——
By EDWARD
W. PICKARD
ATIICATION of the world court
protocols received a setback when
Senator Hiram Johnson, Republican,
California, bitterly denounced such ac-
tion as a “back door
entry” to the League
of Nations, and sen-
ate leaders rather
than risk an immedi
ate vote, delayed defi
nite action,
Senator Johnson's
attack came on the
heels of wa special
message to tae senate
from President Roose.
velt who asked for
early ratification of
the protocols. It was
the most determined movement yet
made to put the United States into the
court,
Other senators, it Is sald, were
ready to follow Johnson's lead, par-
ticularly Senator Borah, long time foe
of the court.
Johnson supported his opening at-
tack on the court by offering four em-
barrassing reservations to the resolu
tion of ratification:
1. Prohibit the court from entertain-
ing Jjurisdication on any question re
lating wholly or In part to its internal
affairs.
2. Permit recourse to the court only
by agreement through general or spe
cial treaties between the parties in
dispute.
Sen. Hiram
Johnson
isdiction en any question which de-
pends upon or relates to the Monroe
Doctrine.
4. Declare the United States, by
Joining the court, assumes no obliga.
tions,
Through these
Johnson's action,
a final vote can be reached on
resolution of adherence,
up soon, it Is said, and Senator Rob-
inson, Democratic leader, has stated
that he was
when the final test comes.
HE third phase of testimony pre
Bruno Richard
with the murder of Col. Charles A.
Lindbergh's son, has begun. Eight
handwriting experts called by the pros
ecution have completed their testi
mony, each declaring that In his opin-
fon, the dour ex-carpenter was author
of the ransom notes, and the state now
moves on to the story of finding the
tiny corpse in a shallow grave in the
woods near Hopewell, N. J. two
months and twelve days after the kid-
naping on the night of March 1, 1032
Following this, the story of how Haupt.
mann was captured last September
through identification of
gold certificates which
ransom, will be told.
Eight men, who have qualified with
the court as experts, have declared
that Hauptmann penned the ransom
notes. Photographic enlargements of
the notes and of Hauptmann's admitted
writings have been shown in the court,
and each peculiarity of each character
has been carefully gone over.
Defense lawyers have fought each
scrap of testimony bit by bit. An at-
tempt has been made to show that
some one might have forged Haupt.
mann's handwriting in an effort to
throw suspicion on him, but this has
been vigorously refuted by witnesses
who have been firm in thelr assertions
that only the prisoner could have been
the author.
An attempt to forestall efforts of the
defense to pin the crime on Isador
Fisch, furrier, who died in Germany, is
being made by New Jersey officials,
Pinkus Fisch, brother of Isador, his
wife, Czerna ; his sister, Hannah, and
Fisch's nurse, Minne Steingnitz, have
been brought from Germany to testify.
Pinkus has asserted his belief that his
brother is not gulity.
Hauptmann,
made up the
HE Saar will be returned to Ger
many on March 1, a special com-
mittee of the League of Nations has
decided. The proposal will be submit
ted to Berlin at once. Opposition to
this proposal Is expected, since the
reich originally demanded the basin's
return formally on or before Febru.
ary 15,
Another difficulty arises over
France’s demand that Article 42 of the
Versailles treaty establishing a demili-
tarized zone should be applied to the
Saarland. This would ban Nazi storm
troops and Brown Shirts from the ter.
rilory after its return. Compliance of
this demand would be an admission
from Germany that the Brown Shirts
are a semi-military organization, and
this Berlin has long denied In comput.
ing her military strength,
Germany won an overwhelming vie.
tory in the plebiscite held to determine
the wishes of the inhabitants of the
rich Saar basin as to the future status
of that territory. The complete vote
us announced by the commission was:
for return to Germany 477,119, for an
uexation to France 2,124, and to return
to present status unter League of Na-
tions control 46,513. Their margin of
victory exceeded the hopes of even the
most optimistic Nazi legders.
Love of the fatherrand won over
antipathy to Hitler principles In In-
fluencing the voters, The Saarlanders
in voting to return to relch rule ex-
change their personal and political
liberties for the regimentation of a
dictatorship with its curb on the press,
free speech and Individualism,
ENERAL REVISION of alr mail
rates to prevent possible destrue-
tion of commercial aviation has been
recommended by the bureau of alr
mail of the Interstate Commerce com-
mission. An investigation conducted
by the bureau discloses that most of
the routes are belng operated at sub.
stantial losses, and rate Increases were
recommended on 19 routes. Rates on
one route would remaln nnchanged.
and 11 others would be decreased, if
the recommendations are carried out.
The proposed new Increases range
up from nine cents per mile for pound-
age not to exceed 300 pounds per
mile, while the reductions ranged as
high as 13.5 cents per mile. Opera-
tion losses of $1,707, 903.39 were shown
in tables submitted by the 81 exist.
ing operating companies, and it was
pointed out that the industry would
be endangered If the contractors were
forced to continue operating at tre-
mendous losses,
HE most far-flung innovation the
New Deal has proposed thus far—
the “social security plan” proposed by
President Roosevelt—has aroused a
storm of discussion.
Administration adher-
ents greeted the
scheme with wild en.
thusiasm, while the op-
position, led by Sena.
tor Borah, Idaho, has
volced vigorous ecritl-
cisms,
All business in con-
gress has been side.
tracked to permit im.
mediate action on the
proposed measure,
Public hearings have
aiready been started in
finance committee, and the house WAFS
and means committee has postponed
President
Roosevelt
done at the President's behest
plan provides:
system restricted to workers and
financed by a 3 per cent tax on pay
rolls after January 1, 1838. The gov-
ernment will ald in bearing administra.
tion costs, and the treasury will han-
die the fund. Ninety per cent of the
pay roll tax Is to be refunded to em.
ployers who contributed to state un.
employment plans. A maximum of 215
a week of compensation to begin four
weeks after the worker loses his job
and to last for not more than sisteen
weeks is contemplated,
ernment Is to co-operate with the
states and pay a maximum of £0 a
month to persons over sixty-five. The
national government Is also to ald
states in formulating a plan for per.
sons under sixty-five which will be
financed jointly by employer and em.
ployee through a pay roll tax: the
funds to be handled by the federal
government; the amount of pensions
to be a percentage of the employee's
wage; with non-manual employees re.
ceiving more than £250 a month to be
exempt from the plan.
The third section of the scheme pro.
vides for appropriations to give bet.
ter facilities to caring for mothers,
and dependent and erippled children,
and the fourth section would furnish
larger appropriations for public health
aid, investigation and research.
Cost of the entire program to the
federal government will be $100,000.
000 next year and $200,000,000 in sue.
ceeding years The cost to the states
will be $75,000,000 next year and $150,
000,000 in succeeding years. Some idea
of the size of the plan may be gained
from the report of the President's cab.
inet which sald reserves for old-age
pensions must be maintained after
some years at $15,250,000,000,
ORE of the most spectacular prison
breaks In history was effected
when four convicts in the San Quentin
(Calif) state prison overpdwerdd two
wounded, as were two of the hostages,
Trouble has been expected st San
Quentin, where some 6.000 prisoners
are housed in space designed for only
3,000, Unrest has been evident
some time, especially since it
necessary to put more than one man
In each cell, Only 100 guards have
been regularly emploved. :
—
JCXTENSION of life of the R
struction Finance corporation for
two years will be
congressmen assert.
asked, Informed
The RFC's au-
uary 31. It Is rumored that the ex-
tension will Include a proviso permit.
ting the President to put the organi.
zation out of business by proclaiming
the emergency ended at the concly-
sglon of one year.
The extension plan may also carry
a section doubling the length of time
for maturity of loans the RFC may
make. The present limit is five years,
It is also sald that the RFC may be
permitted to extend instead of renew
existing loans providing value of se-
curity Is unchanged.
HE final fate of NRA seems to be
up to the President. Reports from
the capital say the National Industrial
Recovery board, successor to Gen.
w Hugh Johnson, who
asserts NRA Is “as
extinet as the dodo,”
has avoided a direct
recommendation that
the institution be
made permanent. Since
this was evidently
done with the ap
proval of the Presi-
dent, the future of the
Blue Eagle seems to
be somewhat clouded,
Donald The board, of which
Richberg ' ponald Richberge is
chalrman, pointed out three possible
courses which the President can follow.
The first course would be to make
NRA permanent, but In simplified
form. Under this plan, every industry
would have to go under a code fixing
wage and hour limits and prohibiting
child labor. Trade practice provisions
would be entirely voluntary. In rare
cases where price fixing 1s employed,
the government, not the industry,
would fix the price.
The second course would be to ex-
tend the NRA as it now stands, but
for a limited period. Unless leglsia-
tion of this kind is enacted, the act
will expire automatically on June 16.
The third course would amend and
extend the NRA.
Most members of the board. it is
sald, prefer the “permanent” plan
which would broaden the government's
regulation of business. No industry
would escape the wage and hour
codes. Today many industries, among
them the twlephone, telegraph. and to-
bacco Industries, are not under trade
codes, since these have not been able
to agree on terms. The present law
permits the President to impose a code
only when an Industry refuses to sub-
mit voluntarily, such as In the case
of the cotton garment industry.
Observers are not at all sure
President wants a permanent
Several uncertainties have made it dif-
ficult for the President to decide, one
the
code,
the collective bargaining clause,
NUMBER of important issues
await the League of Nations as It
convenes at Geneva on its fifteenth
Five major disputes will
come before the body, of which the
Saar plebiscite, Involving as it does
the disposition of the future national
allegiance of that rich territory. holds
most immediate interest
Other decisions which await action
of the league Include: the dispute be-
tween Irnq and Persia over slleged
border violations by the latter: the
border conflict between Italy and
Ethiopia; the Greek complaint that
Greek minorities in Albania are being
deprived of their guaranteed rights:
and the long war in the Chaco Boreal
between Bolivia and Paraguay.
IRST legislation to be put through
the house of representatives was
completed as the S$770.016.000 Inde
pendent offices appropriation bill was
passed In virtually the same form as
recommended by the appropriations
committee. The amount for the securi-
ties and exchange commission was in-
creased to S2000000, Efforts of Rep
resentative Blanton of Texas to reduce
the $2040M3 for the home loan bank
board and of Representative Taber,
New York, (0 cut down the appropria-
tion for the federal communications
commission were defeated,
Signs of gathering storms were seen,
however, as Hepresentative Rayburn,
Democrat, Texas, chairman of the
house interstate commerce committee,
declared on the floor that he would not
support a bill to piace production of
oll under government control. Emer
gency legislation to supplant control
measures invalidated by the recent de
cision of the United States Supreme
court will undoubtedly be proposed,
and Rayburn's declaration Is seen as
an indication that opposition may de-
velop.
way to beat the depression. King
'SEEN« HEARD
around the
National Capital
ESSSSSS By CARTER FIELD SSS
Washington.—A drive against “rack-
ets” In so-called” protective committees
of stock or bondholders of corpora-
tions, especially those in recelverships,
is about to begin as an altogether un-
expected development of the securities
and exchange commission activities.
Every Investor has realized for some
timé that there were grave abuses
in these committees, that they ran up
fees and charges even when they were
legitimate, and that all too often thelr
main purpose was to be bought off by
those really trying to revamp the cor-
poration In the interest of the stock-
holders,
So far there is no indication that
the commission Is going any further,
but its reflorts to congress, which will
be made In a few months, will, accord-
Ing to very rellable sources, at least
start a move—whether it gets very far
or not-at doing something about the
high cost of receiverships,
For the present the commission 1s
aiming chiefly at men who have made
practically a business of getting un
thinking stock and bondholders, al-
ready faced with the prospect of losing
part of their investments, to go into
moves which benefitted the operators,
but in the long run only Increased the
loss of the Investors.
The next logical step, senators fa-
miliar with the plan declare, Is 0 go
after the perfectly exorbitant legal
and other fees being charged for ad-
ministering financially crippled or
ganizations,
One senator cited a case where a
hotel property is beélng administered
by three lawyers, no one of whom ever
had any experience In the hotel busi-
ness. but who are being paid $10,000
& year euch for thelr services in direct-
ing this property's operations. Actual
iy, of course, no one of the three de
voles very much time to the actual
operation of the hotel.
Hits Bondhelder
The point this senator emphasized
is: what chance does a stock or bond-
holder have of geting anything when
& property, already crippled or it
would not be in receivership, has this
additonal load put upon 11?
More to the point is the case of an
office building where two lawyers,
after performing a very minor legal
service for one of the bondholders’ pro-
tective committees, sent bills for $15.-
00¢ each! It so happens that If this
particular office building had possessed
£30.000 at the time—just the total of
this lmwyers' bill—it would not have
had to go into receivership at alll
And it so happens that there are sev-
eral other “protective™ committees op-
erating at the moment in behalf, al
legedly, of the bondholders of this par
teulnr enterprise,
“The trouble about anything per-
manent being done the senator re
marked, “is that there are too many
lawyers in congress | happen to be
one myself, but the fact is—and If you
quote me by name | will deny | even
had such a thought-—the boys do stick
together, And the judges. who appoint
receivers and who pass on the fees of
attorneys for protective commitices,
are all lawyers. 1 do not know just
what ought to be done about it but
certainly it has approached the stage
of a scandal. And beyond the shadow
of a doubt the property of Investors
who dre unfortunate enough to have
put their money in enterprises which
get into receiverships, is actually
looted by the present system. 1
hope that what the securities commis
sion starts will bear fruit”
New Dealers Fussed
New Dealers are torn between pride
and alarm over the action of New York
stale electric companies in proposing
a substantial reduction in rates They
are proud that President Hoosevell's
policy of doing everything possible to
lessen the cost of electricity to con
sumers is meeting with such success,
They are a little alarmed as to what
these particular cuts In this particular
territory may do to the fight approach-
ing In the senate over ratification of
the St. Lawrence seaway treaty.
Not that the votes of the New York
tenators are involved. Both of them
are strongly against the treaty, and
are expected to stand firmly against
it regardiess of the power question.
Their concern Is with the port of New
York, and the raliroads leading
through New York state to it, and with
the Erie canal. The question of
cheaper power is very mild In Im.
portance indeed to them In contrast
with the threat to the prosperity of
| their big port and the communication
| lines leading to it
But this cut In power rates In New
York state, presupposing further cuts
Inter on, hits a very serious blow at
| the project as a whole, so to speak.
| It makes far more dificult the problem
| of convincing other parts of the United
States that the whole scheme Is eco
nomically sound, 2
Af present there are two sections
of the country arrayed against each
other on this treaty, for loeal reasons,
All of the Atlantic and Quif sea.
boards are against it for the same rea.
son that New York Is against it. Most
of the Central and Northwestern
states are for it on the theory that it
wanld provide cheaper freight rates
for their export products by letting
ocean going ships come Into the Great
Lakes,
Niinots Is an exception. Its geo
graphie position would naturally
timke It for the treaty fust as Mich.
lean, Wisconsin and Minnesota are for
It. The canal would make Chicago
ih
OH ERS NU SR HO
virtually an ocean port. But this is
complicated by the fact that Illinois
and Chicago want to take more water
out of Lake Michigan. And President
Roosevelt hns not the slightest Inten-
tion of giving in to Illinols on this
Might Be Liability
“This leaves the Southwest and the
Pacific coast not directly interested
one way or the other except ag the
project may tend to prove an addi-
tional burden on their taxpayers. And
there 1s where the possibilities of these
rate cuts already planned, and those
obviously in prospect, come into the
picture,
For they mean that the current pro-
duced by the St. Lawrence seaway
project may actually turn from what
has been regarded as an asset, in con-
sideration of the project as an eco-
nomic whole, into a lability, It ts
even conceivable that the President
may lose some of his keen interest in
the project, though he has sald noth-
ing to Indicate this.
But If the proposed cuts of electric
rate are followed shortly by such =
program of future cuts as has been
suggested, actually the chief reason
for his being so strong for the treaty
will have disappeared. He has never
sald so—publiely—but all his close
friends know that since the beginning
of his interest in the project his chief
concern was not the seaway to make
cheaper freight rates to Europe for
the Middle and Northwest, but the
power, It was part and parcel of his
plan for forcing down electric rates
all over the country.
He never sald so for the simple rea-
son that the 8t. Lawrence seaway has
been a very popular issue—as 8 sea-
way, not a hydroelectric scheme—in
the Middle and Northwest for many
years, jut the fact stands out that
unless he pulls wires with really ex-
traordinary success, the treaty will be
defeated again this year. And he may
Just content himself with a strong
public appeal, perhaps a vigorous mes-
sage, favoring the treaty, Instead of
turning on the heat in private, which
is the only way the thing ean possibly
be gotten through the senate,
President Optimistic
President Roosevelt is much more
optimistic about the financial future
of this government, providing he can
hold the bonus compromise down to a
reasonable figure, than either his bud-
sel messuge or his explanations of it
to newspaper men, senators and mem-
bers of the house indicate,
To begin with, there is a $4,000,000,
O00 “kitty,” to use his own word in
conversations about it. Only be does
DOr speak of $4,000,000 000--he speaks
of 2000000000, Which is another
indication of how his mind is working.
For it will be recalied that in each of
bis budget messsges he has gone out
of his way to put the worst foot for-
ward, the aim always being to be able
to make the picture look better—by
contrast—at some future date
AS a matter of fact, had his strategy
of a different wariety—had he
been trying to make the financial ple-
ture look rosy instead of dark wit
doubt—he could have painted a rather
optimistic picture. Instance: He
conld have made a fair calculation,
suy somewhere from 50 cents to 90
cents on the dollar, of the debts owed
the Reconstruction Finance corpora-
tion. Actually the corporation expects
& Det profit when It finally winds up.
This would have deducted a few bil-
Hens from the total apparent debt to
be reduced by the government by the
end of the fiscal year 1936—or July 1,
1837.
He could have used the $4,000,000.
(XX) “kitty” as another offset. This
“Kitty” consists of $2.000,000,000 profit
made on the revaluation of gold, and
<ION000,000 additional in the equal-
ization fund, which was voted by cone
gress, and Is being administered in
absolute secrecy by Secretary of the
Treasury Morgenthan,
Profit in Silver
Experts who have tried to figure,
without inside Information which is
not obtainable, all agree that there
is a considerable profit already. On
the silver purchase, for example.
Some estimate it as being more than
half a billion dollars profit right now,
without calculating any further ad-
vance In the price of sliver.
But the President did not want to
make the budget statement any more
optimistic than he could help. He
wanted as blue a picture as possible
for two reasons.
One is that the more rosy the bud-
get outlook, the greater difficulty he
would have restraining the bonus
seekers. That is fairly obvious. It
fits in with his direct threat that if
congress boosts the expenditures pro-
posed in the budget In any substantial
been
time in the future. There will be an
be gery helpful to present a more ope
HOTIe Dice bs the Somates hy
This is not, however, a part of the
SHOWS SPEED OF THOUGHT
A method of studying the move.
of the words,
Sclence
has
Magn-
zine by Prof. Joseph Tiffin of lowa
university,
Photographie records of the eve and
the “sound track” produced by the
volee show that the voice lags about
a second behind the eye. This may
be taken as a measure of the speed
of thought: the time required for
the mind to recognize the word and
transmit the necessary orders to
the speech apparatus, The record
also shows that the eye does not
travel smoothly along a line of type,
but proceeds by a series of Jerks,
pronunciation
Untouched by Progress
The Galapagos, tips of huge voles.
noes peering above the surface of the
Pacific, are probably the most prim-
Siatt the dey fedling =r: )-
MT
Dor't ie! 8 thuggieh overcrowded
syviom boi you back. CLEANSE
INTERNALLY WITH GARFIELD
TEL bet rid of the wastes that
GARFIELD TEA
FEMININE WEAKNESS
Mrs. Gladys Chegvront
of Route 2, Clarksburg,
{East View), W. Va. said:
“About four years sgo |
was suffering from fem
mine weakness. | had pa
in my side and back, also
beadaches. | got very little
rest at night and felt ter.
et ribly weak. After taking
Dr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription all my suf-
fering ended, and I have been in splendid
Bealth ever mince.” All druggies
New sige, tablets SO ote, guid $1.00, .
Write Dr. Pierce's Clinic, Buffalo, N. Y.
Indicated as an Alterative in
the Treatment of
RHEUMATIC FEVER, GOUT,
Simple Neuralgia, Muscular
Aches and Pains
At All Draggists
Bair soft and fluffy. 50 cents by mail or at drag.
wists, Hiscox Chemical Works, Patchogue, 5 2
OLD ACE PENSION INFORMATION
BRCLOSE STAMP
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Be Sure They Properly
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OUR kidneys are constantly fil-
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fail to remove the poisonous body
wastes,
Then you may suffer nagging
backache, attacks of dizziness,
burning, scanty or too frequent
urination, getting up at night,
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Don't delay! For the quicker you
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