By ELMO SCOTT WATSON UGUST 20 marks the one hundred forti- eth anniversary of a battle that is unique in American history. For it is doubtful if there has ever a military engagement of more far. reaching consequences won as easily and as quickly as was “Mad An- thony” Wayne's victory over the confederated Indian tribes of the Old Northwest at Fallen Timbers on the banks of the Maumee river in northwestern August 20, 1704. Not only was it all the more brilliant by c¢on- trast with the disasters which had befallen two American generals who had previously tried to subdue these same red men, but it led directly to another victory, won around the council fire in- stead of onthe battlefield—the Treaty of Green ville, signed just a year later. Without these two the settlement of the Ohio country, the push. ing of the frontier line clear to the Mississippi river and the opening up of the rich inland empire of the Mississippi Valley to the land- hungry Americans of the early Nineteenth cen- tury might have postponed indefinitely, So the Battle of Fallen Timbers is a milepost in the history of our westward expansion. That expansion began even before the Revolu- tion was over and the decade which followed the signing of the Treaty of Paris saw sands of settlers streaming through Pittsburgh, “the Gateway to the West” of that period, and floating down the Ohio to sedk new homes both to the north and to the south of that river. The Indians of that region—the Miamis, Wyandots, Delawares, Shawnees, Ottawas and Pottawato- mies—watched with alarm this ever-increasing tide of white men pouring into their hunting grounds, British imperial officers in Canada also watched the flood of immigration with dismay. If it kept up, it meant the end of the profitable fur trade in that area, So If they did not actually encour age the Indian attacks on the American settlers, they certainly did not discourage them, and the forts and trading posts which they still held in the West in spite of the terms of the Treaty of Paris were outfitting points for many a scalp- ing party that went out to harass the immigrant traffic on the Ohio. Not only were they threatening to wipe out these new settlements, but back In Philadelphia the new federal government seemed to be tot- tering to its ruin because of the blows which the Harmar and St. Clair defeats had dealt to its prestige. In this crisis President Washington called upon an old friend of Revolutionary war days to make good where the others had failed. Gen. Anthony Wayne had retired to private life in Pennsylvania after the Revolution, but when Washington asked him to reorganize the army and tage command of a third expedition against the Indians, he accepted the responsibility as readily as he‘had accepted the task of capturing Stony Point in 1777. Wayne's popular nickname of “Mad Anthony” was a misnomer insofar as it inplied rashness and reckless daring. But it was true as a syno- nym for one poet's characterization of him-— “flery heart and cool, clear brain.” And If ever adequate preparation, caution and eternal vigi- Jance had a splendid reward, they had it In Wayne's campaign which culminated at Fallen Timbers. When Wayne took command of the army in April, 1792, he found its men untrained, lacking in discipline and with little faith irr their officers —mnot much to be wondered at considering what had happened In 1700 and 1791. But Wayne brought about a thorough reorganization, even to the name, which he changed to “The Legion of the United States” and which he began drilling at Pittsburgh In June, 1702, It was his original plan to form an army of some 5.000 men, but he soon saw that this would be impossible with the recruits that were far. nished him. There were almost constant deser- tions. even at Pittsburgh, which was not far enough away from the Indian country to allay the fear of some of his soldiers who expected the redskins to come whooping out of the for- ests and. scalp them as they drilled, From December, 1792, to May, 1703, Wayne was camped some 27 miles below Pittsburgh at a place he named Legionville and during this time his army of 2.500 men was being whipped into some semblance of a military organization. On May 8 he camped at Hobson's Choice, so named because he could find no other suitable ground in the vicinity. In August negotiations with the Indians were finally broken "off and Wayne, who already had been advancing toward the Indian country, prepared for a campaign which he saw would mean {lie success or failure of the United States in enforéing its rights against the British as well as the Indians in the Ohio territory, - The next stopping place noted in his orderly book was “Head Quarters neat Fort Hamilton” on October 9, 1708. At this point he began a rigorous order of march and constant vigilance against surprise attacks, “Mad Anthony,” bearing In micd the earlier failures, was at great pains to impress upon the troops the necessity of constant vigilance. On October 