mr. Roosevelt is willing to
drop his request for a boost in the
public debt limit from $45,000,000,000
to $50,000,000,000. But the alterna-
tives, offered by Secretary of the
Treasury Henry Morgenthau Jr., are
little rnore inviting: (1) increase
the bond limit over its present
$30,000,000,000 to be reached by Sep-
tember 30; (2) borrow funds for the
treasury through Reconstruction Fi-
nance corporation or other agencies
not falling within the general bud-
get's scope; (3) issue $3,752.000,000
SECRETARY MORGENTHAU
His alternatives were uninviting.
in notes and bills, all that remains
before the $15,000,000,000 limit is
reached on these types of securities.
White House insistence on one
course or the other indicates the un-
likelihood of shaving expenditures.
Taxation. Though repeal of capi-
tal gains and undivided profits levies
is a major congressional aim this
session, the normal tax rate must
then be boosted unless a substantial
budget slash is effected. The new
burden would fall most heavily on
the smaller 153,000 firms out of some
200,000 corporations which pay fed-
eral taxes. One of the few alterna-
tives is to lower income tax exemp-
tions, which would mean political
suicide for congressmen.
Relief. Though $750,000,000 in de-
ficiency funds were voted in Febru-
ary to maintain WPA until June 30,
the President has twice requested
restoration of the remaining $150,-
000,000 on pain of discharging 1,200,-
000 workers. White House estimate:
If the $150,000,000 is not forthcom-
ing, 400,000 must be dropped April
1, another 600,000 May 1, another
200,000 in June, This would also
have major political repercussions.
Miscellany
Probably lost by Chicago Jews,
their vote in Chicago's mayoral
election April 4, which is observed
strictly by orthodox Jews as the
first day of Passover,
Headliners
LUIGI CARDINAL MAGLIONE
The new, 62-year-old papal sec-
retary of state is a lifelong friend
and one-time classmate of the
former Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli,
m who appointed
him after being
elevated to the
post of Pope Pius
XII. Ordained in
1901 in his native
Italy, Cardinal
Maglione imme-
diately entered
the Vatican's dip-
lomatic service,
k going to Switzer-
Ce land in 1918 and
Maglione , pajcstine in
1920 as archbishop of Caesaria.
His first nunciature was in Switz-
erland but it was in France that
he gained such appreciation that
he won the Grand Cross of the
Legion of Honor. In 1835, when
created a cardinal, he received
his biretta from the hands of the
French president. Since then he
has been in Rome as head of the
congregation of the council. His
appointment to the papal state
secretaryship is considered sig
silica of the Vatican's contin
strong position to-
talitarian states, EN neerain io.
government has registered dis
pleasure over the appointment
WHO’S
NEWS
THIS
WEEK
By LEMUEL F. PARTON
| EW YORK.—Young Sherman M.
Fairchild inherited about $10,-
000,000, and the money took wings—
not around the night spots, but in
Fos : aviation enter-
Heir Pools His prises which
Money, Brains; have made him
Aviation Profits ©°n¢ of the main
panjandrums of
the plane designing and building in-
dustry.
Just now, the Civil Aeronautics
authority certifies Mr. Fairchild’s
new 500-horsepower ‘‘in-line’’ en-
gine, which, he says, has more pow-
{
been pioneering the “in-line” en-
In 1836, he sold 20
His en-
{
i
His father, the late George W.
Fairchild, began his business
career on $8 a week, invented
the dial telephone, the comput-
ing scale, and the adding ma-
chine. He wanted his son to
become a junior executive of
International Business Machines
corporation. The young man,
however, was interested mainly
in cameras, At 17, he had in-
vented a revolutionary flashlight
camera, and, at 21, a radial
aerial camera.
He organized Fairchild Aerial
an air camera survey of New York,
with a six-mile camera of his inven-
in that field.
By 1927, he had corraled several
companies in the Fairchild Aviation
corporation, had Igor Sigorsky build-
first cabin monoplane in the United
States.
In Harvard at the start of the
war, he was rejected for mili-
tary service because of physical
shortcomings, later remedied in
Arizona. Intent on war duty of
some kind, he brought out an
aerial camera for war use,
completed just before the Armi-
stice. He is typical of a num-
ber of free and adventurous self-
starters in Uncle Sam's industri-
al and technical establishment
who can be rounded up in case
of trouble—a refutation of the
totalitarian belief that only the
goose-step can yield efficiency.
self mn
EVERAL notable moving pic-
tures of recent appearance have
achieved portraits rather than cari-
catures. They also have shown a
trend away from
the star system
and a new reli-
Moving Picture
Renaissance Is
Looming High @nce on coherent
form in the pic-
ture as a whole. Chastened by hard
times, the films are taking thought
and adding cubits to their stature.
This bystander hears much talk of
& coming moving picture renais-
sance—not in any splendiferous out-
break, but in a new infusion of cre-
ative intelligence into the industry,
and a longer tether for the same.
In focus here is “Stagecoach,”
opening in New York with gen-
erous salutations by reviewers,
who note that, with a no-star
cast, a natural-born horse opera
has been conjured into an ex-
cellent film by the deft artistry
of John Ford, director, and Dud-
ley Nichols, scenarist. They
also scored, jointly, in “The
Hurricane” and “The Inform.
er.” This film is commended
for its further trend toward sim-
plicity and artistic integrity, and
away from overemphasis, the
traditional occupational disease
of Hollywood—on or off the lot.
Mr. Ford, born Sean O'Fearna, in
Portland, Maine, 44 years ago,
thinks moving picture directors see
too little of the world about them
in proportion to what they record.
Renoir had the same idea, insisting
that, if an artist observed intently
enough and long enough, his line
would be almost seif-recording. So
Mr. Ford stokes his pipe, medi.
tates, observes, studies types,
speech, dress, mannerisms, be-
havior, regional and occupational
traits, and achieves characteriza-
tion.
His older brother, Francis,
was ahead of him at Hollywood,
as a serial star and director.
John Ford tagged along and
soon had his brother working for
he was 25, he had
ADVENTUROUS
AMERICANS
y
Elmo Scott Watson
A River Is Their Memorial
WAY back in 1739 Pierre and
Paul Mallet, Canadian traders,
heard of the wealth of far-away
Santa Fe where, it was said, the
Spanish senors wore silver buttons
had silver heels on their slippers.
So they enlisted six other venture-
some Canadians and after a long
journey by boat and pack train, ar-
rived in the New Mexican capital.
Knit Oval Rag Rug
In Various Colors
By RUTH WYETH SPEARS
O MANY of you have asked for
“” the rug leaflet with the books
offered below that I am sketching
still another interesting rug for
you here. Keep it for your scrap
book, and be sure to order the
leaflet to add to your collection
of rug ideas, (
Cut or tear the rags % inch
wide and use knitting needles %
inch in diameter. Knit the oval
center first. Cast on four stitches
and increase one at the end of
each row until the depth of the
STRP 76 LONG es
oncnd ix i
7 3 \ 5
»STRY 112
CP bons
’ . —~——r n
ly but there was a law against
free trading. So the Mallets start-
ed north, crossed the headwaters of
the Canadian (called the Colorado
by the Spaniards because of its red
waters) and followed up the Pur-
gatoire to its junction with the Ar-
kansas. There the party split up.
Three of the men, who were home-
sick, started overland for Canada
and eventually reached Montreal
safely.
The Mallets, accompanied by two
others, went down the Arkansas and
the Mississippi to New Orleans,
where they reported their explora-
tions to Bienville, the governor,
whose efforts to find a route to San-
ta Fe had been unsuccessful. He
engaged them to guide another ex-
pedition led by Andre de la Bruyere,
a royal officer, who was to ascend
correctly guessed arose
“less than 40 leagues from Santa
When the Canadian dwindled
to a mere brook
Oklahoma, Bruyere sat down to wait
for it to rise, instead of buying
horses from the Osages to transport
his goods, as the Mallets advised
him to do. But it was a dry year
ere went back to New Orleans. The
Mallets returned to Canada, where
they disappeared from history, but
mile-long to the
wanderings
memorial
“whose
two
. *
Klondike Kate
ER neighbors in Bend, Ore.,
know her as Mrs. John Matson,
took her from behind its
She was in Seattle when the stam-
self in
work is 4-inches, then knit evenly
for 10-inches. Bind off one stitch
at the end of each row until you
have four stitches left. Bind these
off. The diagram gives the dimen-
sions and colors for the bands that
are sewn to this center oval. Cast
on seven stitches to start
band. For the outside band,
with color 3. Knit 7
cut the fabric strip and sew color
4 to it. Continue. Use a large
crochet hook and fabric strips to
{ crochet around the oval and the
| outside edges of the bands. Sew
| together with double carpet
thread.
Note: Mrs. Spears’ Sewing Book
Novelties
les, contains 48 pages of step-by-
step directions which have }
y §
each
start
wes, then
and Embroider
sipec
| Book 1-SEWING,
{ Decorator.
| clos 25 cents for each b
you order both books, copy
new Rag Rug Leaflet will
cluded free. Those whe
books may secure leaflet
cents in postage. Address Mrs.
Spears, 210 S. Desplaines St., Chi-
1
cago, IL
ng
ing
THE GOOD CITIZEN
i“ HE first requisite of a good cin
zen in this republic of ours is that
he be able and willing to pull his
| weight." —Theodore Roosevelt.
BRUESTION
Why are Luden’s like
lemons?
They showered their nuggets
“Klondike Kate" —she often
a miner gave her $750 in “dust”
simply for the privilege of sitting
and talking to her.
little of her money back to the
States with her when the boom days
were over. Finally in 1933 she re-
ceived a letter from 70-year-old
John Matson, who had known her
in the Dawson City days and who
wanted to marry her. The marriage
took place in Vancouver, B. C.
Then she settled down in the little
Oregon city, no longer the fa-
mous ‘Klondike Kate,” the toast of
Alaskan gold camps, but “Aunt
Kate” to the home-folks.
* ® .
First Into Antarctic
T BEY tell tall tales of explora-
tions in the Antarctic. None of
them can compare, though, with the
adventure is the standard.
the Antarctic continent.
kee, Nat Palmer was still only in
his teens when he made the voy-
age as skipper of the sloop Hero.
RNSWER
Both contain a factor
that helps contribute to
your alkaline reserve,
LUDEN'S 5¢
MENTHOL COUGH DROPS
Well-Trained Mind
This is a proof of a well-trained
mind, to rejoice in what is good
and to grieve at the opposite.—
| Cicero.
BILIOUS?
i itions Due to Siugpish Bowels
It think sll ixxatives
Bike, Just try this
ams {os
i :
HX bedschen Dios pela, tired tesiing when
Without Risk £70.52° 0 20 = oes
Make the pest — then
if not delighted, return the Dox to us. We will
refund the purchase
rie hat's fair,
ALWAYS CARRY og
L380 REE [=
AUMS (con Ao,
Nasi
Meaning of Poverty
Poverty does not mean the pes
session of little, but the nonpos.
session of much. —Antipater.
time was only 50 feet long—half the
size of the sailboat “America,” orig-
inal winner of the first America’s
Cup race in 1851.
The voyage is more remarkable,
too, when you consider that it was
made almost 100 years before the
poles were finally reached.
Palmer himself has said, “1 point.
ed the bow of the little craft to the
south’ard and, with her
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