By ELMO SCOTT WATSON I* HERE in North America there's a republic poetienlly hailed as “Coe lumbia, the Gem of the Ocean” the United States. Down in South America there's another republie whose real name differs in the spell. ing by only one letter from the po etical name of her sister In the north and there's more than one reason. for hailing it as -—A Gem "Tween Two Oceans.” Both of them trace their name back to one man, the daring navigator who Is commonly regarded as the “discoverer” of the New World lumbus, Within the last year two events have turned the eyes of the North American republic to ward the South American. One of them was the dispute between Colombia and Peru over the violation of a treaty who define the boundary between Christopher Co- urpose it was to » two countries. river are far Andes whieh Ecuador and The headwaters of the up in the eastern forms the back country Colombia. In 1922, however, a treaty was signed defin. ing the boundary, which for the most part fol- lowed the Putumayo river, a northern branch of the Amazon, which it joins in Brazilian terri. tory. In order to give the Colombians access to the Amazon, Peru ceded to Colombia the nar- row corridor from the zi frontier to the A ian port of Letici itumayo along the Bra. and including the Despite their resentment at this arrangement, it was accepted by the Peruvians of this eastern back country—of which the Amazonian port of Iquitos Is the principal center—until revolution overthrew the government of President Leguia, who had made the treaty. On the morning of September 1 of last year the Peruvians seized Leticia and drove out the Colombian officials At first President Sanchez Cerro was inclined to disavow this action, but later supported it, alleging that the treaty of 1922 was not valid because it had never been put up to his people, although the treaty was ratified by the congresses of both countries, Thereupon the League of Nations took a hand in the affair. After an examination of the be. ginnings of the conflict it issued a report which condemned Peru's attitude and asked for the restoration of the seized territory to Colombia. President Sanchez Cerro refused to comply and thus brought Peru into conflict with the league. The league council at lehgth proposed a plan which, on May 25, was accepted by both coun tries, whereby Peru will evacuate Leticia and the corridor, turning the jurisdiction thereof aver to a league commission which will act to enforce order and use therefore such interna- tional forces as it may select: the entire ex. pense of this operation being born by Colombia. The four members of the commission, Col. Ar. thur Brown, representing the United States, Capt. Francisco Iglesias, representative from Spain, DY Armando Mencia of Cuba, and Lemos Basto, the league representative from Brazil, are now on their way to Leticia to fulfill their duties as league administrators, Along with loternational praise for the efforts of the jeague in effecting an amicable settlement of the situation, credit also belongs to the sue. cessful negotiations between Peru's new presi- dent, Dr, Oscar Benavides, and Dr. Alfonso Lo. pez, Colombian minister to England, who, with President Enrique Olaya Herrera of Colombia, have established a closer earnest accord be. tween the two nations, The other event was the celebration Inst Jan. unary of the four hundredth anniversary of the founding of Cartagena, Colombia, with a pro- gram of festivities and an elaborate exposition designed to recall the wedlth and romance and travail which four centuries had brought to this “Carthage of the New World” A port of call for noted navigators of the world, from Columbus to Lindbergh, Cartagena has had a history mere colorful and turbulent x 7 Gash Qn 1.~Four centuries after the eyes of the Span. ish conquistadors first widened at South Amer. ica’s coastal beauty, such tropically wild garden spots as the Bay of Pinorroa remain unchanged and lovely, Part of Colombia's virgin coastline, it may have been the haven for more than one buccaneering crew sailing the seas in search of the storied wealth of the Spanish gold fleets, 2 Painting by Leudo, Colombia painter, in Hotel EI Salto at Tequendama Falls, showing Bochica after smiting the rock that caused the rushing forth of Tequendama Falls. 3.—Branches drooping with the weight of ripe. red clusters of coffee cherries; this coffee tree is ready for the pickers who harvest one of the most important crops of Colombia. 4. “Panama” hats in the process of manufac. ture. 5.~An air view of the modern waterfront of Cartagena, Colombia, one of the oldest cities in the New World, which was founded 400 years ago, in 1533. It was from here that the treas. ure-laden Spanish galleons set sail for the Old World as far back as the middie of the Sixteenth century. 4 » perhaps than that of any other city in the New World. he early Spanish conquistadors discov. ered the harbor and decided to establish a city there, through which the Spanish fleet might maintain contact with the rich New World over which their dominion was rapidly becoming es tablished. But the native Indians thought other wise, and it was only with the greatest difficulty that they were subdued. On January 21, 1533, the first stone of the new city was laid by Pedro de Heredia in the name of Spain. Thereupon, its fortresses and towers rose quickly, at a reported expense of $80,000000 and thousands upon thou. sands of lives, perhaps the costliest city In men and money since the building of Rome or Athens Spain's determination to build strongly and to hold the city against all comers was not with out logle, Shiploads of gold, sliver and emeralds, costliest of Jewels, In the mining of which Co lombia still leads all other countries, were dis patched to the Old World, Caravans of priceless booty flowed into Cartagena by mule-back and other means of primitive transportation, Eng. lish and French rapidly learned of the treasure land, and Spain, unwilling to share the bounty of discovery, fortified and fortified mightily. Like Carthage of old, Cartagena withstood many a mighty siege and was the site of the greatest battles of those times. And lke Carth- age of old, Cartagena fell before Invading con querors. The most famous assault of all has an indirect but picturesque connection with Unit. ed States history and with one of Uncle Sam's own most precious of national shrines In the 17408 a British fleet stormed Cartagena under command of Admiral Vernon. It was one of the most stupendous and enduring sieges of the military history of that day. The final stages of the siege found the would-be Invaders under command of one Capt. Lawrence Washington. Upon Captain Washington's return to Virginia in 1742, he found a new house awaiting him, the central portion of the present mansion, and he gave it the name of Mount Vernon In honor of the admiral under whom he salled for Cartagena, Upon his death, the property became that of George Washington, his half-brother, ‘ During the period 1544 to 1815, Cartagena was attacked eight times, by pirates and bue- cancers, among them the Englishman, Drake, and his countryman, Hawkins, These succeeded 1 It for a short period booty valued at more French adventurers * city after streng even greater treas than half a million filgo succeeded ous siege, ant « ure. In spite of temporas apture, Cartagena x to remain Spar HOUEHN BOme tions such 3 those connected with city of Cartagena, but it is also rich in beau tiex of natire which justify the characterization of “A "Tween Two Oceans” bealty p i he famous Tequendams terfall legend One of and silver workers thor toot OF DOG | a sex of 1} i : hment or flood flood rreat inundations of the Sopo tributaries of the Funza, the tants of the lofty plateau of Bogota havin tops of the trees in which to This great flood had been ordered um, thelr subordinate god But survivors turned their eyes to Bochiea, everprotecting deity, and the latter, appear One ever at sunset shove the rainbow with a go a blow with scepter in one hand struck su upon the rocks of Tequendama that they split In two and through the opening thus made the waters held on the savannah or plain of Bogota were released, leaving it more fertile than before, thanks to the slime that had accumulated. This was the divine origin of the marvellous Tequendama waterfall, In the old days it was gold and precious stones which constituted the sought-after wealth of Colombia and even today. in addition to be Ing the world's largest producer of emeralds, that republic leads all other South American countries In the production and export of gold. Buf her%greatest treasure fs gold of another sort—three kinds of “gold” in fact. They are which she ranks second ; “black gold” or oil: and “green gold” or coffee, The world's largest producer of fine coffees and second in world coffee production, Colombia has a lending role among the South American coffee pot of her neighbor on the north, the United States. In 1082 that giant coffee pot poured out approximately 87.000000,000 cups of America’s national drink, enough to give every person In the United States 725 cups per year or almost two cups a day, and 80 per cent of the billion and a half pounds of coffee now Im. from the South American states with Colombia as one of the chief sources of supply. Just as the United States looks to her sister republic In the South for a warming, invigorat- ing drink, so does she also look to her for a cool, comfortable type of headgear. For It was during the construction of the Panama rail. road across the Isthmus of Panama, then a part of Colombia, that the term “panama” as applied to hats originated. Wirile that work was in progress, several of these native hats found their way into Panama City and were purchased by tourists and by workmen, Owing to the rapid and profitable sale of those few hats larger quantitios were brought in and sold, Tourists who earried these hats awny with them, when questioned as to their origin, very naturally replied that they came from. Panama and it was therefore generally assumed that fey must be a product of that part of Colombia and since they were procured in Panama, they must needs be known as “pan. ama hats” Thus without further Information as to Its origin, the term “panama hat” was accepted as correct and thus it has remained, (© by Western Newspaper Union.) f The floral patternings of the new- grounds It would almost seem as if with strokes deft and sure. If we were to empl tives at our cor would still feel we had fa Justice to the beauty of this season's prints and $0 with the thought that pictures speak more eloquently than words we are referring you to the illustra tion herewi costume centered In study In white and a Worth creation. The shioned of and black line print, a superb These line fects are the inst word” In prints. Worth makes a decorative play on velvet, using shirred black velvet for the girdle with white mat velvet for the three quarter coat, the gloves and bug offering a pleasing diversio that they are formed of fine white velve The pleated shon line of this enchantin vet wrap is a touch of genius For bizarre and exotic coloring we refer you to the striking costume to the right in the picture There Is irter this season for day- time wear than a jacket suit all of gay print. They range from simplest iypes to magnificent affairs such as the model shown here, The out nothing sm DRESSES FROM BAGS IS ECONOMICAL FAD Women have a new game in this conniry—making dresses from sacks The idea isn't exactly new, but it its worst that the project was under It has gained pop ularity in recent weeks, stimulated by a contest conducted by Miss Iris Davenport, clothing specialist for the extension division of Louisiana State university Flour, sugar, salt, feed, seed and even fertilizer and burlap bags are bags ripped open. Stencils are re moved by allowing the hag to stand ing processes follow, Then it is up to the individuality of the dress maker. Bags that came in through the ing out the front entrance as the best Horizontal Hats Are Now Popular Fad for Women Not your wildest oat, perhaps, but may be sailed like a plenie piate In or sheer straws with a daffy bunch of field flowers from the home worked sofa pillow period, perched starchily at some vantage point of the hat band Gingham Blouces Plaid gingham blouses enhance the charm of Hoenn suits, You ean have a gingham hat to mated and, if you want to go the whot® way in gingham, gloves enn he made of the same material as the blouse and hat, Choice in Embroideries Embroideries are introduced in many varied fashion types, To add standing note about this handsome print Is that its flowers, which are in a riot of o« are printed on a dusky red b round, which leads us to say that latest reports from Paris declare that the very prints trend to reddish hues. The cont Is edged with bine fox which gives It infinite chic The swanky little hat is of brown These cired fabrics, ribbons and ices, are very prominent in the of mil linery mat is, In the exceedingly clever black and newest white taffeta afternoon costume ple tured to the left, which also comes from the ise of Worth, we again see the me » of velvet as it appears on the summer style program in a trimming and an ace coliar, the jabot and the top of the sasory role. The gloves. likewise the jaunty beret which 1 y wears, are of black vel vet. The pleated tunic lines and the widedra sleeves are siyle points of foundation, the ped puff gpecial significance It is surprising how many Parisiennes are w hats right in the summertime Ac CERSOry sels which y smart earing little velvet include scarf, gloves (the Istest is velvet m bag, sometimes adding a belt and ghoes, should be part of every well. ordered wardrobe. Then, too, a col jection of veltet bows and girdles will not come amiss, as they may be called upon at any time to enhance this or that summery frock ©. 1833 Westerns Newspaper Union. » SHEPHERDESS HAT By CHERIE NICHOLAS Here is one of the very latest mod- els in wide brimmed hats. It is one of the very new shepherdess shapes. You will observe that the crown is very shallow and that it is not pulled down to fit the head like a cap as we have been In the habit of doing. Also the brim dips over one eye, which Is a characteristic feature of this season's models. It i= well to take note of these details in selecting your mid summer chapeau, The model pictured is banded with colored novelty rib bon, Paris milliners are using quanti. tiles of fancy ribbons just now, # String Belts Favored Knitted string and plaited brald belts are a favorite with sports frocks, A natural colored linen frock has a two Inch belt of knitted string-—bloe, green and red-and a white canvas sports dress is worn with a narrow belt of blue braid, Sailor Collars In Again Old-fashioned sailor collars are here again. The new designs are broader than ever, often standing two inches off each shoulder to give the broad ened shoulder effect now In vogne.
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