19 two soldiers were shot for sleeping while on sentry duty, In that month cold weather been (Ohio on heen thou- Courting of institution began army to “hut” for the was built, and t winter, during his men. From Fort Greenville he sent a detachment to St. Clair's battiefield to bury the dead and to build another fort to which nificant name of Fort Recovery. Skirmishes during the spring brought heavy loss on both sides, but they did not stop Gen- eral Wayne's preparations to advance, The Indi. ans began to gather in force, and on July 30 a body of about 1.500 or 2.000 met a detachment of 150 men and officers near Fort Recovery. The battle lasted all day. More than 22 officers and men were killed, but at length the attackers withdrew In confusion, On July 27, preparations having been made, the malin advance began again The long and hard drill had transformed Wayne's men into veterans. In June the army had been re-enforced by 1.600 mounted militia from Kentucky, Wayne had also enlisted a force of frontiersmen famil- far with life in the forest and trained In Indian warfare to be used as scouts. In this “Corps of Spies,” as it was called, were two brothers named Miller, who had been captives among the Indians, an experience which made thelr services of special value. Still another was Capt. Wil liam Wells, who had also been a captive, had been adopted by the Miamis, married a daugh- ter of Chief Little Turtle and as a “white Indian™ had actually killed and scalped men of his own race at St. Clair's defeat. General Wayne's first encampment was at Still water, 12 miles from Greenville. The second was at “Indian Encampment,” near Fort Recovery. The expedition then stopped long enough to build Fort Randolph. Another delay was caused when a falling tree struck and nearly killed Gen- eral Wayne on August 3, While the main body remained at the fort, which was also known as Fort St. Mary and Gir ty's Town, after Simon Girty, the notorious white renegade, a detachment went dewn St Mary's river and bullt a post called Fort Adams. This move was made to confuse the Indians, implying as it did that Wayne Intended to con- tinue down the river. Instead, he proceeded toward the Maumee, A deserter had warned the Indians of his approach and, unprepared to resist, the savages had deserted their villages and houses, leaving large fields of standing corn. The army came to several large villages, and for miles they passed through the fields. The troops were surprised at the fertility of the country and the industry of the Indians, none of whom had remained In any of the villages or settlements. It was soon made known, however, that they had congre- gated up stream in force to make a stand against the expedition, Apprised of this situation and expecting the attack at any time, “Mad Anthony” steadily continued his advance, 4 At the confluence of the Maumee and An Glaize rivers he paused to build Fort Defiance on August 9. At this place he also stopped to parley with the Indians, bearing in mind the desire of the government to make a peaceful settlement If possible, Christopher Miller car- ried on negotiations, which ended when the In- dians asked ten days to reach a decision, Wayne, suspicious of the delay and having reason to belleve that the Indinns were only waiting for re-enforcements and British aid, had already prepared for a further advance. On that day, August 16, he went forward 12 miles. The next day he advanced another 10 miles, and on August 19 he commenced the erection on the banks of the Maumee of a fort which he called Camp Deposit, This was bullt primariiy for the protection of his heavy baggage, with which he did not care to be encumbered when the battle began, From Camp Deposit a British fort (Fort Miami) could be seen, This camp was eom- manded by Ma), William Campbell of the Brit- ish army, and it was believed that it was a rallying point for the Indians. Both the Indians the Fort Greenville here the expedition passed the which Wayne continued drilling pr - 2 neral ordered Wayne winter, was given the sig- x Wayne Memorial at Maumee, Ohio attack upon the Americans when the time was ripe, and Wayne made plans to receive the Brit- ish with his Indians with the infantry. ™ ne horsemen; the the morn- ing of Angust 20. As Wayne's army advanced cautiously along the western banks of the Mau- mee, the American general saw that the Indian general, Little Turtle, had chosen his battlefield with Here a tornado had swept through forest, covering ground with fallen trees. The left flank of the In posi tion was covered by the Maumee and their front by a fF 3 words of tangie of lo which, In Wayne, “rendered | long-expected battle came on great skill, the the jlans’ the icticable for cavalry to act with effect, and afforded the enemy the most favorable con thelr savage method of warfare.” Undaunted by his forces in tw Wayne at once deployed with his Kentucky volun. left flank and sent these and turn their Wayne's teer cavalry under General Scott “to right with spirit and official report of laconic almost before It “1 ordered trailed arms, gain promptitude.” the battle that f account of this battle which was over began, He front rouse the Indians SBYS: the advance with line to # 4 irom MUST HAVE PEEPED met during thelr daily walk in the grounds of the institution, and the following conversation took place: First Inmate-Bet you can't guess what I've got In my hand? Second Inmate—A horse and cart, First Inmate—Ger-cher! — you've looked, Of Course Not! fing for it, Volce on the Telephone—But my deliver a close and welldirected fire on backs followed by give time to load again, {mpetuosity of infantry that Sach was the Inslan and erts In so short a time that exertion was used by officers of of the legion, and by Generals Scott, although proper positions, yet but a part of each could get up In to participate In the action, the enemy being driven in the course of an hour more than two miles through the already mentioned by less than one-half of their numbers, From every account the enemy amounted to two thousand combatants, and the troops actually engaged against them were short of nine hundred” The rout of the Indians was season complete and the British kept their outer wall tightly closed, and the confused Indians, closely followed by the American riflemen, abandoned and equipment, and fled to the woods The next day Wayne marched his men so Couldn't Stand Himself himself and doctor. The about worried doctor listened and smiled “My dear sir,” he thing to worry about” “Isn't It" sald the nantly. “You don't darned bore 1 am.’ patient, Indig- know Relief Quest don’t seem “Women in farm relief.” much ging by the what they're ested in Is form rel corset IDAZAZINes, most ton Star, Naturally Upset Her Helgho—"0ld Jonas I plumb off the oft » while he wuz shingling It Hard roof of right int« Brookiyn Eagle. SUSPICIOUS, ANYWAY “My husband writes me that I may stay at the beach as long as | wish.” “That looks suspicious, you should such near approaches to this garrison.” To this “Mad Anthony” sent a characteristic reply: interrogatory, 1 may observe to you that were until the Indians ete. had been they would not have much impeded the progress of the Victorious Army under my command.” a time” Just So A parishioner, meeting his vicar, who was carrying a brief bag, re marked: “Got your lunch, vicar?” “Sermons,” returned the clergy man. “Food for thought, you know.” “Oh 1 see—dried tongue !"—Lon. don Tit-Bits, Just What Did He Mean? “What do you think? The chief clerk had the nerve to tell me I was a blithering idiot. The chief clerk, jages near the scene of Harmar's defeat and for the next month his men were busily engaged in the destruction of the villages and crops of the Indians, Next he built a post to which he gave the Dame of Fort Wayne (from which grew the modern city of that name) and then retired to Fort Greenville to go Into winter quarters, The last act of the drama came in the summer of 1705 when Chief Little Turtle, who had warned the Indians against trying to oppose tlils “ohief who never sleeps” and advised them to the historic Treaty of Fort Greenville In the words of a recent historian (Beverley W. Bond, Jr., author of “The Civilization of the Old Northwest.” published by the Macmillan com- pany), “this treaty marked the first important victory over the Indians in the Old Northwest By its terms, all of Ohlo, except approximately the section west of the Cuyahoga, was opened to settlement, as well as the elongated strip in southeastern Indiana known as the ‘gore’ The treaty also Included cession of small strate gleally located areas in the Indian country for military posts, with linés of communication be- tween them and thus made It possible to estab lish such posts ss Fort Wayne at the head of the Maumee and Fort Dearborn at the mouth of the Ohleago. . . The surrender of Detroit, the center of British influence among the Indl ans, in 1708 after Jay's treaty had been ratified, rounded out the results of Wayne's victory.” © by Western Newspaper Union, i thing from the boss, of course, After all, he's known me for over fifteen years "London Answers, Quite a Difference “What is the difference between an old-fashioned girl and a modern ginny “An old-fashioned girl blushes when she is ashamed, and a modern girl is ashamed when she blushes” Rough “Politics is a great game,” sald the old campaigner. * *1t is,” agreed Senator Sorghum, “It used to be mild and friendly, like golf, but lately it has been getting rougher than football.” FASHIONED FOR LARGER FIGURES PATTERN 9048 Nothing works quite the magic on the larger figure like a deep cape and slender paneled seamings-—and these are the fashion points found in this charming model, The cape Is lurge, scalloped and gracefully flared, and follows the surplice line of the bodice closing. 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Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers