tion, is demonstrating (right). By WILLIAM C. UTLEY dershirts may go, but with the first twinge of frosty weath- er there are still 12,000 men in the United States who are walk- manding red flannel underwear, adding one hundred thousand warm. Gone, however, are the days when digging ear-muffs out of a trun in the attic and chopping enough stove wood to fill the back yard con- he was not troubled with the knowl- edge that has now come to light through medical research that the temperature of the human body can not drop more than five degrees without causing death in most cases. “Getting hot'"—1937 style—in- volves not only coal miners and wood choppers, but scientists delv- ing into the mysteries of new kinds of heat, architects poring over blue- prints for automatically homes, and engineers supervising the operation of huge machines that work with machine-gun rapidity, stamping out the parts for boilers, burners and electric stoves. In the first place, there is matter of supplying enough fuel to heat the 12,000,000 homes and 2,- 000,000 commercial structures that require artificial heat when the mercury slides down towards the freezing point. $400,000,000 for Coal. All during the summer and fall, more than 600,000 men have been working with pick and shovel in mines throughout the country, piling up mountains of coal for protection against the arctic blasts to come. Coal dealers estimate that be- tween 50 and 60 per cent of the coal bought for heating purposes is shov- eled into furnaces during the win- ter months, bringing the United States’ coal bill for this season of the year alone to about $400,000,000, In the oil and gas fields of Okla- homa, Texas, California and Penn- sylvania, an army of 100,000 labor- ers is kept busy extracting gas and fuel oil to aid in the business of keeping warm. So rapidly has the heating of houses and buildings with fuel oil and gas increased in the past few years, that it is estimated 35,000,000 barrels of fuel oil will be needed this winter to keep modern furnaces roaring, and the bill will reach the staggering total of more than $150,000,000. Shivering house owners will dig down into their pockets for another $350,000,000 for gas, and additional thousands of dollars for electricity to run the most modern of all heat- ing equipment. Such tremendous expenditures for fuel were unheard of a generation or two ago, and in fact the mod- ern trend towards automatic heat- ing which is now sweeping the coun- try, and piling up huge fuel and equipment bills, did not begin in earnest until after the World war. The Two Kinds of Heat. Almost all the modern improve- ments in heating equipment which make life not only possible but com- fortable in the temperate zone, stem from experiments conducted not by isolated research experts, but by scientists working in the labora- tories of one of the country’s largest electrical companies that present day Americans are indebted for improvements that have come from the amazing discovery that there are essentially two kinds of heat: radiant and convected. which warm the body without nec- essarily having much effect on the surrounding air. As the result of this research investigations by scientists industrial concerns, engineers have found the answer to widely-varying problems in heating brought about by changed condi tions of modern living. They have ing 65 miles of steam conduits be- f from central heating plants to 2,000 On scale is the opposite end of the heating system in a bird house. Air-Conditioned Bird House. The steam-heated bird house, is the property of a California wom- training cgnaries to sing, she found it most effective to keep them shut up in large outside noises so that the birds would This brought on the problem of air-condi- tioning the bird house, and a com- with heat pipes enclosed in the walls continental airways, faced with the difficulties of passenger comfort on heating engineers, who have devel- oped a unique system for warming the huge passenger planes that now roar across the sky trails. and experiments, planes this winter will be warmed by ‘flying steam heat,” designed to maintain a temperature in the cab- ing the coldest weather. The flying heaters, which weigh only pounds, produce enough steam to heat a five-room house on the miniature boilers water, are engines, and the temperature is reg- ulated either by thermostats, or by controls in the pilot's compartment. Provision is made for a complete change of air in the transport planes every four minutes, so that the at- mosphere does not become “‘stuf- fy." Thawing Out Iron Ore. Before the take-off of each flight, and before the exhaust from the en- gines has had a chance to start the steam heater in operation, the inte- riors of the huge planes are warmed by special mobile heating units, maintained at the airports. These units, mounted on small trucks, pump warmed air into the cabins, thus bringing the temperature to the desired level before passengers enter the ship. Not only is human comfort in the wintertime dependent on scientific developments, but the business life of the nation as well, for industrial schedules must be maintained de- spite weather conditions. Here again, research experts in one in- dustry came to the rescue of an- other when engineers of the B. F. Goodrich company solved a stub- born problem at the root of all in- dustry by making it possible to ship iron ore in zero weather from the Great Lakes district. On the shores of Lake Superior, where snow and ice close in while the big ore boats are still running, carloads of wet iron ore freeze into solid chunks before they can be un- loaded. To meet this emergency, the engineers devised a hose of spe- cially compounded rubber through which super-heated steam is pumped into the cars, ctively thawing out the ore so that it can be handled quickly and efficiently and shipped to the steel mills as ood" to keep industry hum- effe ‘hile the ravenous demands of he steel mills are being satisfied, i } Iso had the problem of keeping food for the din- ner tables moving to the markets in winter. Tropical fruits, for instance, are brought into this country green, and then ripened in specially construct- ed heating rooms Jananas are put in rooms to ripen, with the temper- ature carefully regulated between 56 and 70 degrees 3y controlling the temperature of the ripening rooms, marketers can delay or hasten the the supply of ) h consum- ers in a steady stream. Grapefruit is ripened in specially-heated rooms at a temperature of 75 degrees and “air-conditioned are kept at a temperature of from 54 to 59 degrees until they are ready to be sold to the public. ‘ "" iemons Despite the emphasis on heat for food, industries and homes, the busi- ness of keeping warm has as one of the most troublesome problems the difficulty of keeping a nation com- fortable during the winter, while re- ‘ing fire hazards to the lowest possible point, The extent to which this is being accomplished can be the volume of business increased 34 per cent in the automatic heat- losses increased only 11.9 per cent. Fire Losses Decrease. According to statistics compiled by the authoritative Heating and business in the automatic heating automatic heating equipment amounted to only $41711,000. By 1936 this figure had increased to Meanwhile, fire losses in the Unit- ed States in 1936 totaled $263,250, 746, tional Board of Fire Underwriters, from the 1932 figure of $400,859,000. Nevertheless, there are still enough defective chimneys and flues left in the country so that it is estimated that about $10,000,000 worth of property will go up in smoke this coming winter, and a similar amount will be lost because of imperfect stoves, furnaces and boilers. As scientists attack this problem, as well as others, there is a hint that the future might see great changes not only in the type of heat- ers used, but in the kind of fuel, for recent experiments point to a time when we may get all or most of our heat from the sun. Dr. C. G. Abbot, head of the Smithsonian Institution, has recent ly developed a solar heater that is the most efficient yet produced. Uti- lizing the hot rays of the sun, re- flected by a bright metal sheet, he has succeeded in heating a black liquid called aroclor to a tempera- ture at which it can be used for turning water into steam. Experts declare that solar rays available for heat are at least 1,000 times as powerful as all the coal, oil and hydro-electric power now used. Al- though the conversion of sun rays into heat is still too costly to com- pete with the cheaper and better known fuels, scientists say the day may come when these are all ex- hausted, and when we will turn to the sun for heat and power, and the business of keeping warm will literally be done with mirrors. © Western Newspaper Union, ADVENTURERS’ CLUB HEADLINES FROM THE LIVES OF PEOPLE LIKE YOURSELF! “Stretching His Luck” By FLOYD GIBBONS Famous Headline Hunter ELLO, EVERYBODY: Teddy was a wing walker. You know, one of those birds Teddy always was a runt. That's why he was a wing walker. You covered wings of those Jennies the flying circuses were using right after They weren't built for wing walking. But Teddy walked ‘em, It was old stuff to him. It was so old he began to look around for something new to thrill the gaping crowds. Something that gave them a bigger kick than hanging by your knees He didn't know then it never pays to play the other fellow's game. But he learned. Well, sir, it was in a town the flying circus was playing out in Iowa It came to him as Reaching the topmost story, the fly somehow attached an ordinary inner tube to a window, sunk his teeth in the other end and hung there in the breeze. Teddy saw the stunt ‘‘got” the crowd. And it would knock 'em cold when he pulled it on a plane a thousand or so feet in the air. Human Fly Showed Him the Trick. When the fly came down to earth, Teddy introduced himself, invited him to supper. Maybe they hoisted a couple. Anyway, the fly warmed up enough to tell Teddy how it worked. Before he went to bed that night, the wing walker bought himself a couple of brand new inner tubes. The next day, out at the flying field, he rigged them as he had been instructed. High up on a wall he fastened an end of one. Then, climbing on a chair, he took the other end in his teeth and kicked the chair away. The darn thing stretched so far his feet touched the floor. the tube a couple feet higher and everything was fine. Day after day Teddy religiously practiced hanging from that tube to strengthen the muscles of his jaws and neck. It was z put on the front upper teeth that were bridgework, bu six weeks later Teddy was prepared to strut his stuff we go any further I had better tell you Teddy is Theodore Davidson of Galesburg, Ill. They still call “Dare Devil’ Davidson. He was all of that on a sunny afternoon, in September, 1819, in Mo- line, Ill., where the flying circus was putting on its show, making those He moved ry strain vy strain to a r held. And Before His Jaws Clamped Down om the Flapping End. Jennies do things they were never built for. The weather was perfect. So was the gate. And the performers were feeling pretty good as they took to the skies. Teddy Tried It Out in Moline. Especially Teddy. He was going to pop their eyes out with a brand new, death-defying stunt, performed for the first time in any land. It never occurred to him then, this would also be the last time. The inner tube was fastened securely to the axle of the undercarriage of the Jenny. And everything went off according to schedule until Teddy began lowering himself down that wriggling, slippery, flabby length “Right then,” Teddy says, “I could see I had stretched my luck too far.” Right there, too, he began learning a painful lesson in simple physics! He had failed to figure what effect the air resistance of his body would have upon the tubing. Hanging below the plane, moving sev- enty miles an hour, the drag of the air on Teddy added some thirty or forty pounds to the weight of that big rubber band. “That tube started stretching and stretching,” says Teddy, “and it was like a live thing as I slipped and fought it!" The more it stretched, the harder it was for a wing walker with a It had never acted that way in practice. Would What was he going to do about it? That was probably because he was it hold? Could it hold? he was too dumb to climb back. too busy holding on. Well, sir, that's one of the darned’st fixes I ever heard of. became worse. After rassling for ten minutes with that flexible support his arms tired. Then His Bridgework Gave Way. He slipped lower. Finally, he just had to let himself down to where he could sink his teeth into the gadget attached to the flapping end. His jaws clamped down on it. The rest of him was limp with weariness. His head forced back, he saw the tube stretch alarmingly as gusts of wind put more pressure on his body. There were six feet of it between him and the landing gear. In practice, it had never stretched to more than three! Teddy tried to relax as the plane circled fifteen hundred feet above the grandstand. His aching arms were folded, resting for that long climb to safety. He wasn't sure he could do it. But he was not permit- ted to dwell on the idea for long. There was a wrench, a crunch, a shoot of pain in Teddy's face. The bridgework that was Teddy's front uppers had crushed! The ends of the mouthpiece, however, were tucked away back where they were gripped by molars on both sides. Still gripping it, Teddy be- gan inching his way upward along that thing, twisted, tough tubing that had been put to such strange use. Well, boys and girls, there is no use prolonging the agony. “I made it, too,” Teddy says, “but by such a small margin I decided then and there to be satisfied with my old bag of tricks.” Teddy's story closes on a note of sadness. Those artificial teeth of his vanished into thin air during the minutes he struggled up that yield- ing rope of rubber. All the dough he made that dizzy day went to buy a new set, The wing walker says, “I'll never stretch my luck again.” ©~WNU Service, Roughness of Great Oceans The Pacific ocean is less subject Battle of Kites Japanese kites are flown by groups of boys in Japan in compe- titions, or ‘kite battles.” All sorts of decorative kites are made, light but quite strong, with special lines treated with a ground glass and glue mixture which makes them very sharp. In a battle, the idea is to see who can maneuver his string to storms than the Atlantic. This is due to various reasons, partly on account of its great extent and part. ly because there is no wide open- ing to the Arctic region. The nor. mal wind circulation is on the whole less modified in the North Pacific than in the Atlantic. The trade winds are generally weaker and less persistent in the Pacific, and the intervening belt of equatorial calms is greater. & A General Quiz 1. Which is greater, the diam- diameter between two 2. What is meant by the gentlest 3. Who was called the scourge of 4. Do United States vessels pay 5. What is meant by a repeating 6. Does the United States have a woman ambassador or minister to a foreign government? 7. What are the seven follies of 8. How may one change Centi- temperature? Answers 1. The latter, since the earth is 2. The term refers to letter writ- 3. Attila, king of the Fifth century, so styled himse 4. No. 5. It is repeated 66666 4- 6. Mrs only one, is mini to Norway. 7. The so-called follies of ence are the q ‘ the duplics cube, of the le, perpetual 1 fr man, the sci- + of the cir- cle, the tion Lrisec nie tals, IM FEELING FINE THIS MORNING = FREE FROM THAT THROBBING HEADACHE AND READY FOR A GOOD DAY'S All people who suffer occasionally from headaches ought to know this way to quick relief. At the first sign of such pain, take two Baver Aspirin tablets with a half glass of water. Some- times if the pain is more severe, a second dose 15 necessary later, ac- cording to directions, If headaches keep coming back we advise you to see your own physician. He will look for the cause in order to correct it. The price now is only 15¢ for twelve tablets or two full dozen for 25 cents — virtually, only a cent apiece. Knowledge and Experience Knowledge, like religion, must in order to be To Women: If you suffer every month you owe it to yourself to take note of Cardul and find out whether it will benefit you. . Functional pains of menstruation have, in many, many cases, been eased by Cardul. And where mal- nutrition (poor nourishment) had taken away women's strength, Car dul has been found to increase the
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers