A THE Gerxr Alber? Sianey Johnston ? By ELMO SCOTT WATSON EBRUARY 3 is the anni- versary of the birthday of two American soldiers whose careers afford some striking similari- ties and some equally striking differences. They bore the same family name, yet were not re- lated. They were grad. uated from the same military school, both achieved distine- high ranks in both the United States army and the Confederate army, yet one rose to the heights as a military leader only to be cheated of his re ward by death, while the other lived to see his fame as a soldier end in something of an anti<limax. The two were Albert Sidney Johnston and Joseph Egglestom Johnston. Albert Sidney Johnston born on February 3, 1803. in Washington, Ky. the son of a Connecticut country physician and was graduated from the United States Military academy, eighth in his class, In 1526. He was as to the Second infantry and served as chief of staff to Gen. Henry Atkinson in the Black Hawk war in 1832. Re- signing from the army in 1834, was a farmer for a short time 8t. Louis, then in 1836 Joined Texas patriots in their struggle freedom. was ved he near the for Although entering the Texan army @& a private he rapidly rose through all the grades to the con mnd of the army and in 1838 President Mirabeau Lamar of the Lone Star republic made him secretary of war. he led a campaign 1inst hostile In- dians and in two brilliant battles de. feated them and drove them out of Texas. Next we find him a planter in Texas but at the outbreak of the Mex. fean war he was in the field again as colonel of the First Texas rifles. This regiment soom disbanded but Johns. ton comtinued in the service and was inspector general of Butler's division at the battle of Monterey. Although Gen. Zachary Taylor called him “the best soldier he ever commanded,” and his superiors recommended him for an appointment as brigadier-general, he was passed over (for political reasons) and again retired to his farm. There he lived in poverty and neg- lect until President Taylor in 1840 suddenly appointed him a paymaster in the United States army and six years later President Pierce appointed him colonel of a new regiment, the Second cavalry, In 1857 he was placed In com- mand of the expedition to restore or- der among the Mormons In Utah, who were In open revolt against the gov- ernment. By a forced march of 920 miles in 27 days, he reached his little army of 1,100 men, to find them lost amid the snow-filled defiles of the Rockies, with the temperature at 16 below zero, thelr supplies cut off by the hostile Mormons and their starv- ing teams their only food. By an ex- traordinary display of energy and wis- dom Johnston led the army safely in- to winter quarters and by using equal. ly commendable diplomacy he put an end to the rebellion without a drop of blood being shed. For this exploit he was brevetted brigadier-general and a short time later placed in com- mand of the department of the Pa. cific, Loyal to the army and the nation, the coming of the Civil war brought the deepest distress to Johnston, But when Texas seceded he resigned his commission—but he regarded his com- mand as such a sacred trust that he concealed his resignation until he could be relieved—and went at once to Richmond where In September, 4861, be was placed in command of - ‘he next year N W ; 8..." YY Ww all the Confederate forces In the The fall of Fort Donelson to and leader West, and Fort forces under Grant followed and the fell back to Mu boro where he began reorganizing troops. Then he Cori Miss, the key of defense of railroad system in Henry the Union Foote new frees moved to the the lower Missis- sippi valley, where by April 1, 1882, he had about 40,000 men, poorly armed and badly supplied. Grant, command- ing the right wing of the Union army, was concentrating at Pittsburg Land ing on the Tennessee river with some 40.000 men and Buell was rapidly ap- proaching with 40.000 re. With a Napoleonic flash of Johnston to beat the enemy in detail and to attack Grant before Buell could arrive. the aenius decided On April 8 he started his 25 mile march to Pittsburgh Landing he was delayed by bad roads and did not arrive until the 5th. At a council of war General Beauregard, his sec. ond in command, protested against attack and advised a return to Corinth. Johnston overruled him and on Sunday morning, April 6, he led army to the attack. It was a com- plete surprise, for Grant was not even on the field on but an his The struggle lasted all day and was proceeding successfully just as Johns- ton had planned. The Union army was being crowded into an angle between Snake creek and the Tennessee river and was facing annihilation. About 2:30 o'clock In the afternoon Johns. ton, while leading a charge which crushed the left wing of Grant's forces, fell with a mortal wound. Bean- regard, with enough daylight left to complete the victory, vacillated and ordered the attack to cease, That night Buell’s army came up and the next day the Confederates were driven from the fleld. Had the bullet which struck down Albert Sidney Johnston reached another target, the history of the Civil war might have been vast- ly different. Unlike Albert Sidney Johnston, who was a Southerner of Northern an- cestry, Joseph Eggleston Johnston was a Southerner of the Southerners. He was born In Cherry Grove, Va., on February 3, 1807, the scion of a Vir ginia family which had been In this country for nearly 200 years. He was graduated from West Point in 1829 in the same class that gave Robert E. Lee to the army and commissioned a second lieutenant in the Fourth ar tillery. With the exception of service in the Black Hawk war in 1832 most of his first six years in the army was spent in garrison duty at various posts along the Atlantic seaboard, But in 1836 he became aide-de-camp to Gen. Winfield Scott in the war with the Seminole Indians in Florida and won a brevet as captain for gallantry in action when troops under his com- mand fell Into an ambuscade, from which Johnston extricated them skill fully. On this occasion his uniform was perforated with no less than 30 bul- lets! In 184243 he was again in Florida serving against the Seminoles, In the war with Mexico he was at the siege of Vera Cruz and in the batties of Cerro Gordo, Contreras, Molino del Rey, Chapultepec and the attack on the City of Mexico. He was severely wounded at Cerro Gordo and agnin at Chapultepec, where he was the first to plant regimental colors on the ramparts of the fortress. For his gallantry at Cerro Gordo, he was brey etted lieuten nel and 8 years performed the West ingpector-g ant colonel and eolo the next fifteen various duties in (including that of acting neral for the Utah expedi- on commanded by the other Jo Albert Sidney) ied fin to his « quarters the United States ar $13 dur ot ton which ommission of general of Johnston when resigned from the seceded, was army Virginia commis- sloned ir-general of volunte Robert E soldiers who poured to Richmond to defend the Cap the Next he was appointed ander of the army of the Si andoah and led it to the ald Beauregard w McDowell tacked Manas as Beauregar and so that he is ered victory at Dull Run th he was appointed one sinte, comin eral hen <1, 1861, nat anked on July Johnston outr and took comm ited with the The next mon of five full by Confederate (among them Albert Johnston) but was placed fourth on the list. Johns ton against this, since he felt that his high rank in the Un States army when he resigned should the generals authorized the CONgress Sidney protested ited have placed him first on the list. and in this he was justified by a previous hi is said to have been the beginning and ecanse congressional net 8 protest of the hostility towards him shown bey President Jefferson Davis throughout the war. The quarrel between the two men, according to Allen Tate in his recent blography of Davis, outinast the Confederacy and have on paralyzing influence upon its career.” After the Battle of Seven Pines in 1862, at which Johnston was seriously wounded, Davis replaced him In com mand of the Confederate forces in the East with Gen. Robert B. Lee and the eclipse of Joseph E. Johnston ax an outstanding military leader began The next year he was sent to take West. “Johnston was one of the three or four best soldiers In the South.” writes Tate. “But he tended to avoid assuming responsibility ; he wns touchy and quarrelsome: and his in stinctive dislike of offensive warfare had, inconsistently enough, wunder- mined the President's confidence in him since his retreat up the peninsula before McClellan in the spring. In the end, Davis’ lack of confidence may have been sheer dislike; Johnston had not handled him, in his rancorous let ters, with kid gloves. 80, when Johns ton went west his instructions were a little vague , " Both Davis and Johnston have their ardent partisans in the historic dis pute between the two and it seems impossible to arrive at any conclusion a8 to who was most to blame. But the net result was disaster in the West which further weakened the “Lost Cause” and contributed its share to the downfall of the Con federacy. It fell to his lot to play a leading role in the last military scene of the great tragedy which befell the American people between 1861 and 1865, Just ns he had been in command at the first major engagement of the war, so was he in command when the last important armed forces of the Confederacy laid down their arms, On April 20, 1865, Johnston surrendered his army to General Sherman on the same terms under which Lee had sur. rendered to Grant, After the war Johnston was presi- dent of a raliroad in Arkansas, presi dent of an express company of Vir ginla and agent for various insurance companies. In 1877 he was elected to congress from Virginia and ten years later he was appointed United States commissioner of railroads by Presi dent Cleveland. He died In 1801, (@® by Western Newspaper Union.) “1 entered a loaf of white bread at the DeWitt County Farmer's Institute held in Clinton in December and won first prize. 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Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers