By ELMO SCOTT WATSON
UGUST 20 marks the one hundred forti-
eth anniversary of a battle that is
unique in American history. For it
is doubtful if there has ever
a military engagement of more far.
reaching consequences won as easily
and as quickly as was “Mad An-
thony” Wayne's victory over the
confederated Indian tribes of the
Old Northwest at Fallen Timbers on the banks
of the Maumee river in northwestern
August 20, 1704.
Not only was it all the more brilliant by c¢on-
trast with the disasters which had befallen two
American generals who had previously tried to
subdue these same red men, but it led directly to
another victory, won around the council fire in-
stead of onthe battlefield—the Treaty of Green
ville, signed just a year later. Without these
two the settlement of the Ohio country, the push.
ing of the frontier line clear to the Mississippi
river and the opening up of the rich inland
empire of the Mississippi Valley to the land-
hungry Americans of the early Nineteenth cen-
tury might have postponed indefinitely,
So the Battle of Fallen Timbers is a milepost in
the history of our westward expansion.
That expansion began even before the Revolu-
tion was over and the decade which followed
the signing of the Treaty of Paris saw
sands of settlers streaming through Pittsburgh,
“the Gateway to the West” of that period, and
floating down the Ohio to sedk new homes both
to the north and to the south of that river. The
Indians of that region—the Miamis, Wyandots,
Delawares, Shawnees, Ottawas and Pottawato-
mies—watched with alarm this ever-increasing
tide of white men pouring into their hunting
grounds,
British imperial officers in Canada also watched
the flood of immigration with dismay. If it kept
up, it meant the end of the profitable fur trade
in that area, So If they did not actually encour
age the Indian attacks on the American settlers,
they certainly did not discourage them, and
the forts and trading posts which they still held
in the West in spite of the terms of the Treaty
of Paris were outfitting points for many a scalp-
ing party that went out to harass the immigrant
traffic on the Ohio.
Not only were they threatening to wipe out
these new settlements, but back In Philadelphia
the new federal government seemed to be tot-
tering to its ruin because of the blows which
the Harmar and St. Clair defeats had dealt to
its prestige. In this crisis President Washington
called upon an old friend of Revolutionary war
days to make good where the others had failed.
Gen. Anthony Wayne had retired to private life
in Pennsylvania after the Revolution, but when
Washington asked him to reorganize the army
and tage command of a third expedition against
the Indians, he accepted the responsibility as
readily as he‘had accepted the task of capturing
Stony Point in 1777.
Wayne's popular nickname of “Mad Anthony”
was a misnomer insofar as it inplied rashness
and reckless daring. But it was true as a syno-
nym for one poet's characterization of him-—
“flery heart and cool, clear brain.” And If ever
adequate preparation, caution and eternal vigi-
Jance had a splendid reward, they had it In
Wayne's campaign which culminated at Fallen
Timbers.
When Wayne took command of the army in
April, 1792, he found its men untrained, lacking
in discipline and with little faith irr their officers
—mnot much to be wondered at considering what
had happened In 1700 and 1791. But Wayne
brought about a thorough reorganization, even to
the name, which he changed to “The Legion of
the United States” and which he began drilling
at Pittsburgh In June, 1702,
It was his original plan to form an army of
some 5.000 men, but he soon saw that this would
be impossible with the recruits that were far.
nished him. There were almost constant deser-
tions. even at Pittsburgh, which was not far
enough away from the Indian country to allay
the fear of some of his soldiers who expected
the redskins to come whooping out of the for-
ests and. scalp them as they drilled,
From December, 1792, to May, 1703, Wayne
was camped some 27 miles below Pittsburgh at
a place he named Legionville and during this
time his army of 2.500 men was being whipped
into some semblance of a military organization.
On May 8 he camped at Hobson's Choice, so
named because he could find no other suitable
ground in the vicinity. In August negotiations
with the Indians were finally broken "off and
Wayne, who already had been advancing toward
the Indian country, prepared for a campaign
which he saw would mean {lie success or failure
of the United States in enforéing its rights
against the British as well as the Indians in the
Ohio territory, -
The next stopping place noted in his orderly
book was “Head Quarters neat Fort Hamilton”
on October 9, 1708. At this point he began a
rigorous order of march and constant vigilance
against surprise attacks,
“Mad Anthony,” bearing In micd the earlier
failures, was at great pains to impress upon the
troops the necessity of constant vigilance. On
October 19 two soldiers were shot for sleeping
while on sentry duty, In that month cold weather
been
(Ohio on
heen
thou-
Courting of
institution
began
army to “hut” for the
was built, and t
winter, during
his men.
From Fort Greenville he sent a detachment
to St. Clair's battiefield to bury the dead and to
build another fort to which
nificant name of Fort Recovery.
Skirmishes during the spring brought heavy
loss on both sides, but they did not stop Gen-
eral Wayne's preparations to advance, The Indi.
ans began to gather in force, and on July 30
a body of about 1.500 or 2.000 met a detachment
of 150 men and officers near Fort Recovery. The
battle lasted all day. More than 22 officers and
men were killed, but at length the attackers
withdrew In confusion,
On July 27, preparations having been made,
the malin advance began again The long and
hard drill had transformed Wayne's men into
veterans. In June the army had been re-enforced
by 1.600 mounted militia from Kentucky, Wayne
had also enlisted a force of frontiersmen famil-
far with life in the forest and trained In Indian
warfare to be used as scouts. In this “Corps of
Spies,” as it was called, were two brothers
named Miller, who had been captives among the
Indians, an experience which made thelr services
of special value. Still another was Capt. Wil
liam Wells, who had also been a captive, had
been adopted by the Miamis, married a daugh-
ter of Chief Little Turtle and as a “white Indian™
had actually killed and scalped men of his own
race at St. Clair's defeat.
General Wayne's first encampment was at Still
water, 12 miles from Greenville. The second was
at “Indian Encampment,” near Fort Recovery.
The expedition then stopped long enough to
build Fort Randolph. Another delay was caused
when a falling tree struck and nearly killed Gen-
eral Wayne on August 3,
While the main body remained at the fort,
which was also known as Fort St. Mary and Gir
ty's Town, after Simon Girty, the notorious
white renegade, a detachment went dewn St
Mary's river and bullt a post called Fort Adams.
This move was made to confuse the Indians,
implying as it did that Wayne Intended to con-
tinue down the river. Instead, he proceeded
toward the Maumee,
A deserter had warned the Indians of his
approach and, unprepared to resist, the savages
had deserted their villages and houses, leaving
large fields of standing corn. The army came to
several large villages, and for miles they passed
through the fields. The troops were surprised
at the fertility of the country and the industry
of the Indians, none of whom had remained In
any of the villages or settlements. It was soon
made known, however, that they had congre-
gated up stream in force to make a stand against
the expedition, Apprised of this situation and
expecting the attack at any time, “Mad Anthony”
steadily continued his advance, 4
At the confluence of the Maumee and An
Glaize rivers he paused to build Fort Defiance
on August 9. At this place he also stopped to
parley with the Indians, bearing in mind the
desire of the government to make a peaceful
settlement If possible, Christopher Miller car-
ried on negotiations, which ended when the In-
dians asked ten days to reach a decision,
Wayne, suspicious of the delay and having
reason to belleve that the Indinns were only
waiting for re-enforcements and British aid, had
already prepared for a further advance. On
that day, August 16, he went forward 12 miles.
The next day he advanced another 10 miles, and
on August 19 he commenced the erection on the
banks of the Maumee of a fort which he called
Camp Deposit, This was bullt primariiy for the
protection of his heavy baggage, with which he
did not care to be encumbered when the battle
began,
From Camp Deposit a British fort (Fort
Miami) could be seen, This camp was eom-
manded by Ma), William Campbell of the Brit-
ish army, and it was believed that it was a
rallying point for the Indians. Both the Indians
the
Fort Greenville
here the expedition passed the
which Wayne continued drilling
pr - 2
neral ordered
Wayne
winter,
was given the sig-
x
Wayne Memorial at Maumee, Ohio
attack upon the Americans when the time was
ripe, and Wayne made plans to receive the Brit-
ish with his Indians with the
infantry.
™
ne
horsemen; the
the morn-
ing of Angust 20. As Wayne's army advanced
cautiously along the western banks of the Mau-
mee, the American general saw that the Indian
general, Little Turtle, had chosen his battlefield
with Here a tornado had swept
through forest, covering ground with
fallen trees. The left flank of the In posi
tion was covered by the Maumee and their front
by a fF 3 words of
tangie of lo which, In
Wayne, “rendered |
long-expected battle came on
great skill,
the the
jlans’
the
icticable for cavalry to
act with effect, and afforded the enemy the most
favorable con thelr savage method of
warfare.”
Undaunted by
his forces in tw
Wayne at once deployed
with his Kentucky volun.
left flank and sent these
and turn their
Wayne's
teer cavalry
under General Scott “to
right with spirit and
official report of
laconic
almost before It
“1 ordered
trailed arms,
gain
promptitude.”
the battle that f
account of this battle which was over
began, He
front
rouse the Indians
SBYS:
the advance with
line to
# 4
irom
MUST HAVE PEEPED
met during thelr daily walk in the
grounds of the institution, and the
following conversation took place:
First Inmate-Bet you can't guess
what I've got In my hand?
Second Inmate—A horse and cart,
First Inmate—Ger-cher! — you've
looked,
Of Course Not!
fing for it,
Volce on the Telephone—But my
deliver a close and welldirected fire on
backs followed by
give time to load again,
{mpetuosity of
infantry that
Sach was
the Inslan and
erts In so short a time that
exertion was used by officers of
of the legion, and by Generals Scott,
although
proper positions, yet but a part of each could
get up In to participate In the action,
the enemy being driven in the course of an hour
more than two miles through the
already mentioned by less than one-half of their
numbers, From every account the enemy
amounted to two thousand combatants, and the
troops actually engaged against them were
short of nine hundred”
The rout of the Indians was
season
complete and
the British kept their outer wall tightly closed,
and the confused Indians, closely followed by
the American riflemen, abandoned
and equipment, and fled to the woods
The next day Wayne marched his men so
Couldn't Stand Himself
himself and
doctor. The
about
worried
doctor listened
and smiled
“My dear sir,” he
thing to worry about”
“Isn't It" sald the
nantly. “You don't
darned bore 1 am.’
patient, Indig-
know
Relief Quest
don’t seem
“Women
in farm relief.”
much
ging by the
what they're
ested in Is form rel
corset
IDAZAZINes, most
ton Star,
Naturally Upset Her
Helgho—"0ld Jonas
I plumb off the
oft
» while he wuz shingling It
Hard
roof of
right int«
Brookiyn Eagle.
SUSPICIOUS, ANYWAY
“My husband writes me that I
may stay at the beach as long as |
wish.”
“That looks suspicious, you should
such near approaches to this garrison.” To this
“Mad Anthony” sent a characteristic reply:
interrogatory, 1 may observe to you that were
until the Indians ete. had been
they would not have much impeded the progress
of the Victorious Army under my command.”
a time”
Just So
A parishioner, meeting his vicar,
who was carrying a brief bag, re
marked: “Got your lunch, vicar?”
“Sermons,” returned the clergy
man. “Food for thought, you know.”
“Oh 1 see—dried tongue !"—Lon.
don Tit-Bits,
Just What Did He Mean?
“What do you think? The chief
clerk had the nerve to tell me I was
a blithering idiot. The chief clerk,
jages near the scene of Harmar's defeat and for
the next month his men were busily engaged in
the destruction of the villages and crops of the
Indians, Next he built a post to which he gave
the Dame of Fort Wayne (from which grew the
modern city of that name) and then retired to
Fort Greenville to go Into winter quarters,
The last act of the drama came in the summer
of 1705 when Chief Little Turtle, who had
warned the Indians against trying to oppose tlils
“ohief who never sleeps” and advised them to
the historic Treaty of Fort Greenville
In the words of a recent historian (Beverley
W. Bond, Jr., author of “The Civilization of the
Old Northwest.” published by the Macmillan com-
pany), “this treaty marked the first important
victory over the Indians in the Old Northwest
By its terms, all of Ohlo, except approximately
the section west of the Cuyahoga, was opened
to settlement, as well as the elongated strip in
southeastern Indiana known as the ‘gore’ The
treaty also Included cession of small strate
gleally located areas in the Indian country for
military posts, with linés of communication be-
tween them and thus made It possible to estab
lish such posts ss Fort Wayne at the head of
the Maumee and Fort Dearborn at the mouth
of the Ohleago. . . The surrender of Detroit,
the center of British influence among the Indl
ans, in 1708 after Jay's treaty had been ratified,
rounded out the results of Wayne's victory.”
© by Western Newspaper Union,
i
thing from the boss, of course, After
all, he's known me for over fifteen
years "London Answers,
Quite a Difference
“What is the difference between
an old-fashioned girl and a modern
ginny
“An old-fashioned girl blushes
when she is ashamed, and a modern
girl is ashamed when she blushes”
Rough
“Politics is a great game,” sald the
old campaigner. *
*1t is,” agreed Senator Sorghum, “It
used to be mild and friendly, like
golf, but lately it has been getting
rougher than football.”
FASHIONED FOR
LARGER FIGURES
PATTERN 9048
Nothing works quite the magic
on the larger figure like a deep cape
and slender paneled seamings-—and
these are the fashion points found in
this charming model, The cape Is
lurge, scalloped and gracefully flared,
and follows the surplice line of the
bodice closing. A snug hip yoke and
the aforementioned panels keep the
figure straight below waistline,
For afternoons In warm weather,
georgeftes and chiffons are lovely—
in colorful prints or monotones, For
the
»] Sew Chart
be ordered onls
44 and 46
3
yards 30
in sizes 368, 38, 40, 42
Size 36 requires 4 inch
Send FIFTEEN CENTS In coins or
Be sure to write plainly your
NAME, ADDRESS, the STYLE NUM.
BER and SIZE.
Send your order to Sewing Circle
Pattern Department, 232 West Eight-
eenth Street, New York
m——————m——
MODERN POLITICIAN
“Have
yet?
“Yos: he flew over our house this
morning and dropped down a lot of
literature and threw a kiss to the
baby."—Pathfinder Magazine,
you seen the candidate
Mortgage Included
Customer—But you didn’t tell me
about the mortgage on the house?
Owner—Don't you remember? 1
told you it had all the modern Im.
provements. — Vancouver Provinge.
THE MODERN WAY
“1 haven't a dollar
own.”
“Careful man,
name, eh?”
to call my
All In your wife's
Thoughtfulness
Housewife (suspiciousiy)—I see
you have put all the best tomatoes ov
top.
Grocer—Yes, we do that to save
you the trouble of hunting through
the box for them.
The Mean Thing
First Actress—I like to act in »
play that brings tears,
Second Actress—Won't any pla;
you're in do that?
Service
Walter—Tea or coffee?
Guest-—Chocolate !
Waiter (shonting)--Mixum.
»
¥
FoR B®
WORTH IT/}
“
i