RESIDENT ROOSEVELT adminis tered what looked like a knockout blow to the world conference in Lon- don, and then, at the urgent request ET pp of Secretary Hull and "his colleagues, made an effort to restore it to consciousness and action. Of course Mr. Roosevelt had not In. tended to paralyze the parley, but he wished it te proceed in accordance with his own Ideas, and those probably are the Ideas of most of his fellow countrymen as well, His effort was not at first successful, for the leaders, yielding to the demand of the gold bloe, decided the conference should take a recess for an indefinite time, This accorded with the views of some of the American delegates, but retary of State Hull, acting under in structions from President flercely fought the plan und finally per suaded the bureau, or steering mittee, to change its mind. It then de clared it was firmly determined to pro ceed with the work of the conference and asked the various subcommittees to prepare a list of questions that could be usefully studied by the con ference, monetary problems being ex. cluded by the gold bloc. As tari problems also sare out, it* may seem that the conference has lost its first rank importance in world news for the present. What the President first did to the conference was in the form of a note, read to it by Mr. Hull, beginning: President Roosevelt See Roosevelt, com “1 would regard it as a catastrophe amounting to a world tragedy if the great conference of nations called to bring about a more real and perma ment financial stability and a greater prosperity to the masses of all nations should in advance of any serious ef. fort to prob- lems allow itself to be divertgd by the of a and experiment the nations consider these broader proposal purely artificial affecting few temporary monetary exchange of a only “Such action, sueh diversion. shows & singular lack of proportion and fail ure to remember the larger purposes for which the conference originally was called together.” economic Delegates of the gold bloc nations, led by France, were angered both by the President's attitude on stabiliza- tion and by what they considered his dictatorial manner, and Prime Minis ter MacDonald was grievously disap- pointed. The conference leaders met and after a lot of exceedingly plain #peaking adopted a resolution to ad Journ, which was what the gold bloc Inzisted upon. Secretary Hull alone, still hopeful and clinging to the inter nationalist doctrines which the Pres ident had abandoned, argued for con tinuance of the conference and finally persuaded the other leaders to with hold the adjournment resolution unti} further word had been receive d from Mr. Roosevelt, The President's second communica- tion was more conciliatory in tone but showed no disposition to retreat from the position he had taken. He asserted that the raising and stabiliza- tion of commodity prices was the ma- Jor objective and the exchange value of the dollar in terms of foreign cur rencies a minor consideration. Delegates of France, Holland, Bel glum, Italy, Poland and Switzerland the chief gold standard nations—met informally and formed a monetary pool which pins all their currencies one to another, They also decided In principle to form an economic union. Tus wheat committee of the econ omic conference alone accom. plished something. It announced that the United States, Canada. Australia and Argentina, the great wheat pro- ducing countries, had accepted the American plan for restriction of acre. age and production. The agreement Is subject to the as sent of Importing countries to some provisions for abolition of certain reg- ulations concerning milling and quo tas, The purpose of the plan is that wheat should be raised in natural growing countries and that European efforts to foster artificial produetion be abandoned. PEAKER HENRY oo RAINEY ex. pressed the general thought of Americans when he said that the selfishness of foreign nations which demand that the United States con. tinue to give them trade advantages is the real cause of the difficulties at the London conference. He de clared the whole country was back ing the President In his stand on currency matters, Speaking at the Independence day dinner of the American chamber of commerce in 'arie. Ambassador Straus vigorously defended the Amer ienn econoinle policy. "When we rend in the duily press” Lie declared, “of some nutions, whose friendship we de sire and who should be our friends, that we are grisping, that we are selfikh and (hat we are pursuing a course unfuvosible to world peace and the solution of world problems, 1 think it time for us to argue the un- fairness of such pronouncements.” President Le Brun was one of those at the dinner, The European press in stances criticized the President's stand harshly, But in Berlin the Nazi organ, Der Angriff, hit thé nail on the head with the statement that President Roosevelt takes the same stand as the Nazi government, name. ly. that a healthy domestic economic systems. Is more Important than the relation of home currency to foreigp. most in MPOSITION of the processing tax of 30 cents a bushel on wheat went into effect, and Secretary of Agricul ture Wallace let the public know that be intended to exercise his powers to prevent “unreasonable” Increases of retail prices In its wake. The Iowa Bakers’ association had proposed to increase bread prices from 5 to 8 cents per pound and Mr. Wallace warned them, calling attention to bis authority. The President of the lown association communicated with na tional headquarters of the American Bakers’ association and announced that the projected price advance would be withheld until further notice. How ever, bread prices In certain enses were advanced in Minneapolis and St Paul, in Pennsy! also In some other localities. The Internal revenue sumed the task of the processing tax. Forms for its en forcement were sent out, requiring re turns from approximately 25.000 bak ers, 450,000 retailers and 4,000 millers. The tax applies not only to whent en tering mills to be ground into flour. but also to stocks of products processed from wheat held by millers and bak ers. Its purpose, it may be recalled. Is to finance wheat acreage reduction To fAnance application of the farm act to corn and the ad ministration is planning to into effect by October | a tnx on hogs from which expected $150,000,000 will be Secre tary Wallace has suggested that rep resentatives of the corn and hog pro ducers get together In the near future and discuss this matter. A maximum processing tax on cot ton, probably 4 cents. is to become eof fective on August 1. if the acreage re duction campaign now under way In the cotton belt succeeds, and a proc essing tax of about 6 cents a pound is to be levied on cigar leaf t; pe tobac cos by October 1. RErurs NG from his cruise to Campobelln island. the President received members of his cabinet on board the cruiser Indian apolis, and then landed, went to the White Houge and plunged into the task of getting his domes tic recovery program into full operation. His attention was given first to the pub He works and indus trial recovery plans In the case of the former he decided that priority should be given to the projects that provide the most labor, and he carefully stu died a list that was prepared by Secretary of the Interior Ickes Next came the trade codes that are being submitted rapidly to Ad ministrator Hugh 8. Johnson and that require the President's approval be fore being given the force of law The first of these was the cotton tex. tile code, which officials, industry and labor were inclined to look upon as the model for other trades to follow. General Johnson and his assistants received the code proposed by the woman's apparel industry, affecting about 500,000 workers: and the oil Industry code also was ready for con. sideration. Others on the way were the codes of the iron and steel, an thracite coal, automobile, lumber, wool and retail dry goods industries. Administrator Johnson let it be known that a single code was desired for the whole bituminous coal industry. 4 Indiana mines had already submitted a’ separate code, loaf, western bureau as colleciing swine farm put prox essing it Is realized vacation Sec’y Ickes OBILIZATION of the reforesta. tion army, otherwise the civilian conservation corps, it was announced in Washington was virtually com. pleted, and the concentration of man power exceeds even the mobilization of American troops during the World war In a like period—three manths, Director Robert Fechner reported that 250.000 men were living and working in the forest camps: another 24.000 were in the conditioning camps, and 25,000 more were beingerecrnited from the ranks of the idle, These men re ceive a dollar a day and their keep from the federal government, and are engaged In constructive labor, whereas a few weeks ago they were Idle. As Mr. Fechner says: “They have been given n. chance, Overnight they have became contrib utors to the family needs, to the ex tent of af least twenty five dollnrs monthly, with direct bepefit to thelr relatives and to local relief agencies,” FIORTS to renew trade relations he- tween the United States and Soviet Russia, earnestly promoted by Smith Wildman Brookhart, are bearing fruit, The first result is a deal by which Russia nequires 00,000 to 80. 000 bales of American cotton, It Is to he financed by the He construction Finance corporation which will make a series of loans totaling about $4,000, 000 to American ex. porters. These loans will be secured by notes of the Amtorg Trading company and unconditionally guaranteed by the Soviet state bank. Amtorg is owned by the U. 8. 8. R, and was organized by the new Russia to curry its business In a country where it had no ofticial standing, The loans will be for one year and, like the £750,000,000 advanced to China by the Recanstrue tion corporation for the purchuse of wheat and cotton, will bear 5 per cent interest, There Smith wy, Brookhart on was much discussion whether this transaction foreboded diplomatic recognition of the Soviet rovernment by the United States—an other of Brookhart's hobbies, Assist ant Secretary of State Moley had an intimate talk In London with Maxim Litvinov, astute commissar of itussia. Hus to Riga dispatches gay that Moscow ex Pects this recognition by Jely 31. [ TVINOY greatly <+ the strengthened government's ging to a successful negotiations for a pact of non-ageression with seven of its neigh. bors. The signing this conven tion, besides Russia, are Estonia. fat vin, Poland, Rumania. Turkey. Persia and Afghanistan, Litvinov said in London : “The in the erament’s Hussian position by conclusion world briy stites constitutes a chain of the Measures sy Hew Soviet gov tematienlly di reinforcement of rected townrds peaceful relations with its neighbors, The Soviet Union is ready to rign similar cons with any other Bltates Irrespective of thelr geograph ical and existing relations with itself.” entions position Several das that Lith: f pact inter it was announced mnia and Russias had signed lines, along the same HANCELLOR HITLER has rea) - ized his ambition to control Ger for the Catholle viving dissolved. as many politically, triste, party, has varian the elections in importance of the Cen the Inst sur non-Nazd the 1 before has which of March 3 was the sixth sroups In People's pa riy the it was announced es gotiations between the Centrists un der Former Chancellor Bruening and the Nazis had been closed, with the Centrists’ reichstag ing Hitlerites, Bruening b wa id, would not become 8 Nazi, but Count Eugen Quadt-Isny, who was empow- ered to act for the Bavarian popu lists, applied for the Npzl party as a hospitant and advised his colleagues to do the same All other opposition parties having quit or merged with the Nazis, the Hitler government Is now free to go ahead unhampered with its “national revolution,” which Is being extended to Industrial, religious, educational and agricultural life. } members beonm “guests” or “hospitanis™ of the imself, one soiree admission to IGHLY successful aviation meots were held in both Los Angeles and Chicago. The only unfortunate incident in connection with the Call. fornia affair was the death of Russell Boardman, noted transoceanic aviator whose plane crashed at Indianapolis a8 he was racing across the continent. MONG recent deaths were those of Albert R, Erskine, former head of the Studebaker automobile corpora. tion, who committed suicide: and Hipolito Yrigoyen, one of the moet powerful figures in Argentina and twice President of that republie. HOSE who are interested In the doings of the movie folk—and thelr about the break up of what had been regarded as the ideal family among the cinema actors. Mary Pickford and Doug. las Fairbanks it ap pears, have reached the marital divide, as the Los Angeles correspondents phrase it, and are about to separate, Whether they will be divorced remains to be seen, but they probably win Mary Pickford be. The news came out when it was announced that “Pickfair,” their home in Beverly Hills, was for sale. On behalf of Mary this statement was made: “It Is true that Pickfair is for sale. It is true that separation be tween Douglas Fairbanks and Miss Pickford is contemplated. If there should be a divorce. the grounds will be incompatibility. Beyond that there is nothing to say." Early In the yenr there were rumors of a separation of these screén fa vorites, and Miss Pickford joined Fairbanks In London In an effort to end them. But soon after they re turned to California Douglas left hur rledly for England. They wore mar ried 13 years ago, the second mar ringe for each. Hoth of them are millionaires, and under ngrecments ne gotiated during recent yenrs they have waived claims on each other's prop erties, © 1035 Western Newspaber Unlon, Su = Washington.—~General Hugh 8. John- gon, President Roosevelt's “Ira” (in dustrial recovery ad- Johnson ministrator) has Gets Action been moving with #0 much speed that he now has between thirty and forty major Industries in agreement respect. ing principles and practices which dustrial machinery into motion, labor and buyers buying again, He has accomplished these things by sheer driving power coupled with the full force of publicity. Industrial lead ers have had to stand hitched, have to abandon a lot of their own ideas were afrald of the if they falled the bulk of them publicity to co-operate, Developments under the Industrial recovery act, the program which the President drove through congress as ness and government, have begun to show the extraordinary power accord- They reveal likewise the enormous pressure than ean be exerted In the name of of the United States traditionally independent and free Americans will subject themselves In time of stress. But, simultaneously, ob- rent of anger among those same in- dustrialists at the use of the powers of the government in the way they are being used. In other words, 1 think It Is no exaggeration to say the majority of the Industrial codes were worked out under duress and fear and that the majority of those agreeing to had thelr fingers crossed they signed on the dotted lines General Johnson has a term-——pine- apples—by which he the knotty probls constantly recurring In his negotiations with the various industrial groups, It is freely pre. dicted both among the industrialists who came here for thelr conferences on the new and among wise fcres in the government that there will be a surplus of pineapples along with ra had week with describes codes fome other crops this year, under way a conferences in which the codes worked out by the industrialists for governing their industries wore being aired when up came the age-old versus labor.™ Capital can not be criticized too much for desiring to protect itself. and Ia bor cannot be criticized too much for demanding what It considers to be itn rights, Yet the feeling here seems to be that each must go along within reason under present conditions, or else each will be put In the position of cutting off its nose to spite its face Ira was pretty “hard bolled” on this program and a full head of steam was developed that resulted In an inevit able blow-off, hardly been f§nl pis eappie of “eap The blow-off came with suddenness, Like startling lightning out of a blue sky came Miss Came the prances Perkins, the secretary of labor, Blow-off and she hid down some solid demands in a hearing be. fore Ira. She sald that capital was trying to take advantage of labor, that ft was sliding out from under the terms of the law which created Ira's Job, and that Ira was moving with such speed to get recovery under way that labor was going to suffer. Miss Perkins did not say it that way, yet my language is no stronger than hers, That was an unexpected pineapple, indeed. Ira had been face to face with several of them. This, however, was the first shot from what had been looked upon as a neutral In the war between the capital and labor troops. Correspondents who attended that hearing were given the impression that Ira did not enjoy the labor secre. tary’s speech one bit. Some of his as sociates surely did not like it an, but they were less restrained than was Ira, himeelf, and the gossip around Washington is that Ira's staff will be happy to see Miss Perkins remain In her office which Is some seven blocks from the colossal department of com- merce building where General John son has headquarters, Washington is actually overwhelmed with codes these days Ira has his crop of new codes of principles and practices for industry, Secretary of Agriculture Wallace is developing a barnyard full of codes In attempting to earry out the so-called farm parity bill with its processing taxes, options to the farmers to buy holdover cot ton, and acreage reduction for vari ous crops, and Agricultural Relief Ad. minlstrator George N, Peek and Farm Credit Administrator Henry Morgen. thau, Jr, have their codes. Bach one has Its definite purpose and each one fits Into the picture which Presi. dent Roosevelt is trying to put togeth. er to lead the country out of the slough, But where are the codes going to lead? Visitors fo Washington these days are many and it seems that on the lips of each there is that question, The whole program is so new and so untried on a national basis that If Is quite natural to express some wonder about it, I have heard it suggested that the various steps now being takén by the Roosevelt adminis. See New tration probably con. Economic Era stitute the beginning of a new economic era. Indeed, one analyst declared that possibly the arrangement of all start of a period in which the federal government will become an industrial referee or umpire. Carrying that thought further, it was conceived as possible that fewer and fewer fed eral laws would be enacted with ref- erence to control of industry and agri culture. With a federal £it in Judgment, for example, farmers could organize znd contro! thelr own destiny, solve thelr own problems and be independent, That same reasoning, it is asserted, applies to every other line of com mercial endeavor, It represents a theory that private business, observed from a watchtower by something of a federal dictator, can and will man. age its own affairs to a better advan tage than can be done by continual enactment of new and half-baked laws, To that therefore, instead of making government and private program takes shape as move to put business on the Job itself, It seems pertinent to eanll attention Just here to the faft that, except in wartime, neither agriculture nor any other bas ever received the shock of its with such equani- mity as it has swallowed the orders of the federal government. 1 have heard it said that it would take just such & shock to awaken the individual mem- bers of the various lines of trade to the necessity for complete co-ordina- tion of all of their activitl tions, extent, partners of the loosevelt B" possible 8 plane to business, the do industry y life es ond fund « * » President Rooseve it. on hi the White House after a vacate peated that Must Boost |, 44s a 13 Prices about the for nothing is going boost and that in the way ernment can _ control His statement was but a and & broadening of his earlier appeal to the farmers. To them, he sounded a keynote for the whole cam paign of crop reduetion. No doub exists that the farmers help themselves, the erop reduction pro gram the consequent boost in eR cannot be prices stand the gov. insofar as § those factors repetition cotton uniess and pric expected to succeed in other words, the situatic the federal government has machinery for reduction of crop acre ages, It has worked out a program that means higher prices for that which the farmers sell, and it has made a part of that program an inflation of credit and use of federal funds, It has resorted to its taxing power in or der to obtain funds to compensate those who agree to cut acreage and reduce the surplus. It is up to the farmers, therefore, to do their part. The reason the President spoke of nis this: set up growth where part of It can be de- stroyed. Tt was explained in this con. nection that the growth to fruition of the entire acreage of cotton now plant ed wonld increase the surplus to such an extent that a carry-over of as much as 27,000,000 bales was possible. That point is that growth of this year's en. tire crop would only add to the amount of cotton already stored from previous years and the result obviously would be a price reduction. Some market experts say it might go down to 3% to 4 cents a pound, Tobacco Ia the next crop In line It still can be cut down. The Depart ment of Agriculture Is working on plans to levy a processing tax to pay the growers for curtailing that crop. The tax Is scheduled to be 5 cents a pound and will be collected, as the other processing taxes are, from the factories that prepare the commodity for market. A wheat processing tax of 30 cents a bushel has gone Into ef. fect already to finance curtailment of the surplus wheat acreage. And the same can be written respecting pro- cedure for the other commodities, Nevertheless, one can ask what good the processing tax will be and what will be accomplished by this vast ma. chine tint has been set up to help the farmers unless they themselves co operate. The answer, if stated In can: dor, would be, nothin A few more weeks probably will be sufficient time within whieh to Judge whether the farmers are going to do their part. During the debate In congress when the farm parity bill was under consid. eration, there were frequent references to the possibility that the program could not succeed because too many farmers would hold back. So from whatever angle one ex. amines the program, one arrives at the conclusion that It is “up to the farmer.” If the price he receives for his wheat or lis cotton or his other products fails to stay around the point where It is profitable for him to en gage In the industry, some of hiz num. ber have killed the goose that lald the ©. 1033, Western Newspaper Unton, Don’t Let the Grass Grow By OXLEY STENGEL ®. by MeClure Ne wWepa per fyndicate WHEL Bervice 4 ETTER and better” laiph Wil cox exclaimed delightedly “Why, 1 didn’t believe you haa it In you, Max 1” Max Crawford groaned aloud. +g say! Have a heart can't you?! Just because 1 tell you 1 spilled a cup of ten—like the clumsy nes that 1 we spoiling a dress snd an afternoon for f pretty girl and ge nerally fool of myself Joke.” “Drop a cup of it.’ solemnly. His “Nevertheless have kept him sway?” In an aside. “You and-Only-Girlin-s him to go “What of 17 Max den 11 Iy. “She's asked others, “What of it! That ing you, curly head “Why, man, 1 80 clever!” making a You think it a huge h corrected brown wild There 1s the an he'd Qian “Clever in getting yes, alone “Certainly, 1 ean ask begl and not finis how It is Max did stairs until Mary realls the afternoon 80, of On next morn of the tea which Max as they were Central that Sunday. Say Ralph, You, to COUrse the R slat he econ “Don't under your feet, at two as usual pany.” Acting on Ra to eall M: £3 cided out for dinner dismay. On out of town on home home to dir at all, Max *“1 though Max her tioning look " tt Ralph wa row gard added Just then the up the front of the pla answer to oh IROL coming 7a and Ra Davis! For a moment Max saw red ing assisted out of the car alsa. Fliz- Dinner was a wonderful feast. was seated next to Mary, After dinner what was more natural than to wander over the hills of the Rookery with Mary? Ralph and Eliz Max It was nearing sunset. Max and Mary had been watching a sailboat Mary looked down at the carpet of green at their feet. “Why, you can almost see the grass brown curls out of her face. “Oh, it mustot!™ Max exclaimed. “Stand on that rock, please, Mary!” “What do you mean?" the girl was “1 mean—l] don't want to let the grass grow under our feet—1 don't want to lose you, Mary.” Then he held out his arms and Mary's dear head was on his shonlC r. He drew her close. It was their hour, A golden hour on a golden afternoon. “Now, will you finish that story?" Ralph demanded when the two girls had gone upstairs with Mrs. Wilcox. “Yes. And they lived happily ever after—thanks only to you! But how in the world, Ralph, did—" “How did 1 found out about Mary? Easy. She and Elizabeth are friends, you remember. But even with your good start you surely needed help, old man I" “I surely did!™ Max grinned “Thanks, pai. But congratulations are due you. too. All the happiness in the world I" “Well. 1 go after mine! the girls now™ Here are Carlsbad Caves Carisband Caves, New Mexico, were made a national park in May, 1030, They consist of a series of lofty, spa- cious chambers and cor ridors, with alcoves extending to the sides, that are of remarkable beauty. The park has an area of only one square mile, although the caverns ex. tend for miles underground. The most impressive portion of the caves is the Big Room. an enormous chamber 4.000 feet long, with a maximum width of G25 feet. At one place the ceiling rises to a height of 300 feet.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers