next American shipyards for the United Edge is made ambassador to France, victs and the fire they started. NEWS REVIEW OF CURRENT EVENTS Farmers of United States at Last Get Together for Mutual Benefit. By EDWARD W., PICKARD OR the first time in history the farmers of all sections of the United States are getting together to work for their mutual benefit, Wheat growers, corn growers, cotton plant- ers and live stock raisers, numbering more than two millions, decided at the meeting of the American Institute of Co-operatives In Baton Rouge to create a national chamber of agri- cultural co-operatives with headquar- ters in Washington. This organization, which Is expected to be the strongest of its kind in the world, will be ready to function almost Immediately and its officers will represent the nation’s farmers before tees and in all public matters, This action follows formation of a committee © of farmer co-operative groups for the purpose of organizing the producer- owned $20,000,000 grain marketing cor- poration proposed by the new federal farm board. The members of this committee are now conferring with thelr respective groups and conduct- ing a drive for membership. They meet again in Chicago August 20 and soon thereafter will be in Washington preparing for incorporation of the big concern. William H. Settle, head of the Indiana Farm Bureau federation, is chairman of the committee. He was prominent in the “farmers’ revolt” at the Republican national convention last summer. The new corporation was officially named the Farmers’ Na- tional Grain corporation. To the meeting in Baton Rouge, Chairman Legge of the federal farm board set forth his views of the prob- lem of rehabilitating American agril- culture, and his outline of the board's program was approved by the other members, Mr. Legge made it plain that the only farmers’ organizations which will receive financial help from the board are those that are efficiently organized and properly administered within the provisions of the law. The kind of co-operative organization he has In mind is one that will exert a real influence as a stabilizing agency in the marketing of the products of the more than 6,000,000 farms, an or- ganization that will exert, 2s he put it, “at least a measurable degree of control” over the flow of those prod. ucts to the markets and an agency virtually In control of the condition under which the products of Ameri- can farmers are sold. The board, he emphasized, never will buy or sell any commodity, President Hoover membership of the farm board by naming Samuel R, McKelvie, former governor of Nebraska, to represent the wheat growers, Mr. McKelvie accepted the appointment with the understand ing that he may withdraw at the end of one year. He is the owner of the Nebraska Farmer and was indorsed by a large number of farm organiza- tions, and Mr. Hoover chose him for the place after the different wheat groups were unable to unite upon a recommendation, commit- ways act for them In on oreasionn congressional the f leaders closely on completed the —— OHN W. GARRETT of Baltimore, banker and former diplomat, has been appointed American ambassador to Italy to succeed Henry P. Fletcher who is retiring from the service and will leave Rome very soon. Mr, Gar- rett has had nearly twenty years of service in the diplomatic corps and other foreign service. Ie was first secretary of the American embassy at Rome from 1908 to 1911 and also has served as minister to the Netherlands, Venezuela and the Argentine and was secretary general of the Washington arms conference, RESIDENT HOOVER'S decision to suspend work on the three cruls- ers that were to be lald down In navy yards next autumn aroused a lot of adverse criticism as well as praise. One of those who expressed his dis approval was Paul V. McNutt, na- tional commander of the American Le In a reply to Mr. McNutt the President says he on the agreement between ited States and Great Bri equality In navies, He as “the first step of the renewed con- sideration of reduction of the sive world naval armament™ and holds it to be “a forward step of the first importance,” reiterating his that defense is all that the States Is seeking. gion, is relying the Un ain looking to complete the strength of thelr describes the agreement exXCes- posi tion United RASTIC economies In the Ameri. can military establishment are contemplated by President Hoover, and he has ordered a general staff survey of army expenditures, He ex- pects a report with recommendations in time for the submission of an econ omy budget at the next gion of y militar sempilar regular £ 808. the the were Congress, ranches of establishment, especi: and the artillery, alarmed and at began marshal- ing arguments in their behalf. Out- opinion was that the President's move was a threat es. pecially against the many “political” posts that are of no military value and are maintained at expense through the influence of the coast once army the side the great congressmen districts or states in which they are located. an politicians of Senator Bingham of Connecticut said: “At least 00 of the garrisons which the taxpayers are now called upon to maintain are not needed for national defense and have no military value. The army is considering the establishment of three large divisions East, South and Far West-—and the limitation of army posts to a few, well planned and chosen because of the proximity to divisional headquarters as well as their availability for train. ing large units of the service together, would be not only economy but sound military practice. “Of course the Infantry school at Fort Benning, Ga., the general service schools at Fort Leavenworth and sim- {lar projects should be maintained, but there are forts and posts all over the country that should be abandoned, the property on they are located should be sold, and the proceeds ap- piled elsewhere in the service” which OSS of the Lamport and Holt liner Vestris with 112 lives last No- vember off the American coast was due in part to overloading, according to the findings of the British board of trade which conducted a long and thorough inquiry. Other contributory causes were the “tender” condition of the ship; her Insufficient margin of stability and reserve of buoyancy; the heavy weather encountered, and wa- ter finding its way into the lower bunkers. Some of the company's agents in New York and several of the ship's officers came in for varying degrees of blame. EPRESENTATIVES of Soviet Rus- sia and China began negotiations for settlement of the Manchurian quarrel, meeting on a train placed on the border line near Manchoull, The Chinese emisgaries were sald to have indicated a willingness to restore the Chinese Eastern railway to its “status quo ante” provided that Russia fur. nishes guarantees to refrain from Communist propaganda in Manchuria. Continued unrest along the Man- churian border, blamed largely on the “White” Russians, led the Soviet gov ernment to order out all the Siberian reserves up to the age of twenty-seven years. They were assembled at Khav- araovsk, Vladivostok and Chita. ALF a million cotton mill workers of England went on strike rather than accept a 12% per cent reduction of wages proposed by the employers, Consequently practically all the mills of the Lancashire region were closed, to the consternation of the nation. The operators refused to yield and the weavers and spinners would not listen to talk of negotiations, so it seemed the dispute was likely to be long drawn out, The minister of labor, who is Miss Margaret Bondfield, says there is no action her department can helpfully take at present, HILE and Peru have signed a pro- tocol complementary to the gen. eral treaty concerning Tacha and Ari ea. It part of general treaty sha be third power, whic end to Bolivia's strong hopes of galn- no the ceded to a seems to put states emphatically that the territo covered in an ing an outlet to the Paclfic ocean. UDDEN two sect Communist wuoprisings In ions of Colombia were put down after bloody battles with the sol. The casualties were at least a dozen killed and many hurt. Thursday, August 1, was named “anti- imperialism day” by the Communists, and they demonstrations In many of the large citles of Europe, though thelr activities by authorities’ ev in the diers and police. made were curbed the erywhere except Soviet republics, ALE JACKSON O'Brine, flying ertson ahove Forest s- Roh. vais Robin tablished a may ined and and not be cause they or their engine was worn out, but of a friend, an killed in a crash. tacts with another plane were for and 25,200 miles, or abou around the world at The two pllots earned more than $42,500 by their exploit. The flight was especially a triumph for the mo tor, a six.cylinder air-cooled radial type engine designed by Arthur Nutt After being feted In St. Louis, Jack son and O'Brine started on a tour of the country In thelr record-breaking plane, foilowing about the same route taken by Col. Charles A. Lindbergh two years ago. An endurance flight started at Min neapolis ended In the crashing of the plane and the death of the pllots Owen Haughland and Capt. Preston L. Crichton. They had been up 154 hours. Lieut, Harold Bromley, Intend. ing a nonstop flight from Tacoma, Wash, to Tokyo, came to grief as his monoplane slid down the runway and turned over on its right wing and was smashed. He promised to make an other start as soon as he could pet another plane, Roger Q. Williams and Lewis Yancey, the New York-to-Rome flyers, after being entertained in New York, flew to Chicago, Yances's home city, where they were given a’ great reception and banquet under the aus pices of the Chicago Press club, and the Curt monoplane St. L St. Loud for stand anaq I record in the 30 seconds, anded in order to at refueling, proximately distance equator, EVENTEEN hundred convietz io Auburn prison, New York state made a desperate attempt to gain their freedom, battling the guards and police for five hours and burning down some of the prison bulldings, They seized the arsenal and armed them: selves with rifles, pistels and four ma- chine guns, and the ensuing fight was sanguinary. Two convicts were killed and four guards were wounded. Four of the prisoners made thelr escape in the confusion. This affair, of the Inmates of Clinton prison, Dan- nemora, aroused the state anthorities, and Governor Roosevelt called for a thorough investigation. The New York state prisons are admittedly greatly overcrowded, and more outbreaks are fearc lL M POINCARE, who ivi. premier of France immediately after the parliament had ratified the war debt settlements with the United States and Great Britain, has been succeeded by Aristide Briand, who ree tains his portfolio of foreign minister, and who has made almost no changes in the cabinet. Briand's first task wag to obtain a vote of confidence for the government's negotiations at the Inter national conference to put In opera. tion the Young reparations plan, which meeting was scheduled for Au- gust 6 In The Hague. The vote was given Briand by a big majority, It was announced in London that Prime Minister MacDonald would not attend the conference and that Great Britain would be represented by Foreign Min. Ister Henderson, Chancellor of the Exchequer Snowden and Willlam Gra. ham, president of the board of trade. MacDonald and hig government have declared thelr opposition to the Young plan as it now stands, feeling that it Involves too much sacrifice of British interests for the benefit of France — Silo Profit Is in the Feeding Dairy Farms and Live Stock Feeders Declare Silage Is Essential. The proof of the silo profit Is In the hos If the stock the of si- was ns It one Wisconsin this, live feeding. economy of proved value Inge In the ration known all over this lund as Is In this state, where there is silo to every 30 head of cattle, there 2.000000 silos bollt in the next three years, All evidence ig In favor of feed 4 bringing, HHk-making and well woul! Le America In the this as a profit beef-building ration, Corn sila can be grown nnd put into the si ’ gs than £6 a ton. is Ig crediting the U4 cents a low as £0 a about bushel, Value of Silage. » + Not i by the United Biates of Agr facts of int life Department fore y jentists would like nplete information deals lationship of plants with Ar States Depart- orafting grafting ment of emarked tanical tionship the same species” expected to unite; varieties of E: on Frenne 3 jropean pear will grow ! (ten of app other. On the other not unite piaced by mony botanists in us Prunus, In many cases, related may be grow, as hawthorn upon apple and firethorn upon moun- tain ash. The citrus fruits are related closely that it is by no means gee na single stock, which has been grafted, pro- different fruits on different lemons on one, oranges fnn- perhaps and tangerines as well.” Fall Plowing Will Make Enlarged Crop of Oats land larger crop with peach, distantly more ] and will enough so uncommon to ducing limbs, on other, and grapefruit On make a average onts will usually when the ground allow in the fall. One is usually less likely to get a is plowed & tN ons of clover when it Ig sown In fall or spring plowed ground when onts, it into a firm seedbed, than land was only disked for The surface of the plowed ground will deeper than on disked land get out germinating on plowed ground as on disked ground. A good rolling will overcome this tendency to a large ex- tent however, Plant Food Will Make Crops More Pleasing On solis that are full of plant food, the crops will grow quickly and more succulent, The individual plants will grow larger and freer from fiber and thus be much more desirable for table use. This applies more particularly to salad crops like cabbage, celery, spinach, ete. The very best kind of root crops will be produced on such scils. The radishes thus grown will be less peppery and free from fiber the kind that fairly snap when you bite one of them, Deets und car rots, too, will be tender because they have made a quick growth, Ric oem em————————— LAXITY BLAMED FOR RACE DEATHS Due to Hole in Wooden Bowl at Altoona. Criti ism of the ite authorities should pu racetrack killin Vice President Mayer told the execu: tive board of the association, adoption of a resolution deg gancrifice of life and placing the blame tion having primarily on the organiza having ization. whose and auto. auto Rar function is public safety which undertakes to sponsor mobile races” said Mayer, cape re.ponsibility for the tragic con- Ag Te. “Any ma jor “cannot es- sequences of Inexpert driving gards personnel, or the physical condi. tion of tracks the races are run. “Automobile over which racing is sufficiently hazardous without track conditions, and we believe public opin- fon will no longer tolerate contests under such conditions, no matter an- der whose auspices. nnd sanction the races are run. “Automobile racing, under the pres ent system, is conducted primarily for profit and serves no ureful purpose, “In the early years of the automo bile, races were of value in the devel. opment of automotite science and mechanism, At the present time, how. ever, each automobile manufacturer makes his own tests on his own prov- tng ground. Furthermore, the devel. opment of an automobile that il travel 200 miles an hour is of no prac. tical value to automotive science for such speed would always be a menace on the public highway.” imperfect AUTOMOBILE HINTS Wash the wheels last when cleaning the car, * » - A thin coating of grease is best to seal a cylinder head gasket, - » - with con. familiarity fast breeds And In particular, the sense of going tempt of chances, - . * Western judge rules that pedes. trinng have the right of way, 80 now they can go ahead and run over the automobiles, » » - Auto trucks compete with camels on the new highways of Persia. Rates by camel are lower, but trucks are so at higher rates, . If you are half way past the left hand road into which you intended turning, better pull over to the right, and slow down and back up instead of suddenly swinging around. . 0» A bill before the legislature of South Carolina would provide that the pen- alty for automobile thieves be not a fine but sentences ranging from five years in prison for the first Offense to life for the fourth offense, New Arrangement Makes Automobile Starting Easy Easy starting for the gutomot 1 @ Easy starting is insured by connect. ing a stop light switch with the choke spark coil is shortcircuited when the choke is out, giving a strong, hot spark, " py ¥ "my ter is not running. light switch ) he plunger of when the The motor idea Is to connect as shown so that the switch is pulled out the resistance ung- er of the stop light switch is connect- ed by means of a piece of wire and i choke rode, so that ut the choke the re- be short-circuited amount of the spark a fine spark even with itor drawing a large amount of current from the battery. Pushing In the choke rod again after the motor starts restores the circuit to normal running condition. —Popular Science Monthly. to the 1 large iarge » br hrough MOTOR QUIZ How Many Can You Answer? o : 5 DULVLVDVVLVVV VV TV LUV DVO DVTD Q.-—~How tight should the fan belt be kept, and why? Ans. Just tight enough to prevent slipping. Putting the belt under too great tension shortens its life and may cause it to break. Q.—~What was the total amount of tax collected in the United States during 1928, and how many gal- of gasoline were consumed? Ans More than $305,2323,000, 178.344.7000 gallons of gasoline, Q.—How often should breaker points and spark plug gaps be checked? Does it take long for such an inspection? Ans Every one thousand miles. This is very simple and requires but a few minutes. Breaker points should be filed square and clean and gapped according to recommendations in in- struction manual. Plug gaps should also be adjusted according to recom- gasoline longs 10,- Fatalities Per Car Is Declining Materially Pointing out that the number of motor fatalities per 100,000 registra. tion in the United States has de. clined materially in the past ten years, Harry R. Cobleigh of the National Automobile Chamber of Commerce ad- vanced the view that the modern moe tor car was bullt with maximum safe ty, speaking before the traffic safety Instruction course of the Newark safety council, recently. While competence of the driver is always an essential, the speaker no ted four-wheel brakes, more respons. ive motors and balloon tires as among the features of modern automobile construction which make for safety,
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers