—— By EDWARD W. PICKARD ATIICATION of the world court protocols received a setback when Senator Hiram Johnson, Republican, California, bitterly denounced such ac- tion as a “back door entry” to the League of Nations, and sen- ate leaders rather than risk an immedi ate vote, delayed defi nite action, Senator Johnson's attack came on the heels of wa special message to tae senate from President Roose. velt who asked for early ratification of the protocols. It was the most determined movement yet made to put the United States into the court, Other senators, it Is sald, were ready to follow Johnson's lead, par- ticularly Senator Borah, long time foe of the court. Johnson supported his opening at- tack on the court by offering four em- barrassing reservations to the resolu tion of ratification: 1. Prohibit the court from entertain- ing Jjurisdication on any question re lating wholly or In part to its internal affairs. 2. Permit recourse to the court only by agreement through general or spe cial treaties between the parties in dispute. Sen. Hiram Johnson isdiction en any question which de- pends upon or relates to the Monroe Doctrine. 4. Declare the United States, by Joining the court, assumes no obliga. tions, Through these Johnson's action, a final vote can be reached on resolution of adherence, up soon, it Is said, and Senator Rob- inson, Democratic leader, has stated that he was when the final test comes. HE third phase of testimony pre Bruno Richard with the murder of Col. Charles A. Lindbergh's son, has begun. Eight handwriting experts called by the pros ecution have completed their testi mony, each declaring that In his opin- fon, the dour ex-carpenter was author of the ransom notes, and the state now moves on to the story of finding the tiny corpse in a shallow grave in the woods near Hopewell, N. J. two months and twelve days after the kid- naping on the night of March 1, 1032 Following this, the story of how Haupt. mann was captured last September through identification of gold certificates which ransom, will be told. Eight men, who have qualified with the court as experts, have declared that Hauptmann penned the ransom notes. Photographic enlargements of the notes and of Hauptmann's admitted writings have been shown in the court, and each peculiarity of each character has been carefully gone over. Defense lawyers have fought each scrap of testimony bit by bit. An at- tempt has been made to show that some one might have forged Haupt. mann's handwriting in an effort to throw suspicion on him, but this has been vigorously refuted by witnesses who have been firm in thelr assertions that only the prisoner could have been the author. An attempt to forestall efforts of the defense to pin the crime on Isador Fisch, furrier, who died in Germany, is being made by New Jersey officials, Pinkus Fisch, brother of Isador, his wife, Czerna ; his sister, Hannah, and Fisch's nurse, Minne Steingnitz, have been brought from Germany to testify. Pinkus has asserted his belief that his brother is not gulity. Hauptmann, made up the HE Saar will be returned to Ger many on March 1, a special com- mittee of the League of Nations has decided. The proposal will be submit ted to Berlin at once. Opposition to this proposal Is expected, since the reich originally demanded the basin's return formally on or before Febru. ary 15, Another difficulty arises over France’s demand that Article 42 of the Versailles treaty establishing a demili- tarized zone should be applied to the Saarland. This would ban Nazi storm troops and Brown Shirts from the ter. rilory after its return. Compliance of this demand would be an admission from Germany that the Brown Shirts are a semi-military organization, and this Berlin has long denied In comput. ing her military strength, Germany won an overwhelming vie. tory in the plebiscite held to determine the wishes of the inhabitants of the rich Saar basin as to the future status of that territory. The complete vote us announced by the commission was: for return to Germany 477,119, for an uexation to France 2,124, and to return to present status unter League of Na- tions control 46,513. Their margin of victory exceeded the hopes of even the most optimistic Nazi legders. Love of the fatherrand won over antipathy to Hitler principles In In- fluencing the voters, The Saarlanders in voting to return to relch rule ex- change their personal and political liberties for the regimentation of a dictatorship with its curb on the press, free speech and Individualism, ENERAL REVISION of alr mail rates to prevent possible destrue- tion of commercial aviation has been recommended by the bureau of alr mail of the Interstate Commerce com- mission. An investigation conducted by the bureau discloses that most of the routes are belng operated at sub. stantial losses, and rate Increases were recommended on 19 routes. Rates on one route would remaln nnchanged. and 11 others would be decreased, if the recommendations are carried out. The proposed new Increases range up from nine cents per mile for pound- age not to exceed 300 pounds per mile, while the reductions ranged as high as 13.5 cents per mile. Opera- tion losses of $1,707, 903.39 were shown in tables submitted by the 81 exist. ing operating companies, and it was pointed out that the industry would be endangered If the contractors were forced to continue operating at tre- mendous losses, HE most far-flung innovation the New Deal has proposed thus far— the “social security plan” proposed by President Roosevelt—has aroused a storm of discussion. Administration adher- ents greeted the scheme with wild en. thusiasm, while the op- position, led by Sena. tor Borah, Idaho, has volced vigorous ecritl- cisms, All business in con- gress has been side. tracked to permit im. mediate action on the proposed measure, Public hearings have aiready been started in finance committee, and the house WAFS and means committee has postponed President Roosevelt done at the President's behest plan provides: system restricted to workers and financed by a 3 per cent tax on pay rolls after January 1, 1838. The gov- ernment will ald in bearing administra. tion costs, and the treasury will han- die the fund. Ninety per cent of the pay roll tax Is to be refunded to em. ployers who contributed to state un. employment plans. A maximum of 215 a week of compensation to begin four weeks after the worker loses his job and to last for not more than sisteen weeks is contemplated, ernment Is to co-operate with the states and pay a maximum of £0 a month to persons over sixty-five. The national government Is also to ald states in formulating a plan for per. sons under sixty-five which will be financed jointly by employer and em. ployee through a pay roll tax: the funds to be handled by the federal government; the amount of pensions to be a percentage of the employee's wage; with non-manual employees re. ceiving more than £250 a month to be exempt from the plan. The third section of the scheme pro. vides for appropriations to give bet. ter facilities to caring for mothers, and dependent and erippled children, and the fourth section would furnish larger appropriations for public health aid, investigation and research. Cost of the entire program to the federal government will be $100,000. 000 next year and $200,000,000 in sue. ceeding years The cost to the states will be $75,000,000 next year and $150, 000,000 in succeeding years. Some idea of the size of the plan may be gained from the report of the President's cab. inet which sald reserves for old-age pensions must be maintained after some years at $15,250,000,000, ORE of the most spectacular prison breaks In history was effected when four convicts in the San Quentin (Calif) state prison overpdwerdd two wounded, as were two of the hostages, Trouble has been expected st San Quentin, where some 6.000 prisoners are housed in space designed for only 3,000, Unrest has been evident some time, especially since it necessary to put more than one man In each cell, Only 100 guards have been regularly emploved. : — JCXTENSION of life of the R struction Finance corporation for two years will be congressmen assert. asked, Informed The RFC's au- uary 31. It Is rumored that the ex- tension will Include a proviso permit. ting the President to put the organi. zation out of business by proclaiming the emergency ended at the concly- sglon of one year. The extension plan may also carry a section doubling the length of time for maturity of loans the RFC may make. The present limit is five years, It is also sald that the RFC may be permitted to extend instead of renew existing loans providing value of se- curity Is unchanged. HE final fate of NRA seems to be up to the President. Reports from the capital say the National Industrial Recovery board, successor to Gen. w Hugh Johnson, who asserts NRA Is “as extinet as the dodo,” has avoided a direct recommendation that the institution be made permanent. Since this was evidently done with the ap proval of the Presi- dent, the future of the Blue Eagle seems to be somewhat clouded, Donald The board, of which Richberg ' ponald Richberge is chalrman, pointed out three possible courses which the President can follow. The first course would be to make NRA permanent, but In simplified form. Under this plan, every industry would have to go under a code fixing wage and hour limits and prohibiting child labor. Trade practice provisions would be entirely voluntary. In rare cases where price fixing 1s employed, the government, not the industry, would fix the price. The second course would be to ex- tend the NRA as it now stands, but for a limited period. Unless leglsia- tion of this kind is enacted, the act will expire automatically on June 16. The third course would amend and extend the NRA. Most members of the board. it is sald, prefer the “permanent” plan which would broaden the government's regulation of business. No industry would escape the wage and hour codes. Today many industries, among them the twlephone, telegraph. and to- bacco Industries, are not under trade codes, since these have not been able to agree on terms. The present law permits the President to impose a code only when an Industry refuses to sub- mit voluntarily, such as In the case of the cotton garment industry. Observers are not at all sure President wants a permanent Several uncertainties have made it dif- ficult for the President to decide, one the code, the collective bargaining clause, NUMBER of important issues await the League of Nations as It convenes at Geneva on its fifteenth Five major disputes will come before the body, of which the Saar plebiscite, Involving as it does the disposition of the future national allegiance of that rich territory. holds most immediate interest Other decisions which await action of the league Include: the dispute be- tween Irnq and Persia over slleged border violations by the latter: the border conflict between Italy and Ethiopia; the Greek complaint that Greek minorities in Albania are being deprived of their guaranteed rights: and the long war in the Chaco Boreal between Bolivia and Paraguay. IRST legislation to be put through the house of representatives was completed as the S$770.016.000 Inde pendent offices appropriation bill was passed In virtually the same form as recommended by the appropriations committee. The amount for the securi- ties and exchange commission was in- creased to S2000000, Efforts of Rep resentative Blanton of Texas to reduce the $2040M3 for the home loan bank board and of Representative Taber, New York, (0 cut down the appropria- tion for the federal communications commission were defeated, Signs of gathering storms were seen, however, as Hepresentative Rayburn, Democrat, Texas, chairman of the house interstate commerce committee, declared on the floor that he would not support a bill to piace production of oll under government control. Emer gency legislation to supplant control measures invalidated by the recent de cision of the United States Supreme court will undoubtedly be proposed, and Rayburn's declaration Is seen as an indication that opposition may de- velop. way to beat the depression. King 'SEEN« HEARD around the National Capital ESSSSSS By CARTER FIELD SSS Washington.—A drive against “rack- ets” In so-called” protective committees of stock or bondholders of corpora- tions, especially those in recelverships, is about to begin as an altogether un- expected development of the securities and exchange commission activities. Every Investor has realized for some timé that there were grave abuses in these committees, that they ran up fees and charges even when they were legitimate, and that all too often thelr main purpose was to be bought off by those really trying to revamp the cor- poration In the interest of the stock- holders, So far there is no indication that the commission Is going any further, but its reflorts to congress, which will be made In a few months, will, accord- Ing to very rellable sources, at least start a move—whether it gets very far or not-at doing something about the high cost of receiverships, For the present the commission 1s aiming chiefly at men who have made practically a business of getting un thinking stock and bondholders, al- ready faced with the prospect of losing part of their investments, to go into moves which benefitted the operators, but in the long run only Increased the loss of the Investors. The next logical step, senators fa- miliar with the plan declare, Is 0 go after the perfectly exorbitant legal and other fees being charged for ad- ministering financially crippled or ganizations, One senator cited a case where a hotel property is beélng administered by three lawyers, no one of whom ever had any experience In the hotel busi- ness. but who are being paid $10,000 & year euch for thelr services in direct- ing this property's operations. Actual iy, of course, no one of the three de voles very much time to the actual operation of the hotel. Hits Bondhelder The point this senator emphasized is: what chance does a stock or bond- holder have of geting anything when & property, already crippled or it would not be in receivership, has this additonal load put upon 11? More to the point is the case of an office building where two lawyers, after performing a very minor legal service for one of the bondholders’ pro- tective committees, sent bills for $15.- 00¢ each! It so happens that If this particular office building had possessed £30.000 at the time—just the total of this lmwyers' bill—it would not have had to go into receivership at alll And it so happens that there are sev- eral other “protective™ committees op- erating at the moment in behalf, al legedly, of the bondholders of this par teulnr enterprise, “The trouble about anything per- manent being done the senator re marked, “is that there are too many lawyers in congress | happen to be one myself, but the fact is—and If you quote me by name | will deny | even had such a thought-—the boys do stick together, And the judges. who appoint receivers and who pass on the fees of attorneys for protective commitices, are all lawyers. 1 do not know just what ought to be done about it but certainly it has approached the stage of a scandal. And beyond the shadow of a doubt the property of Investors who dre unfortunate enough to have put their money in enterprises which get into receiverships, is actually looted by the present system. 1 hope that what the securities commis sion starts will bear fruit” New Dealers Fussed New Dealers are torn between pride and alarm over the action of New York stale electric companies in proposing a substantial reduction in rates They are proud that President Hoosevell's policy of doing everything possible to lessen the cost of electricity to con sumers is meeting with such success, They are a little alarmed as to what these particular cuts In this particular territory may do to the fight approach- ing In the senate over ratification of the St. Lawrence seaway treaty. Not that the votes of the New York tenators are involved. Both of them are strongly against the treaty, and are expected to stand firmly against it regardiess of the power question. Their concern Is with the port of New York, and the raliroads leading through New York state to it, and with the Erie canal. The question of cheaper power is very mild In Im. portance indeed to them In contrast with the threat to the prosperity of | their big port and the communication | lines leading to it But this cut In power rates In New York state, presupposing further cuts Inter on, hits a very serious blow at | the project as a whole, so to speak. | It makes far more dificult the problem | of convincing other parts of the United States that the whole scheme Is eco nomically sound, 2 Af present there are two sections of the country arrayed against each other on this treaty, for loeal reasons, All of the Atlantic and Quif sea. boards are against it for the same rea. son that New York Is against it. Most of the Central and Northwestern states are for it on the theory that it wanld provide cheaper freight rates for their export products by letting ocean going ships come Into the Great Lakes, Niinots Is an exception. Its geo graphie position would naturally timke It for the treaty fust as Mich. lean, Wisconsin and Minnesota are for It. The canal would make Chicago ih OH ERS NU SR HO virtually an ocean port. But this is complicated by the fact that Illinois and Chicago want to take more water out of Lake Michigan. And President Roosevelt hns not the slightest Inten- tion of giving in to Illinols on this Might Be Liability “This leaves the Southwest and the Pacific coast not directly interested one way or the other except ag the project may tend to prove an addi- tional burden on their taxpayers. And there 1s where the possibilities of these rate cuts already planned, and those obviously in prospect, come into the picture, For they mean that the current pro- duced by the St. Lawrence seaway project may actually turn from what has been regarded as an asset, in con- sideration of the project as an eco- nomic whole, into a lability, It ts even conceivable that the President may lose some of his keen interest in the project, though he has sald noth- ing to Indicate this. But If the proposed cuts of electric rate are followed shortly by such = program of future cuts as has been suggested, actually the chief reason for his being so strong for the treaty will have disappeared. He has never sald so—publiely—but all his close friends know that since the beginning of his interest in the project his chief concern was not the seaway to make cheaper freight rates to Europe for the Middle and Northwest, but the power, It was part and parcel of his plan for forcing down electric rates all over the country. He never sald so for the simple rea- son that the 8t. Lawrence seaway has been a very popular issue—as 8 sea- way, not a hydroelectric scheme—in the Middle and Northwest for many years, jut the fact stands out that unless he pulls wires with really ex- traordinary success, the treaty will be defeated again this year. And he may Just content himself with a strong public appeal, perhaps a vigorous mes- sage, favoring the treaty, Instead of turning on the heat in private, which is the only way the thing ean possibly be gotten through the senate, President Optimistic President Roosevelt is much more optimistic about the financial future of this government, providing he can hold the bonus compromise down to a reasonable figure, than either his bud- sel messuge or his explanations of it to newspaper men, senators and mem- bers of the house indicate, To begin with, there is a $4,000,000, O00 “kitty,” to use his own word in conversations about it. Only be does DOr speak of $4,000,000 000--he speaks of 2000000000, Which is another indication of how his mind is working. For it will be recalied that in each of bis budget messsges he has gone out of his way to put the worst foot for- ward, the aim always being to be able to make the picture look better—by contrast—at some future date AS a matter of fact, had his strategy of a different wariety—had he been trying to make the financial ple- ture look rosy instead of dark wit doubt—he could have painted a rather optimistic picture. Instance: He conld have made a fair calculation, suy somewhere from 50 cents to 90 cents on the dollar, of the debts owed the Reconstruction Finance corpora- tion. Actually the corporation expects & Det profit when It finally winds up. This would have deducted a few bil- Hens from the total apparent debt to be reduced by the government by the end of the fiscal year 1936—or July 1, 1837. He could have used the $4,000,000. (XX) “kitty” as another offset. This “Kitty” consists of $2.000,000,000 profit made on the revaluation of gold, and <ION000,000 additional in the equal- ization fund, which was voted by cone gress, and Is being administered in absolute secrecy by Secretary of the Treasury Morgenthan, Profit in Silver Experts who have tried to figure, without inside Information which is not obtainable, all agree that there is a considerable profit already. On the silver purchase, for example. Some estimate it as being more than half a billion dollars profit right now, without calculating any further ad- vance In the price of sliver. But the President did not want to make the budget statement any more optimistic than he could help. He wanted as blue a picture as possible for two reasons. One is that the more rosy the bud- get outlook, the greater difficulty he would have restraining the bonus seekers. That is fairly obvious. It fits in with his direct threat that if congress boosts the expenditures pro- posed in the budget In any substantial been time in the future. There will be an be gery helpful to present a more ope HOTIe Dice bs the Somates hy This is not, however, a part of the SHOWS SPEED OF THOUGHT A method of studying the move. of the words, Sclence has Magn- zine by Prof. Joseph Tiffin of lowa university, Photographie records of the eve and the “sound track” produced by the volee show that the voice lags about a second behind the eye. This may be taken as a measure of the speed of thought: the time required for the mind to recognize the word and transmit the necessary orders to the speech apparatus, The record also shows that the eye does not travel smoothly along a line of type, but proceeds by a series of Jerks, pronunciation Untouched by Progress The Galapagos, tips of huge voles. noes peering above the surface of the Pacific, are probably the most prim- Siatt the dey fedling =r: )- MT Dor't ie! 8 thuggieh overcrowded syviom boi you back. CLEANSE INTERNALLY WITH GARFIELD TEL bet rid of the wastes that GARFIELD TEA FEMININE WEAKNESS Mrs. Gladys Chegvront of Route 2, Clarksburg, {East View), W. Va. said: “About four years sgo | was suffering from fem mine weakness. | had pa in my side and back, also beadaches. | got very little rest at night and felt ter. et ribly weak. 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For the quicker you get rid of these poisons, the better Your chances of good health. Use Doan's Pills. DOAN'S PILLS SKINS BOUGHT RAW FURS and HIDES ALBANY TOR Cor Set aan, oc A
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers