EXFORD GUY TUGWELL'S ap- pearance before the senile agri culture committee to be quizzed as to his fitness for the position of under- secretary of agricul- ture was rather farci- cal, even though it brought on heated en- counters among the members of the com- mittee. The senators aired their own views freely, but learned al- most nothing concern- ing those of Mr. Tug- Sell well, He did tell them he believed the Con- R. G. Tugwell stitution was flexible enough to take care of any necessary economic changes: that he was op- posed to the adoption of Soviet plan- ning by America, and that he thought his experience on his father's farm and his research qualified him for the position to which the President had appointed him, Finally the committee reported the nomination favorably, the only two opposing votes being those of “Cotton Ed” Smith of South Caro- lina and Henry D, Hatfield of West Virginia, The action of the committee as- sured Tugwell's confirmation by the senate, but the debate on the floor was unexpectedly long and the attacks on Tugwell were outspoken. Senator Schall of Minnesota, for instance, said: “Agriculture demands and already has experiment stations dealing in actual crops, live stock, and markets, It wants no ‘bold experiments in col lectivism® by a self-styled philosopher who functions like a three card monte sharp who jumps upon a box with three shells and a pea and who en- tertains the public with his cry, ‘Now You see it and now you don't. Who is the next gent? “Tugwell's general denial, and his specific denials, in the light of his as sociates in the field of political writ- Ing, are absolutely worthless. They are an insult to an Intelligent jury. He Insults the United States senate in order to gain a high office from which he can preach ‘collectivism’ as a substitute for American institutions and the Constitution” HILE the delegates of the steel werkers' unions were gathering in Pittsburgh to vote on the threat- ened strike, President Roosevelt and his advisers brought forward a plan for an emergency law designed to avert the walkout. It was admittedly & temporary expedient to give the President an effective agency for the consideration of Industrial disputes arising during the life of the NRA. Under the new bill's terms, boards selected by the President would be empowered to order and conduct an election, by a secret ballot, to deter mine “by what person or persons or organizations” employees may desire to be represented in negotiations un- der the collective bargaining features of the national recovery act. The wroposed boards also would have the authority to order produc. tion of pertinent documents and wit. nesses to give testimony under oath, and their orders would be enforceable by any United States court of compe tent jurisdiction, similar to Hke privi. leges enjoyed by the federal trade commission. Vested with authority to prescribe their own rules and regula. tions, the boards would be armed with a penalty clause in the new law, set. ting $1,000 fine or a year imprison ment, or both, for violation of their decrees, N ITS second report to the Presi. dent the national recovery review board, headed by Clarence Darrow, Joosed another blast at Administrator Johnson and in effect recommended his removal as head of the NRA. The board sald Johnson had given the re covery program an un-American and dictatorial tinge that handicapped it in the war on depression: that he has arbitrarily decreed life and death for industries, and that by arbitrary mod. ffications of codes he has helped big business concerns to oppress thelr smaller competitors, “The rule of the military commander fs totally unsuited to the genius, hab. its, traditions, or psychology of the American people, and wholly ineffectn- al in meeting the present national erisis,” the board concluded, The second Darrow report covered the retail dry goods, warehousing, lum- ber, cement, retail food, boot and shoe, electrical manufacturing, bedding, pe- troleum, coffee, plumbing fixture, em- broldery, and lead pencil codes. Com- plaints against the warchousing, elee- trical manufacturing, and embroidery codes were dismissed as without foun dation. But In the other codes the board claimed to find oppression of small businesses or consumers, —— ECRETARY OF STATE HULL sent to Great Britain another note concerning the war debt, bluntly re. futing the arguments of the British government, saying it was ap to the debtor to offer propositions In such cases, and Intimating that an arrange. ment for part payment in goods might be possible. However, when June 18, the day for installments, came, Uncle Sam received oniy $166,538, which was the full sum due from Finland. The larger debtors all gave notice of de fault, and so did most of the others. Czechoslovakia suggested a readjust. ment to permit It to pay in goods and service, In Berlin the Relchsbank declared a six-months moratorium on its for- eign obligations, these Including the Dawes and Young loans. No cash transfers will be made by the bank from July 1 to December 31, 1034. ENATOR ARTHUR ROBINSON of J Indiana, who was renominated by the Republicans, will be opposed at the polls next fall by Sherman Min. ton, the selection of the Democratic state convention, Mr. Minton, a World war veteran. is now public counselor for the public service com- mission of the state. His nomination was a victory for Governor MeNutt over the faction led by R. Earl Peters, former state chairman. N THE Democratic run-off primary in Alabama, Former Gov. Bibb Graves won the nomination for gov ernor and goes back to the executive office which he held January, 1027, to January, 1031. Judge James E, Horton, who pre sided in the second trial of Heywood Patterson, one of the nine negro de fendants in the “Scottsboro case.” and then set aside a jury verdict of death, ran more than 2.500 behind A. A. Grif- fith of Cullman. George Huddleston of Birmingham retained his seat as congressman from the Ninth district, but Congressman Miles C. Allgood of the Fifth district was beaten by Mal. Joe Starnes. from MMEDIATE relief from distress and recovery of business prosperity fall far short of President plans for regeneration of the nation. or This was revealed In his special message to congress which told of the plans and ree. ommendations he would submit to the next congress. He asked for no present legislation, but gave notice of the social experiments he pro poses to begin next winter, The message dis cussed the three fac. tors of housing, land and resource planning and old age and unemploy- ment insurance. Expressing satisfaction over prog- ress in relieving industry, agriculture, and unemployment, the President, as serting his right to chart social re- forms, declared, “It is childish to speak of recovery first and reconstruc. tion afterward.” Taking up the housing problem, he said millions of dollars had already been provided to Improve living condi- tions, and voiced the hope that with passage of his housing program pri. vate capital would be stimulated to widen the scope of home building. Discussing planned control of the land, he declared that hundreds of thousands of families now live “where there is no reasonable prospect of a living in the years to come.” Sounding the failure of the govern- ment thus far to create a “national policy” for the development of land and water resources, Mr. Roosevelt in- dicated his intention of providing such a policy, and for the transferring to new lands of “those people who can not make a living in their present po- sitions.” Outlining his views on providing se. curity against unemployment and old age, Mr. Roosevelt said he was seck- ing a “sound means” which he could recommend to provide an immediate safeguard against these “hazards and vicissitudes of life.” Roosevelt's President Roosevelt HEN President Roosevelt signed the tariff bargaining bill he ae quired authority to negotiate recipro- cal trade treaties without senate ap- proval and to locrease or decrease tariff rates by as much as 50 per cent in order to stimulate foreign com merce. This policy of swapping redue- tions, the government believes, will result In great benefit to our foreign trade, and at the same time will give adequate protection to Industry. Al ready nearly thirty foreign nations are lined up, awaiting am opportunity to negotiate reciprocal treaties, MAX BAER of California brought the world’s heavyweight title back to America by soundly whipping Primo Carnera, the huge Italian, in New York. The fight was the most exciting one seen In this country for a long time. Scheduled for fifteen rounds, It ended in the eleventh when the referee declared a technical knock. out and awarded the victory to Baer, Cartera was game to the end. Thin teen times he went to the canvas, yet he was advancing against the retreat. ing Baer during the greater part of the contest. Carpera went into the ring weighing 263 pounds, and Baer ONGRESS completed action on the communications bill and it was handed to the President for his signa- ture. This new law puts an end to the federal radio commission and creates a new board of seven members known as the federal communications com- mission that not only takes over the duties of the radio board but also all control that has been exercised by the interstate commerce commission over telegraphic and telephonic communi- cations, As set forth in the law, Its enact. ment is for the purpose of regulating interstate and foreign commerce in communication by wire and radio to make available, so far as possible, to all the people of the United States a rapid, efficient, nation-wide and world wide wire and radio communication service with adequate facilities, at reasonable charges, for the purpose of national defense and for the purpose of securing a more effective execution of this policy by centralizing authority heretofore granted by law to several agencies; and by granting additional authority with redpect to interstate and foreign commerce In wire and radio communication, A significant new provision which the bill earries into law is the assertion of full control over all wire and radio communications by the government in case of war or “public peril.” Under this section the President has author- ity to take over all wire offices sation to persons entitled thereto. ARGELY Norman sador at men at through the Davis, American the were persuaded drop their quarreling and adopt a mild large, Geneva that fe ment Great prolonged the of disarma conference Britain and France upon a plan, on the return of Germany to the conference, and the aid of Italy was enlisted. It was ar ranged that Chancel lor Hitler should go to Venice and that Premier Musso linl should fly to that to confer with his fellow dictator, whom he had never Later Louis Barthou, French minister, is expected to go to for a talk with Mus solini In which the misunderstandings between their countries may be ironed out, Mussolini and Hitler were to discuss European policies generally, and, spe- cifically, the German claims to full armament and the Austrian question, involving Nazi propaganda in the lat. ter country, This Anglo-French compromise was a diplomatic setback for Russia, but the Soviet republic countered with the announcement that it had been recog. nized by Czechoslovakia and Rumania, Recognition by Jugosiavia was expect. ed to follow shortly. Maxim Litvinov's announcement was taken to mean that the Rossians intend to go ahead with their policy of encircling Germany. The recognition was effected by an exchange of letters between Litvinov and Dr. Edward Benes, foreign min- ister of Czechoslovakia, and Nicholas Titulescu, foreign minister of Ru mania. After suggesting an early ex change of which will as sure that relations between their coun. tries “will always remain friendly and correct,” each of these Jetters adds the phrase, “our peoples will collabo- rate in the future to maintain the peace of the world.” German papers agree a new chapter in relations between Soviet Russia and the powers of southeastern Europe has been opened. It is expected the next step probably will be the conecln- gion of a commercial agreement be the agreed based Premier Mussolini City met, foreign Rome ministers, pacts are said to be in the back ground. A committee of the disarmament conference had under comsideration the matter of guarantees for any con vention which may be agreed upon: to the Japanese delegate he sald his government could not consent to guar. antees without reservations. There upon the Russian delegate sald the Soviet government would not accept any such agreement that was not signed by Japan. VEN guecess In passing the bill for a cen- sus of the unemployed, and many of them voted against it or were absent when it came up for final passage, That it was designed mainly to give jobs for the faithful at the expense of the national treasury was clear, for Jobs until after the November con- gressional elections. Then they will receive $2 a day for a long period, ob- taining answers to an elaborate ques. tionnaire. ROUTH-STRICKEN regions of the Middle West were blessed with soaking rains, and hope was held out for forage crops and corn. The earlier crops, however, are ruined over most of the area. Secretary Wallace, after a trip through the “dry” states, de- scribed the drouth as a “tragedy” for the farmers who are suffering from its ravages, but a possible future “bless. ing for the country as a whole” LIN DUTRA, professional of a California country club,, now wears the crown of open golf cham. pion of the United States, won | the title by shooting a 203 for 72 holes. Mational Topics Interpreted = Washington. —President Roosevelt's broad conception of reform in the countryssocial Social Reform structure has now been given the coun- Program try. In it, he has presented the embryonic propositions which he intends to submit to the con- gress that convenes in January, 1935. Everywhere around the capital city, I believe, It is accepted as a statement upon which he expects that Democrat- fc representatives and senators will seek to be re-elected in the November elections, Disregarding for a moment the views obtainable as to the merits of the proj- ects which he laid down in his mes sage to congress outlining his social reform program, I find that most lead- £rs look upon the Roosevelt statement a8 one from which he can determine his future policy. It will work out this way, 1 am informed: if the voters elect ers for the house and senate again this President will consider that If, I am told that Mr. Roosevelt would be likely to consider that as a mandate to As I reported to you several weeks Mr. Roosevelt has now rounded course should be. At that time, I pre- dicted he would find it opportune just before congress quit for the session to toss his ideas into the hopper for mastication during the summer months, It can now be sald that he has elected to go Into battle with the opposition without quarter, for his message made He de present | : as an alternative, clared they were unable any plans for human happiness and that they proposed to go back to the “old order” which md broken down completely in the past The President asserted that he pro- posed to make the “security of the citizen and his family” the first con- sideration of government. And to ac- complish that, he explained, it was necessary to toss aside many of the traditions and practices to which we long have adhered. “People,” he sald, “want decent homes to live in; they want to locate them where they can engage in piro- ductive work; and they want some safeguard against misfortunes which cannot be wholly eliminated in this man-made world of ours™ Mr. Roosevelt's message was decid edly general in tone. He avoided specifications, But the general thoughts were certainly clear to all and sundry, and it Is upon these general thoughts that the issues are to be drawn. In deed, they have already Been drawn 80 It cannot be doubted that throughout the coming campaigns, we 8 hew by Mr. The Roosevelt supporters io Repub- destruction of property Some observers here thought there might be some link between the deliv- ery of the Presi NolLink With dent's message at selected and the threats of strikes. They professed to tive to satisfy many citizens as to his I amin a po sition to say, however, that there was no connection between the unsettled along In regular course, If it has had, or is to have, any effect on the threats cidence. The strikes have been bred of differ ent causes than the things about which He is proposing such things as old age insurance, additional government mon- ey for loans to persons who want to buy homes, the transfer of those liv- ing In barren spots (insofar as jobs are concerned) to sections and com- munities where work is obtainable, and a general paternalism on the part of the national government. In other words, Mr. Roosevelt's plans contem- plate a long range development and have no reference to NRA schemes, its codes or what have you. It does re. late directly to the movements under. taken by the Agricultural Adjustment administration which have gone a long why-and it wants to go much farther ~in regulating the production of farms and In controlling what farmers do with their land, With reference to this phase, it can be said that Mr, Roosevelt is willing to abandon millions of acres of land and to have the people who live upon land that is worn forred to good Innd. It is a propos: tion that will Involve the use of untold millions of dollars, and it is to be as sumed that it will be money paid into the treasury by taxpayers, supplied the fers will be handled, but will add to the surplus about which the Agricultural Adjustment administra- ticn has been complaining, » * * Now that we have a new law that authority to control Velvet Beans Are Good for Forage Dairy Farmer Finds They Produce Well Planted With Corn Crop. By Encs C, Miair, Agronomist North Caro. ina Biste Collage of Agricul @ WHNU Bervice Velvet beans planted with corn is an excellent winter dairy forage.” This is the experience of a North Carolina farmer who operates a small dairy. land to corn and velvet ary weather of the sum light, sandy The in the made rank tropical the aown growth. storms blew August, corn Little grain stocks and bonds are sold, as well as a law by which the government controls the issuance and sale of such securi Our Lives examination is going to of the new agency run that show. It seen a far ery from the stock change Wall Street to the country school house, but this new law is so far-reaching In its effect and in its scope of jurisdiction that it touches that little country school and the lives of all of us 1 judge the pressions 1 have picked up that pass law has may of from age of the exchange control brought us to a turning point in matter of what we do with the extra few dolinrs that we can ss vest with expectation of » and In turn of interest, ’ to whether anything {s accomplished der the combination control issues and stock exchange will entirely on administration of the laws. That is to if is to there must tion of cording ihe consensus seems in ’ of security gay, good be reasonable to the general view of those directly affected, The stock exchange control law underwent a ipajor oper- ation in congress from the manner in which the professors of the brain trust had drawn it, originally, Until those objectionable features were eliminated, there was a battle royal in house and senate, Since omitted were deemed too radical by congress, it Is to be assumed there was merit in the claims of brokers and investors in stocks that the bill dammed up money that could have been put to work and used the features would have otherwise ecssarily has to operate to a great ex- tent on borrowed funds, credit here that there is still a serious prob- lem ahead in the matter of keeping the channels open for investment funds. It is asserted by many that “the pro fessorial type of mind” should not be man commission that is set up to rule this phase of commerce. 1 think no one can deny that there But the farmer turned misfortune into this appar good account 22 ficient feed to keep the cows In heavy milk flow throughout the winter. No cept during a few cold days when they could not be turned Into an open feild March 15, mentioned, £1} without he began With the extra has kept on the bean { spring plowing At that time bean feeding hay, quantity of As & result of and satisfactory have about his cows every “yr on Urges Liberal Feeding for the Sows With Pigs Producing milk for hung is the hardest work the brood sow does. pigs gry as shown by her loss In welght of from 25 to 40 pounds, says EF swine ht Un Minnesota farm. Feeds for milk Ferrin, ishandman, versity of Te pro duction need to be high in protein and minerals because of the Arge amounts of these n but corn also is itrients 1 milk, impo its high energy the cheapest if iy other feeds fur. grain care Is used to » nishing Pasture is one of the best stimulants Before the graz- ing season begins, green leafy alfalfa is a Skimmilk and shot be fed liberally. protein and minerals for milk production os Pt] § vy good substitute, and growing pigs, especially when com. with shorts or middlings as Buttermilk has the same feed- change operations they will do so, Yet, the thought held by some of the real authorities is that damage the fleld of finance beyond measure. Selection of men for the jobs who would exercise their author ity with restraint as well as with in- telligence was imperative from the start, or else I am convinced the whole country would suffer because there conld be no distribution of the securi- ties, Bonds on the little country school house would be difficult to sell, and mortgage lenders, who sell bonds against those mortgages, would be against a wall - - * Democrats continued the dying gasp of the Seventy-third con Still Pie gress to seek po litical pie for their H &ry constituents. They are still ple hungry now, insofar as one attempted raid on government jobs is concerned. A broad jump was at- tempted in the house to place several hundred extra workers in the general accounting office for the purpose of auditing the expenditures of the sev- eral dozen Roosevelt agencies that are denominated by their critics as the “alphabetical soup.” Up to this time, J. R. McQOarl, the comptroller general of the United States, has had little chance to find out what the alphabet. ical agencies have been doing with the vast sums appropriated for them or allocated them by the President from the various huge appropriations. He has to, and does, pass on the expendi- tures of the regularly established gov- ernment agencies, but none of the new ones were put under his watchful eye. Mr. Roosevelt ordered the audit. To do the job, however, required addi tional help for Mr. McOarl, and about $1,000,000 was included in a deficiency appropriation bill, The pie-hidnters saw a fine chance, and they never over. look any chance. So they slipped a line Into the appropriation bill that sald the extra workers were to be chosen without regard for the civil service. What a huge piece of ple, in fact, many pieces of ple! But something happened to the well laid plan. Somewhere the language got changed to read that the comptrol ler general “may appoint” the extra workers without regard for the civil service instead of the command that he “shall appoint” And, in this case, the change is of vart importance to maintenance of the elvil service as a " method of employment. © by Western Newspaper Union, Numerous right up to damp, rainy weather. fire needed is fed Self-feeding the sow and pigs is both logical and Seif-feeding can be begun when the pigs are about three weeks old, Jf they are in lots or on pasture where they get exercise. Shelled corn and wheat middlings are plus tankage or a Tankage and unless consider. economical mixture. protein Fattening Lambs Many feeders claim that lambs can be more economically finished for the market by self-feeding thap by band. This claim is based prin. saves man labor, and that is po doubt true. However, when only one or two carloads of lambs are fed, the saving of labor is not quite so evident, if, in- deed, there is any saving at all. There are also several other factors which must be taken into consideration in making a choice between the two methods of feeding, that sometimes have a greater effect upon the costs of production than the factor of labor. In the Windrows According to “Internal Debts of the United States,” by Clark & Galloway, about 60 per cent of American farms have no debts on them at all . Ad - * A survey indicates acreage planted to watermelons in the southern part of Georgia Is Increased 30 to 40 per cent this season. - » » The world’s sheep population is esti- mated at 500,000,000. From this sheep population the world’s wool clip each year Is around 1,500,000 tons, - . . The yield of protein from soybeans -pound for pound--is twice that of meat, four times that of eggs, wheat and other cereals, and twice that of pavy beans * 9 » Soybeans, cowpeas and similar leg- ume crops are not considered feed crops under the AAA ruling, but in. stead are classified az hay crops. . Hawaii's 1033 pineapple pack of ap. proximately 8,000,000 cases was esti. mated to have a value of $22,400,000. . » Ohio has only 75 per cent as many cattle on feed this year and the Corn Belt has but 88 per cent as many as a year ago, the United States Depart. ment of Agriculture reports, . ® » From practical experience the De partment of Agriculture has learned that temporary check of dams of brush built to stop erosion, will last from two and one-half to three years.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers