By ELMO SCOTT WATSON
ILLIAM HOWARD TAFT.
chief justice of the United
States, has always been
known as a genial man.
jut just now the smile on
his face is a little broader
than ever before, for one
of his long cherished plans
is about to be realized and
the highest court in the
land, over which he pre
gides, is to have a home
at last. A part of the gov-
ernment’s $200,000,000
program for the National
Capital Includes a magnificent struc-
ture for the United States Supreme
court, the site for it has been selected
and a commission has been created to
provide plans for the building.
As every school boy knows, our gov.
ernment has three
tive, executive and judicial, each pre-
sumably of equal importance. It
seems curious, therefore, that through-
out the 133 years of our nation's his-
tory of three should be
something of a “step-sister,” at least
80 far as its having a home commen-
surate with its dignity and importance
is concerned. The executive branch
has always had its White House,
standing In solitary state as the sym-
bol of honor of housing the one
man who is the of all of our
government the President.
For most of those 133 years the legis.
lative branch has had its great-domed
Capitol large enough to take care of
the growing needs of the increasing
membership of congress. But the Su.
premne court, the judiciary branch of
our government, has never had a place
in which it could feel the pride of sole
possession. It has always been a ten-
ant in the of the legislative
branch, and the latter has sometimes
been a very grudging landlord.
jut now the Supreme court is to
move out of that inhos-
pitable home and set up housekeeping
for itself in a new home which will
be as distinctive as the White House
sind the Capitol and will proclaim in
its gleaming white walls the power
that resides within. The new bulld-
ing will stand near the Capitol so that
congress and the Supreme court will
still be neighbors. The site for the
new hall of justice has been chosen
after a long controversy in which
Chief Justice Taft has been the victor.
To win that victory he had to over
come the objections of some of the
members of the court itself and of
congress to any removal of the court
from the present quarters. But when
the bill to create the commission for
planning the new building was passed
by congress, the last obstacle was re-
moved and the new home of the Su.
preme court will rise where the chief
Justice has desired it to be, on the
plaza east of the Capitol and flanking
the congressional library.
The first meeting of the Supreme
court after the new republic was es-
tablished took place in New York city,
which was then the Capital of the na-
tion. The meeting place was in the
Royal Exchange building at the foot
of Broad street, and the date was Feb-
roary 1, 1790. It continued to meet
there until the Capital was moved to
Philadelphia. Then in February, 1791,
the chief justice opened court in the
‘ity Hall building next to Independ-
ence hall.
Most of us remember from our
gchool histories who were the first
men to hold the important executive
positions in the new government, but
how many of us know who were the
first justices of the Supreme court,
those men upon whom involved the
duty of interpreting the first laws
passed for the guidance of the new
nation? The first court, as appointed
by President Washington, consisted of
John Jay, of New York, as chief jus-
tice, who was then in his forty-fourth
building
branches—legislia-
one those
its
head
activities,
home
sometime
A
f
a of o raft
—p
tices: John
fifty-seven; Willlam Cushing, of Mas.
fifty-seven;
Wilson, of Pennsylvania and a native
of Scotland, who was just ten years
Rob-
ert Hanson Harrison, of Maryland,
was next selected. He was forty-four
years old and resigned the office just
five days after he had been confirmed,
of his state,
James Iredell was appointed to Judge
Harrison's place. He was from North
oungest mem-
being but thirty.
Another appointee to
he bench was John Rutledge, of South
‘arolina, who, however, never attend-
ed a session of the court. In 1791 he
resigned to become chief justice of his
state. His place was filled by the ap-
pointment of Thomas Johnson,® of
Maryland.
sachusetts, also
become chancellor
Carolina and was the 3
ber of the
eight years old.
When the government was moved to
the new Capital on the Potomae, the
Supreme court remained in Philadel-
phia until August, 1800. And it was
not until February 2, 1801, that it
finally put in an appearance at Wash.
ington. Arriving there, the court was
given temporary accommodations on
the first floor of the Capitol in a
room known as the senate clerk's of-
fice and now occupied by the marshal
of the court. There it remained until
1808, but during one period of its his-
tory, while repairs were being made
to the Capitol, this solemn body held
its meetings In a Washington tavern.
When the repairs were completed the
Supreme court returned to the Capi-
tol to find that it had been placed on
the basement floor underneath the sen-
ate chamber--surely a good example
of subordinating the judiciary to the
legislative!
It was still occupying this room
when the war of 1812 broke out and
when the Pritish army arrived In
Washington, Ellas Boudinot Caldwell,
clerk of the court, took the court ree-
ords to his home at 208 Pennsylvania
avenue, Southeast, for safekeeping.
There, in this house, which is still
standing, the court held fits sessions
until it moved back into the Capitol
in 1817. It was then provided with
quarters temporarily prepared for its
use in the less-ruined part of the north
wing of the Capitol, which had been
burned by the British, a place said to
be “little better than a dungeon,”
This Mr. Caldwell, who was serving
as clerk of tha Supreme court at this
exciting period of its history was an
interesting character. He was named
for Elias Boudinot, of New York,
known as the “First President of the
Olbrtormood & Underwood
United States,” because he served as
¢ United States in Con
ed” under the Articles
‘onfederation from 1785.
8 also one of the first law.
Assem
1751 1p
yers admitted to practice before the
Supreme court when it w
1791.
Claggett Proctor, wr
on, gays:
as established
Of Caldwell's history, John
iting in the Wash-
in
Mr. Caldwell”
Ariyrs
fuded apart-
The girl
w and sald: ‘A
Jumped over
her maid, retired to a
men: with the children.
looked out of the winds
redcoat soldier has
fer
with a gun’ Elias Boudinot Caldwell,
two years old, playing on the floor,
called out, ‘Let me see! and ran
the window. Mrs
her chair, and at this moment the sol.
dier fired his musket through the win-
dow at her. It was loaded with two
balls, which passed through her body,
and she instantly expired,
“It is related of Mr. Caldwell that
in the battle that followed he showed
the utmost ardor in the fight, as if he
would avenge himself for the murder
of his wife. He galloped to the church
nearby and brought back an armful of
praim books to supply the men with
wadding for their fire<locks and shout.
ed: "Now put Watts into them, boys!
Put Watts into them!"
ee
Although the Supreme court during
its long history has more or less wan.
dered about from place to place with
no permanent home of its own, the
recent move to give it one was not
the first, As early as 1796, a commit-
tee of the house of representatives re-
ported that “a building for the ju-
diciary was among the objects yet to
be accomplished,” indicating that it
recognized the need for providing this
important branch of the government
with a home. It has often been sald
that congress set a record for slow.
ness in regard to erecting the” Wash-
ington monument. That monument
was authorized by a joint resolution
passed in 1799, but nearly half a cen-
tury passed before the corner stone
was laid, and it took 37 years longer
to complete the structure as we see
it today. However, congress’ record
in regard to a Supreme court build.
ing beats even that, for It has taken
our legislators exactly 138 years to
get around to providing a permanent
home for the greitest and most pow.
erful tribunal in all the world,
Railroads Important
i. study of economic conditions In
ot countries shows the dependence
of our nation upon Its raliroads.
Many lands are as rich in resources
as the United States, bu! they have
ao transportation adequate to move
their resources, raw or manufactured,
Russia could feed and clothe the
world, if soll, climate, population and
ratural resources were nll that it need.
ed, but Russia has few raliroads.
China has as much coal and oil as
we have, four times the population, an
area nencly half again ns great as the
entire United States, but fewer miles
of railroads than there are In the state
ou Towa.~Kessinger's Mid-West Re-
¥ ew,
Unworthy American
On Aungust 16, 1812, Gen. William
Hull surrendered Detroit to the Brit.
ish without firing a shot and without
consulting his officers. Two years Ia
ter Hull was found guilty of treason.
Resisting Temptation
As soon as thou hast bravely turned
thine ear away from the tempting
voice thou hast well-nigh prevailed,
for this enables thee to hear the In.
ward volce, and takes away thy deaf
ness. ~Thomas a Kempis,
ES AA.
Running Backwards
Once n writer wrote "by bounds and
leaps,” instend of “leaps and bounds,”
and gave several readers palpitation
of the heart—S8t. Louls Globe Neme
So,
-
Storing Spuds to
Improve Quality
Increase Demand for Crop
by Proper Winter Condi-
tions, Says Expert.
Store your potatoes properly and
Increase their enting quality, advises
Prof, E. V, Hardenburg, of the depart-
ment of vegetable gardening at the
New York State College of Agricul
ture, In order to obtain better prices
every potato grower should be care-
ful to Improve the eating quality of
potatoes and Increase the demand for
them. This can be by proper
storage conditions, Professor
Hardenburg.
Cure New Potatoes.
Freshly dug potatoes are subject to
skinning and bruising, which may re-
sult in enormous shrinkage from water
loss and decay. To avold this, cure
new potatoes by letting them stand a
few hours In the open hefore placing
them in storage, This allows the sur.
face to dry and harden and thus be-
come resistant to possible bruising In
later handling. Furthermore, bruised
tubers will keep better if they are not
immediately at low tempera-
done
$4y8
stored
{ures
From 78 to 40 degrees
best storn
g to Professor
Temperatures below
likely
ator sugar and a
To
Fahrenheit
ae-
Hardenhurg.
degrees
is the ge temperature,
cordir
36
renheit are to result in
1 KW eet.
tubers, prevent
ir turg should
below 41 Fahrenheit,
Use Moderate Humidity.
humidity,
tempera
degrees
. y
Use n moderate fit
burg. ie recom-
Asphaltic Coating for
Silos Quite Efficient
one of the ost conti
ns
he ordinary asphal
Thin
io Bn
urface,
adhering tightly
i% also Imporiant in stopping
tke in tanks and sferne, ns it is a
get that this type of asphalt does not
nake the water taste or smell,
heat
Best After
Strawberry i its are usually
ground freezes hard,
i
rows,
d enough
they
during
of Cov.
them
the tops shotld not be cover
bury them deeply, otherwise
: x,
sure to smother out
The ob ject
berries is protect
ory
winter great
not to
without difficulty, hut to prevent the
freezing and thawing of early spring.
which throws the rootg of the plants
out of the ground. If the bed Is kept
covered it does not thaw until the
time for growth to start, so this
danger is overcome. Covering also re.
ers are killed by frost,
reel
Agricultural Hints
aaa
Plant
farms,
disenses tlirive
Swat the weeds,
. - -
Alfalfa requires a fine, firm seed.
bed for good germination of the seed
and rapid growth of the seedlings.
Ld . *
The whole question of the eradl
cation of weeds by the use of chemi
cals is still in the experimental stage.
* » ®
on weedy
One of the essentials of a good silo
Is an impervious wail, one which will
exclude air and retain the moisture in
the silage.
. "oe
Only reliable sources of seed pota-
toes are dependable. Growers should
demand disease-free stock for thelr
spring planting,
. 0
Vacant lots are frequently a source
of foul weed seed. Weeds and grasses
should be kept mowed on vacant lots
so that they will not produce seed,
.
E. 8 Savage of the animal hus.
bandry department of Cornell univer.
sity says that one of the best Invest.
ments on a dairy farm is to give extra
grain to good cows.
* * @
Mudholes, manure piles, swamps,
and the muddy banks of streams in
the pasture help to deposit a Jot of
bacteria on the teats, udders, and ad
Jacent parts of cows,
«8 0»
“Safe,” “sure,” and “cheap” are
terms which may be applied to dairy
cows when home-raised, provided they
are of good breeding, from healthy
cows, and well grown.
ess
Unnecessary,
there is an antidote.
safe.
BAYER
trade mark
Aspirin ia the
Low, but Clear
: tot
si be
good dealers everywhere.
f
Pro-
Bayer is
All drugstores.
A bh]
4
ch
1€.
re of Mon ossetioncideoster of Sallie
Coming Across
1 e from Eup
five daye”™
ne XH rt
come
The Compliment
Customer—To what do you owe
your extraordinary success as a house-
to-house salesman?
Balesman—To the first five words
I utter when 8 woman opens the door
et Aine, your mother in? '—Cap-
per's Weekly.
is
Resignation and genius are foes,
1
The Reason
you buy more shoes at
You have eleven pairs in
“Why do
this time?
the closet.”
“I know, but I need the box for a
picnic lunch."—Detroit News,
You have to read books in order
to talk about them and that is the
terrible obstacle,
Health worth more
than fortune
THE baby to be envied is the one
who is
with an inheritance
of
A
ect health, to begin with,
who's lucky enough to have a
mother who knows how to build
up this fortune,
“Perhaps I'm old-fashioned," she'll
say to the docror who ounces
her child physically 100% at a baby
show, ‘but this Ith certificate
means more to ms than all the stock
certificates in the world. If my ba
grows up strong and well, I'm will-
ve it to him to make a
and § i
n dy I'm teaching him the value
of regular habits. Regular sleep, reg-
ions, He's
r"
Nujol works so easily and naturally
igh won't pec a baby under
any conditions. It keeps everything
A crioning properly. It not only
any excess of body
Ie all have them) from Sing
bat aids in theie removal. Ic is
sure. was
the Nujsl gic] was periocied Park
Avenue, New York.
Heir to millions