By ELMO SCOTT WATSON ILLIAM HOWARD TAFT. chief justice of the United States, has always been known as a genial man. jut just now the smile on his face is a little broader than ever before, for one of his long cherished plans is about to be realized and the highest court in the land, over which he pre gides, is to have a home at last. A part of the gov- ernment’s $200,000,000 program for the National Capital Includes a magnificent struc- ture for the United States Supreme court, the site for it has been selected and a commission has been created to provide plans for the building. As every school boy knows, our gov. ernment has three tive, executive and judicial, each pre- sumably of equal importance. It seems curious, therefore, that through- out the 133 years of our nation's his- tory of three should be something of a “step-sister,” at least 80 far as its having a home commen- surate with its dignity and importance is concerned. The executive branch has always had its White House, standing In solitary state as the sym- bol of honor of housing the one man who is the of all of our government the President. For most of those 133 years the legis. lative branch has had its great-domed Capitol large enough to take care of the growing needs of the increasing membership of congress. But the Su. premne court, the judiciary branch of our government, has never had a place in which it could feel the pride of sole possession. It has always been a ten- ant in the of the legislative branch, and the latter has sometimes been a very grudging landlord. jut now the Supreme court is to move out of that inhos- pitable home and set up housekeeping for itself in a new home which will be as distinctive as the White House sind the Capitol and will proclaim in its gleaming white walls the power that resides within. The new bulld- ing will stand near the Capitol so that congress and the Supreme court will still be neighbors. The site for the new hall of justice has been chosen after a long controversy in which Chief Justice Taft has been the victor. To win that victory he had to over come the objections of some of the members of the court itself and of congress to any removal of the court from the present quarters. But when the bill to create the commission for planning the new building was passed by congress, the last obstacle was re- moved and the new home of the Su. preme court will rise where the chief Justice has desired it to be, on the plaza east of the Capitol and flanking the congressional library. The first meeting of the Supreme court after the new republic was es- tablished took place in New York city, which was then the Capital of the na- tion. The meeting place was in the Royal Exchange building at the foot of Broad street, and the date was Feb- roary 1, 1790. It continued to meet there until the Capital was moved to Philadelphia. Then in February, 1791, the chief justice opened court in the ‘ity Hall building next to Independ- ence hall. Most of us remember from our gchool histories who were the first men to hold the important executive positions in the new government, but how many of us know who were the first justices of the Supreme court, those men upon whom involved the duty of interpreting the first laws passed for the guidance of the new nation? The first court, as appointed by President Washington, consisted of John Jay, of New York, as chief jus- tice, who was then in his forty-fourth building branches—legislia- one those its head activities, home sometime A f a of o raft —p tices: John fifty-seven; Willlam Cushing, of Mas. fifty-seven; Wilson, of Pennsylvania and a native of Scotland, who was just ten years Rob- ert Hanson Harrison, of Maryland, was next selected. He was forty-four years old and resigned the office just five days after he had been confirmed, of his state, James Iredell was appointed to Judge Harrison's place. He was from North oungest mem- being but thirty. Another appointee to he bench was John Rutledge, of South ‘arolina, who, however, never attend- ed a session of the court. In 1791 he resigned to become chief justice of his state. His place was filled by the ap- pointment of Thomas Johnson,® of Maryland. sachusetts, also become chancellor Carolina and was the 3 ber of the eight years old. When the government was moved to the new Capital on the Potomae, the Supreme court remained in Philadel- phia until August, 1800. And it was not until February 2, 1801, that it finally put in an appearance at Wash. ington. Arriving there, the court was given temporary accommodations on the first floor of the Capitol in a room known as the senate clerk's of- fice and now occupied by the marshal of the court. There it remained until 1808, but during one period of its his- tory, while repairs were being made to the Capitol, this solemn body held its meetings In a Washington tavern. When the repairs were completed the Supreme court returned to the Capi- tol to find that it had been placed on the basement floor underneath the sen- ate chamber--surely a good example of subordinating the judiciary to the legislative! It was still occupying this room when the war of 1812 broke out and when the Pritish army arrived In Washington, Ellas Boudinot Caldwell, clerk of the court, took the court ree- ords to his home at 208 Pennsylvania avenue, Southeast, for safekeeping. There, in this house, which is still standing, the court held fits sessions until it moved back into the Capitol in 1817. It was then provided with quarters temporarily prepared for its use in the less-ruined part of the north wing of the Capitol, which had been burned by the British, a place said to be “little better than a dungeon,” This Mr. Caldwell, who was serving as clerk of tha Supreme court at this exciting period of its history was an interesting character. He was named for Elias Boudinot, of New York, known as the “First President of the Olbrtormood & Underwood United States,” because he served as ¢ United States in Con ed” under the Articles ‘onfederation from 1785. 8 also one of the first law. Assem 1751 1p yers admitted to practice before the Supreme court when it w 1791. Claggett Proctor, wr on, gays: as established Of Caldwell's history, John iting in the Wash- in Mr. Caldwell” Ariyrs fuded apart- The girl w and sald: ‘A Jumped over her maid, retired to a men: with the children. looked out of the winds redcoat soldier has fer with a gun’ Elias Boudinot Caldwell, two years old, playing on the floor, called out, ‘Let me see! and ran the window. Mrs her chair, and at this moment the sol. dier fired his musket through the win- dow at her. It was loaded with two balls, which passed through her body, and she instantly expired, “It is related of Mr. Caldwell that in the battle that followed he showed the utmost ardor in the fight, as if he would avenge himself for the murder of his wife. He galloped to the church nearby and brought back an armful of praim books to supply the men with wadding for their fire<locks and shout. ed: "Now put Watts into them, boys! Put Watts into them!" ee Although the Supreme court during its long history has more or less wan. dered about from place to place with no permanent home of its own, the recent move to give it one was not the first, As early as 1796, a commit- tee of the house of representatives re- ported that “a building for the ju- diciary was among the objects yet to be accomplished,” indicating that it recognized the need for providing this important branch of the government with a home. It has often been sald that congress set a record for slow. ness in regard to erecting the” Wash- ington monument. That monument was authorized by a joint resolution passed in 1799, but nearly half a cen- tury passed before the corner stone was laid, and it took 37 years longer to complete the structure as we see it today. However, congress’ record in regard to a Supreme court build. ing beats even that, for It has taken our legislators exactly 138 years to get around to providing a permanent home for the greitest and most pow. erful tribunal in all the world, Railroads Important i. study of economic conditions In ot countries shows the dependence of our nation upon Its raliroads. Many lands are as rich in resources as the United States, bu! they have ao transportation adequate to move their resources, raw or manufactured, Russia could feed and clothe the world, if soll, climate, population and ratural resources were nll that it need. ed, but Russia has few raliroads. China has as much coal and oil as we have, four times the population, an area nencly half again ns great as the entire United States, but fewer miles of railroads than there are In the state ou Towa.~Kessinger's Mid-West Re- ¥ ew, Unworthy American On Aungust 16, 1812, Gen. William Hull surrendered Detroit to the Brit. ish without firing a shot and without consulting his officers. Two years Ia ter Hull was found guilty of treason. Resisting Temptation As soon as thou hast bravely turned thine ear away from the tempting voice thou hast well-nigh prevailed, for this enables thee to hear the In. ward volce, and takes away thy deaf ness. ~Thomas a Kempis, ES AA. Running Backwards Once n writer wrote "by bounds and leaps,” instend of “leaps and bounds,” and gave several readers palpitation of the heart—S8t. Louls Globe Neme So, - Storing Spuds to Improve Quality Increase Demand for Crop by Proper Winter Condi- tions, Says Expert. Store your potatoes properly and Increase their enting quality, advises Prof, E. V, Hardenburg, of the depart- ment of vegetable gardening at the New York State College of Agricul ture, In order to obtain better prices every potato grower should be care- ful to Improve the eating quality of potatoes and Increase the demand for them. This can be by proper storage conditions, Professor Hardenburg. Cure New Potatoes. Freshly dug potatoes are subject to skinning and bruising, which may re- sult in enormous shrinkage from water loss and decay. To avold this, cure new potatoes by letting them stand a few hours In the open hefore placing them in storage, This allows the sur. face to dry and harden and thus be- come resistant to possible bruising In later handling. Furthermore, bruised tubers will keep better if they are not immediately at low tempera- done $4y8 stored {ures From 78 to 40 degrees best storn g to Professor Temperatures below likely ator sugar and a To Fahrenheit ae- Hardenhurg. degrees is the ge temperature, cordir 36 renheit are to result in 1 KW eet. tubers, prevent ir turg should below 41 Fahrenheit, Use Moderate Humidity. humidity, tempera degrees . y Use n moderate fit burg. ie recom- Asphaltic Coating for Silos Quite Efficient one of the ost conti ns he ordinary asphal Thin io Bn urface, adhering tightly i% also Imporiant in stopping tke in tanks and sferne, ns it is a get that this type of asphalt does not nake the water taste or smell, heat Best After Strawberry i its are usually ground freezes hard, i rows, d enough they during of Cov. them the tops shotld not be cover bury them deeply, otherwise : x, sure to smother out The ob ject berries is protect ory winter great not to without difficulty, hut to prevent the freezing and thawing of early spring. which throws the rootg of the plants out of the ground. If the bed Is kept covered it does not thaw until the time for growth to start, so this danger is overcome. Covering also re. ers are killed by frost, reel Agricultural Hints aaa Plant farms, disenses tlirive Swat the weeds, . - - Alfalfa requires a fine, firm seed. bed for good germination of the seed and rapid growth of the seedlings. Ld . * The whole question of the eradl cation of weeds by the use of chemi cals is still in the experimental stage. * » ® on weedy One of the essentials of a good silo Is an impervious wail, one which will exclude air and retain the moisture in the silage. . "oe Only reliable sources of seed pota- toes are dependable. Growers should demand disease-free stock for thelr spring planting, . 0 Vacant lots are frequently a source of foul weed seed. Weeds and grasses should be kept mowed on vacant lots so that they will not produce seed, . E. 8 Savage of the animal hus. bandry department of Cornell univer. sity says that one of the best Invest. ments on a dairy farm is to give extra grain to good cows. * * @ Mudholes, manure piles, swamps, and the muddy banks of streams in the pasture help to deposit a Jot of bacteria on the teats, udders, and ad Jacent parts of cows, «8 0» “Safe,” “sure,” and “cheap” are terms which may be applied to dairy cows when home-raised, provided they are of good breeding, from healthy cows, and well grown. ess Unnecessary, there is an antidote. safe. BAYER trade mark Aspirin ia the Low, but Clear : tot si be good dealers everywhere. f Pro- Bayer is All drugstores. A bh] 4 ch 1€. re of Mon ossetioncideoster of Sallie Coming Across 1 e from Eup five daye”™ ne XH rt come The Compliment Customer—To what do you owe your extraordinary success as a house- to-house salesman? Balesman—To the first five words I utter when 8 woman opens the door et Aine, your mother in? '—Cap- per's Weekly. is Resignation and genius are foes, 1 The Reason you buy more shoes at You have eleven pairs in “Why do this time? the closet.” “I know, but I need the box for a picnic lunch."—Detroit News, You have to read books in order to talk about them and that is the terrible obstacle, Health worth more than fortune THE baby to be envied is the one who is with an inheritance of A ect health, to begin with, who's lucky enough to have a mother who knows how to build up this fortune, “Perhaps I'm old-fashioned," she'll say to the docror who ounces her child physically 100% at a baby show, ‘but this Ith certificate means more to ms than all the stock certificates in the world. If my ba grows up strong and well, I'm will- ve it to him to make a and § i n dy I'm teaching him the value of regular habits. Regular sleep, reg- ions, He's r" Nujol works so easily and naturally igh won't pec a baby under any conditions. It keeps everything A crioning properly. It not only any excess of body Ie all have them) from Sing bat aids in theie removal. Ic is sure. was the Nujsl gic] was periocied Park Avenue, New York. Heir to millions
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers